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CROSSING THE
BRIDGE
OVER THE

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SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAH BIN UTHMAAN ■

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 CROSSING THE
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t SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAH BIN UTHMAAN

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 © Maktabatulirshad Publications Ltd, USA
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced in any language, stored in any retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means, whether electronic,
mechanic, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without
express permission of the copyright owner.

ISBN: 978-1-6331-5171-0

First Edition: Ramadhan 1435 A.H./July 2014 C.E.

Cover Design: Maktabatulirshad staff

Translation by Rasheed ibn Estes Barbee

Revision of Translation by: Abu Ruqayyah Raha ibn Donald Batts

Editing by Danielle Lebenson al-Amirikiyyah

Typesetting & Formatting by: Abu Sulayman Muhammad ‘Abdul-

Azim bin Joshua Baker

Subject: Admonition/'Aqldah

Website: www.maktabatulirshad.com
E-mail: [email protected]

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Maklabatul-lrshad
PUBLICATIONS
 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

TRANSLITERATION TABLE

Consonants

d d •l k
b dh t j l
t j r Jj ? r m
th 3 z L j n

C J s t Sh h
& sh f w
C h J

c kli ? (i q y

Vowels
>
Short a i u
Long Ll a I u

Diphthongs aw ay

3| Page
SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAAH BIN TJTHMAAN
ADH-DHAMAARI

Arabic Symbols & their meanings

May Allah preserve him

May Allah be pleased with him

(i.e. a male companion of the
Prophet Muhammad)

Glorified & Exalted is Allah

(Allah) the Mighty & Sublime

(Allah) the Blessed & Exalted

(Allah) the Sublime & Exalted

May Allah send Blessings &

Safety upon him (i.e. a Prophet
or Messenger)

May Allah send Blessings &

Safety upon him and his family
(i.e. Du'a sent when mentioning
the Prophet Muhammad)

May Allah have mercy on him

May Allah be pleased with them

(i.e. Du‘a made for the
Companions of the Prophet
Muhammad)

(Allah) His Majesty is Exalted

4|Page
CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

May Allah be pleased with her

(i.e. a female companion of the
Prophet Muhammad)

5|Page
SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAAH BIN OJTHMAAN
ADH-DHAMAARI

Verily all praises belong to Allah. We praise Him and we

seek His assistance and we seek His forgiveness. And we
seek refuge in Allah from the evil of our souls and from the
evil of our actions. Whomever Allah guides none can
misguide him, and whoever is misguided there is no guide
for him. I bear witness that nothing has the right to be
worshipped except for Allah alone, without partners, and I
bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and His
Messenger ().

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“O you who believe! Fear Allah as He should be

feared, and die not except in a state of Islam.”
[Surah Ali Imran (3): 102]

6|Page
 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

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“O mankind! Be dutiful to your Lord, Who

created you from a single person (Adam), and
from him (Adam), He created his wife (Hawwa),
and from them both He created many men and
women; and fear Allah through Whom you
demand your mutual (rights), and (do not cut the
relations of) the wombs (kinship). Surely, Allah is
Ever an All-Watcher over you.” [Surah an-Nisa
(4): 1 ]

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“O you who believe! Fear Allah, and (always) say
a word directed to that which is correct. He will
direct you to do righteous good deeds and will
forgive you your sins. And whosoever obeys Allah
and His Messenger, he has indeed achieved a great
achievement (i.e. he will be saved from the Hellfire

7| Page
SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAAH BIN TJTHMAAN
ADH-DHAMAARI

and made to enter Paradise).” [Surah al-Ahzaab

(33):70-71]

To proceed:

Verily the most truthful speech is the Book of Allah, and

the best guidance is the guidance of Muhammad
() and the most evil of affairs are newly invented
matters, and every newly invented matter is an innovation;
and every innovation is misguidance and every
misguidance is in the Fire.

O believers, all praises belong to Allah, the One who has

made it easy for us to visit you in this blessed masjid. We
gather in this masjid upon the Noble Book of Allah and
upon the Sunnah of Muhammad A gathering
of Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama 'ah to correct the understanding,
and to build momentum and strengthen the resolve; and to
encourage their hearts to rectification. Thus, this gathering
is a gathering to rectify the heart, and it is a gathering of
knowledge and virtue.

Brothers in faith, it has been narrated by Imam at-

Tabaraani—and this wording is from his narration—and
also from al-Haakim and Ibn Abi Dunya and others, the
hacUth of Ibn Mas’ood

He said, “The Messenger of Allah (&£%&!$?) said:

8| Page
 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

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ADH-DHAMAARI

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10 | P a g e
 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

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“Allah will gather the first and the last (of the
creation) for the appointed meeting for the known
Day—standing for forty years, waiting for the
matter to be decided between them. Allah(I) will
descend in the shadows of the clouds, from the
Throne to the Footstool.

“And a caller will call out, ‘O mankind, would it

please you that your Lord, the One who created
you, provided for you, and commanded you to
worship none but Him and to not associate any
partners with Him, should judge that each of you
should follow that which he used to follow in the
world, and that which he used to worship in the
world? Is this not a just ruling from your Lord?’
They will respond, ‘Certainly.’

“Thus, it shall commence; they shall proceed forth

and every nation will follow what they used to
worship. And the likenesses of their gods they
used to worship in the world will appear. Those
who used to worship the sun shall proceed forth,
as will those who worshiped the moon, those who

11 | Page
SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAAH BIN TJTHMAAN
ADH-DHAMAARI

worshiped idols of stone and the like; and the devil

of Jesus (his companion from the Jinn) will be
given the likeness of Jesus for those who
worshiped him, and for those who worshiped
‘Uzayr, the devil of ‘Uzayr (his companion from
the Jinn) will be given his likeness; and there shall
remain Muhammad and his nation.

“The Lord of all that exists will come to them and

say to them, ‘Why do you not proceed as the
people have proceeded?’ They will respond, ‘We
have a deity whom we have yet to see.’ Thus, He
will say to them, ‘If He comes to you will you
recognize Him?’ They will respond, ‘Between Him
and us is a sign; if we see it, we will recognize
Him.’ He will say, ‘And what is the sign?’ They
will respond, ‘He will reveal His Shin.’ Therefore,
the Most Merciful will reveal His Shin and they
will recognize Him, so all of them who see it will
fall prostrate.

“All those who used to prostrate within the Dunya

out of hypocrisy and to show off will desire to
prostrate, but their backs will be like the horns of
cows. Every time they want to prostrate, they will
fall upon their forelocks. ‘They used to be called
to prostrate (offer prayers), while they were

12 | P a g e
 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

healthy and good (in the life of the world, but they
did not).51

“Then Allah will say to them, ‘Raise your heads.5

So, they will raise their heads. Allah, the Glorified
and Exalted, will give each of them lights
according to their actions. Some of them will be
given light the like of a great mountain which will
proceed in front of them, while some of them will
be given a light less than that. Some of them will
be given a light like a date tree on his right, while
some of them will be given a light less than that.
Such that the last of them will be a man given a
light in his big toe; it will illuminate at times and
become dim at times. When it dims, he will remain
still, and when it illuminates, he will stand to
proceed.

