CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Water is very precious and needed for many and every activities. Conservation

of water is similarly important and has adverse effects otherwise. To conserve

and make effective use of water a controller is needed to manage the required

volume or level in underground and overhead tanks of premises.

Automatic Water Pump Level Controller System is an Electronic Equipment

which when electrically connected to the starter of any given pump -set motor

will control the operation of the pump- set depending upon the water level in the

Source and Destination Storage Tanks. It Switches ON the Pump-set when

Water level drops below pre-set level in Overhead Tank, Switches OFF the

Pump-set when Water level in Overhead Tank becomes full ,Switches OFF the

Pump-set when Water level is low in tank , and Switches ON the Pump-set

when there is sufficient water in the tank. Automatic water level controller

circuit is a engineering project. It can automatically switch ON and OFF the

domestic water pump set depending on the tank water level. You can implement

this motor driver circuit at your home or college using less costly components.

1.2 Problem Statement

Automatic water level monitor came into existence because of human error and

inconsistence that is associated with manually operated water pumping

machine. This is because it takes time for individual who is manually operating

1
the water pump to turn off the pumping machine and this may cause water

spillage and at times the individual might not know that the water level has drop

so low until the tank is completely empty. This was the problem that leads to the

development of the ideal of an automatic water level control and automatic

pump short down.

1.3 Objective of the study

The objective of which the designed device is expected to accomplish is to build

an automatic water level control with automatic control system. Some of the

objectives are:

1. To design an automatic water monitoring system

2. To incorporate an interactive medium between the end user and the

machine

3. To prevent over labor of the pumping machine and prevent it from getting

bad

4. To avoid wastage of water

5. Since the demand of electricity is very high, automatic water level control

saves energy

1.4 Significance of the study

The significance of this study is that Automatic Water level controller is an

application which detects the level water then triggers the pump and blows

alarm and vice versa. They are useful devices and play an important role in

2
various industries such as automobile irrigation, and also at homes, or wherever

water is pump either underground or overhead.

1.5 Scope of the study

The project was design to automatically control the pump which ensures

constant reserve of water in the reservoir. This water controller will give you a

heads-up the instant over-head tank and underground tank is full or goes below

the required level. In this work, automatic water pump controller circuit controls

the water pump motor. The motor gets automatically switched on when water in

the overhead tank (OHT) falls below the lower limit. Similarly, it gets switched

off when the tank is filled up. Built around only one NAND gate IC (CD4011),

the circuit is simple, compact and economical. It works off a 12V DC power

supply and consumes very little power.

1.6 Limitation of Study

The biggest problem experience during the course of this seminar is difficulties

in finding the design of the project, secondly sourcing of material and

component I used were difficult to find.

3
 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Automatic Water Pump Level Controller

Automatic water level controller circuit is a simple engineering electronic

project does the same with suitable logic and components. The storage of water

for the domestic, industrial, agricultural or other such needs is very important.

The literature in this regard provides sufficient justification for the use of

automatic water level controllers. Many of such circuits make use of

microcontroller or PIC ICs to work for the task. To conserve and make effective

use of water a controller is needed to manage the required volume or level in

underground and overhead tanks of premises. The pump motor is of single

phase AC and operated using relay from the controller. The present work do not

incorporate any Microcontroller instead use Transistors and Timer IC555. It

will automatically switch ON and OFF the domestic water pump to fill the

overhead tank to the set level or volume of water. The main advantage of this

water level controller circuit is that it automatically controls the water pump

without any user interaction. It is built with simple electronic components. The

heart of this pump controller circuit is NE555 IC. Water level controller does

help to control the level of water automatically by using sense probe/circuit of

the tank. This system not only monitors the water level of the tank, it switches

4
ON the motor automatically whenever overhead tank is empty. The motor is

switched OFF when the required level in the overhead tank is reached along

with LED indications. Pump motor is not started whenever underground water

level is below the preset threshold. Using this system we can avoid the overflow

and wastage of the water. The main advantage of this water level controller

circuit is that it automatically controls the water pump without any user

interaction. The automatic pump controller eliminates the need for any manual

switching of pumps installed for the purpose of pumping water from a reservoir

to an overhead tank. It automatically switches on the pump when the water level

in the tank falls below a certain low level, provided the water level in the

reservoir is above a certain level. Subsequently, as the water level in the tank

rises to an upper level (M), the pump switched off automatically. The pump is

turned on again only when the water level again falls below level in the tank,

provided the level in the reservoir is above R. This automated action continues.

