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class 93% BO~~BVR
Library of ~ d e l b e r College
t V.3
of Western R e r a n e Unlvsrsity, Olsvoiand. 0.
ANCIENT RECORDS OF EGYPT
 ANCIENT RECORDS
U N D E R T H E GENERAL E D I T O R S H I P O F
WILLIAM RAINEY H A R P E R

ANCIENT RECORDS OF ASSYRIA AND BABYLONIA

EDITED BY ROBERT FRANCIS HARPER

ANCIENT RECORDS OF EGYPT

EDITED BY JAMES HENRY. BREARTED

ANCIENT RECORDS OF PALESTINE, PH(EN1CIA

AND SYRIA
EDITED B Y WILLIAM RAINEX HARPEB
ANCIENT RECORDS OF EGYPT

HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE PERSIAN CONQUEST. COLLECTED
EDITED AND TRANSLATED WITH COMMENTARY

JAMES HENRY BREASTED, PH.D.

PROFESSOR OF EGYPTOLOGY AND ORIENTAL HISTORY
I N TIIE UNIVBEWTY OF CHICAGO

VOLUME I11
WHE NINETEENTH DYNASTY

CHICAGO
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS
1906
LONDON: LUZAC & CO. LEIPZIGI : OTTO HABRASSOWITZ
 Published May 1906

Q L C . %,

Composed and Printed By

The University of Chicago Press
Chicago. Illinois. U. S. A.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME I
THEDOCUMENTARY
SOURCES
OF EGYPTIAN
HISTORY .
CHRONOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . .
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE . . . . . . . .
THEPALERMO STONE:THEFIRSTTO THE FIFTHDYNASTIES
.
I Predynastic Kings . . . . . . . .
.
I1 First Dynasty . . . . . . . . .
.
111 Second Dynasty . . . . . . . .
.
IV Third Dynasty . . . . . . . . .
.
V Fourth Dynasty . . . . . . . .
.
VI Fifth Dynasty . . . . . . . . .
THETHIRD DYNASTY . . . . . . . .
Reign of Snefru .
. . . s b ;- . . . .
. .
Sinai Inscriptions . . . . . . .
Biography of Methen. . . . . . . .
THE FOURTHDYNASTY . . . . . . . .
Reign of Khufu . . . . . . . . .
. .
Sinai Inscriptions . . . . . . .
Inventory Stela . . . . . . . . .
Examples of Dedication Inscriptions by Sons . .
Reign of Khafre . . . . . . . . .
Stela of Mertitydtes . . . . . . . .
Will of Prince Nekure. Son of King Khafre . . .
Testamentary Enactment of an Unknown Official.
Establishing the Endowment of His Tomb by the
Pyramid of Khafre . . . . . . . .
Reign of Menkure . . . . . . . . .
Debhen's Inscription. Recounting King Menkure's Erec-
tion of a Tomb for Him . . . . . . .
TEE RFTHDYNASTY. . . . . . . . .
Reign of Userkaf . . . . . . . . .
v
vi TABLE OF CONTENTS

Testamentary Enactment of Nekonekh . . . .

.
I The Priesthood of Bathor . . . . .
I1. The Mortuary Priesthood of Khenuka . .
I11. Nekonekh's Will . . . . . . .
IV. Nekonekh's Mortuary Priesthood . . .
.
V Nekonekh's Mortuary Statue . . . . .
Testamentary Enactment of Senuonekh, Regulating
His Mortuary Priesthood . . . . . . .
Reign of Sahure . . . . . . . . .
Sinai Inscriptions . . . . . . . . .
TombStelaofNenekhsekhmet . . . . . .
Tomb Inscription of Persen . . . . . .
Reign of Neferirkere . . . . . . . .
Tomb Inscriptions of the Vizier. Chief Judge. and Chief
Architect Weshptah . . . . . . . .
Reign of Nuserre . . . . . . . . .
Sinai Inscription . . . . . . . . .
Tomb Inscriptions of Hotephiryakhet . . . .
Inscription of Ptahshepses . . . . . . .
Reign of Menkuhor . . . . . . . . .
Sinai Inscription . . . . . . . . .
Reign of Dedkere-Isesi . . . . . . . .
Sinai Inscriptions . . . . . . . . .
Tomb Inscriptions of Senezemib. Chief Judge. Vizier.
and Chief Architect . . . . . . . .
Mortuary Inscription of Nezemib . . . . .
Tomb Inscription of the Nomarch Henku . . .
THESIXTHDYNASTY. . . . . . . . .
Reign of Teti . . . . . . . . . .
Inscriptions of Sabu. Also Called Ibebi . . . .
Inscription of Sabu. Also Called Thety . . . .
Inscription of an Unknown Builder . . . . .
Inscription of Uni . . . . . . . . .
I. Career under Teti (1. I) . . . . .
.
I1 Career under Pepi I (11. 2-32) . . . .
3.11. Career under Mernere (11. 32-50) . . . .
Reign of Pepi I . . . . . . . . . .
Hammamat Inscriptions . . . . . . .
 TqBLE OF CONTENTS

I. The King's Inscriptions . . . .

I1. The Expedition's Inscription . . .
111. Chief Architect's Inscription . . . .
.
IV Inscription of the Treasurer of the God Ikhi
Sinai Inscription . . . . . . . .
Inscription in the Hatnub Quarry . . . .
Inscription of Uni: I1 Career under Pepi I . .
Reign of Mernere . . . . . . . .
Inscriptions at the First Cataract . . . . .
I. Northern Inscription . . . . .
I1. Southern Inscription . . . . .
Inscription of Uni: I11 Career under Mernere .
InscriptionsofHarkhuf . . . . . .
Inscriptions of Harkhuf (continued) . . . .
Reign of Pepi I1 . . . . . . . .
Conveyance of Land by Idu, Called Also Seneni .
Sinai Inscription . . . . . . . .
Stela of the Two Queens. Enekhnes-Merire . .
Inscriptions of Harkhuf (continued from 5 336) .
Letter of Pepi I1 . . . . . . .
.
I Dates and Introduction . . . .
I1. Acknowledgment of Harkhuf's Letter .
I11. Harkhuf's Rewards . . . . .
IV . King's Instructions. . . . .
Inscriptions of Pepi-Nakht .
. . . .
Inscriptions of Khui . . .
. . . .
Inscriptions of Sebni . . .
. . . .
. .
Inscriptions of Ibi . .
. . . .
. .
Inscription of Zau . .
. . . .
Reign of Ity . . . . . . . . .
HammamatInscription . . . . . .
Reign of Imhotep . . . . . . . .
THENINTH AND TENTH
DYNASTIES . . . .
Inscriptions of Siut . . . . . . . .
I. Inscription of Tefibi. . . . . .
I1. Inscription of Kheti I . . . . .
I11. Inscription of Kheti I1 . . . . .
viii TABLE O F CONTENTS

THEELEVENTH DYNASTY . . . . . . .
The Nomarch. Intef . . . . . . .
Mortuary Stela . . . . . . . .
Reign of Horus-Wahenekh-Intef I . . . .
Royal Tomb Stela . . . . . . . .
Reign of Horus-Nakhtneb-Tepnefer-Intef I1 . .
Stela of Thethi . . . . . . . .
Reign of Nibhotep-Mentuhotep I . . . . .
Temple Fragments from Gebelen . . . .
Reigns of Intef I11 and Nibkhrure-Mentuhotep I1 .
Relief near Assuan . . . . . . .
Reign of Senekhkere-MentuhotepI11 . . . .
Hammamat Inscription of Henu . . . .
Reign of Nibtowere-Mentuhotep IV . . . .
HammamatInscriptions . . . . . .
I. The First Wonder . . . . . .
11. The Official Tablet . . . . .
.
I11 The Commander's Tablet . . . .
.
IV The Second Wonder . . . . .
V. Completion of the Work . . . .
Stela of Eti . . . . . . . . .
THE TWELFTHDYNASTY. .
Chronology of Twelfth Dynasty . . . . . .
Reign of Amenemhet I . . . . . . . .
Inscription of Khnumhotep I . . . . . .
Hammamat Inscription of Intef . . . . . .
Inscription of Nessumontu . . . . . . .
Inscription of Korusko . . . . . . . .
The Teaching of Amenemhet . . . . . .
Dedication Inscription . . . . . . . .
The Tale of Sinuhe . . . . . . . .
Reign of Sesostris I . . . . . . . . .
The Building Inscription of the Temple of Heliopolis .
Inscription of Meri . . . . . . . .
Wadi Halfa Inscription of Mentuhotep . . . .
Inscription of Amenemhet (Ameni) . . . . .
Stela of Ikudidi . . . . . . . . .
Inscription of Intefyoker . . . . . . .
 TABLE O F CONTENTS ix
93
InscriptionsofMentuhotep . . . . . . 53-534
The Contracts of Hepzefi . . . . . . 535-538
I. First Contract . . . . . . . 539-543
.
I1 Second Contract . . . . 544-548
.
I11 Third Contract . . . . . . 549-553
.
IV Fourth Contract . . . . . . 554-558
.
V Fifth Contract . . . . . . . . 559-567
.
VI Sixth Contract . . . . . . . . 568-571
VII . Seventh Contract . . . . . . . 572-57 5
VIII . Eighth Contract . . . . . . . 576-581
IX . Ninth Contract . . . . . . . 582-588
.
X ~ e n t hContract . . . . . . . 589-593
Reign of Amenemhet I1 . . . . . . . . 594-613
Inscription of Simontu . . . . . . . . 594-598
. . . .
Inscription of Sihathor . . . . 599-605
Sinai Inscription . . . . 606
Stela of Khentemsemeti . . . . . . . 607-613
. . . . .
Reign of Sesostris 11 . . . . 614-639
Inscription of Hapu . . . . . . . . 614-618
. .
Inscription of Khnumhotep I1 . . . . 619-639
Reign of Sesostris I11 . . . . . . . 640-748
The Conquest of Nubia . . . . . . . 640-672
.
I The Canal Inscriptions . . . . . . 642-649
.
I First Inscription . . . . . . . 643-645
I1. Second Inscription . . . . . . 646-648
I1. The Elephantine Inscription . . . . . 649-650
I11. The First Semneh Stela . . . . . . 651-652
IV The Second Semneh Stela .
. . . . . . 653-660
.
V InscriptionofIkhernofret . . . . . . 661-670
VI. Inscription of Sisatet . . . . . . . 671-673
See also . . . 676 ff .and 687
Hammamat Inscription . . . . . . . 674-675
Stela of Sebek.Khu, called Zaa . . . . . . 676-687
Inscriptions of Thuthotep . . . . . . . 688-706
Hammamat Inscriptions . . . . . . . 707-71 2
Inscriptions of Sinai . . . . . . . 713-738
I. Wadi Maghara . . . . . . . 713-723
I. Inscriptions of Khenemsu . . . . . 714-716
 TABLE O F CONTENTS

I1. Inscription of Harnakht . . .

I11. Inscription of Sebekdidi . . .
.
IV Inscription of Arneni . . . .
I1. Sarbfitel-Khadem . . . . .
I. Inscription of Sebek-hir-hab . .
I1. Inscription of Ptahwer . . .
I11. Inscription of Arnenemhet . . .
IV . Inscription of Harurre . . . .
Turra Inscription . . . . . . .
Inscription of Sehetepibre . . . . .
ReignofAmenemhetIV . . . . . .
KummehInscription . . . . . .
Sinai Inscriptions . . . . . . .
FROM THE THIRTEENTH DYNASTY TO THE HYKSOS
Reign of Sekhemre-Khutowe . . . . .
Records of Nile-Levels . . . . . .
Reign of Neferhotep . . . . . . .
Great Abydos Stela . . . . . .
Boundary Stela . . . . . . .
Reign of Nubkheprure-Intef . . . . .
Coptos Decree . . . . . . .
Reign of Khenzer . . . . . . .
Inscriptions of Ameniseneb . . . . .