“The Lord of all that exists will be in front of

them, thus they will pass over the fire and the
bridge will be slippery and sharper than a sword.
They will pass over the bridge according to their
light. Some will pass like the blinking of an eye,
while some will pass like lightning; some will pass
like the clouds, some will pass like the falling star,
while some will pass like the wind; some will pass
like the racehorse, while some will pass like the

Surah al-Qalam (68:43)

13 | P a g e
SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAAH BIN TJTHMAAN
ADH-DHAMAARI

fast traveler; until the last of them will be the man

who was given light in his big toe.

“He will walk at times and he will stop at times.

And he will crawl on his face, his hands and his
feet. He will attach his feet to the bridge and his
feet will slip, and he will attach his hands and his
hands will slip, and his sides will be burnt by the
fire. When he is saved—after great difficulty—he
will stop and look back at it (the Fire) and he will
say, ‘All praises belong to the One who saved me
from you after I saw you and He has given me
what He has not given to anyone from His
creation.’”

We will complete the rest of the narration at the end of the

discussion, by the help of Allah.

This is a tremendous hadlth, and this hadlth has been

authenticated by Imam al-Albanl, and Hamdl as-Salafi
graded it Sahlh in the ninth volume of Mu’jam at-
Tabaraanee, may Allah write his reward. So, it is a
tremendous hadlth. Along with the authenticity of its chain,
its wordings resemble that which is within the two Sahlh
[i.e. Bukhari and Muslim] from the hadlth narrated therein:

The Prophet () said,

“Allah will gather the first and the last (of the
creation) for the appointed Meeting for the known
Day.”

14 | P a g e
 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

This gathering will take place on the Day of Judgment as

our Lord says in His Noble Book:

{QtP
“Say (O Muhammad): (Yes) verily, those of old,
and those of later times. All will surely be
gathered together for the appointed Meeting of a
known Day.” [Surah al-Waqia’h (56):49-50]

And as our Lord says in His Noble Book:

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“Indeed, in that (there) is a sure lesson for those
who fear the torment of the Hereafter. That is a
Day whereon mankind will be gathered together,
and that is a Day when all (the dwellers of the
heavens and the earth) will be present. And We
delay it only for a term (already) fixed.” [Surah
Hud (11): 103-104]

15 | P a g e
SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAAH BIN TJTHMAAN
ADH-DHAMAARI

Thus, the Most Merciful will gather the first and last of the
creation. They will rise from their graves as a single rising.
After they exit from their graves, they will proceed to the
land of gathering. This land which the Prophet
has informed us of has come in the narration of Sahl ibn
He said, “The Messenger of Allah
said:

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‘The people will be assembled on the Day of

Resurrection on a white plain with a reddish tinge
like the loaf of white bread, with no marks set up
for anyone. 5 »2

And in another narration, it states:

“That land will have no landmarks for anybody

(to make use of).”3

Thus, the Most Merciful will gather the creation on that day
and the creation will stand in front of Allah. It is mentioned
in this hadlth:

2 Collected by Muslim 2790

3 Collected by al-Bukhari 6521
16 | P a g e
 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

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“Allah will gather the first and the last (of the
creation) for the appointed Meeting for the known
Day—standing for forty years.”

Forty years! This standing in which the bodies will not

move, the feet will not turn, and the people will not move
from their places except as Allah wills. They will be
standing upon their feet on the day the people stand for the
Lord of all that exists. This is the standing which the Lord
of all that exists has informed us about. For this reason, the
Prophet said ‘forty years.’ Forty years, this is a
long period to stand!

The people of disobedience and sins will desire to move

even if their moving is to the Fire. The disbelievers will
desire to depart from this standing due to the severe
hardship, the severe glare of the sun and heat which will
afflict them, and the severe sweating from their bodies
which they will be immersed in. The sweat will pour from
their packed and crowded bodies, due to the severe
hardship and enormous number of people, and their eyes
will be swollen. Likewise, the sun will be brought close to

17 | P a g e
SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAAH BIN UTHMAAN
ADH-DHAMAARI

the people until it is only one mile4 from the heads of the
creation; this will make the standing unyielding.

Forty years, during this time they will be standing! And

their eyes will be fixed towards the sky. The Prophet
(££%$%$}£) said:

“Their eyes will be fixed, staring at the sky.”5

Meaning they will not look to the right or to the left. Our
Lord says in His Noble Book:

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“Consider not that Allah is unaware of that which

the wrong-doers do, but He gives them respite up
to a Day when the eyes will stare in horror. (They
will be) hastening forward with necks
outstretched, their heads raised up (towards the

4 Shaykh ‘Uthaymeen stated in his explanation of Riyad as-Saliheen

that the scholars differ concerning the word meel. Some say it means
the mile, referring to a measurement of travel, while others say it refers
to the stick used to apply eyeliner.
5 From the hadith of Abu Huraira collected in Ma’arij al-Qubool

18 | P a g e
 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

sky), their gaze returning not towards them and

their hearts empty (from thinking because of
extreme fear).”6

Meaning their eyes will remain fixed towards the sky, they
will not drop their glance nor look to the right or the left;
rather, their glance will be fixed towards the heavens. They
will be awaiting the judgment of Allah upon them. The
Judge upon the creation on the Day of Standing is Allah.

This standing will turn the people grey-haired from the

terror that day. A standing which history has never seen,
and man has never written about. And how could this not
be the case when everyone created, from Adam
until the Day of Judgment, will stand?
The jinn will stand, and the humans will stand, even the
beasts of prey, the cattle, animals, birds, and insects will
stand; all of the creation will stand. Our Lord says in His
Noble Book:

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“And there is no creature on (or within) the earth

or bird that flies with its wings except (that they
are) communities like you. We have neglected

6 Surah Ibrahim (14:42-43)

19 | P a g e
SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAAH BIN TJTHMAAN
ADH-DHAMAARI

nothing in the Book, then unto their Lord they

(all) shall be gathered.” [Surah al- 'Anam (6):38]

All of them will be resurrected and all of them will be

gathered. Even the angels of the seven heavens and the
angels of the earths, they will stand behind the creation in
rows, circling them. Our Lord says in His Noble Book:

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“The Day that ar-Ruh (Jibreel) and the angels will

stand forth in rows, none shall speak except him
whom the Most Beneficent (Allah) allows, and he
will speak what is right.” [Surah an-Naba (78):38]

And our Lord says in His Noble Book:

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“And your Lord comes with the angels in rows.”
[Surah al-Fajr (89):22]

And our Lord says in His Noble Book:

20 | P a g e
 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

“Do they then wait for anything other than that

Allah should come to them in the shadows of the
clouds and the angels? (Then) the case would be
already judged. And to Allah return all matters
(for decision).” [Surah al-Baqarah (2):210]

And our Lord says in His Noble Book:

f£\ «* 3*2 >

“And (remember) the Day when the heaven shall
be rent asunder with clouds, and the angels will be
sent down, with a grand descending.” [Surah al-
Furqan (25):25]

Consequently, all the angels will be present and witness

this gathering. So, everyone will be present, and everyone
will be awaiting the Judgment. The Most Merciful will look
at His creation as they have gathered. He will look at all of
them. They will all be present, and no one will be left
behind.

