Summary

Docker and Kubernetes

Docker Images and
Understanding Containers
Docker
 Docker and Kubernetes
Overview of Docker

Understanding This is an open platform used for

Docker developing, shipping and running

applications.
Here you can run your application in an
isolated environment called a container.

Developers can easily create applications

and ship them via containers.

Containers are light-weight in nature.

You can easily deploy containers onto multiple

environments such as development and production.
 Docker Desktop

• This is a graphical user interface tool that can be used to

Docker and Kubernetes manage your containers.

• This tool is available for Windows and MacOS.

Understanding • You can manage your images and containers from one tool.
Docker
 Docker Hub

• This is an online repository for your Docker images.

Docker and Kubernetes • Docker Hub has a lot of pre-built images.

• You can also share your own Docker images by publishing

Understanding them onto Docker Hub.
Docker
 Docker and Kubernetes

Understanding Images and

Containers
Docker

Images Containers Docker Docker

client
This tool is used daemon
This process is
This is a read- This is a running
only template instance of the to issue Docker- used to listen for
that has container. specific Docker
instructions on commands. commands.
how to run the
container.
 Docker and Kubernetes
We want the

Understanding Docker
container to run in
the background.

Here we specify the

name of the image

docker run –d –p 80:80 nginx

The docker run

command is used to
We want to publish
create a new
port 80 of the
container
container onto port
80 of the host
machine.
 Docker and Kubernetes

Understanding Docker

Command Description

docker images This command is used to list the images.

docker inspect This command can be used to inspect images and containers.

docker ps This command will list the running containers.

docker ps -a This command will list all containers.

docker start -a This command can be used to start a container.

 Docker and Kubernetes

Understanding Docker

Command Description

docker rm This command is used to remove a container.

docker rmi This command is used to remove an image.

docker attach This command will attach you to a running container.

docker build This command is used to build a custom image.

 Docker and Kubernetes

Understanding Docker

• The Dockerfile can be used by

Docker to build a custom image.

• This is a text file that is parsed by

Docker. The image will be created
based on the instructions.
 Summary

Docker and Kubernetes

Docker – Building your
Understanding own Custom Image
Docker
 Assigning names for
containers

• By default, Docker will assign a name for the container.

Docker and Kubernetes • But you can assign your own name for the container
which can be referenced later on.
Understanding • docker run --name [container-name] [image-name].

Docker
 Removing a container after
exit

• You can ensure a container is removed after it’s

Docker and Kubernetes stopped.
• docker run --rm [image-name].

Understanding
Docker
 Docker and Kubernetes

Understanding Docker

• You can have different tags for

your images.

• One use case is to have

different versions for your
images.
 The CMD instruction

• The CMD instruction in the Dockerfile can be used to

Docker and Kubernetes provide defaults for the executing container.
• For example you can make it run an executable and pass
Understanding parameters as well to the executable.

Docker
 The log options

• You can get the logs from the Docker container at the
Docker and Kubernetes time of execution – docker logs [container-name].
• You can also continuously stream logs – docker logs --
Understanding follow.

Docker
 Connecting containers

• Your docker containers by default are attached to a

Docker and Kubernetes default docker network.
• Your containers get an IP address.
Understanding
Docker
 Summary

Docker and Kubernetes

Docker Networking and
Understanding Data
Docker
 Docker and Kubernetes
Docker Networking

Understanding The Docker containers are launched as part

Docker of a Docker network.

The bridge is the default network driver used for

the network. You have other drivers as well.

Each Docker container gets an IP address on

the network.

Containers can communicate with each

other via the IP addresses.

You can run the docker inspect command to see the

networking details for a container.
 Docker and Kubernetes

Understanding Docker
networking
Docker

Network Inspect Connect Run

The docker You can inspect You can connect a Or when running a
network create the network with container to a container you can
command can be the docker network with the make sure the
used to create a inspect docker network container is
network. command. connect command. attached to a
network.
 Copying files to a container

• You can copy files to and from a container.