VOLUME I1
THEEIGHTEENTHDYNASTY . . . . .
Reign of Ahmose I . . . . . . .
Biography of Ahmose. Son of Ebana . .
I. Career under Ahmose I (11. 1-24) . .
I1. Career under Amenhotep I (11. 24-29) .
I11. Career under Thutmose I (11. 29-39) .
Biography of Ahmose-Pen-Nekhbet . . .
I. Ahmose's Campaigns [Continued 5 401 .
I1. Ahmose's Rewards . . . . .
.
I11 Ahmose's Summary . . . . .
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Quarry Inscription . . . . . . . .
Karnak Stela . . . . . . . . . .
Building Inscription . . . . . . . .
Reign of Amenhotep I . . . . . . . .
Biography of Ahmose. Son of Ebana . . . .
I1. Career under Amenhotep I (11. 24-29) . . .
Biography of Ahmose-Pen-Nekhbet . . . . .
Career under Amenhotep I . . . . . .
Biography of Ineni . . . . . . . .
I. Career under Amenhotep I . : . . .
I1. Career under Thutmose I . . . . .
I11. Career under Thutmose I1 . . . . .
IV . Career under Thutmose I11 and Hatshepsut .
Stela of Harmini . . . . . . . . .
Stela of Keres . . . . . . . . .
Reign of Thutmose I . . . . . . . .
Coronation Decree . . . . . . . .
Biographical Inscription of Thure . . . . .
Tombos Stela . . . . . . . . . .
Inscriptions at the First Cataract . . . . .
I. Sehel Inscription . . . . . . .
.
I1 Sehel Inscription . . . . . . .
I11. Assuan Inscription . . . . . . .
Inscription of Ahmose. Son of Ebana . . . .
I11. Career under Thutmose I (11. 29-39) . . .
Biography of Ahmose-Pen-Nekhbet . . . . .
Career under Thutmose I . . . . . .
Karnak Obelisks . . . . . . . . .
Abyd'os Stela . . . . . . . . . .
Biography of Ineni . . . . . . . .
I1. Career under Thutmose I (ll . 4-14) . . .
Stela of Yuf . . . . . . . . . .
Reign of Thutmose I1 . . . . . . . .
Biography of Ineni . . . . . . . .
I11. Career under Thutmose I1 . . . . .
Assuan Inscription . . . . . . . .
Biography of Ahmose-Pen-Nekbet . . . . .
IV . Career under Thutmose I1 . . . . .
xii TABLE O F CONTENTS
10
Campaign in Syria . . . . . . . . 125
The Ebony Shrine of Der el-Bahri . . . . . 126-127
Reign of Thutmose I11 and Hatshepsut . . . . 128-390
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . 1 28-130
Inscription of the Coronation; Buildings and Offerings 131-166
Semneh Temple Inscriptions . . . . . . 167
.I Renewal of Sesostris 111's List of Offerings . 168-172
I1. Dedication to Dedun and Sesostris I11 . . 173-176
Biography of Nebwawi . . . . . . . '77
.I The Statue Inscription . . . . . . 1 78-183
.
I1 Abydos Stela . . . . . . . . 184-186
The Birth of Queen Hatshepsut . . . . . 187-191
.I The Council of the Gods . . . . . 192
I1. Interviews Between Amon and Thoth . . . 193-194
111. Amon with Queen Ahmose . . . . . 195-198
.
IV Interview Between Amon and Khnum . . 199-201
V. Khnum Fashions the Child . . . . . 202-203
.
VI Interview Between Thoth and Queen Ahmose 204
VII . Queen Ahmose is Led to Confinement . . 205
.
VIII The Birth . . . . . . . . . 206-207
I X . Presentation of the Child to Amon . . . 208
X. Council of Amon and Hathor . . . . 209
.
XI The Nursing of the Child . . . . . 210
XI1. Second Interview of Amon and Thoth .
. PI1
XI11. The Final Scene . . . . . . . PIP
Statue of Enebni . . . . . . . . . 213
Vase Inscription . . . . . . . . . 214
The Coronation of Queen Hatshepsut . . . . 215
I. The Purification . . . . . . . 216
I1. Amon presents the Child to All the Gods . . 217-220
I11. The Northern Journey . . . . . . 221-225
.
IV Coronation by Atum . . . . . . 226-227
V. Reception of the Crowns and the Names . . 228-230
VI . Proclamation as King before Amon . . . 231
VII . Coronation before the Court . . . . . 232-239
VIII . Second Purification . . . . . . . 240-241
IX . Concluding Ceremonies . . . . . . 242
Southern Pylon Inscription at Karnak . . . . 243-245
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

The Punt Reliefs . . . . . . . . .

I. Departure of the Fleet . . . . . .
I1. Reception in Punt . . . . . . .
I11. The Traffic . . . . . . . .
IV . Loading the Vessels . . . . . . .
.
V The Return Voyage . . . . . . .
VI . Presentation of the Tribute to the Queen by the
Chiefs of Punt, Irem and Nemyew . . .
.
VII The Queen Offers the Gifts to Amon . . .
.
VIII Weighing and Measuring the Gifts to Amon .
IX. Formal Announcement of the Success of the
Expedition before Amon . . . . . .
X. Formal Announcement of the Success of the
Expedition to the Court . . . . . .
Inscription of the Speos Artemidos . . . . .
The Karnak Obelisks . . . . . . . .
.I Shaft Inscriptions; Middle Columns . . .
.
I1 Shaft Inscriptions; Side Columns . . . .
.
I11 Base Inscription . . . . . . .
Reliefs of Transportation of Obelisks . . . .
.I Transport . . . . . . . . .
I1. Reception in Thebes . . . . . .
I11. Dedication of the Obelisks . . . . .
Rock Inscription in Wadi Maghara . . . . .
Building Inscription of Western Thebes . . . .
Biography of Ineni . . . . . . . .
.
IV Career under Thutmose 111and Hatshepsut .
Biography of Ahmose-Pen-Nekhbet . . . . .
Conclusion of Summary . . . . . . .
Inscriptions of Senmut . . . . . . . .
I. Inscriptions on the Karnak Statue . . .
I1. Assuan Inscription . . . . . . .
I11. Inscriptions on the Berlin Statue . . . .
Inscription of Thutiy . . . . . . . .
Inscriptions of Puemre . . . . . . . .
I. Statue of Inscription . . . . . .
.
I1 Tomb Inscriptions . . . . . . .
Inscriptions of Hapuseneb . . . . . . .
xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS

Reign of Thutmose I11 . . . . . . . .

The Annals . . . . . . . . . .
The Annals: Conspectus of Campaigns . . . .
I. Introduction . . . . . . . .
I1. First Campaign (Year 23) . . . . .
Wadi Halfa Inscription . . . . . .
Fragment on the Siege of Megiddo . . . .
.
I11 Second Campaign (Year 24) . . . . .
.
IV ThirdCampaign(Yearz5) . . . . .
.
V Fourth Campaign . . . . . . .
VI. Fifth Campaign (Year 29) . . . . .
.
VII Sixth Campaign (Year 30) . . . . .
.
VIII Seventh Campaign (Year 31) . . . . .
IX . Eighth Campaign (Year 33) . . . . .
.
X Ninth Campaign (Year 34) . . . . .
.
X I Tenth Campaign (Year 35) . . . . .
.
XI1 Eleventh Campaign (Year 36) . . . .
.
XI11 Twelfth Campaign (Year 37) . . . .
.
XIV Thirteenth Campaign (Year 38) . . . .
.
XV Fourteenth Campaign (Year 39) . . . .
.
XVI Fifteenth Campaign . . . . . . .
XVIT. Sixteenth Campaign . . . . . . .
.
XVIII Seventeenth Campaign . . . . . .
.
XIX Conclusion . . . . . . . . .
Feasts and Offerings from the Conquests . . .
Biography of Amenemhab . . . . . . .
Fragments of Karnak Pylon VII . . . . .
Great Karnak Building Inscription . . . . .
Building Inscription of the Karnak Ptah-Temple . .
Obelisks . . . . . . . . . . .
I. Karnak Obelisks . . . . . . .
.
I1 Lateran Obelisks . . . . . . .
I11. Constantinople Obelisk . . . . . .
IV. London Obelisk . . . . .. .
V. New York Obelisk . . . . . . .
Medinet Habu Building Inscriptions .. . .
Heliopolis Building Inscriptions . . .
. .
Nubian Wars . . . . . . . . . .
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Canal Inscription . . . . . . .
I1. Inscriptions of Nehi. Viceroy of Kush . . .
I11. Offerings from the South Countries . . .
Hymn of Victory . . . . . . . . .
Tomb of Rekhmire . . . . . . . .
I. Appointment of Rekhmire as Vizier . . .
I1. Duties of the Vizier . . . . . . .
III. The Sitting of the Vizier . . . . .
IV . Reception of Petitions . . . . . .
V. Inspection of Taxes of Upper Egypt . . .
A. Above Thebes . . . . . . .
B. Below Thebes . . . . . . .
VI . Reception of Dues to the Amon-Temple . .
VII. Inspection of Daily Offerings and of Monuments
VIII . Inspection of Craftsmen . . . . . .
IX. Inspection of Sculptors and Builders . . .
X . Reception of Foreign Tribute . . . .
XI. Accession of Amenhotep I1 . . . . .
Stela of Intef the Herald . . . . . . .
Tomb of Menkheperreseneb . . . . . .
Stela of Nibamon . . . . . . . . .
Reign of Amenhotep I1 . . . . . . . .
Asiatic Campaign . . . . . . . . .
I. Karnak Stela . . . . . . . .
I1. Amada and Elephantine Stelz . . . .
I11. Karnak Chapel . . . . . . . .
Turra Inscription . . . . . . . . .
Tomb of Amenken . . . . . . . .
KarnakBuildingInscription . . . . . .
Biography of Amenemhab . . . . . . .
Reign of Thutmose IV . . . . . . . .
Sphinx Stela . . . . . . . . . . .
Asiatic Campaign . . . . . . . . .
Konosso Inscription . . . . . . . .
Lateran Obelisk . . . . . . . . .
Stela of Pe'aoke . . . . . . . . .
Reign of Amenhotep I11 . . . . . . . .
Birth and Coronation . . . . . . . .
mi TABLE OF CONTENTS

Nubian War . . . . . . . . .
I. Stela at First Cataract . . . . .
I1. Stela of Konosso . . . . . .
I11. Bubastis Inscription . . . . . .
.
IV Semneh Inscription . . . . . .
Tablet of Victory . . . . . . . .
The Commemorative Scarabs . . . . .
I. Marriage with Tiy . . . . . .
.
I1 Wild Cattle Hunt . . . . . .
I11. Ten Years Lion-Hunting . . . .
.
IV Marriage with Kirgipa . . . . .
V. Construction of a Pleasure Lake . . .
Jubilee Celebrations . . . . . . .
Quarry and Mine Inscriptions . . . . .
Building Inscription . . . . . . .
I. Introduction (11. 1-2) . . . . .
I1. Temple of the (Memnon) Colossi (11. 2-10) .
I11. Luxor Temple and Connected Buildings .
IV. Sacred Barge of Amon (11. 16-20) . . .
V. Third Pylon of Karnak (11. 20-23) . .
VI . Temple of Soleb (11. 23-26) . . . .
.
VII . Hymn of Amon to the King (11 26-31) .
Building Inscriptions of the Soleb Temple . .
Great Inscription of the Third Karnak Pylon . .
Dedication Stela . . . . . . . .
. .
I Speech of the King (11 1-13) . . . .
.
I1 Speech of Amon (11. 14-20) . . . .
.
I11. Speech of the Divine Ennead (11 20-24) .
Inscriptions of Amenhotep, Son of Hapi . . .
I. Statue Inscription . . . . . .
I1. MortuaryTempleEdict . . . . .
Statue of' Nebnefer . . . . . . .
Reign of Ikhnaton . . . . . . . .
Quarry Inscription at Silsileh . . . . .
Tomb of the Vizier Ramose . . . . .
The Tell El-Amarna Landmarks . . . .
Assuan Tablet of the Architect Bek . . . .
The Tell El-Amarna Tombs . . . . .
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Tomb of Merire 11 . . . . .
Tomb of Merire I . . . . .
TombofEye . . . . . .
Tomb of Mai . . . . . .
Tomb of Ahmose . . . . .
TombofTutu . . . . . .
Tomb of Huy . . . . . .
Reign of Tutenkhamon . . . . .
Tomb of Huy . . . . . . .
I. Investiture of the Viceroy of Kush
.
11 Tribute of the North . . .
.
111 Tribute of the South . . .
ReignofEye . . . . . . .
LIST OF FIGURES

Plan of Punt Reliefs . . . . .

VOLUME 111
DYNASTY .
THENINETEENTH . .
Reign of Harmhab . . . . .
Tomb of Harmhab . . . .
I. Leyden Fragments . . .
.
I Stela with Adoration Scene
.
I1 Reward of Gold . . .
I1. Vienna Fragment . . .
111. Alexandria Fragments . .
.
IV British Museum Fragments .
.
I Doorposts . . . .
.
II Stela with Three Hymns .
.
V Cairo Fragments . . .
Coronation Inscription . . . .
Graffiti in the Theban Necropolis .
The Wars of Harmhab . . . .
.
I In the North . . . .
I1. In the South . . .
Edict of Harmhab . . . . .
wiii TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction (11. 1-10) . . . . . .

11. Introduction: The King's Zeal for the Relief of
the People (11. 10-14) . . . . . .
111. Enactment Against Robbing the Poor of Dues
for the Royal Breweries and Kitchens (11. 14-17)
IV, Enactment Against Robbing the Poor of Wood
Due the Pharaoh (11. 17-18) . . - . . .
V. Enactment Against Exacting Dues from a Poor
Man Thus Robbed (11. 18-20) . . . .
VI. Against Robbing the Poor of Dues for the Harem
or the Gods by the Soldiers (11. 20-24) . .
VII. Enactments Against Unlawful Appropriation of
Slave Service (11. 22-24) . . . . . .
VIII. Enactment Against Stealing of Hides by the
Soldiers (11. 25-28) . . . . . . .
IX. Against Connivance of Dishonest Inspectors with
Thievish Tax-Collectors, for a Share of the Booty
(11. 28-32) . . . . . . . . .
X. Enactment Against Stealing Vegetables Under
Pretense of Collecting Taxes (u. 32-35) . .
XI. Enactments too Fragmentary for Analysis (11. 35-
39) and Right Side (11. I, 2) . . . . .
XII. Narrative of the King's Reforms, Containing
Also an Enactment Against Corrupt Judges
(11. 3-7) . . . . . . . . .
XIII. Narrative of the King's Monthly Audiences and
Largesses (11. 7-10) . . . . . . .
XIV. Laudation of the King, and Conclusion (Left
Side) . . . . . . . . . .
Tomb of Neferhotep . . . . . . . .
Reign of Ramses I . . . . . . . . .
Wadi Halfa Stela . . . .
. . . . .
Reign of Seti I . . . . .
. . . . .
Karnak Reliefs . . . . . . . . .
Scene I. March through Southern Palestine , .
Scene 2. Battle with the Shasu . . , . .
Scene 3. Capture of Pekanan. . . . . .
Scene 4. Capture of Yenoam. . . . . .
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Scene 5 . Submission of the Chiefs of Lebanon . .