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“It will be but a single blast, so behold! They will

all be brought up before Us!” [Surah Yasin (36):53]

21 | P a g e
SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAAH BIN OJTHMAAN
ADH-DHAMAARI

Everyone will be present; thus, the humans will stand, and

the angels will stand. All of them will drop their heads
while their gaze will be fixed toward the heavens. The
Most Merciful will descend for the Judgment. Everyone’s
heart will be filled with terror and horror, and their hearts
will be in their throats.

“And warn them (O Muhammad) of the Day that

is drawing near (i.e. the Day of Resurrection),
when the hearts will be choking the throats, and
they can neither return them (hearts) to their
chests nor can they throw them out.” [Surah
Ghafir (40): 18]

As a result of the severe fear, their eyes will be fixed; no

one will look towards another. During this long standing,
the Most Merciful will descend from His Throne, coming
into plain view for His creation.

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“And your Lord comes with the angels in rows.”
[Surah Fajr (89):22]

22 | P a g e
 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

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“Do they then wait for anything other than that
Allah should come to them in the shadows of the
clouds and the angels? (Then) the case would be
already judged. And to Allah return all matters
(for decision).” [Surah al-Baqarah (2):210]

The Prophet said,

“Allah Qjc^p) will descend in the shadows of the

clouds, from above the Throne to the Footstool.”

The descending of the Most Merciful is in a manner which

is befitting to His Majesty and His Greatness. He will
descend to decide the matter of His creation. As Allah says:

“And your Lord comes with the angels in rows;

and Hell will be brought near that Day.” [Surah
al-Fajr (89):22-23]

In this place, after a long standing, Allah will command a

caller to speak:

“And a caller will call out, ‘O mankind, would it

please you that your Lord, the One who created

23 | P a g e
SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAAH BIN OTHMAAN
ADH-DHAMAARI

you, provided for you, and commanded you to

worship none but Him and to not associate any
partners with Him, would judge that each of you
should follow that which he used to follow in the
world, and that which he used to worship in the
world? Is this not a just ruling from your Lord?’
Thus, all of them will respond, ‘Certainly.’”

Meaning, this is from justice. At this time Allah will say,

“Let every nation follow what they used to worship.” And
the likenesses of their gods they used to worship in the
world will appear. Those who used to worship the sun,
those who worshipped the moon, those who worshipped
idols of stone and the like; every nation shall follow what
they used to worship.

It is mentioned in another authentic narration7 that when

every nation follows what they used to worship; they will
fall into the Fire. All of them will fall into the Fire. For
those who worshiped Jesus, the devil of Jesus (his
companion from the Jinn) will be given the image of Jesus
so they can follow him into the Fire. And for those who
worshiped ‘Uzayr, the devil of ‘Uzayr (his companion from
the Jinn) will be given the image of ‘Uzayr. Thus, the
Christians and the Jews will join their objects of worship
and they will fall into the Fire. Look at their condition!

Muhammad and his ummah will remain.

Amongst them will be sinners and hypocrites, as it comes

7 Collected by al-Bukhari 4624

24 | P a g e
 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

in the hadith of Abu Sa’eed and the hadith of Abu Huraira.

Muhammad and his ummah will remain,
meaning those who used to worship Allah from the
Muslims. The Muslims will remain and the Lord of all that
exists will come to them.

He will say to them, “Why do you not proceed as the

people have proceeded?” They will respond, “We have a
deity we have yet to see.” Meaning, until now we still have
not seen Him. So, He will say to them, “If He comes to you
will you know Him?” They will respond, “Yes, between
Him and us is a sign, if we see it, we will recognize Him.”
He will say, “And what is the sign?” They will respond,
“He will reveal His Shin.” And this is the meaning of the
statement of Allah the Exalted:

“(Remember) the Day when the Shin shall be

uncovered.” [Surah al-Qalam (68):42]

And it has been collected in al-Bukharl8 that the Prophet

said in a long narration, “There shall remain
this ummah along with its hypocrites, and a few from the
People of the Book.” This means a few People of the Book
from the Jews and Christians. It will be said to the
Christians:

Collected by al-Bukhari 4624

25 | P a g e
SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAAH BIN UTHMAAN
ADH-DHAMAARI

iUr ijjLi
r 0-“

U , (LJ-Jli' f-U jLLLS.^I jJl

•■pj ^ 3 ,■
O-f iii UJ\

“‘Who did you used to worship?’ They will

respond, ‘We used to worship the Messiah, the son
of Allah.’ It will be said to them, ‘You have lied.
Allah has never taken anyone as a wife or a son.
What do you desire now?’”

I 1 5 H % \Jjj LLJLL-e IjJLJJ

“They will say, ‘We are thirsty our Lord, give us

something to drink.’”

[They will say] we have only one request: that you give us
something to drink, because we are suffering from severe
thirst. It will be said to them:

14-tr jLU' A OjuJLAIj , bJA t

K • " > l 0 -
dj- & iLl * ) U uO « ) f—n-,

. JdJL)\

“‘Will you drink?’ Whereupon they will be

gathered unto the Hellfire, which will look like a
mirage whose different sides will be destroying
each other. Then they will fall into the fire.”

26 | P a g e
 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

And it will be said to the Jews:

> >
LL5 UJ IjJLj c
r
iiii UJi l; :\ Cl_f jLU JLaJJ , -il

. pj % 5 \—I?

*■ > *

jLi4i o iu
>10^
/»■ a
xj , ^
<r
LL ^±ji ji
•J l_LJ\ ^ QjJLsi i £: \ i ^ li * • -

“‘Who did you use to worship?’ They will say,

‘We used to worship ‘Uzayr, the son of Allah.’ It
will be said to them, ‘You have lied, for Allah has
never taken anyone as a wife or a son. What do
you want now?’ They will say, ‘O our Lord! We
are thirsty, so give us something to drink.’ They
will be directed and addressed thus, ‘Will you
drink?’ Whereupon they will be gathered unto the
Hellfire which will look like a mirage whose
different sides will be destroying each other. Then
they will fall into the Fire.”

Due to its unrelenting heat, parts of the fire will consume

its other parts.

There will remain the Muslims, along with the hypocrites.

