Functions
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the learners are
expected to:
1. recall the concepts of relations and
functions;
2. define and explain functional relationship as
a mathematical model of situation; and
3. represent real – life situations using
functions, including piece-wise function.
What kind of
relationship do you
have?
1. The School Romance
2. The Toxic Relationship
3. The Friends-With-Benefits Relationship
4. The Long Distance Relationship
5. The Rebound Relationship
6. The Friends-But-Attracted-To-Each-Other
Relationship
7. The “It’s Complicated” Relationship
8. The Pastime Relationship
9. The On-and-Off Relationship
10. The “Meant to Be” Relationship
“ A TRUE
RELATIONSHIP IS
TWO IMPERFECT
PEOPLE REFUSING TO
GIVE UP ON EACH
OTHER. ”
A relation is any set of
ordered pairs. The set of all
first elements of the ordered
pairs is called the domain of
the relation, and the set of all
second elements is called the
range.
A function is a relation or
rule of correspondence
between two elements
(domain and range) such that
each element in the domain
corresponds to exactly one
element in the range.
Activity 1
Given the following ordered pairs, which relations are
functions?
A = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)}
B = {(3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}
C = {(1,0), (0, 1, (-1,0), (0,-1)}
D = {(a,b), (b, c), (c,d), (a,d)}
Note:
The relations A and B are functions because each
element in the domain corresponds to a unique element
in the range. Meanwhile, relations C and D are not
functions because they contain ordered pairs with the
same domain [C = (0,1) and (0,-1), D = (a,b) and (a,d)].
Activity 1
From the given table of values, which relation shows a
function?
A.
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 2 4 6 8 10 12
B.
x 4 -3 1 2 5
y -5 -2 -2 -2 0
C.
x 0 -1 4 2 -1
y 3 4 0 -1 1
Note:
A and B are functions since all the values of x corresponds to
exactly one value of y. Unlike table C, where -1 corresponds to
two values, 4 and 1.
Activity 1
On the following mappingdiagrams, which do you think represent
functions?
The relations A and C are
functions because each
element in the domain
corresponds to a unique
element in the range.
However, B is a mere relation
and not function because
there is a domain which
corresponds to more than one
range.
A relation between two sets of
numbers can be illustrated by
graph in the Cartesian plane, and
that a function passes the vertical
line test.
A graph of a relation is a function
if any vertical line drawn passing
through the graph intersects it at
exactly one point.
Using the vertical line test, can you identify the graph/s of function?
Let’s read some of the conversations and determine if they can
be classified as function or not.
Functions as representations of
real-life situations
Functions can often be used to
model real-life situations.
Identifying an appropriate
functional model will lead to a better
understanding of various
phenomena.
Can you cite other
real-life situations
that show
functions?
Piecewise Functions
There are functions that requires
more than one formula in order to
obtain the given output. There are
instances when we need to describe
situations in which a rule or
relationship changes as the input
value crosses certain boundaries. In
this case, we need to apply the
piecewise function.
Apiecewise function is a function in
which more than one formula is used to
define the output. Each formula has its
own domain, and the domain of the
function is the union of all these smaller
domains.
Graph