Scenes 6 and 7 . Binding and Carrying Away Prisoners
Scene 8 . Reception in Egypt . . . . . .
Scene g . Presentation of Shasu Prisoners and Precious
Vessels to Amon . . . . . . . .
.
Scene 10 Presentation of Syrian Prisoners and
Precious Vessels to Amon . . . . . .
Scene I I . Slaying Prisoners Before Amon . . .
Scene 12 . First Battle with the Libyans . . .
Scene 13. Second Battle with the Libyans . . .
Scene 14. Return from Libyan War . . . .
Scene 15. Presentation of Libyan Prisoners and Spoil
to Amon . . . . . . . . . .
Scene16. CaptureofKadesh . . . . .
Scene 17 . Battle with the Hittites . . . . .
Scene 18. Carrying off Hittite Prisoners . . .
Scene 19. Presentation of Hittite Spoil and Prisoners
to Amon . . . . . . . . . .
Scene 20 . Slaying Prisoners before Amon . . .
Wadi Halfa Stela . . . . . . .
Inscriptions of Redesiyeh . . . . .
I. First Inscription . . . . . . .
.
I1 Second Inscription . . . . . . .
.
I11 Third Inscription . . . . . . .
Building Inscriptions . . . . . . . .
.
I FirstCataractInscription . . . . .
I . Assuan Inscription . . . . . .
.
2 Elephantine Stela . . . . . .
.
I1 Silsileh Quarry Stela . . . . . .
I11. GebelCn Quarry Inscription . . . . .
.
IV Mortuary Temple at Thebes (Kurna) . . .
.
V Temple of Karnak . . . . . . .
. . . . .
VI. Mortuary Temple at Abydos
.
VII Temple Model of Heliopolis . . . . .
.
VIII Miscellaneous . . . . . . . .
Reign of Rarnses I1 . . . . . . . . .
Great Abydos Inscription . . . . . . .
Kubbhn Stela . . . . . . . . . .
xx TABLE OF CONTENTS

The Asiatic War . . . . . . . . .

.
I Beginning of the Hittite War . . . .
.
I First Campaign . . . . . . .
.
I1 Second Campaign: The Battle of Kadesh .
a . Poem of the Battle of Kadesh . . .
.
b Official Record of the Battle of Kadesh
.
c The Reliefs of the Battle of Kadesh . .
.
I The Council of War . . . .
.
I1 The Camp . . . . . .
.
I11 Ramses'Messengers . . . .
.
IV The Battle . . . . . .
V. The Defense of the Camp . . .
VI . After the Battle . . . . .
VII . Presentation of Captives to Amon .
.
111 Palestinian Revolt . . . . . . .
I. Reconquest of Southern Palestine . . .
I1. Reconquest of Northern Palestine . . .
.
IV Campaign in Naharin . . . . . .
I. Conquest of Naharin . . . . .
I1. Treaty with the Hittites . . . . .
Relations of Egypt with the Hittites after the War .
I. The Blessing of Ptah . . . . . .
I1. Marriage Stela . . . . . . . .
I11. Message of the Chief of Kheta to the Chief of
Icode . . . . . . . . . .
IV. Coptos Stela . . . . . . . .
.
V Bentresh Stela . . . . . . . .
Nubian Wars and References to Northern Wars . .
.
I Abu Simbel Temple . . . . . .
I1. Bet el-Walli Temple . . . . . .
.
I11 Assuan Stela . . . . . . . .
IV. Luxor Temple . . . . . . . .
.
V Abydos Temple . . . . . . .
VI . Tanis S t e l ~ . . . . . . . .
Building Inscriptions . . . . . . . .
I. Great Temple of Abu Simbel . . . . .
.
I1 Small Temple of Abu Simbel . . . . .
I11. Temple of Serreh . . . . . . .
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

IV. Temple of Derr . . . . . . .

V . Temple of SebQCa . . . . . . .
VI . Temple of el Kab . . . . . . .
VII . Temple of Luxor . . . . . . .
VIII . Temple of Karnak . . . . . . .
IX. The Ramesseum . . . . . . .
X. Temple of Kurna . . . . . . .
XI . Seti 1's Temple at Abydos and Great Abydos
Inscription . . . . . . . . .
XI1. Ramses 11's Temple at Abydos . . . .
.
XI11 Memphis Temples . . . . . . .
I . Great Abydos Inscription (1. 22) . . .
2 . Blessing of Ptah (11. 32, 35) . . . .
. .
XIV. City of Tanis (Blessing of Ptah (11 16-18) .
Stela of the Year 400 . . . . . . . .
Royal Jubilee Inscriptions . . . . . . .
.I First Gebel Silsileh Inscription . . . .
.
I1 Bigeh Inscription . . . . . . .
I11 Second Gebel Silsileh Inscription . . . .
.
.
IV Third Gebel Silsileh Inscription . . . .
.
V Fourth Gebel Silsileh Inscription . . . .
VI . Sehel Inscription . . . . . . .
.
VII El Kab Inscription . . . . . . .
VIII. Fifth Gebel Silsileh Inscription . . . .
IX . Sixth Gebel Silsileh Inscription . . . .
Inscription of Beknekhonsu . . . . . . .
Reign of Merneptah . . . . . . . . .
The Invasion of Libyans and Mediterranean Peoples .
I. The Great Karnak Inscription . . . .
I1. The Cairo Column . . . . . . .
.
I11 The Athribis Stela . . . . . . .
.
IV The Hymn of Victory . . . . . .
Inscriptions of the High Priest of Amon, Roy . .
Daybook of a Frontier Official . . . . . .
Letter of a Frontier Official . . . . . .
Reign of Siptah . . . . . . . . . .
Nubian Graffiti . . . . . . . . .
xxii TABLE O F CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

.
Fig. I Plan of the Reliefs of Seti I. on the North Wall of the
Great Hall of Karnak . . . . . . . .
Fig. a . Seti I on the Route through Southern Palestine
(Scene I) . . . . . . . . . . .
Fig. 3. Showing Two Superimposed Figures . . . . .
Fig . 4. Inserted Figure of "First King's-Son" . . . .
Fig. 5 . An Unknown Prince Following the Chariot of Seti I
(Scene 14) . . . . . . . . . .
Fig. 6. Figure of an Unknown Prince Inserted in a Fragmen-
tary Scene (5 130) . . . . . . . . .
Fig. 7. Map of the Orontes Valley in the Vicinity of
Kadesh . . . . . . . . . . .
Fig. 8. March to Kadesh: First Positions . . . . .
Fig. g . Battle of Kadesh: Second Positions . . . . .
Fig . 10. Battle of Kadesh: Third Positions . . . . .
Fig . 11. Battle of Kadesh: Fourth Positions . . . .
Fig.12. BattleofKadesh: FifthPositions . . . . .
Fig . 13. The Modern Mound of Kadesh . . . . .

VOLUME IV
THETWENTIETH
DYNASTY . . . . . . .
Reign of Ramses I11 . . . . . . . .
Medinet Habu Temple . . . . . . . .
Building and Dedication Inscriptions . . . .
Historical Inscriptions . . . . . . .
I. Treasury of Medinet Habu Temple . . .
I1. First Libyan War. Year 5 . . . . .
I . Great Inscription in the Second Court
(Year 5) . . . . . . . . .
I11. Northern War. Year 8 . . . . . .
I . Great Inscription on the Second Pylon.
Year 8 . . . . . . . . .
2 . Relief Scenes Outside North Wall and in
Second Court. Year 8 . . . . .
IV . Second Libyan War . . . . . .
 TABLE OF CONTENTS .
I . Great Inscription on the First Pyl Jn (Medi-
net Habu) . . . . . . .
2 . Poem on Second Libyan War . . .
3 . Relief Scenes on First Pylon and Outside
North Wall (Medinet Habu) . . .
.
4 Papyrus Harris . . . . . .
.
V The Syrian War . . . . . . .
VI . The Nubian War . . . . . .
Medinet Habu Temple Calendar . . . . .
Act of Endowment of the Temples of Khnum . .
Papyrus Harris . . . . . . . . .
Discussion of . . . . . . . . .
Content :
I. Introduction . . . . . . . .
.
I1 Theban Section . . . . . . .
.
I11 Heliopolitan Section . . . . . .
.
IV Memphite Section . . . . . . .
.
V General Section (Small Temples) . . .
.
VI Summary . . . . . . . .
VII. Historical Section . . . . . . .
Record of the Royal Jubilee . . . . . .
Records of the Harem Conspiracy . . . . .
I. Appointment of the Court . . . . .
'I1. The Condemned of the First Prosecution . .
I11. The Condemned of the Second Prosecution .
IV. The Condemned of the Third Prosecution . .
V. The Condemned of the Fourth Prosecution .
VI . The Acquitted . . . . . . . .
VII . The Practicers of Magic . . . . .
Reign of Ramses IV . . . . . . . . .
Hamrnamat Stela . . . . . . . . .
.
I The First Stela . . . . . . . .
.
I1 The Second Stela . . . . . . .
Abydos Stela . . . . . . . . . .
Building Inscription of the Rhonsu Temple . . .
Reign of Ramses V . . . . . . . . .
Tomb Dedication . . . . . . . . .
Reign of Ramses VI . . . . . . . . .
xxiv TABLE OF CONTENTS

Tomb of Penno . . . . . . . . .
Reign of Ramses VII . . . . . . . .
Stela of Hori . . . . . . . . . .
Reign of Ramses IX . . . . . . . . .
Inscriptions of the High Priest of Amon. Amenhotep
I. Building Inscriptions . . . . . .
I1. Records of Rewards . . . . . .
The Records of the Royal Tomb-Robberies . . .
I. Papyrus Abbott . . . . . . . .
I1. Papyrus Amherst . . . . . . .
I11. Turin Fragment . . . . . . .
IV . Mayer Papyri . . . . . . . .
Reign of Ramses XI1 . . . . . . . .
The Report of Wenamon . . . . . . .
Records of the Restoration of the Royal Mummies .
Letter to the Viceroy of Kush . . . . . .
Building Inscriptions in the Temple of Khonsu . .
THETWENTY-FIRST .
DYNASTY . . . . . .
The Twenty-First Dynasty . . . . . . .
Reign of Hrihor . . . . . . . . .
Inscriptions of the Temple of Khonsu . . . .
Reign of Nesubenebded . . . . . . .
Gebelen Inscription . . . . . . . .
Reign of the High Priest and King Paynozem I . .
I. Paynozem I as High Priest . . . . .
BuildingInscriptions . . . . . .
Records on the Royal Mummies . . . .
I1. Paynozem I as King . . . . . .
Records on the Royal Mummies . . . .
BuildingInscriptions . . . . . .
High Priesthood of Menkheperre . . . . .
Stela of the Banishment . . . . . . .
Record of Restoration . . . . . . .
Karnak Graffito . . . . . . . . .
Records on the Royal Mummies . . . . .
High Priesthood of Paynozem I1 . . . . .
Records on the Priestly Mummies . . . . .
Records on the Royal Mummies . . . . .
 TABLE O F CONTENTS

Record of Paynozem 11's Burial . . . . .

Stela of the "Great Chief of Me. " Sheshonk . .
High Priesthood of Pesibkhenno . . . . .
Records on Mummy-Wrappings . . . . .
Burial of Nesikhonsu . . . . . . .
Records on the Royal Mummies . . . . .
THETWENTY-SECONDDYNASTY . . . . . .
Records of Nile-Levels at Karnak . . . . .
Reign of Sheshonk I . . . . . . . .
Records on Mummy-Bandages of Zeptahefonekh . .
Building Inscription . . . . . . . .
Great Karnak Relief . . . . . . . .
Presentation of Tribute . . . . . . .
Karnak Stela . . . . . . . . . .
Dakhel Stela . . . . . . . . . .
Reign of Osorkon I . . . . . . . . .
Record of Temple Gifts . . . . . . .
Reign of Takelot I . . . . . . . . .
Statue of the Nile-God Dedicated by the High Priest.
Sheshonk . . . . . . . . . .
Reign of Osorkon I1. . . . . . . . .
Flood Inscription . . . . . . . . .
Statue Inscription . . . . . . . . .
Jubilee Inscriptions . . . . . . . .
Reign of Takelot I1 . . . . . . . . .
Graffito of Harsiese . . . . . . . .
Stela of Kerome . . . . . . . . .
Reign of Sheshonk 111 . . . . . . . .
Annals of the High Priest of Amon. Osorkon . . .
I. East of Door . . . . . . . .
I1. West of Door . . . . . . . .
FirstSerapeumStelaofPediese . . . . . .
Record of Installation . . . . . . . .
Reign of Pemou . . . . . . . . . .
Second Serapeurn Stela of Pediese . . . . .
Reign of Sheshonk IV . . . . . . . .
Stela of Weshtehet . . . . . . . .
xxvi TABLE O F CONTENTS
$5
Serapeum Stela of Harpeson . . . . . 785-792
THETWENTY.THIRDDYNASTY . . . . . . 793-883
Records of Nile-Levels at Karnak . . . . . 793-794
Reign of Osorkon I11 . . . . . . . . 795
Will of Yewelot . . . . . . . . . 795
Reign of Piankhi . . . . . . . . . 796-883
The Piankhi Stela . . . . . . . . . 796-883
THETWENTY-FOURTHDYNASTY . . . . . . 884
Reign of Bocchoris . . . . . . . . . 884
Serapeurn Stelae . . . . . . . . . 884
THETWENTY-FIFTH
DYNASTY . . . . . 885-934
Records of the Nile-Levels at Karnak . 885-888
Reign of Shabaka . . . . . . . . . 889
Building Inscription . . . . . . . . 889
Reign of Taharka . . . . . . . . . 892-9 I8
Tanis Stela . . . . . . . . . . 892-896
Building Inscription in Large Cliff-Temple of Napata 897-900
Inscription of Mentemhet . . . . . . . 901316
Serapeum Stela . . . . . . . . . 917-918
Reign of Tanutamon . . . . . . . 919-934
Stela of Tanutamon . . . . . . . 919-934
THETWENTY-SIXTH DYNASTY . . . . . . 935-1029
Reign of Psamtik I . . . . . . . . 935-973
Adoption Stela of Nitocris . . . . . . 935-958
Statue Inscription of the Chief Steward, Ibe . . 958A-958M
First Serapeum Stela . . . . . . . 959-962
Second Serapeum Stela . . . . . . . 963-966
Statue Inscription of Hor . . . . . . 967-973
Reign of Necho . . . . . . . . . . 974-980
Serapeum Stela . . . . . . . . 974-979
Building Inscription . . . . . . . . 980
Reign of Psamtik I1 . . . . . . . . 981-983
Statue Inscription of Neferibre-Nofer . . . . 981-983
Reign of Apries . . . . . . . . . 984-995
Serapeum Stela . . . . . . . . . 984-988
Stela of the Divine Consort Enekhnesneferibre . 988A-988J
InscriptionofNesuhor . . . . . . . 989-995
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ReignofAmasis(AhmoseI1). . . . . .
Elephantine Stela . . . . . . . .
Serapeurn Stela . . . . . . . .
Statue Inscription of the General Ahmose . .
.
Statue Inscription of Pefnefdineit . . .
Mortuary Stelse of the Priest Psamtik . . .
LIST OF FIGURES
TAQl
.
Plan of Scenes and Inscriptions in Medinet Habu Temple . 5

INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . .521
EXPLANATION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL SIGNS AND
SPECIAL CHARACTERS
I. The introductions to the documents are in twelve-
point type, like these lines.
2. All of the translations are in ten-point type, like this line.
3. In the footnotes and introductions all quotations from
the documents in the original words of the translation are
in italics, inclosed in quotation marks. Italics are not
employed in the text of the volumes for any other purpose
except for titles.
4. The lines of the original document are indicated in
the translation by superior numbers.
5. The loss of a word in the original is indicated by
-, two words by - -, three words by - - --, four
words by - - - -, five words by - - - - -, and
more than five by . A word in the original is
estimated at a "square" as known to Egyptologists, and
the estimate can be but a very rough one.
6. When any of the dashes, like those of No. 5 , are in-
closed in half-brackets, the dashes so inclosed indicate not
lost, but uncertain words. Thus -'7 represents one un-
certain word, r- -1 two vncertain words, and r I
more than five uncertain 4 s .
7. When a word or grcwof words are inclosed in half-
brackets, the words so inclosed are uncertain in meaning;
that is, the translation is not above question.
8. Roman numerals I, 11, 111, and IV, not preceded by
the title of any book or journal, refer to these four volumes
of Historical Documents. The Arabic numerals following
such Romans refer to the numbered paragraphs of these
volumes. All paragraph marks ($ and $0, without a
Roman) refer to paragraphs of the same volume.
g. For signs used in transliteration, see Vol. I, p. xv.
xxviii
THE NINETEENTH DYNASTY
 REIGN OF HARMHAR
TOMB OF HARMHABa
I.This splendid limestone tomb'was built by the general,
Harmhab, who afterward became King Harmhab. His
career before he gained the throne is openly narrated in
his Coronation Inscription ($§ 22 ff.); but the first step
in the study of his life is the demonstration of the identity
of the general and the king. This was first proved by
the observation that the Vienna fragment inay be fitted
upon the Leyden blocksb ($5 2-13). The construction
of the tomb and execution of the reliefs belong to a
period either just before or just after the Aton heresy of
Ikhnaton; for Harmhab, in praising King Ikhnaton, states
that he owes his kingdom to Amonc (8 8); furthermore,
the gods of Heliopolis -Horus, Osiris, Isis, Nephthys,
and Hathor-are mentioned. As Amon is not erased in
the tomb, this, with the mention of the other gods, would
indicate that the tomb was constructed under Ikhnaton's
weak successors, after the resumption of the Amon-
worship, at a time when the commemoration of Harm-
hab's favor under Ikhnaton was not yet a political faux
pas. But this is not certain.

*It originally stood in Sakkara, but has been ruthlessly destroyed. The few
fragments which have survived are now in six different museums.
bSee my remarks, Zeitschrift fiJr agyptische Sprache, 38,47 ff.
cThis has little or no bearing on the date of the event depicted in the relief, but
only on the date of the execution of the relief. The later insertion of the uraeus
shows that an anachronism like the assumed mention of Amon in Ikhnaton's
presence might easily be perpetrated after the worship of Amon had been
resumed.
4 NINETEENTH DYNASTY: HARMHAB [§ 2

I. LEYDEN FRAGMENTSa

2. The hawk-headed Re, enthroned, is worshiped by the

deceased, standing, who "shows in his body exactly those
deformities by which the king Chu-en-Aten is to be recog-
nized. The belly projects forward prominently, and heavy
masses of fat are distributed along the entire body. His
hair is curled, and about the neck he wears the braided
necklace with which Chu-en-Aten was accustomed to
reward his most faithful servants." The inscription of
twelve very short vertical lines over the heads of the
figures, is as follows:

Over the God

3. I. Harakhte! Great god, lord of heaven, lord of earth; who
cometh forth from the horizon. He illuminateth the Two Lands, the
sun of darkness, as the great one, as Re.

Over Harmlzab
4. Praise to thee! Re, lord of truth, great god, sovereign of Heli-
opolis! May he grant a fortunate life, "
in eternity, glory in heaven,
favor in earth, for the ka of the commander in chief of the army,
Harmhab, triumphant.

5 . The content of the inscription, like the reliefs, shows

plain traces of the influence of Ikhnaton's movement; al-
though Aton is not mentioned. The following reliefs show
clearly the relation of Harmhab to Ikhnaton.

"These fragments have never been published entire.

bLeyden Museum, V, 29; a rectangular tablet, the text of which was published
by Wiedemann (Zeitschrift fur iigyptisclze Sprache, 1885, 80,81)without the reliefs
of which he offers the above description.
8 01 TOMB OF HARMKAB 5

2. REWARD OF GOLDa

6. These reliefs are in two ~ e r i e s ,both~ representing

Harmhab receiving the reward of gold from his king.
7. In the first series, the figure of the king (at the extreme
right) is lost. Harmhab, wearing the uraeus, and with hands
raised in rejoicing, is loaded with collars of gold; behind
him (at the left) approach two long double lines of Asiatics,
each pair led by two Egyptians; over these were lines of
horsemen !"
8. In the second series, the lower portion of the king's
figure (at the extreme left) is preserved and shows unmis-
takably the peculiar characteristics found only in the repre-
sentations of Ikhnaton. His queen stands behind him, as
in the similar scenes at Amarna, and showing the same
peculiarities of style. Below is Harmhab alone,d his neck
loaded with golden collars, having before him the lower ends
of three lines of inscription, as follows:
'[Speech] in his presence, by the hereditary prince, count,
sole companion, king's-scribe, Harmhab, triumphant. He says, while
he answers =[the king] [rThe kingdom is thinevorever and
ever; Amon has assigned it to thee. They muster [every] country
3 in their heart as one. Thy name is a fire 4
9. Adjoining this scene on the right is a continuation,

&Thesereliefs have never been published. I secured photographs of them

through the kindness of Dr. Pleyte. They are described by Leemans, Description
raisonne'e des monuments kgyptielzs, 40-41, C , 1-3; see also Leemans, Monumen4s
dzc Mushe dd'Antiquite's,I , 31-34.
bThe upper portion, containing the inscriptions in each series, is unfortunately
lost, and the extreme lower ends of a few lines remain.
cOnly a long line of prancing horses' feet are visible; as there are no chariot
wheels among them, and no human feet of men leading them (except at the extreme
front), we may suppose that we have here a unique scene on an Egyptian monu-
ment- troop of Asiatic horsemen. That the horses are being driven in a loose
herd in the presence of the king is also possible.
dThe head is lost, but of course it would show the uraeus, as everywhere else
in the tomb.
6 NINETEENTH DYNASTY: HARMHAB [Q10

showing Harmhah (on the left) received with acclamation

by his household servantsa (on the right), as he returns
wearing his newly received collars of gold. Resides his two
Egyptian servants appears a group of A s i a t i ~ s like
, ~ those
in the first scene, all in postures of extravagant joy."

10. The block contains a text of eight vertical lines above

a relief scene, representing a group of Egyptian officials
bowing (toward the left) to their superior, Harml~ab(his
figure is lost on the left), who is giving them instructions
regarding the disposition of certain Asiatics, whose town
has been attacked, plundered, and destroyed. The whole
description shows that we have in these Asiatics, fugitives
from the conditions in Palestine described in the Amarna
Letters at this time. The arrival of these people must have
fallen under the reign of Ikhnaton or his immediate suc-
cessors. They desire a home in Egypt, as they say, "after
the manner of your fathers' fathers since the beginning."
This, with the letter in Papyrus Anastasie (VI, 4, 13 ff., and
5 , I ff.), makes quite certain the custom of allowing the
Asiatic Bedwin the privilege of settling in Egypt, to pasture
their herds in the eastern Delta in times of distress, and is

aThe same in the tomb of Eye at Amarna.

bTwo Libyans are among them.
cone of them is on his back, and one on his belly. This explains the greeting
. ..
in the Amarna letters: "At the feet of my lord the king . . . seven times and
seven times with breast and back, I throw myself" (ed. Winckler, p. 285, No. 158,
11. 9-13). No. 157 has: "with belly and back."
dIn the imperial collection; published by Wiedemann, Proceedirtgs oi the
Society of Biblical A r c h d o g y , X I , 425; and Bergrnann, Zeitschrift fiir agyptische
Sprachr, X X V I I , 125-27. Neither publishes the reliefs, for which I had my own
photopaph and collation of the original. I have published the photograph showing
the relief in ibid., 38, 47.
"$5 637 ff.
S 1.1 TOMB OF HARMHAB 7

an interesting parallel to the similar favor shown to Abra-

ham and the kindred of Joseph.
I I . These seven lines read :
I a Asiatics; others have been placed in their abodes
2
they have been destroyed, and their town laid waste, and fire
has been thrown 3 Pthey have come to entreatq the Great in
Strength to send his mighty sword before 4 . Their countries
are starving, they live like goats of the mountain, [their] childrenc -5
saying: "A few of the Asiatics, who knew not how they should live,
have come 6[rbeggling [ra home in the domainld of Pharaoh, L. P. H.,
after the manner of youre fathers' fathers since the beginning, under
7 . Now, the Pharaoh, L. P. H., gives them into youre hand,
to protect their borders."
12. Behind the officials receiving these instructions stood
the Asiatics mentioned, as is shown by the fragment of one
line of their inscription still surviving. I t reads:
their boundaries - - rLord1 of the Two Lands. They
give praise to the Good God, the Great in Strength, Zeserkheprure
(Harmhab).
Now, as this Vienna block has been shown to belong to
the Leyden reliefs,* the conclusion would be that the royal
figure in the Leyden reliefs must be King Harmhab. But
the royal figure is clearly that of Ikhnaton. The difficulty is
solved by the explanation of another incongruity in the
tomb. Throughout its reliefs the figure of the general,
Harmhab, wears the uraeus. This uraeus, as has been

aAn uncertain amount is lacking at the beginning of each line; this is left
unindicated by Wiedemann.
bprobably, "fire has been thrown [into their grain];" see I , 658, 11. 15, 16.
cAn obvious emendation.
dThe restoratio~is exceedingly uncertain, but something similar must be
supplied.
eplural.
f I have published the Vienna block and the adjoining Leyden fragments in
Zeitschrift fiir iigYptische Sprache, 38, 47.
8 NINETEENTH DYNASTY: HARMHAB 15 13

clearly proved," is a later insertion after the reliefs were

finished. Hence the name of King Harmhab is a similar
later insertion, and the Asiatics bowing, of course, like the
officials, originally to the general Harn~hab,are now rep-
resented as giving praise to the king Harmhab. The
identity of the general and the king is thus demonstrated.