Here Allah will say to them, as it appears in SahTh al-
BukharT, “Why do you not follow the people?” They will

27 | P a g e
SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAAH BIN TJTHMAAN
ADH-DHAMAARI

respond, “We left the people in the world when we were in

great need of them.” It will be said to them, “What are you
waiting for?” They will respond, “We are waiting for our
Lord.” Thus, Allah will say to them, “I am your Lord.” And
He will come to them in an image they will not recognize.
Consequently, they will say, “We seek refuge in Allah from
You, we do not associate any partners with Allah.” He will
say to them, “Is there a sign between you and Him?” They
will respond, “Yes.” Thus, the Most Merciful will uncover
His Shin, and all of them will prostrate. Everyone who used
to prostrate to Allah the Exalted in the world to show off
will try to prostrate, but their backs will become one solid
bone, thus they will fall on their backs and not be able to
prostrate. And in this narration, it states:

“Therefore, the Most Merciful will reveal His Shin and

they will recognize Him, so all of them who see it will fall
prostrate. While there will remain a people whose backs
will be like the horns of cattle; they will desire to prostrate
but will not be able to do so. They used to be called to
prostrate (offer prayers), while they were healthy and good
(in the life of the world, but they did not).”

After they prostrate, Allah will say to them, “Raise your

heads.” So, they will raise their heads. Each of them shall
be given his light according to his actions. Some of them
will be given light the like of a great mountain, which will
proceed in front of him, while some of them will be given a
light less than that. Some of them will be given a light the
like of a date tree in his right hand, while some of them will

28 | P a g e
 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

be given a light less than that. Such that the last of them
will be a man given a light in his big toe; it will illuminate
at times and become dim at times.

Look at this great situation. And this affair has been

clarified in other narrations, in al-Bukharl and other books
of hacfith.

After the Muslims prostrate to the Lord of all that exists,

Allah will order the Sirat to be laid out, thus the Sirat will
be placed. The Sirat, O brothers, is a bridge over the middle
of the Hellfire. It will be placed over the Fire, extending
from one shore of the Fire, which will be the land on which
the Judgment took place, to the other shore of the Fire,
which will be in the direction of Paradise. This is the
bridge. The Prophet commented on this bridge
when he was asked, “Where will the people be when the
earth is changed into another earth, and the heavens as
well?”

He said, “In darkness, at the bridge.” And in another

narration, it states, “They will be on the bridge of the Fire.”

It has come in a narration that the bridge is thinner than a

hair. Abu Sa’eed al-KhudrT said concerning this bridge, “It
is thinner than a hair and sharper than the blade of a
sword.”

Some of the scholars have said its length is the journey of

3,000 years ascending, and 3,000 years level, and 3,000
years descending. And you can understand that it is like

29 | P a g e
SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAAH BIN OTHMAAN
ADH-DHAMAARI

this, because it is from one shore of the Fire to the other:

from one flank of the Fire to the other. And how many
billions of people will the Hellfire contain?! Each of the
disbelievers will individually become such a size that
between their shoulder blades will be the distance of three
days travel. The seating area in the Fire is the distance
between Makkah and Madinah, 450 kilometers. This is the
seating area for one person in the Fire. This is proof of the
vastness of the Fire, and it is surely vast.

There is no path for the Muslims to reach Paradise except

by way of this bridge. This bridge will be dark, and the
person will not be able to see himself, extreme darkness.
Here the light will be given out. This is the light which
Allah speaks about in His Noble Book:

“On the Day you shall see the believing men and
the believing women, their light running forward
before them and by their right hands. Glad tidings
for you this Day!” [Surah al-Hadid(51):\2]

Therefore, the Messenger explained that Allah will give the

Muslims their light according to their actions. Some of
them will be given light the like of a great mountain, which
will proceed in front of them, while some of them will be
given a light less than that. Some of them will be given a
30 | P a g e
 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

light the like of a date tree in his right hand, while some of
them will be given a light less than that.

This divine distribution will continue such that the last of

them will be given his light in his big toe; it will be dim at
times and it will illuminate at times. The people will cross
the bridge according to their actions, according to the light
they are given. Thus, the greater the light the faster they
will be able to move, by Allah’s permission. Thus, O noble
Muslim, if you desire a complete light, preserve your
prayers during their fixed times in the houses of Allah. It
has been collected by Abu Dawood and at-Tirmidhee from
the hadith of Buraydah that the Messenger of
Allah said:

l '
Jl
^14-p }\±}\
“Give good tidings to those who walk to the
mosques in darkness of having a perfect light on
the Day of Judgment.”9

This is the Day, and this is the light and this is the journey.
This will be the most difficult and most severe journey in
the life of the Muslims. Whoever crosses the bridge will be
saved, and whoever falls off, then woe is to him. And only
the Muslims will cross the Sirat; the disbelievers will fall

9 Collected by Abu Dawood 561

31 | P a g e
SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAAH BIN UTHMAAN
ADH-DHAMAARI

into the Fire before the bridge is laid. As for the bridge,
then none will cross it except for the Muslims.

Despite this, the number of those who will fall into the Fire
is more than those who will be saved. Sins and
transgression will cause the people to fall into the Fire from
the bridge over the Hellfire. For this reason, the Prophet
() said when noting that the Sirat will be laid over
the Fire, “Do you know what the Sirat is? The Sirat is a
slippery bridge.”

Meaning, the feet will slip off the bridge. Upon this bridge
will be hooks like the thorns of as-Sa’daan. The Prophet
said:

(Liij \J\ , gVx; i )i j_L. d-JiS 3

: JU .;Ull '-i IjJLi ? ; 1 \\
N , o'i; 1 w \4i1i

“And over that bridge there will be hooks similar

to the thorns of as-Sa’daan (a thorny tree). Didn't
you see the thorns of as-Sa'daan?” The
Companions said, “Yes, O Messenger of Allah.”
He added, “So the hooks over that bridge will be

32 | P a g e
 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

like the thorns of as-Sa’daan except that their

greatness in size is only known to Allah.”10

No one knows the greatness of these hooks which will be

placed on the bridge for those who cross it. And these
hooks are the sins. The sins will be changed into hooks on
the bridge over the Fire. For some of the people, these sins
will be changed into hooks, and thus cut and injure them.
Some of them will be snatched by the hooks and thrown
into the Fire. And refuge is sought with Allah. And some of
the people will cross over by the command of Allah.