Docker and Kubernetes • docker cp Courses.txt 0bd:/var/www/html.

• The above command can be used to copy the

Understanding Courses.txt file onto the container with an ID of 0bd and
Docker in the directory of /var/www/html.
 Using bind mounts

• This can be used to bind a file or a directory from the

Docker and Kubernetes local machine onto the container.
• docker run --name phpapp --mount
Understanding type=bind,source=/mnt/c/tmp6,target=/var/www/html.
• The above command binds the local directory on
Docker /mnt/c/tmp6 onto the container directory of
/var/www/html.
 Using a .dockerignore file

• This can be used to exclude files and directories from

Docker and Kubernetes the build context.

• This helps to ensure that unwanted files are not part of

Understanding the build context. This helps to improve the build speed

Docker of your images.

 Multi-stage builds

• Here you can have different FROM statements in your

Docker and Kubernetes Dockerfile.

• You can have different stages for your build process.

Understanding • For example, you can have one stage to build your
Docker application and another stage to copy the binary files.
 Summary

Docker and Kubernetes

Docker Compose and
Understanding Docker hub
Docker
 Docker compose

• This tool can help build and deploy your multi-container

Docker and Kubernetes applications.
• Here a YAML file is used to define the services that will
Understanding run as part of your application.

Docker • Once you have defined your services, you can use
simple commands to have them up and running.
 Docker and Kubernetes
Simple docker compose file

Understanding You name the file as docker-compose.yaml.

Docker
You can then define the version of Docker
compose you are using.

A service is an abstract definition of a resource within

an application.
.
The services are backed by containers. Each
service can be scaled independently.

We can publish the ports for our container similar to

when using the docker run command.
 Docker and Kubernetes

Understanding Docker

Command Description

docker compose This command is used to bring your docker services up.
up
docker compose up - This command can be used to run the containers in daemon
d mode.
docker compose This command is used to bring the services down.
down
 Docker and Kubernetes

Understanding Docker

• If the underlying image can take

environment values you can
define them accordingly.

• Here we are defining the

password to be used for the
root user of the MySQL
database server.
 Docker and Kubernetes
Making use
Understanding Docker of volumes
Here we reference
the volume, and
where on the target
container the
volume will be used
to store data

Here we can define a

volume and also
define the name of
the volume.
 Docker and Kubernetes
Making use
Understanding Docker of networks

We can ensure that

our container starts as
part of the network.
We can then reference
the container by its
name.

Here we can define a

network. We can also
configure an IP
address for the
network.
 Docker and Kubernetes
Building our
Understanding Docker images

We can ask docker

compose to build our
images if they are not
present and then use
the container built out
of the image.
 Docker and Kubernetes
Kubernetes

Understanding This is an open-source system.

Kubernetes
It helps to manage the deployment and
management of your container-based
applications.
You can run Kubernetes on your on-premises
machines or on the cloud.

You get various features like self-healing

which can restart containers if they fail.

You get additional features such as service discovery

and load balancing.
 Docker and Kubernetes

Understanding
Kubernetes
• When you use Kubernetes you need
to setup a cluster.
• As part of the cluster you have a
master node and worker nodes.
• Your workloads run on the worker
nodes.
• The control plane runs on the
master node.
 Docker and Kubernetes

Understanding
Kubernetes Kube-apiserver
• This services sits on the control
plane.
• When you make a request to the
Kubernetes cluster, the request
goes to the API server.
• The API server then manages the
request accordingly.
 Docker and Kubernetes

Understanding
Kubernetes etcd
• This services sits on the control
plane, on the master node.
• This is a key-value data store.
• When the API server receives a
request, this could be for the
Nodes, pods etc, the data is
persisted to etcd.
 Docker and Kubernetes