2.2 Block Diagram and Circuit Diagram of Water Level Controller and

Indicator

Automatic water level controller circuit is a simple engineering electronic

project does the same with suitable logic and components

5
 Block Diagram of Water Level Controller

Circuit Diagram of Water Level Controller

2.3 List of Component and Description

1. Power Supply: A 9V DC battery/ bench power supply is used to power

up the entire circuit.

2. NE 555 timer IC: The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit used in a

verity of timer, pulse generation and oscillator applications. IC555

package includes 25 transistor, 2 diodes and 15 resistor on a silicon chip

installed in an 8-pin dual in line package.

 Supply voltage Vcc= 4.5 to 15V

6
 Max power dissipation=600mW
 Power consumption(minimum operating)= 30mW @5V, 225mW@15V
 Operating temperature=0 to 75’c

Pin Diagram of ICC 555

are used. Generally all the resistors are ¼ watt rated.

4. Relay: Relays are simple switches which are operated both electrically

and mechanically. Now a day’s most of the high end industrial

application devices have relays for their effective working the switching

mechanism is carried with help of electromagnet.

Relay driver and lamp indication by relay

5. Diode and led: A diode is a semiconductor device which allows current

to flow through it in only one direction. A diode can be used as rectifier

that converts AC to DC for a power supply device. Diodes can be used to

separate the signals from radio frequencies. LED is a light emitting diode

product that assembled into a lamp for the use in lighting fixtures. LEDs

7
 are used both for general and special purpose lighting but most LED do

not emit light in all directions. Presently multi colored LEDs are available

for commercial use.

Sample Diode View

6. Transistor: BC547 is an NPN bi-polar junction transistor (BJT). One

element that has revolutionized the technology in the past decade is

transistor. It is named as transistor which is of two terms “transfer of

resistor”. Transistor is made from silicon as it is a semiconductor devices

used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power. BC

548 is also general purpose silicon NPN bi polar junction transistor.

Typical view of NPN Transistor

7. Buzzer: Is an electronic device commonly used to produce audible

sound, light in weight, it’s simple construction and low price make it

usable in various applications like car and many other reversing indicator,

call bells etc. It is operated with 5-12V DC voltage and for the loudest

tones stay around 4 KHz but works quite well from 5khz to 10khz.

8
 Piezo Buzzer

2.4 Advantages of Automatic Water Pump Level Controller

The Flexible water level controller and indicator is very useful gadget for house

hold and industrial applications. Following are the few advantages.

 Easy installation.

 Low maintenance.

 Compact and elegant design.

 Users can control the required level of water in overhead tank.

 Avoids wastage of water from tanks.

 It can maintain exact preset water levels.

 The system is very versatile, a numbers of tailor made variations like

control of multiple tanks or multiple pumps are possible.

 Being automatic saves man power.

2.5 Applications of Automatic Water Pump Level Controller

It can be used for various fluid level controls in industries etc. Following are the

few applications

 Used in buildings where the manual monitoring is difficult.

9
  Used in industries to control the water level and in chemical mixing etc.

 It can be installed in metro cities where the drinking water is the only

water used for all purposes which keeps the drinking water from being

wasted.

CHAPTER THREE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1 Summary

The flexible automatic water level pump controller and indicator without any

microcontroller is implemented and found working satisfactorily. The flexibility

of the choice of level of overhead tank while pumping the water from the

underground tank is found making the distinction 366 among the available such

water level controller circuits and economically affordable.

3.2 Conclusion

Going through the planning, flow process, design and software implementation,

the system has been a tough one, this seminar has explained important point

about Automatic Water Pump Level Controller. The performance and efficiency

was beyond expectation and from every ramification the design automatic water

controller is successful.

3.3 Recommendations

10
The present circuit can be modified suitably by incorporating low cost

controllers like Arduino and IoT to make it operated from anywhere and able to

interact intelligently by messaging or warning. I also strongly recommend that

government should set up industries for production of basic electronic

component locally and establish research centers in each Polytechnic to enable

student have good sound practical knowledge on electronics component and

their operation

11