111. ALEXANDRIA FRL2GhlENTS

The text recounted a journey of Harmhab to the

13.
upper Nile, as messenger of some king-a journey from
which he returned successfully, bringing tribute which the
king publicly inspected. Under this text is the figure of
Harmhab wearing the uraeus and leaning on a staff.
I 1-'' He was sent as royal messenger as far as Aton
shines, coming 3r 1 no land stood before him; 4he captured it
in the passing of a moment. His name shall be remembered in sthe
land of r- - -1 He sailed northward. Behold, his majesty 6appeared
upon a dais (used) at the bringingC in of tribute 'and the [tribute] sof
south and north was brought in. gBehold, the prince, IOHarmhab,
triumphant, '"stood by the side of

IV. B R I T I S H MUSEUM FRAGMENTS

14. These monuments are chiefly of a religious nature,

but the movement of Ikhnaton was so largely religious that

"Zeitschrift jiir ayptische Sprach,e, 38, 49, 50. The fan which Harmhab
carries in his hand, has been shifted to one side and distorted. The old lines still
visible show that in its original position, the top of the fan would have interfered
with the uraeus; hence it was shifted aside to insert the uraeus.
bIn the Collection Zizinia; published by TViedemann, Proceedings of the
Society of Biblical Archeology, X I , 424; it contains portions of eleven lines, the
first and last very broken, and the beginning of all the lines wanting.
CEgyptian idiom, " a dais of the bringing i n o) tribute."
dNos. 550 and 552; Birch, Guide to the Egyptian Galleries, 36; Sharpe,
Egyptian Inscriptions, 11, 92 ; excellent photographs by Clark and Davies, London;
I had also my own copy.
5 161 TOMB OF HARMHAB 9

such texts from the transition period are historically impor-

tant. Furthermore, the titles of Harmhab which they con-
tain indicate unusual powers and connect the owner of this
tomb with the Harmhab of the Turin inscription (is22 ff.),
thus confirming the identity of the general and the king,
Harmhab.
IS. Each of the doorposts has below a figure of Harmhab
in adoration, wearing the uraeus as usual, and having
strapped to his back his fan, as insignium of his office.
His form clearly shows traces of the style of art which pre-
vailed under Ikhnaton, e. g., the thin ankles, above which
the limbs thicken too suddenly.
16. The texts are in six vertical lines above and before
the figures, one being a Sun-Hymn, as follows:
'Utterance of the hereditary prince, Harmhab, triumphant, when he
worships Re at his rising, saying:
"Praise to thee! who becomesta every day,
, "Who begettest thyselfa each morning,
"Who comesta forth from the body of thya mother without ceasing.
"The two regions come to thee bowing down,
"They give to thee praise, when thou risest,
"When thou hast illuminated the earth with brightness.
"*Thy divine limbs flame as a mighty one in the heavens,
"Excellent god, eternal king,

"Lord of brightness, ruler of light,

"Upon his throne in the Morning-Barque,
"Great in brilliance in the Evening-Barque,
"Divine youth, heir of eternity,
Who begetteth himseIf, who generateth himself.
"The great ennead worship thee,
"3The lesser ennead exult to thee;
"They praise thee in thy beautiful forms,
"With thy brilliance in the Evening-Barque,
"As when the sacred apes spy thee.

=The Egyptian idiom requires third person here.

10 NINETEENTH DYNASTY: HARMHAB [817

"4Rise thou, thy heart glad,

"With thy diadems in the horizon of heaven;
"Grant thou glory in heaven,
"Power in earth,a
"That I may go forth among thy followers sof every day;
"That my heart may be satisfied with all offerings,
"May receive flower-offerings, from the sanctuary (het-bnbn),
"Upon the table of the lords of Heliopolis."
6By the hereditary prince, count, wearer of the royal seal, sole com-
panion, privy councilor of the palace, superior in the whole land, fan-
bearer at the right of the king, general of the Lord of the Two Lands,
real king's-scribe, his beloved, the hereditary prince, Harmhab.
17. The other doorpost bears the usual prayer to Osiris
(but is important for the titles of Harmhab), as follows:
'Praise to thee ! Presider over the west; Osiris, ruler of eternity;
Wennofer, lord of Tazoser; Anubis, lord of Rosta; the gods, lords of
the necropolis. May they grant bread, beer, oxen, fowl, libations of
water, wine and milk for the hereditary prince, the general in chief of
the Lord of the Two Lands, king's-scribe, *scribe of recruits, fan-bearer
at the right hand of the king, overseer, giving satisfaction in the whole
land, great in his office, great in rank, the two eyes of the king in the
Two Lands, favorite of Horus in the palace, satisfying the heart of the
king, swith all monuments, overseer of works in the mountain of grit-
stone: deputy of the king, presiding over the Two Lands, Harmhab,
triumphant; he saith: "Homage to thee! Presider over the west, Osiris
in the midst of Abydos. 4 1 have come to thee (extending) my two
hands in adoration of the beauty of thy majesty. Set thou me among
thy followers, like the glorious ones who enter sthe nether world, who
live in truth every day. May I be one among them, (for) my
abomination was lying, I executed %ruth upon earth without neg-
lecting it.
"For the ka of the hereditary prince, real king's-scribe, his be-
loved, deputy of the king in the whole land, general in chief, Harmhab,
triumphant."

aCf. the prayer on the second Leyden fragment.

bCf. Inscription of Amenhotep, son of Hapi (IT, 917,1. 43).
H 201 TOMB OF HARMHAB XI

2. STELA WITH THREE HY3dNSa

18. Above, occupying about one-third of the stela, is a

relief showing the divinities Harakhte, Thoth, and Mat,
standing, before whom stands Harmhab worshiping. His
head is (in the photograph) almost wholly destroyed, and
the uraeus, if present, cannot be discerned. Over Re are
the words : "Harakhte, only god, k i ~ gof the gods; he rises in
the west, he sendeth his beauty --. " Thoth and Mat bear
the usual titles, while before Harmhab is a magical prayer.
19. The text of twenty-five lines addresses one after the
other, Re, Thoth, and Mat, with the usual praise and
prayers. These show clearly that the old traditional views
are in full sway, although Aton is mentioned in 1. 2 : ('Thou
art beautiful, youthjul, as Aton before thy mother Hathor."
The hymn is very interesting, but not historically important.
V. CAIRO FRAGMENTS
20. TWOblock^,^ apparently doorposts, contain the fol-
lowing important titles of Harmhab above his figure on each
block seated at an offering-table and wearing the uraeus.
Each column begins with: ('Hereditary prince, count; wearer
of the royal seal, sole companion;" and then proceeds with
the further titles:
'Privy councilor of the palace (pr-stny), great in love with his lord,
chief prophet of Horus, lord of Sebi (SEy);C for the ka of the general in
chief, Harmhab. 2Prince of the greatest of the companions, confidant of
especial confidants (conclusion as in 1. I); sking's-follower on his expe-

=Published by Meyer, Zeitschrift fur agyptische Sprache, 1877,148 ff.; photo-

graph by Clark and Davies; I had also my own copy from the original.
bMariette, Monuments divers, 74 =Roug6, Inscriptions hi6roglyphips, CVII-
CVIII.
cThe place is unknown, but is probably connected, if not identical, with Ala-
bastronpolis, the patron deity of which was also Horus; this Horus is the one whom
the king claim as his special patron at his coronation (5 27). The title, "chief
prophet," is an old nomarch title, and of course descended to Harmhab from his
ancestors at Alabastronpolis.
12 NINETEENTH DYNASTY: HARMHAB [6 21

ditions in the south and north country (conclusion as in 1. I). 4Great-

est of the great, mightiest of the mighty; great lord of the people (con-
clusion as in 1. I). SKing's-messenger at the head of his army, to the
south and north country (conclusion as in 1. I). Thosen of the king,
presider over the Two Lands, in order to carry on the administration of
the Two Lands, general of generals of the Lord of the Two Lands; for
the ka of the real king's-scribe, his beloved, Harmhab. 7Giving sat-
isfaction in the entire land, privy councilor of the palace, unique in
his qualities, recorder of the troops; for the ka of the chief steward,
Harmhab. scornpanion of the feet of his lord upon the battlefield on
that day of slaying the Asiatics ( S t t y ~ (conclusion
) ~ as in 1. I).
21.Several other fragments in Cairo contain the con-
ventional mortuary prayers%nd show Harmhab wearing
the uraeusc and kneeling before various divinities, chiefly
Osiris, Isis, and Nephthys. Finally there are two fragments
in Bologna not noted heretofore; oned shows him wearing
the uraeus, and plowing in the fields of Yaru in the here-
after; the othere contains part of an historical scene, show-
ing the presentation of Negro captives, and mentioning the
tribute of Palestine.

CORONATION INSCRIPTION
This important inscription relates: (I) the youth
22.
01. 1-5); (2) career at court (11. 5-12); (3) coronation in

aIt is impossible to suppose that Ikhnaton is the king meant here; it must be
one of his successors, probably Tutenkhaton, by whom tribute was received from
the north.

CMariette, Monume7tts divers, 75

XXXVI f.
-
bRougC, Inscriptions hi6roglypJz~ques,CIV-CVI.
Roug6, Inscri9tions hi6rogZyphiques,

dNo. 1885. The fragment does not bear the name of Harmhab anywhere,
but is identical in style with the known fragments of his tomb, and as the uraeus
is clearly a later insertion throughout the fragment (six lines), it is undoubtedly
another hitherto unnoticed wanderer from Harmhab's tomb.
eNo. 1165. The style is unquestionably suiKcient to identify this piece as
belonging to the same tomb.
f Engraved "on the back of a black granite group of two seated statues in the
S 221 CORONATION INSCRIPTION 13

Thebes (11. 12-21); and (4) the early reign (11. 21-26) of
Harmhab. It shows clearly this king's obscure origin and
his rise, through continued favor at court, to the kingship.
The king who favored him is not mentioned; but the Leyden
tomb reliefs ($$ 2 ff.) show that he was a favorite of Ikhnaton.
I t is possible that he is to be found among Ikhnaton's favor-
ites at Amarna as Patonemhab." He also enjoyed the
favor of T ~ t e n k h a m o nand
, ~ it must have been one of these
two kings of whom he speaks; probably the latter. He was
the descendant of an old nomarchical house at Alabastron-
polis. Rising from such beginnings, throughout the pre-
carious reigns of Ikhnaton's successors, Harmhab skilfully
maintained himself, and gradually gained a position of such
power that by conciliating the priestly party of Amon, which
was then again in the ascendant, he finally succeeded in
seizing the throne. Thus, after their long struggle with the
Aton heresy, we see the Amonite priests seating a second
Pharaoh on the throne, as they had seated Thutmose 111.
From his home in Alabastronpolis he is led by Horus, as the
piously veiled language of the inscription pits it, into the
presence of Amon at Thebes, where he is crowned and his
Museum of Turin," representing Harmhab and his wife, Mutnennet. The two
sides also contained texts, which have disappeared, with the exception of nineteen
signs on the lady's side, among which her name occurs. The statues are described
by Birch (Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaology, 111, 486ff.), who
gives other references. The text of twenty-six lines was published by Birch
(ibid., facing p. 486) from a sketch by Bonomi, which the latter made from a
squeeze taken by himself. It is very inaccurate, as Birch evidently worked from
the squeeze in translating, and did not revise Bonomi's sketch. It was pub-
lished again by Brugsch (Thesaurus, V, 1073-78), also very inaccurately. I
have copied the original in Turin and collated the copy with the Berlin squeeze
(No. 1253). This I again collated with the original in Turin.
aRec?ceil, XV, 50. The tomb of this man is at Amarna. Such a change of
name, involving the substitution of Aton for Horus (Har), is common at this time.
But I am more inclined to find in Patonemhab the man who was won to Harmhab's
cause and became high priest of Re at Heliopolis, with the name Premhab
(Recueil, XVI, 123 f.).
bSayce, Proceedings of tlze Society of Biblical Arch.ceoZogy, XXI, 141.
14 NINETEENTH DYNASTY: HARMHAB [8 23

titulary fixed by the gods. To make his claim on the crown

legitimate, however, he next proceeds to the palace of the
princess, Mutnezmet, the sister of Ikhnaton's queen, Nefer-
nefruaton-Nofretete, who, although advanced in years, was
a princess of the royal line, and is there recognized as her
husband.
23. After the celebration of a feast in Luxor, the king
proceeds northward, to restore the temples of the gods-
an interesting indication of the destructive work of Ikhnaton's
reform, in abolishing the old cults. Thus the old order and,
particularly, the unchecked domination of Amon are restored.
The calendar of feasts was immediately resumed and before
he left Thebes, he celebrated the Feast of Ptah in his Theban
temple. He left a recorda of it in the Ptah-temple there:
Year I, fourth month of the first season, day 2 2 , of the King Harm-
hab,b the day of the feast of "Ptah-South-of-His-Wall," lord of " Life-of-
the-Two-Lands" in Thebes; at his feast were founded [the offerings]
of the ancestors J ~ C

This record enables us to determine that Harmhab re-

mained in Thebes at least two months ; for it is to be inferred
that he was present at the above feast, which is about two
months later than the Feast of Opet, during which he arrived
at Thebes for his coronation.
Youth
24. I [Horus: Mighty Bull, Ready in Plans; Favorite of
the Two Goddesses: Great in Marvels in Karnak; Golden Horus: Sat-

aMariette, Karnak, Pl. 47, D; Legrain, Annales, 111, 100.

bDouble name.
~Douhtlessa list of the restored offerings followed. A stela commemorating
Harmhah's pious works in this temple has suffered too much to discern its content
(Annales, 111, 111, 112).
dThe lacuna contained either: (I) the date, followed as usual by "under the
majesty of" and the royal titulary; or (2) the frequent opening formulary, "Live
the Horus," followed by the titulary.
0 251 CORONATION INSCRIPTION I5

islafied with Truth, Creator of the Two Lands$ King of IJpper and
Lower Egypt, Lord of the Two Lands: Zeserkheprure, S e t e ~ n e r e ;Son
~
of Re, Lord of Diadems: Beloved of Amon, Harmhab,d [Beloved of]
Horus, lord of Alabastronpolise - -2 *---- Bull
-of
-3 his mother,
Amon, king of gods, was the one who brought him up; Har-si-ese, his
guardian was the protector of his limbs. He came forth from the body,
clothed with strength; the hue of a god was upon him; he made - -
3 the arm was dropped to him as a child, obeisance among
great and small, r-x him food and eatables, while he was a child, with-
out his counsel 4 great before all the land; the form of a god
was in his color, before the beholder of his form, the strength of his
father, Horus. He set himself behind him; he that created him exerted
his protection. The people brought all r-1- 5 j he knew the
day of his satisfaction, to give to him his kingdom.
-4ppointnzent to Office
25. Behold, this god exalted his son before all the land;k he desired
to extend his steps, until the coming of the day of his receiving his
office, that he might give of his time. The heart of the king
was satisfied with his affairs; (he) rejoiced at his choice; he appointed
him to be chief (r '-hry) of the land, to administer the laws of the Two
Lands as hereditary prince of all this land; he was unique, without his
second. The plans 7 ". ['He astonished11 the people, by that
which came out of his mouth. When he was summoned before the
king, the palace, it began to fear. When he opened his mouth, when
he replied to the king, he pleased him with that which came out of his
mouth. The only excellent one, without 8[his rsecondl] m

aThe lacking portion of the full titulary is restored from the Karnak pylons of
Harmhab, cf. Brugsch-Bouriant, Le livre des rois, 56, 5 7 .
bInconectly copied as a t by Birch.
~Mcaning: "Splendid (is) the being of Re, Chosen of Re."
aMeaning: "Horus at the feast."
eThis shows that the statue came from Alabastronpolis; it is omitted by
Brugsch.
fBirch adds "Good God," but it is not in his text. hAbout one-third line.
gAbout one-third line. 'Over one-quarter line.
jOver one-quarter line. The subject of the verb is some god, as is evident
from the next sentence.
kWith the determinative of people.
'Over one-quarter line. mAbout one-quarter line.
16 NINETEENTH DYNASTY : IlARMHAB [S 26