Understanding
Kubernetes Kube-controller
• You have various controllers that are
used to manage different aspects.
• Node controller – This is used for
managing the nodes.
• Replication Controller is used for
monitoring the replica’s when it
comes to the pods.
 Docker and Kubernetes

Understanding
Kubernetes Kube-scheduler
• The scheduler decides the node that
pod should run on.
• This is required , because the node
should have sufficient capacity to
run the pod.
• The scheduler does not run the
pod, it just schedules the pod on
the required node.
 Docker and Kubernetes

Understanding
Kubernetes kubelet
• The kubelet tool actually runs the
pod on the node.
• It downloads the required image
and creates a container out of the
image.
• It monitors the pod and sends the
status of the pod to the kube api
• server.
This service runs on the worker
node.
 Docker and Kubernetes

Understanding
Kubernetes Kube-proxy
• This helps in communication across
the pods.
• Each pod gets its own IP address.
• Each pod becomes part of a pod
network.
• The kube proxy tool runs on every
worker node.
 Docker and Kubernetes

Understanding
Kubernetes Pod
• The containers are encapsulated
within pods.

• This is the smallest object that you

can create in Kubernetes.

• A pod is used to represent a single

instance of your application.
 Docker and Kubernetes

Understanding Understanding
pods
Kubernetes

• You can have different containers running in a pod.

Pod Connect Run
• But normally you will run containers in different pods.
You can connect a Or when running a
• Only if the containers are container
tightly coupled
to a you would consider
container running
you can
Container them in one pod. network with the make sure the
docker network container is
Container connect command. attached to a
network.
 Docker and Kubernetes

Understanding Understanding
pods
Kubernetes

Pod Pod Connect Run

• Here the application and database can
You can connect a Or when running a
run in different pods.
container to a you can make sure
Application Database •network
The Utility container couldtherun
with the scriptsis
container
docker network
that are attached to a
required for application
connect command. network.
startup.
Utility
 Docker and Kubernetes

Understanding Understanding
pods
Kubernetes

Pod Pod Connect Run

• You can also run multiple instances of
You can connect a Or when running a
your application container.
container to a you can make sure
Application Application
Database •network
This iswith
donethevia running multiple podsis
the container
docker network
at a time. attached to a
connect command. network.
• And this is all managed by Kubernetes.
Utility Utility
 Docker and Kubernetes

Understanding Understanding
pods
Kubernetes

Pod Pod Connect Run goes

• Also let’s say that the application
down in the container.
You can connect a Or when running a
• Kubernetes
container to a will not launch
you
a can
newmake sure
Application Application
Database network with in
thethe pod. the container is
container
docker network attached to a
•connect
It will actually
command.create a brand-new
network. pod.
Utility Utility • That is why pods are considered
ephemeral in nature.
 Creating Kubernetes
objects

• To deploy Kubernetes objects, we can define the objects

Docker and Kubernetes using YAML files.
• We can interact with the Kubernetes cluster using
Understanding kubectl.
• This is a command line tool that is used to communicate
Kubernetes with the control plan of the Kubernetes cluster.
 Docker and Kubernetes The name for the object.

What is the type of

The number of pods we
Kubernetes object.
want to run.
The label selector helps the
The template is based on
deployment to understand
the Pod specification
the pods that need to be
template.
managed by the
A label is a name-value
deployment.
pair. This can be attached
We provide information to a pod. It helps to provide
about the image that is meaningful attributes for
needed for the container the pod.
and also what is the port
number to expose from the
container.
 Docker and Kubernetes The name for the object.

What is the type of

What are the pods this
Kubernetes object.
service is linked to.

What is the port number to

expose on the service and
what is the port number to
map to the pod.

What is the type of service.

 Creating Kubernetes
objects

• ClusterIP – This assigns an IP address from the pool of IP

Docker and Kubernetes addresses of the cluster.
• NodePort – This helps expose the application on a port
Understanding number of the node.

Kubernetes • LoadBalancer – Here you can use an external load

balancer to distribute requests across the pods.