The Prophet said:

- T
^ f-H &
•A±J' ^ o&IJ-SJl
“The people will be placed on the bridge on the
Day of Judgment, thus the two sides of the bridge
will push them into each other like moths being
pushed into the Fire. 5511

This pushing will cause them to be flung into the Fire on

top of each other. These Muslims, what causes them to be
pushed into the Fire? Interest and usury, fornication,
alcohol and intoxicants, lying, disrespecting the parents,

10 Collected by al-Bukhan 6573

11 Collected in as-Sunnah by Ibn Abi ‘Aasim

33 | P a g e
SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAAH BIN TJTHMAAN
ADH-DHAMAARI

heedlessness towards the prayer, oppression, ruling by

other than what Allah sent down, bribery, deception,
betrayal, violating the wealth of the people, violating the
honor of the people, shedding the blood of the people; all
types of sins will be the cause of this enormous number of
those who fall into the Fire. Thus [for] most of the
believers, their lights will shine in front of them and to the
right of them by the permission of Allah, the Lord of all
that exists. The Prophet (£]£%£%$$) said:
> £
r>: >
- i dr-* Jjl ui
_aIIjlJI

“I will be the first to cross over the bridge on the

Day of Judgment.”12

The first to cross the bridge will be Muhammad

and his ummah. And the Prophet
said no one will speak that day except for the Messengers
and that day the Messengers will say:

jLi-i jJLl 46

“Our Lord, safety; our Lord, safety.”13

This enormous number of people will proceed forward

looking at this bridge; how long is this bridge! And they

12 Collected by al-Bukhan 6573

13 Collected by al-Bukhari 6573
34 | P a g e
 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

will look at the Fire; how vast is the Fire! All of them will
be terrified; all of them will be in fear because he knows if
his foot slips he will fall into the Fire. The Most Merciful
will place severe darkness over the bridge of the Fire. This
large group will come forward, those with lights like
mountains, so they will cross like the blinking of an eye by
the permission of Allah. The Prophet ) said:

“Some will pass like the blinking of an eye, while

some will pass like lightning; some will pass like
the clouds, some will pass like the shooting star,
while some will pass like the wind; some will pass
like the racehorse, while some will pass like the
fast traveler; until the last of them will be the man
who was given light in his big toe. He will walk at
times and he will stop at times. And he will crawl
on his face, his hands and his feet. He will attach
his feet to the bridge and his feet will slip, and he
will attach his hands and his hands will slip, and
his sides will be burnt by the Fire. When he is
saved—after great difficulty—he will stop and
look back at it (the Fire) and he will say, ‘All
praises belong to the One who saved me from you
after I had seen you, and He has given me what
He has not given to anyone from His creation. 9 99

£?J ‘Sr1! J JJcJ AjJO v_A) -UC* Jl 4j

jj Ji_yL3 O'* O^ J-*1

35 | P a g e
SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAAH BIN TJTHMAAN
ADH-DHAMAARI

•*4 Vj

“After this he will proceed to a pond at the door of

Paradise and he will be bathed in it; consequently,
he will be given the fragrance of the people of
Paradise and their complexion. He will see
Paradise from its door, thus he will say, ‘O my
Lord, enter me into paradise.’ He (Allah) will
respond, ‘Do you ask for paradise and I have just
saved you from the Fire?’ He will say, ‘O my
Lord, place between me and it (the Fire) a barrier
so I do not hear its moans.’ ”14

U a) j\ {£jjj <uJ-! Jo-us Jli

o) dll*J a) JVj Jyh* (do- aJJ A-i

N JjjJLi oj^C- AScLJaC-l

.a1jAj3 alia*** AJL*

“Therefore, he will enter Paradise and he will see

in front of it a castle as though what is in it is only
a dream to him. He will say, ‘O my Lord, give me
that castle.’ He (Allah) will respond, ‘Perhaps if I
give it to you, you will ask for something else.’ He

14 This hadith has been declared authentic by Shaykh al-Albani in

Saheeh Targheeb wa Tarhib 3704

36 | P a g e
 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

will say, ‘No, by Your Might, I will not ask You

for anything else, and what castle could be better
than this.5 So he will be given the castle.”

(Jli aJJ. yb b* <jlS" ^

<j} <JA1a13 a! JIajj i5jLo Alii (J^A-s3 JyAI <illi

AJL* ^-rO lj o^C-

.aJj^^S oliaA.3

“He will see in front of that home another home as

though what is in it is only a dream to him. He will
say, ‘O my Lord, give me that home.5 Allah, the
Blessed and Exalted, will respond to him,
‘Perhaps if I give it to you, you will ask for
something else.5 He will say, ‘No, by Your Might
O Lord, and what home could be better than it!5
So, he will be given that home.”

_'Jj 1—yL*3 ^ till I-* ./i p_)

dbJL

(iLJaC-1 <jl

o^aJI 1—d-o^ a^Ia^I S

.a)^5 iljbj -^11 tilj>oia^d

37 | P a g e
SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAAH BIN TJTHMAAN
ADH-DHAMAARI

“Then the man will remain silent. Allah will say to

him, ‘Why are you not asking of Me?’ He will
respond, ‘O my Lord, I asked You to the extent
that I have become shy, and I swore to You such
that I have become shy.’ Allah the Exalted will say
to him, ‘Would it please you that I should give you
the like of the world, since I created it until the
day I destroyed it, times ten?5 The man will
respond, ‘Do you mock me while You are the
Lord of Might?’ Thus, the Lord, the Blessed and
Exalted, will smile from his statement.”
i *
ijjfc y* IU* jlj lij ijw y> *6±\ c-olj3 JlS

jJ . . LI L : a) JUi

d)^AI I -XJb US' 1^1jA 1 l-XJb i

I AAi I tjl : JUs

ciojJ-l \jjb ya jUU \JJb US' IjljA viojJ-l Ijjb

*
•A—11yvbl j-Lo

The narrator said:

“When Ibn Mas’ood reached this point of the

narration, I saw him smile. A man said to him, ‘O
‘Abdur-Rahman, I have heard you mention this
narration several times, and each time you reach
this point you smile!’ Ibn Mas’ood responded, ‘I
heard this narration from the Messenger of Allah
38 | P a g e
 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

several times and he would smile when

he reached this point such that his molars would
become visible.’”

&& J4- 4$'

<3^ :4>43 J.>44
“Allah will say to him, ‘No, I am not mocking you,
but I have the ability to do that, so ask of Me
[what you will].’ The man will respond, ‘O my
Lord, join me with the people.’ So, He (Allah) will
respond, ‘Go join the people.’”

And this is proof that at this point he is only in the outskirts

of Paradise and he has not yet entered amongst the people.

^ Cr° ^ s? 3^^
Colj (Jltil] L* ^3^ a] (_]Lfl->3

y* yb Ljl JliLi (Jj J j]

“Thus, he will proceed to Paradise until he comes

close to the people; a castle from pearls will rise
for him, and he will bow down prostrating. It will
be said to him, ‘Raise your head, what is with
you?’ He will respond, ‘I saw my Lord,’ or he will
say, ‘My Lord was shown to me.’ It will be said to
him, ‘This is only one of your homes.’”

39 | P a g e
SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAAH BIN TJTHMAAN
ADH-DHAMAARI

[Meaning] that which you prostrated to when you saw its

light, this was one of your castles.

Oolj (JA.A a! a! p_) JVs

^yA Oj^>* J_yu3 iJ)Xa

• A^Lc- \jl ^C' 1 0ll -A_> yA

“So, he will stand and proceed. As he is

proceeding, he will encounter a man and thus
begin to bow to him and it will be said to him,
‘Stop!’ He will respond, ‘I thought you were an
angel.’ He will say to him, ‘Verily I am only one of
your servants. You have one thousand butlers like
me at your service.’”