His every plan was in the footsteps of the Ibis.a His decisions wereb
in accord withb the Lord of H e ~ r e t rejoicing
;~ in accustomed usage like
Thoth, pleased of heart therewith like Ptah. When he woke in the
morning, he presented her rdues; [the way1 9 " his affairs. As
for one who walks in herd way, it is she who protects him on earth
forever.
Appointed Deputy
26. Behold, he administered the Two Lands during a period of
many years; there reported'[to himIe I0 there [bowed down]
to him the council in obeisance at the front of the palace, there came to
him the chiefs of the Nine Bows, South as well as North; their hands
were spread out in his presence, they offered praise to his face as (to) a
god. All that was done was done under command I1[from himlf
C. When he came, the fear of him was great in the sight of
the people; prosperity and healthg were besought for him; he was
greeted: "Father of the Two Lands, excellent counsel of divine gift,h
in order to administer I a ~ T C

Coronation in Thebes
27. [Now, when many days had]' passed by, while the eldest son
of Horus was chief and hereditary prince in this whole land, behold,
this august god, Horus, lord of Alabastronpolis, his heart desired to
establish his son upon his eternal throne, and [he] commanded IS--
of the -j of Amon. Horus proceeded with rejoicing to Thebes, city
of the lord of eternity, (and with) his son in his embrace to Karnak, to
introduce him before Amon, to assign to him his office of king, to pass
his life (as such). Behold, -41 [[they camel with rejoilcing at
his beautiful feast in Luxor. He1 saw the majesty of this god, Horus,
lord of Alabastronpolis, his son being with him as king, introduced in

aThoth. bLit., "a part of." CAbout one-quarter line.

dThe feminine pronoun in this passage refers to "usage" (1. 8).
OCompare the duties of the vizier, Rekhmire, $692, 1. 22, and 5 706, 1. 29.
f o r only the suffix, "his." gA greeting accorded only to royalty.
bLit., "of that which the god gives."
iThe phrase so common in the folk-tales.
IBirch has "house," but it is not to be gotten from his text.
kAbout one-eighth line. 'Amon.
Q 291 CORONATION INSCRIPTION I7

order to give to hima his office and his throne. Behold, Amon-Re was
filledb with joy when he saw Isphim coming11 on the day .of giving his
offerings. Then he presented himself to this prince, the hereditary
prince, head (br-d' d ') of the Two Lands, Harmhab.

Marriage to Mutnezmet
28. He proceeded to the palace, he brought him before him to the
shrinec of his revered eldest daughter 16- - -. [rShe did3 obeisance
to him, she embraced his beauty, and placed herself before him.

Rejoicing of the Gods

The gods, the lords of the rfire-chamber1were in exultation because
of his coronation; Nekhbet, Buto, Neit, Isis, Nephthys, Horus, Set, all
the ennead of gods who preside over the great throne "lifted praises to
the height of heaven, rejoicing at the satisfaction of Amon: "Behold,
Amon hath come, his son before him, to the palace, to set his crown upon
his head, to lengthen his whole life. We have gathered together, that
we might establish for him Is-. Let us count for him the adornmentsd
of Re; let us praise Amon on his behalf: "Thou hast brought to us
our protector; grant to him the royal jubilees of Re, the years of
Horus as king; for it is he who shall satisfy thy heart in the midst of
Karnak, likewise Heliopolis and Memphis; it is he who shall make
them splendid."
The Gods Fix the Titulary
29. x9Let the great name of this Good God, and his titulary be made
like (that of) the majesty of Re, as follows:
I. Horus: Mighty Bull, Ready in Plans;
2. Favorite of the Two Goddesses; Great in Marvels in Karnak;
3. Golden Horus: Satisfied with Truth, Creator of the Two Lands;
4. King of Upper and Lower Egypt: Zeserkheprure, Setepnere;
5. Son of Re: Mernamon, Harmhab, given life.

aThe ambiguity of the pronouns in this and following sentences is also in the
original.
bLit., "permeated."
cPr-wr. There was, therefore, a shrine or chapel of the "Divilte Consort" in
the king's palace.
dWhich Re once wore as King of Egypt.
I8 NINETEENTH DYNASTY: HARMHAB 18 30

Festival i n Luxor
30. Then came forth to the 1°rreara in the palace the majesty of
this august god, Amon, king of gods, his son being before him. He
embraced his beauty crowned with the royal helmet, in order to assign
to him the circuit of the sun.a The Nine Bows are beneath his feet.
Heaven is in festivity, earth hath joy. The ennead of gods of Egypt,
their hearts are happy. 21Behold,all the land was in joy, they cried
out to heaven; great and small, they took up the jubilation; the whole
land was rejoicing. After the completion of this feast in Luxor, Amon,
king of gods, returned in peace to 2ZThebesb(W' 3. t ) .
Restoration of the Temples
31. His majesty sailed down-stream as the image of Harakhte.
Behold, he organized this land; he adjusted according to the time of Re.
He restored the temples (from) the pools of the marshesC to Nubia
(T '-pdSt). He shaped allstheir images a3rin number3 more than before,
increasing the beauty in that which he made. Re rejoiced when he
saw them, which had been found ruined aforetime. He raised up their
temples. He fashioned IOO images with all (their) bodies correct, and
with all splendid costly stones. '4He sought the precinctsd of the gods,
which were in the districts in this land; he furnished them as they had
been since the time of the first beginning. He established for them a
daily offering every day; all the vessels of their temples =Swerewrought
of silver and gold. He equipped them with priests (w hew), with
ritual priests, and with the choicest of the army. He transferred to
them lands and cattle, supplied with all equipment.
Prayer for the King
32. They rise early to sing to Re in the morning every day: "May-
est thou exalt efor use the kingdom of thy son who satisfies thy heart,
Zeserkheprure, Setepnere (Harmhab). Mayest thou give to him a

aAton.
bThe palace was therefore at Luxor; the god has been at Luxor during the
feast; he went in procession to the palace, and now returns from Luxor to Karnak.
cIn the Delta; hence, from the Delta to Nubia. These temples had been
neglected since the reform of Amenhotep IV.
dThis rare word (b X! 2 y ' t ) will be found applied to the sacred precinct of
the cemetery at Abydos (Mariette, Abydos, I, P1. 19, e).
=Birchhas m (for nn), but as he also renders ")or us," it shows clearly that he
never revised Bonomi's text of the inscription for publication.
Q pc] GRAFFITI I N T H E THEBAN NECROPOLIS I9

myriad of royal jubilees, and cause him to be victorious over all lands,
like Har-si-ese, according as he satisfied thy heart in Heliopolis, united
with thy divine ennead."

GRAFFITI I N T H E THEBAN NECROPOLISa

32A. The significance of these graffiti does not consist
alone in the light which they throw upon the history of the
robbery of the royal tombs at Thebes, showing that their
violation began at least two centuries earlier than we had
supposed; but they reveal to us also the state of anarchy
which followed the religious revolution of Ikhnaton. I t is
only at that time that such an act could have taken place at
Thebes, and we thus discern the turbulent conditions from
which Harmhab rescued the country.
32B. Year 8, third month of the first season (third month), day I ,
under the majesty of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Zeserkhep-
rure-Setepnere, Son of Re, Harmhab-Mernamon.
Command of his majesty, L. P. H., to commission the fan-bearer on
the king's right hand, king's-scribe, overseer of the treasury, chief of
works in the "Eternal Seat" (necropolis), leader of the feast(s) of Amon
in Karnak, Meya (MyJ), son of the judge, Yui (Ywy), born of the
matron, Weret, to restore the burial of King Menkheprure (Mn-&pm-
R C, Thutmose IV), triumphant, in the august houseb on the west of
Thebes.
32C. Beneath is the name of Meya's assistant and the
latter's parents :
His assistant, steward of the Southern City (Thebes), Thutmose, son
of Hatey ( Y J ' t-y y). His mother, Yuh (Ywh), of the City (Thebes).

aWritten with ink on the wall of one of the lower chambers in the tomb of
Thutmose IV in the Valley of the Kings' Tombs at Thebes; published in The
Tomb of Thutmose I V (Mr. Theodore M. Davis' excavations), by Carter and
Newberry, London, 1904%pp. xxxiii-iv, Figs. 7 and 8.
bHis tomb.
 2o NINETEENTH DYNASTY: HARMHAB r13.1

T H E WARS OF HARMHAB
33. Very little is recorded of Harmhab's relations with
the foreign world. The scattered references on the surviving
monuments are gathered here, recording his wars: I, in the
North ($8 34-36); 11, in the South ($8 37-44).
I. I N THE NORTH
34. The character and extent of these wars are very un-
certain. The only sources are : (I) a lista of names, of which
remains of eleven are preserved, among which appears
Kheta; and (2) a relief bshowing Harmhab leading three
lines of captives and presenting them to Amon, Mut, and
Khonsu. The costumes of the captives and their physiog-
nomy indicate Asiatics. The inscriptionc with the middled
row is as follows:
35. The wretched princes of the Haunebu; [they say: "Hail to] thee !
Thy name has encircled the two ends of the earth, among all lands;
every land fears because of thy fame; thy fear is in their heart."
36. The lower row has the following:
The wretched princes of -; [they] say: "Hail to thee! like the
great ; [fear] has entered into their bodies, terror is in their
' hearts."
11. I N THE SOUTH
37. An expedition to Punt, probably of a peaceful nature,
is recorded on the wall connecting Harmhab's two Karnak
pylons." A relief shows the king at the right, holding

aOn the north side of Karnak Pylon X I ; Champollion, Notices descriptives,

11, 178, an?. Recueil, XVI, 42. See Miiller, Mittheilungen der Vorderasiatischen
Gesellschaft, 1897, 111, 276-78.
bRecuei1, XVI, 42 f.
published also by Wiedemann, Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archm-
ology, XI, 423-
dThat of the upper row is lost.
eRelief and inscriptions on the inside (west side) of the wall north of the door
in the middle.
§ 411 T H E WARS OF HARMHAB 21'

audience, receiving the chiefs of Punt approaching from the

left, bearing sacks of gold dust, ostrich feathers, etc. a Their
words are given in an accompanying inscriptionbas follows:
38. Speech of the great chiefs of Punt: "Hail to thee, King of Egypt,
Sun of the Nine Bows! By thy ka! We knew not Egypt; our fathers
had not trodden it. Give us the breath which thou givest. All lands
are under thy feet."
39. Another scenec represents Harmhab presenting the
newly acquired products of Punt to Amon, as indicated in
the accompanying inscription :
Bringing the tribute, by his majesty, to his father Amon; being the
tribute of Punt. " by thy victorious might. Thou hast set
their chiefs in tumult, because of thy terror bearing all their
tribute upon their backs. Great is thy might in every country."
40. A campaign in Kush is recorded in a series of superb
reliefs in the temple which the king had cut in the rocks at
Silsileh.

41.The king, accompanied by a fan-bearer and two

sunshade-bearers, is seated on his throne, which is borne
upon the shoulders of six soldiers. Before him march a
priest offering incense, the Negro captives, and three lines
of soldiers, whose trumpeter blows a fanfare in salutation
of the king.

aOnly the line of Puntite chiefs is published (Mariette, Monuments divers, 88).
bMariette, Monuments divers, 88; Brugsch, Recueil de monuments, 11, 57, 3 -.
Recueil, XVII, 43.
CNowhere published; Wiedemann (Proceedings of the Society of Biblical
Archeology, X I , 424) says: " a fragment lying quite near the wall alludes to them
[Harmhab's victories], showing flowers and other gifts." He then adds the lower
ends of the inscription long ago published, Champollion, Notices descriptives, 11,
180,but without comment. I t is translated above, 5 39.
dAn address of Amon to the king begins in the lacuna.
elepsius, Denkmaler, 111, 12 I , n-b.
22 NINETEENTH DYNASTY: HARMHAB [§ 42
-
Words of the Bearers
42. "All health is with thee, 0 Lord of the Two Lands! Re is
the protection of thy limbs."
Description of the Scene
The Good God comes, he triumphs over the princes of every country.
His bow is in his hand like the lord of Thebes (Montu), puissant king,
mighty in strength, who carries away the princes of wretched Kush,
King Zeserkheprure (Harmhab),a given life. His majesty came from
the land of Kush, with the captives which his sword had made, accord-
ing as his father Amon commanded him.