This servant is not like the servants’ people use in this

world, rather they are the servants our Lord speaks about in
His Noble Book:

y ©^ y£*
“They will be served by immortal boys, with cups,
jugs, and a glass from the flowing wine.” [Surah
al-Waqia’h (56): 17-18]

And as our Lord says in His Noble Book:

40 | P a g e
 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

< © i& m fZr&wtz vs,

“And round about them will (serve) boys of
everlasting youth. If you see them, you would
think them scattered pearls.” [Surah al-Insan
(76): 19]

He will proceed, this person who will be the last to enter

Paradise after crossing the bridge.

AijJt>j Jli jyCtJL11 a! A*«b>\

oj&y>- aJlJiX^

\j\j f-\Alla*,*

j£* JC

pIjj <j-* Oj*-c—^ p^c' a\j^

<j ^jC\ \b\ o-uSj asT^ Ujjf

a] JIjL^S t—3^JLaJ ^—3^ a] (_J\jLj3 A^C-

.ilJy^2J oJJlo ^lc» AjL® 0

“He will proceed forward until a castle is opened

for him. It will be from one hollow pearl: its
ceiling, its doors, its locks, and its keys. Facing
him will be green jewels lined with red. It will

41 | P a g e
SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAAH BIN TJTHMAAN
ADH-DHAMAARI

contain seventy doors; each door leads to green

jewels and those jewels lead to jewels of a different
color. Each jewel contains beds and wives; the
least of them [in beauty] will wear seventy
garments and the marrow of her calves can be
seen from beneath her clothes. Her liver will be a
mirror for him and his liver a mirror for her.
When he looks at her, she will increase seventy
times.”

Meaning, her beauty will increase each time he looks away

and then looks at her again; he will find she is seventy
times more beautiful than she was before. And his beauty
will increase each time she looks away from him. He will
say to her, ‘By Allah, you have increased seventy times.’
And this is merely by him glancing at her or her glancing at
him, both of their beauties will be renewed by the
command of Allah.

“It will be said to him, ‘Look down,5 so he will

look down. It will be said to him, ‘Your kingdom
is the distance of 100 years as far as your eye can
see.5”

Meaning, he will be able to see his entire kingdom from

one edge to the other. And this is for the one whom Allah
has given the least in Paradise, as you have heard.

This narration has many narrations similar to it, such as the

narration found in al-Bukharl and Muslim from the hacfith

42 | P a g e
 CROSSING THE BRIDGE OVER THE FIRE

of Ibn Mas’ood He said the Messenger of Allah

(;«S^5)said,

“Verily I know the last person to enter Paradise

and the last of those to enter the Fire. He is a man
who will exit the Fire and it will be said to him,
‘Go and enter Paradise.’ He will say, ‘How can I
enter? My Lord, I found it full.’ Allah will say to
him, ‘Go and enter Paradise.’ So, he will go to it
and it will appear full, so he will say, ‘My Lord, I
found it full.’ He will respond, ‘Enter Paradise,
and verily I have prepared for you the like of the
world times ten.’”

Like this it was said by the Messenger; look, 0 noble

brothers, shouldn’t this be an encouragement for every
believer to strive in his worship so he can reach this great
kingdom?!

“And when you look there (in Paradise), you will

see a delight (that cannot be imagined), and a
great dominion.” [Surah al-Insan (76):20]

This woman, from the Hur (.al-‘Ain), the Messenger

clarified that her liver is a mirror for her husband and the
liver of her husband is a mirror for her; and that the marrow
of her shin can be seen from beneath seventy garments; and
that when her husband glances at her, she will increase

43 | P a g e
SHAYKH ‘ABDULLAAH BIN TJTHMAAN
ADH-DHAMAARI

seventy times in beauty. Thus, O brothers in faith and

Islam, strive in righteous actions, seeking this Paradise, for
Paradise is not for the lazy and Paradise is not for the
sluggish and Paradise is not for the disbelievers. Paradise is
for the believers, those who strive for its price.

<0)1 a-JLJl-4-i
-
ol Nl <4—LJ\_p
- " 4»i llL? b\ St
4
-

“Verily the commodity of Allah is expensive, and

verily the commodity of Allah is Paradise. 5515

We ask Allah to make us and you from the inhabitants of

Paradise, verily He is the Most Merciful of those who show
mercy.

15 Collected by at-Tirmidhee 2450

44 | P a g e
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
 Bild 53–57. Sporenträger verschiedener
Schimmelarten.
(Originalzeichnung von Dr. Schnegg in
Weihenstephan.)
I. Traubenschimmel (Botrytis), II. Pinselschimmel
(Penicillium), III. Kopfschimmel
(Mucor), IV. Kolbenschimmel (Aspergillus), V.
Tännchenschimmel (Thamnidium).
 Auch die für die Veredelung des Tabaks unbedingt notwendige
Fermentation der nach der Trocknung auf einen Haufen
zusammengepackten Tabakblätter wird durch mehrere
hintereinander arbeitende Bakterien, die man isoliert hat, bewirkt.
Dabei steigt die Temperatur auf 50°C und mehr und stellt sich in
einem feuchten Klima das „Schwitzen“ ein, das aber in einem
trockenen unterbleibt. Dabei wird im Haufen zuerst der Sauerstoff
verbraucht, es verschwinden der lösliche Zucker und einige
Eiweißspaltprodukte, vor allem das Asparagin. Durch chemische
Umsetzungen verschwindet dann bei Sauerstoffabschluß auch ein
Teil — etwa 30 Prozent — des giftigen Nikotins und entwickeln sich
außer Buttersäure (nicht aber Milchsäure) die chemisch noch völlig
unbekannten Aromastoffe. Auf die Hauptfermentation folgt teils vor,
teils erst nach der Verpackung des Tabaks in Fässer eine langsame
Nachgärung, zu deren Einleitung er häufig durch Besprengen mit
zuckerhaltigen Saucen vorbereitet wird. Auch der Schnupftabak wird
vergoren, wobei die Temperatur so hoch steigt, daß die meisten
Mikroben darin absterben. Die dabei stattfindenden chemischen
Umsetzungen sind ebensowenig bekannt als diejenigen bei der
Reifung des Kautabaks, bei welcher ebenfalls Mikroben tätig sind.
Ganz ungeheuer wichtig sind die Umsetzungen zahlloser
Mikroorganismen bei den verschiedensten Prozessen der
Landwirtschaft. Der lockere Boden ist bis ziemlich tief hinab mit
unvorstellbaren Mengen der verschiedensten Bakterien erfüllt, die
sehr zahlreiche Umsetzungen bewirken, wodurch den höheren
Pflanzen erst die Existenz ermöglicht wird. Aus Ammoniak und
Ammoniumsalzen oxydieren die durch die Ausbildung von
herumschwärmenden beweglichen Keimen charakterisierten
Nitrosomonaden Nitrite oder salpetrigsaure Salze, die von den
unbeweglichen Nitromonaden weiter mit Sauerstoff zu Nitraten oder
salpetersauren Salzen verbunden werden, die dann den Pflanzen als
Stickstoffquelle dienen. Alle in den Boden gelangenden organischen
Substanzen, seien es Ausscheidungen oder Leichen von Tieren und
Pflanzen, werden von den verschiedensten Bakterien immer weiter
gespalten und schließlich in einfache Verbindungen aufgelöst, die
dann von den Pflanzen als ihre Nahrung aufgenommen zu werden
vermögen. Neben solchen, die die Umsetzungen des Stickstoffs
besorgen, haben wir welche, die den Hauptanteil am Zerfall der
Kohlenstoffverbindungen haben und dahin arbeiten, daß die
Kohlensäure wieder in den Kreislauf der Natur zurückgegeben wird.
Gleichzeitig werden bei diesen Zerfallprozessen die wertvollen
Aschenbestandteile, die fest in der organischen Materie gebunden
sind, herausgelöst und dadurch als Nährsalze für die Pflanzen
verfügbar.
Manche Bakterien, wie beispielsweise das mit den
Buttersäurebazillen verwandte Clostridium pasteurianum, das für
gewöhnlich anaerob, d. h. ohne des Sauerstoffs der Luft zu
bedürfen, lebt, aber auch bei Gegenwart von sauerstoffliebenden
Bakterien bei Anwesenheit von Luft fortkommt, assimilieren den
freien Stickstoff der Luft und führen ihn in lösliche Verbindungen
über. Diese Eigenschaft, die für die Pflanzenwelt mit ihren
beschränkten Stickstoffquellen von der größten Bedeutung ist,
kommt auch den Fadenpilzen zu, die sich mit grünen Algenzellen zu
Flechten vergesellschaften, wie auch den in den Wurzeln der
Leguminosen oder Schmetterlingsblütler in Symbiose mit diesen
lebenden Knöllchenbakterien. Es kann hier nicht der Ort sein, auf die
komplizierten, sich gegenseitig in die Arme arbeitenden
Vereinigungen der winzigsten, dem gewöhnlichen Auge vollkommen
unsichtbaren Lebewesen miteinander und mit den höheren Pflanzen
einzugehen. Ich habe dies an anderer Stelle getan und verweise die
sich dafür Interessierenden auf den achten Abschnitt des früher von
mir erschienenen Buches: D a s L e b e n d e r E r d e,[3] in welchem
im achten Abschnitte, betitelt Pflanzengenossenschaften, von Seite
561–586 diese wichtigen Symbiosen und ihre Bedeutung für den
Kreislauf des Stoffes in der Natur eingehend besprochen wurden.

[3] Es ist dies der zweite Band der in demselben Verlage

erschienenen vierbändigen gemeinverständlichen
Entwicklungsgeschichte des Naturganzen nach den neuesten
Forschungsergebnissen: Vom Nebelfleck zum
M e n s c h e n, betitelt: D a s L e b e n d e r E r d e, mit 380
Abbildungen und 21 Vollbildern, München 1908.
 Sachregister.
Abella 76.
Acajoubaum 214.
Achras sapota 213.
Adansonia digitata 205.
Affenbrotbaum 205.
Agave americana 637.
Aggurmelone 336.
Akeebaum 208.
Allium cepa etc. 320.
Amygdalus communis 116.
Ananas 210.
Andropogon sorghum 44, 439.
— saccharatus 47, 439.
Anis 551.
Anona squamosa 215.
Apfel 72.
Aprikose 110.
Araucaria imbricata 235.
Areca catechu 178.
Arekapalme 178.
Arenga saccharifera 185.
Arrowroot 355.
Artemisia absinthium etc. 544.
Artischocke 330.
Artocarpus incisa 201.
— integrifolia 204.
Asparagus 326.
Assaipalme 187.
Avena sativa 37.

Backsteintee 482.
Bakterien 730.
Banane 191.
Batate 360.
Baum der Reisenden 198.
Baumwollöl 417.
Bergamotte 253.
Beta vulgaris 294.
Betelnüsse 179.
Betelpfeffer 532.
Bier 598, 686.
Bierhefe 686.
Binkelweizen 20.
Birne 80.
Blumenkohl 304.
Bohne 271.
Bohnenkönig 280.
Bordighera 163.
Branntwein 712.
Brassica oleracea 296.
Breiapfelbaum 213.
Brennessel 304.
Brotbereitung 691.
Brotfruchtbaum 201.
Buchweizen 49.
Butyrospermum parkii 404.

Cannabis indica 647.

Caryophyllus aromaticus 588.
Cassave 357.
Castanea esculenta 217.
Ceratonia siliqua 231.
Ceroxylon 427.
Chamaerops humilis 155.
Champignon 392.
Cicer arietinum 263.
Cinnamomum ceylanicum 565.
Citrullus vulgaris 339.
Citrus aurantium 251.
— bergamea 253.
— decumana 239.
— medica 246.
— nobilis 254.
Cocos nucifera 167.
Coffea arabica 465.
Cohunepalme 186.
Cola acuminata 206.
Colocasia 368.
Copernicia cerifera 428.
Cornus mas 100.
Corylus avellana 228.
Crocus sativus 537.
Cubebenpfeffer 531.
Cucumis chate 336.
— melo 337.
— sativus 334.
Cucurbita pepo 345.
Curcuma longa 555.
Cydonia vulgaris 91.

Dattelpalme 156.
— wilde 166.
Daucus carota 288.
Demeter 32.
Dill 550.
Dinkelweizen 21.
Dioscorea 363.
Diospyros 209.
Dumpalme 190.
Durian 205.

Eberesche 98.
Eibisch 285.
Eichel 216.
Einkorn 21, 24.
Elaeis guineensis 172.
Elatteria cardamomum 554.
Eleusine coracana 48.
Emmer 26, 24.
Endivie 310.
Erderbse 414.
Eriobotrya japonica 98.
Ervum lens 269.
Essig 716.

Fagopyrum esculentum 49.

Fahantee 499.
Faulbrand 15.
Feigenbaum 129.
Feigenkaktus 639.
Feigenwespe 137.
Fenchel 549.
Fettbaum 408.
Ficus carica 129.
— sycomorus 140.
Fisole 279.
Flaschenkürbis 342.
Flechten 398.
Foeniculum vulgare 548.
Futterwicke 267.

Galgant 566.
Garcinia mangostana 199.
Gartenerbse 260.
Gärung 683.
Gerben 729.
Gerste 26.
Getreiderost 13.
Gewürzapfel 215.
Gewürze 516.
Gewürznelken 588.
Glycine hispida 282.
Götterpflaume 209.
Granatapfel 93.
Guajave 115, 214.
Guaranapaste 513.
Gurke 334, 725.

Hafer 37.
Hagebutten 99.
Handmühle 16.
Hanf, indischer 647.
Haschisch 647.
Haselnuß 228.
Hefepilze 685.
Hemileia vastatrix 471.
Hibiscus 285.
Hirse 40.
Holunder 100.
Honig 436, 597.
Hopfen 542, 604.
Hordeum vulgare 26.
Humulus lupulus 542.
Hyphaene thebaica 190.

Ilex paraguayensis 495.