The king stands before Amon, both grasping a wand

43.
between them.
Inscription : Words of Amon
I have given to thee triumph over the South, victory over the North.

44. A line of Negro captives advancing toward the first

scene.
Words of the Negroes
"Hail to thee, King of Egypt, Sun of the Nine Bows! Thy name is
great in the land of Kush, thy battle-cry is in their abodes. I t is thy
might, 0 good ruler, that makes the countries into heaps, 0 Pharaoh,
L. P. H. ! Thou Sun ! "

EDICT OF HARMHABd
45. This is the most important edict which has come
down to us from ancient Egypt, and it is much to be regretted

*Usual double name and titles.

bBelow at the left, Lepsius, Denkmuler, 111, 20, b.
~Bclowat the right; Lepsius, Denkmiiler, 111, 120, a.
d A large stela discovered by Maspero in February or March, 1882. It is, or
when complete was, about five meters high by three wide, and stands against one
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 So he boldly, but softly, went up the five steps, and, placing his
hands on either side of his face, to shut out the little light of the
moon that, now and then, straggled through the clouds, Ned peered
anxiously into the office. As he had feared he could distinguish
nothing. It was as black as the proverbial pocket.
Ned walked down the steps. As he did so he thought he heard,
from within the mill, a sound, as if a door was slammed. He listened
intently.
“I guess I must have fancied it,” he said. “I must be getting
nervous. That won’t do. All the same I would like to have seen what
Bill Berry did when he looked in while the light was there.”
With this thought in mind Ned moved off. The iron mill took up
quite a large space of ground, what would be termed a city block,
and there were streets on three sides of it, besides a road along the
river, between the stream and the mill. A high fence surrounded all
but the front of the mill, though there were gates in it at intervals to
admit the workmen and teams. To get to his home Ned had to go to
the farthest end of the mill fence, and turn up a street there. He was
walking toward the corner, and was close to it, when he heard
footsteps approaching.
He hesitated a moment. Then he reflected that he had as much
right to be where he was as any one. The footsteps came nearer
and nearer. Then, as Ned proceeded he turned the corner, and came
face to face with Noddy Nixon!
Just then the moon, which had been hidden by a cloud, came out
brightly. By its gleam Ned could distinguish the bully’s features
clearly. They bore a look of mingled rage and fear.
“Hello, Noddy,” said Ned, resolving in spite of all that had taken
place, to speak friendly. “Fine night, isn’t it?”
“Look here!” burst out Noddy. “Are you spying on me? Can’t I go
to the river to get some fish bait without having every young cub in
Cresville at my heels?”
 “I wasn’t spying on you, as you call it,” said Ned quietly, “and if
you think so the less I have to say to you the better off I’ll be.”
“I’ve a mind to knock your head off,” spluttered Noddy. “Just mind
your own business or you’ll get into trouble, and it will be a kind you
won’t like.”
Ned did not deem the remarks worthy of an answer. He turned
and was hurrying past. As he did so he noticed that Noddy held
tightly under one arm a small square box. It seemed to be made of
wood. Catching Ned’s glance at what he carried, Noddy rapidly
shifted the box until it was hidden under his coat. Then, with angry
mutterings, he hurried on.
“Rather a queer sort of box to use for his fish bait,” thought Ned.
“I wonder what he was up to, any how? And I wonder what that
light in the mill meant? I’ve had quite a few adventures to-night.
Guess I’d better get home before I meet with any more.”
So he walked rapidly on, and reached his house without further
incident. He soon fell asleep, to dream of being shut up in a small
square wooden box with a big fish, while Noddy Nixon, on a motor-
cycle, was riding off rapidly with the box under his arm.
 CHAPTER VIII.
THE MILL MYSTERY.

“Have you heard the news—great excitement—big robbery—

everybody talking about it—hurry up!”
It was thus Andy Rush greeted Ned the next morning as he
stopped at the latter’s house on the way down town. Andy’s hair was
more disarranged than ever, and his blue eyes fairly shone.
“What’s up?” asked Ned, who had come to the door in answer to
Andy’s whistle, having been met with the flow of words that startled
him.
“Last night—midnight, I guess—Judson’s mill—thousand dollars—
great excitement—safe blown open—money taken—detectives
notified—I’m off to see the fun—hurry up!”
“Hold on!” called Ned. “I saw—I know—” and then he stopped.
The memory of what he had seen in the night; the light in the mill,
the actions of Bill Berry, and his meeting with Noddy Nixon, who
carried a square box; all this came to Ned in an instant. He was
about to tell Andy, but on second thought decided that he had better
keep his own counsel, at least, for a while.
“Coming along?—no time to lose!” cried Andy.
“I’ll be down after I have breakfast,” replied Ned, waving a
farewell to Andy, and returning to the house sorely puzzled.
He ate his breakfast rapidly. He hardly knew what to do in
reference to what he had witnessed during his watch at the mill.
After some thought he decided to wait a little while, learn more
particulars of the robbery, and then relate everything to his father.
 In a little while Mr. Slade left the house and Ned soon followed.
When the lad reached the centre of the town it needed no one to tell
him that there was considerable excitement. In a small place like
Cresville news spreads quickly even without a daily paper.
Ned soon found his chums, Bob and Jerry.
“Have you heard about it?” demanded Ned.
“Yes, Andy Rush told me,” said Jerry.
“And he told me, too,” put in Bob. “That fellow is as swift as his
name.”
“Did you hear any particulars?” demanded Ned.
“It was an old-fashioned safe, according to what the policeman
told me,” said Jerry, “and the burglars had little trouble in getting it
open.”
“Did they blow it apart?”
“No, simply took a chisel and hammer and cut the lock out. The
door was only soft iron.”
By this time the three boys were near the mill. There was quite a
crowd about, and several policemen were on guard, preventing any
one, but those having business, from entering the establishment.
“One side, please,” called a man suddenly, coming up behind the
three chums. “I’m in a hurry.”
The boys turned aside, to give passage to a short, stout fussy
man, who seemed in a tremendous state of excitement.
“That’s Sheriff Blackwell,” said Jerry. “I suppose he thinks the
robbers are here waiting for him to arrest them.”
There was really little news of the robbery to be had. Mr. Judson
related what particulars he knew to the police.
“I had a little more than one thousand dollars on hand late
yesterday afternoon,” he said to the officers. “Several people paid
me some bills, and, as it was late, I didn’t go to the bank, but locked
the money up in the safe. I seldom do this, as the iron box is no
match for burglars.
“As far as I know the only persons who knew the money was in
the safe were my son and myself. I am sure neither he nor I told any
one.”
“We must get right to work looking up clues,” said the sheriff.
But there were apparently no clues. As has been said, the door of
the safe was of soft iron. The robber, or robbers, had used a cold
chisel and a hammer, and cut out a section of the door around the
big clumsy lock. Then it was a comparatively easy matter to get at
the cash. The thieves had left nothing behind them that would throw
any light on the mystery.
Having learned all they could, and seeing that there were likely to
be no developments at the mill, the three chums wandered up the
street. All the while Ned was busy thinking. Finally he said:
“Boys, I’ve something to tell you. I want to ask your advice. It’s
about the robbery. Come where we can find a quiet place.”
Soon the three chums were sitting comfortably beneath a big oak
tree, that cast a pleasant shade from the sun, which was already
hot, though it was early in the day.
“Now, let’s hear the yarn,” said Chunky.
Thereupon Ned told what he had seen while watching the mill the
previous night.
“Well, I should say you did know something about the robbery,”
commented Jerry. “Why didn’t you tell this to the police?”
“I did think of it,” said Ned. “But I wanted to get some advice first.
You see the light may or may not have had a connection with the
crime.”
“Yes, but it looks suspicious, seeing Bill Berry around,” came from
Bob.
 “Are you sure it was him?” asked Jerry.
“As sure as I am that I’m talking to you now.”
“And are you just as positive that it was Noddy?”
“Even more so. Wasn’t I talking to him?”
“And he said he had fish bait in the square box?”
“He didn’t exactly say so, but he intimated as much.”
“If it was fish bait, why should he try to hide it, as you say he
did?” asked Jerry.
“That’s what puzzles me,” replied Ned. “I only wish I had seen
what Bill saw in the mill office when the light was burning.”
“Maybe Bill is the robber,” suggested Bob.
“I hardly think so,” was Ned’s opinion. “He may have had some
connection with it, and may even have known about it. But, in my
opinion the person who took the thousand dollars was the person
who had the light in the office, and that wasn’t Bill.”
“Do you—do you think Noddy—er—Noddy took the money?” asked
Bob in a hesitating tone. He felt rather delicate about accusing an
acquaintance, even one so undesirable as Noddy, of a serious crime.
“Well, I hate to think so, but it does look suspicious,” said Ned.
“He certainly acted afraid because he met me.”
“Could any one get out of the office any way except going through
the front door?” asked Bob.
“Yes,” replied Ned. “There is a back door that goes out into the
mill yard. From the yard a person could pass onto the road along the
river, and then come up along the north side of the mill fence, on
Peterson street.”
“And it was at the corner of Peterson street and Maple alley that
you met Noddy, wasn’t it?”
“That’s just where it was.”
 There was silence for a few minutes among the boys. Each one
was busy with disagreeable thoughts.
“Did any of you hear how the mill office door was opened?” asked
Ned.
“The lock wasn’t forced on either the back or front door,”
answered Jerry. “So I was told. The police think the robber used a
skeleton key.”
“Then it comes right down to a question. Is Noddy Nixon guilty?”
asked Bob solemnly.
“It’s hard to decide,” replied Ned. “I’d hate to accuse any one,
even when things look as suspicious as they do now. Do you think I
ought to tell the police? Perhaps they will arrest both Bill and Noddy
on suspicion.”
“You’d have to be a witness against them, and that would not be
very pleasant,” suggested Jerry. “Besides their word would be as
good as yours in court, and you have no proof. I think the best thing
to do is to wait a while. If suspicion points more strongly to Noddy
or Bill, then you can come forward and tell what you know.”
“Then I’ll wait a while,” said Ned. “In the meantime we can, all
three, have an eye on Noddy and Bill. They may do something or
say something that would give us a clue.”
“There’s another thing I don’t believe any of us have thought of,”
came from Jerry.
“What’s that?”
“Why, you know, Mr. Nixon, Noddy’s father, owns several shares in
Judson’s mill.”
“Are you sure of that?” asked Ned.
“Positive. I heard mother saying something about it the other day.
It seems the concern was made a stock company not long ago, and
Mr. Judson wanted mother to invest some of her money in it. He
remarked at the time that Mr. Nixon had taken ten shares of the
stock, and thought it a good investment.”
“That might or might not throw additional suspicion on Noddy,”
remarked Ned. “If he knew his father was interested, financially, in
the iron mill, he hardly would take money that he knew might cause
his father a loss.”
“Well, all this talking don’t bring matters any nearer a solution,”
said Jerry, finally. “I think all we can do is to wait and watch.”
“And meet every day to compare notes,” suggested Ned.
 CHAPTER IX.
THE QUEER BANK BILL.