Ingwer 555, 557.
Icacopflaume 213.
Ipomaea batatas 360.
Italien als Waldland 85.

Jambosa malaccensis 199.

Johannisbrotbaum 231.
Jubaea spectabilis 188.
Juglans regia 224.
Kaffee 454.
Kakao 500.
Kakaobutter 425.
Kakibaum 209.
Kalabassenbaum 344.
Kalmuswurzel 563.
Kapern 536.
Kaprifikation 138.
Kardamomen 553.
Karnaubapalme 428.
Kartoffel 372.
Kartoffelkrankheiten 380.
Käse 719.
Kassia 568.
Kastanie 216.
Katappabaum 235.
Katstrauch 474.
Kawa 642.
Kelter 125.
Kerzen 431.
Kichererbse 263.
Kigelia africana 206.
Kirsche 103.
Kitulpalme 183.
Knoblauch 318.
Kohl 297.
Kohlrabi 302.
Kokastrauch 662.
Kokospalme 167.
Kolabaum 206.
Kolbenhirse 41.
Koloradokäfer 381.
Korakan 48.
Körbelkraut 314.
Koriander 550.
Korinthen 626.
Kornelkirsche 166.
Kostwurz 562.
Kresse 312.
Krotonöl 416.
Kugelweizen 20.
Kümmel 546.
Kumys 714.
Kürbis 345.
Kurkuma 556.

Lagenaria vulgaris 342.

Lampen 434.
Lattich 308.
Lauch 316.
Leberwurstbaum 206.
Liberiakaffee 465.
Linse 268.
Lodoicea seychellarum 189.
Lotos 350.
Luffa 344.
Lupine 267.

Macahubapalme 186.
Macis 582.
Mais 63.
Mammeibaum 213.
Mandel 116.
— indische 200.
Mandelöl 424.
Mangobaum 200.
Mangold 296.
Mangostane 199.
Manihot 357.
Mannaflechte 398.
Mannaesche 437.
Mate 495.
Maulbeerbaum, schwarzer 126.
— weißer 128.
Maulbeerfeige 126.
Mauritia vinifera 188.
Meerrettich 293.
Melone 337.
Mespilus germanica 97.
Met 597, 703.
Metroxylon rumphii 181.
Mirabelle 109.
Milchsäure 717.
Mispel 97.
— japanische 98.
Mohn 651.
Mohnöl 419.
Mohrenhirse 44, 439.
Mohrrübe 286.
Morphin 660.
Morus nigra 126.
— alba 128.
Moschushibiscus 201.
Mühlen 17.
Mumienweizen 10.
Mungobohne 283.
Musa paradisiaca 192.
Muskatnuß 579.
Myristica fragrans 580.

Negerhirse 44, 48.

Nelkenzimt 593.
Nelumbium speciosum 350.
Okulieren 87.
Ölbaum 142.
Ölpalme 172.
Oenocarpus bacaba 187.
Olea americana 153.
— europaea 142.
Olive 142.
Olivenöl 147.
Opium 651.
Opuntie 639.
Orange 250.
Oryza sativa 52.

Palmyrapalme 183.
Palmzucker 183.
Panicum italicum 41.
— miliaceum 40.
Papai 211.
Papaver somniferum 651.
Paprika 533.
Papyrus 352.
Paraguaytee 495.
Pastinak 286.
Pellagra 66.
Pennisetum spicatum 44.
Petersilie 314.
Petroleum 434.
Pfefferrebe 521.
Pflaume 107.
Pfropfen 87.
Phaseolus vulgaris 279.
— lunatus 284.
— mungo 283.
Phoenix dactylifera 156.
Phylloxera vastatrix 636.
Phytelephas macrocarpa 176.
Pimentbaum 594.
Pimpinella anisum 551.
Piniennüsse 236.
Piper betle 532.
— cubeba 531.
— nigrum 521.
Pirus communis 80.
— malus 72.
Pisang 191.
Pistazie 229.
Pisum arvense 261.
— sativum 260.
Porree 322.
Prunus-Arten 102 ff.
Psidium guajava 214.
Pulque 638.
— de mahiz 68.
Punica granatum 93.

Quitte 91.

Radieschen 292.
Raphanus sativus 290.
Raphia vinifera 176.
Raps 421.
Reblaus 635.
Reineclaude 110.
Reis 52.
Rettich 290.
Rispenhirse 40.
Rizinus 415.
Roggen 35.
Rosenäpfel 199.
Rosinen 125.
Rostpilz (des Kaffees) 471.
Rotdorn 99.
Rübe, gelbe 288.
— weiße 294.
Rübenzucker 449.
Runkelrübe 449.
Saccharum officinale 441.
Safran 537.
Sagopalme 180.
Sambucus nigra 100.
Saubohne 271.
Sauerkirsche 106.
Sauerkraut 301, 725.
Sawah 61.
Schalotte 322.
Scherbet 101.
Schibutter 404.
Schimmel 722.
Schlehe 102.
Schokolade 507.
Secale cereale 35.
Seife 429.
Sellerie 313.
Senf 534.
Sesam 400.
Seychellenpalme 189.
Shoju 283.
Silphium 315.
Sinapis alba 534.
— nigra 534.
Sojabohne 282.
Solanum tuberosum 372.
Somatrank 644.
Sorbus aucuparia 98.
— domestica 98.
Sorghum 44, 439.
Spargel 326.
Spelt 20.
Spierling 98.
Spinat 306.
Stearin 432.
Steinnußpalme 176.
Steinpilz 394.
Sternanis 552.
Sternapfelbaum 214.
Stinkbrand 13.
Sumach 426.
Süßkirsche 103.
Sykomore 126, 140.

Tabak 665.
Tahitinüsse 178.
Talipotpalme 183.
Tamarinde 207.
Tamarix mannifera 437.
Tapioka 359.
Taro 368.
Tee 475.
Tef 48.
Theobroma cacao 500.
Tomate 347.
Traube 124.
Triticum dicoccum 24.
— spelta 21.
— vulgare 5.
Trüffel 387.
Tschakfruchtbaum 204.
Tuscarora-Reis 53.
Tylenchus scandens 14.

Vanille 517.
Vicia 268.
Vitis vinifera 118.
Voandzia 414.

Wachspalme 427.
Wald 85.
Walnuß 224.
Wassermelone 339.
Weichselkirsche 106.
Wein 607.
Weinpalme 176, 187.
Weinbereitung 708.
Weinrebe 118.
Weißdorn 99.
Weizen 5.
Weizenälchen 14.
Wermut 544.
Würzweine 627.

Yams 363.

Zea mais 63.

Zichorie 310.
Zimt 565.
Zitronatzitrone 238.
Zitrone 245, 246.
Zingiber officinale 557.
Zuckerahorn 438.
Zuckerhirse 47, 439.
Zuckerpalme 185.
Zuckerrohr 441.
Zuckerwurzel 289.
Zwergpalme 155, 198.
Zwergweizen 20.
Zwetsche 107.
Zwiebel 317, 320.
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