It was the afternoon of the day the robbery of the mill was
discovered. Ned, after his conference with his two chums, had gone
down to his father’s store. He wanted to talk to Mr. Slade about the
prospects of getting a motor-cycle. For, now that Jerry was about to
get one, the desire on Ned’s part was all the stronger.
While standing in the front of the big department establishment
his father owned Ned was surprised to see, passing on the other
side of the street, Noddy Nixon and Paul Banner.
“That’s queer,” commented Ned. “I didn’t know Noddy and Paul
were as chummy as that. They didn’t used to have much use for
each other.”
Then the idea suddenly came to him, that here was the very
opportunity he desired. He could follow Noddy and Paul, and see if
he might learn anything.
The bully and the dude, as Ned could observe from time to time,
did not seem to be exactly in accord. At times they would almost
come to a halt, and dispute over something. Noddy seemed to be
objecting to some course of action proposed by Paul.
“They must be going to the old wind mill,” commented Ned, as he
saw Noddy and Paul turn down a street that led to an old-fashioned,
and deserted flour mill, that, in by-gone days, had been operated by
wind power. The mill was a good distance from the edge of the
town, in the centre of a big field.
Sure enough that was the destination of the two young men. Ned
was as close after them as he dared to go. There was little risk of his
being noticed while he was on the streets, but, after leaving them
there was greater danger of detection for the trailer.
“However,” argued Ned, “as long as I know where they are going,
I don’t need to keep so close after them. I can wait until they get to
the mill, and then I can go there too. By coming up from the back,
where there are no windows, which I can do by going through
Hedges’s Lane, they can’t see me.”
He approached the mill rapidly from the rear. As he came within
hearing distance he could distinguish voices. And they seemed to be
disputing. The ancient establishment was full of cracks and broken
places, and the noise from inside passed out freely. Nearer and
nearer hurried Ned. At last he reached the broad platform that ran
all around the base of the mill. He proceeded cautiously, taking care
not to step in the big holes that yawned here and there. He crept
around to a place near the front entrance to the old structure.
Fortunately here he found where a board had come loose, so that it
afforded a good listening place.
“I don’t see what in the world you wanted to bring me all the way
out to this lonely place for, my dear chap,” Paul was saying.
“It’s this way,” Noddy was explaining. “I told you I was short of
cash, and had to ask you to wait until to-day to pay the bet I made
with you.”
“But, my dear fellow,” “Polly” expostulated, “why couldn’t you pay
me up there in town, just as well?”
“To tell you the truth,” said Noddy, in a tone that would indicate to
any one who knew him that he was going to do just the opposite, “I
didn’t want any one to see me paying you.”
“And why not, pray, my dear chap?”
“Because I owe quite a few bets,” replied Noddy. “I am going to
square them all up in a day or so, but if those I owe saw me paying
you they would all come down on me at once and I would be
financially embarrassed. I suppose you’re ready to take the money
now?”
“Ready, nay, anxious, my dear chap.”
“Well, I had a little trouble in getting it,” went on Noddy, not going
into particulars, however. “And here it is. Just one hundred dollars,
isn’t it?”
“Correct, my dear boy.”
“Ten fives are fifty,” said Noddy, counting out some bills, “and
twenty is seventy. Twenty more is ninety, and that ten makes just
the hundred.”
“Hold on here!” exclaimed Paul, when Noddy had come to the end
of his counting. “This bill doesn’t look just right.”
“Which bill?”
“This last ten dollar one. I never saw one like it.”
“Nonsense, that’s all right,” responded Noddy. “Let’s see it.”
Paul passed it back.
“Why, certainly it’s good,” Noddy said. “It’s a state bank bill,
instead of a national one, that’s all. Issued by the Merchants’ Bank
of Boston.”
“But what’s that queer red mark on it?”
Noddy examined it more closely. Then he laughed.
“Some one has gone to the trouble of marking his initials on it in
red ink,” he said. “Probably for identification, or to serve as a mark.
Maybe it was once used as a marked bill,” and Noddy gave a short
laugh. “See, there are the letters H. R. C.”
“I guess you’re right,” agreed Paul. “Well, hand it over. I must be
going. Sorry you lost the bet, but losers must pay, you know.”
“Oh, I’m not squealing,” retorted Noddy.
 “Guess I’ll be going,” went on Paul. “Beastly long walk back to
town.”
Ned was glad to hear the sound of departing footsteps. He kept in
hiding for five minutes, however, fearing Noddy might return. At the
end of that time he ventured out. He saw Noddy and Paul almost
across the field and knew he was safe.
Ned hurried back to town, going the same roundabout path he
had taken in coming. He hastened to Jerry’s house and told him
what had taken place, and the two hunted up Bob and related the
events to him.
“Things are getting warm,” commented Bob.
“They are that,” replied Jerry.
“I wonder if one of us couldn’t get a talk with ‘Polly’ Banner?”
suggested Jerry. “We might manage to get talking about queer bills,
and ‘Polly’ would show us the one he had.”
“Suppose you try that,” Bob said.
“I’m willing,” Jerry responded. “I’ll take a walk down town now,
and maybe I’ll meet him. You wait until I come back.”
Jerry resolved to first visit the club house of the athletic
organization, as he knew Paul spent a good deal of his time there.
Sure enough, he found Paul sitting at ease in a comfortable chair,
smoking a perfumed cigarette and reading a book.
“I say, Paul,” said Jerry, “you’re not interested in old coins are
you?”
“Old coins? No, my dear chap; why should I be interested in old
coins?”
“Oh, I don’t know. I was just wondering. Some people collect old
coins, and some stamps. I favor stamps, myself.”
“Now that you speak of it,” said Paul, “I remember I have an old
bill about me. It’s rather odd. Maybe you’d be interested in it.”
 “Let’s see,” replied Jerry, thanking his stars that he was about to
accomplish his purpose so easily.
Paul drew out the odd ten dollar note Noddy had given him. Just
as Ned had reported, it was an old style state bank note. And, in one
of the blank spaces on the reverse side some one had made a very
elaborate monogram of the initials H. R. C.
“Quite a curiosity,” observed Jerry, passing the bill back.
“I think so,” said Paul, puffing out thick clouds of smoke from his
Egyptian cigarette. “But I suppose there is no premium on it.”
“There might be,” replied Jerry in as careless a tone as he could
assume. “If I were you I’d save it and see.”
“I will,” said Paul. “I’ll place it in the very back part of my wallet,
and I won’t spend it until I see a coin catalog. That’s an easy way to
make money.”
“Where did you get the bill?” asked Jerry. “Perhaps you can get
more.”
“Noddy Nixon gave it to me,” responded Paul. “I wasn’t going to
take it at first, but he told me it was good.”
“Oh, I reckon it’s good enough,” answered Jerry. “Well, I guess I’ll
be traveling. Good-bye, Paul.”
“Good afternoon, my dear chap,” answered Paul, lighting another
cigarette.
“I’ll not forget how that bill looks,” said Jerry to himself, as he
sought his two chums and told them what had taken place between
Paul and himself.
 CHAPTER X.
THE MOTOR-CYCLE.

It was about a week after the foregoing events when Jerry

received a letter, bearing in the upper left-hand corner of the
envelope the mark of the C. H. & D. Railroad.
He read the missive, which was short and to the point. Briefly it
informed Jerry that there awaited him at the freight office of the
road one motor-cycle, which he could have by calling and presenting
the enclosed way-bill.
“Hurrah!” shouted the boy. “Three cheers for the Cresville Athletic
Club and Mr. Wakefield! Hurrah!”
Jerry lost no time in calling for his two chums, and the three boys
hurried together to the freight depot.
“What can I do for you boys?” asked Mr. Hitter, the agent in
charge.
“I come to get what that calls for,” replied Jerry, handing over the
way-bill.
“Oh, yes, one of them new-fangled bicycles that take a steam
engine to run ’em. Well, you’ll find it down at the end of the
platform,” said Mr. Hitter. “Now, be careful, and don’t blow yourself
up. Boys is dreadful careless like,” he muttered, as he went on with
his work.
Boxed in a big crate, at the end of the freight platform, the boys
found the motor-cycle. It was addressed in big letters to “Jerry
Hopkins, Esq.,” and marked “With Care.”
 “Shall I unpack it here or get it taken up to the house, crate and
all?” asked Jerry of his chums.
“Oh, unpack it here. Then you can ride it home,” said Bob.
“I know about as much how to ride one as I would how to run a
locomotive,” objected Jerry. “I’ve studied the catalogs, of course, but
I think I’d better start it up at home first.”
“Oh, go ahead, ride it home,” put in Ned. “We can manage to find
out how it works, and we can get some gasolene over to the drug
store.”
So, rather against his own calmer judgment, Jerry decided to do
as his friends wished. He borrowed a hammer from Mr. Hitter and
soon the crate was broken apart and the motor-cycle, in all its
mechanical beauty, was revealed.
It certainly was a fine machine and had all the latest
improvements. There were two cylinders instead of one, insuring
great speed; the tires were large, and there was a large reservoir for
gasolene. It was of the latest make and not generally on the market
as yet.
“Here’s a book that tells all about how to run it,” said Bob,
catching sight of a pamphlet of directions.
The boys read the directions over carefully. It seemed simple
enough. All there was to do was to put some gasolene in the tank,
see that the batteries gave a proper current, start the machine off,
turn on the gasolene, switch on the spark and ride off.
“I’ll get the gasolene,” volunteered Ned. He ran over to the drug
store and came back with a can full.
“Now try and see if there’s a good spark,” Jerry suggested.
Satisfied that the batteries were in working order, Jerry prepared
to take his first ride. The street leading from the railroad depot was
a long straight wide one.
 “It’s a good thing,” commented Jerry, referring to the highway.
“There’s plenty of chance to be run away with, and not damage
anything. I can ride clear to New York if I go far enough.”
“I wouldn’t this time, though,” said Bob.
Jerry smiled. It was a rather dubious sort of a grin, to be sure.
Much as he wanted a motor-cycle, he knew there was a little risk in
riding one when he was not thoroughly familiar with it. However, he
wasn’t going to back out. He got on the ponderous machine, which
Bob and Ned steadied for him.
“Give me a little shove.”
Bob and Ned did so.
“Work the pedals and get a good start,” advised Bob.
Jerry did so. Soon he was moving off at a fair speed, though, of
course, just as if he was on an ordinary bicycle.
“Turn on the gasolene!” shouted Ned.
“And throw in the spark!” called Bob.
“Here she goes,” Jerry yelled back.
There was a series of sharp explosions, like a machine gun being
fired at top speed, and the motor-cycle, with Jerry aboard, started
off.
“Hurrah!” shouted Ned and Bob.
Bang! Bang! Bang! the machine went, and soon Jerry was a
quarter of a mile down the road.
“He ought to shut off the exhaust,” commented Bob. “He can do
that on this machine. On some you can’t.”
The two boys, thinking of nothing but motor-cycles and their
chances of getting them, passed down the road. Jerry was out of
sight. In a little while they espied a cloud of dust down the highway.
It seemed to be moving toward them.
 “Here comes Jerry, I guess,” Bob said.
“And he’s moving like the wind!” exclaimed Ned.
In a few minutes the dust cloud was nearer, and then the boys
saw that it was Jerry approaching at a rapid rate. His machine did
not make so much noise now. But, as he came nearer, Bob and Ned,
who caught a glimpse of his face, thought he looked a little worried.
“Hold on! Can’t you stop?” cried Bob, for Jerry was about to pass.
“That’s the trouble!” Jerry yelled as he whizzed past. “I can’t seem
to shut off the power!”
Then he was lost in a cloud of dust, going down the road in the
opposite direction.
“Something’s wrong!” Bob ejaculated.
“He’s forgotten which lever to pull!” exclaimed Ned. “If he don’t
look out there’ll be trouble.”
As he spoke Jerry came flying back.
“Can’t one of you do something?” he cried. “I’m afraid to take my
hands off the bars long enough to pull the levers again, and the last
time I yanked them I seemed to turn on more power. I’ll ride down
the road a way and turn back. Think up something in the
meanwhile!”
“He’s in a pickle!” exclaimed Ned.
“I have it!” cried Bob.
“What?”
“The next time he comes past yell at him to ride around in a circle
until we can look in the book of directions on how to run a motor-
cycle.”
And so, the next time Jerry whizzed by, with a comical worried
look on his face, Bob yelled:
 “Ride around us in a circle, Jerry. Make believe you’re on the track.
Ned and I will look in the book and see how to stop you!”
Jerry obeyed. Around and around he went, the machine kicking up
a cloud of dust. In the centre of the ring stood Bob and Ned, poring
over the pages of the book.
“There it is!” cried Ned, pointing to something on one page.
“What does it say?” asked Bob.
“To stop the machine pull lever A and throw off B toward you
three notches,” read Ned.
“Pull lever A and throw off B toward you three notches!” Bob
yelled to Jerry.
“Which is lever A and which is lever B?” asked Jerry. “They’re not
marked on the machine.”
“That’s so, I forgot that,” admitted Ned.
“What am I going to do?” begged Jerry. “Have I got to ride around
like this all night?”
“What’s in the name of Tunket is the trouble?” asked Mr. Hitter, the
station agent, who was on his way down the road, and who had
come to where Jerry was riding around in a circle with Bob and Ned
in the centre.
“He can’t stop!” cried Ned and Bob at once.
“I knowed there’d some trouble come of that machine,” said Mr.
Hitter, shaking his head. “I told you not to monkey with ’em. It all
comes of man trying to improve on nature. Walking’s good enough
for me. What particular form of trouble does the critter seem to be
suffering from? I mean the motor-cycle.”
“There’s two levers,” explained Bob. “One is A and the other is B,
according to the book. The trouble is they are not marked on the
machine, and Jerry don’t know which one to pull.”
 “Well, not knowing much about the case, I would advise him to
pull ’em both,” said Mr. Hitter. “He can’t be any worse off than he is
now, and maybe it’ll stop him.”
“Good!” exclaimed Bob. “That’s it. Why didn’t we think of that?”
“Why didn’t we?” was all Ned could say.
Then they both shouted to Jerry, who was still pursuing his weary
round:
“Move both levers, Jerry!”
Jerry did so. In an instant the motor-cycle ceased the explosions,
and, in a little while it slowed down so that Jerry could dismount.
“Well, that certainly was an experience,” commented Jerry, as he
wiped the dust from his face. “But it was fun all the same,” he
added, whereat Mr. Hitter laughed.
“Boys will be boys,” the station agent muttered as he went off
down the road.
“Funny the machine got such a fit on,” said Ned, examining the
motor-cycle closely. “I didn’t think they would act like that.”
“Here’s the difficulty,” cried Bob, who was also looking over the
apparatus. “This piece of wire ought to have been taken off. It was
put on temporarily when the machine was packed. See, it held the
gasolene lever and the spark one also, so they couldn’t come back
separately. You had to pull them both at once to shut off the flow of
fluid and the current of electricity. It’s a thing that wouldn’t happen if
we hadn’t been in such a hurry.”
“Well, it all came out right,” said Jerry. “I’m going to ride the
machine home.”
And he did without further mishap, stopping and starting the
motor without trouble, now that the wire was off.
 CHAPTER XI.
MACHINES FOR BOB AND NED.

That night two very earnest lads implored two fathers to purchase
motor-cycles for them. As Bob and Ned were both sons of well-to-do
parents the matter was not much one of cost.
“To tell you the truth,” said Mr. Baker to Bob. “I’m a little afraid of
those machines. They are dangerous.”
“I’ll be careful,” pleaded Bob.
“I know, but that’s what every one says at first,” objected Mr.
Baker.
At the same time the same sort of a conversation was going on in
the Slade household.
“You say there’s no danger,” Mr. Slade was remarking in answer to
Ned’s statement to that effect. “But I heard about Jerry Hopkins and
his experience this afternoon. It seems to me there was danger
there.”
It was three days before the two fathers arrived at a decision.
They had consulted in the meanwhile, and Jerry’s machine had been
closely examined. Bob and Ned had both taken turns on it, and
showed that, after a little practice, they could run it perfectly. Jerry,
also, had become quite expert.
In the meantime the boys were so engrossed with the idea of
motor-cycles that they had almost forgotten about the mill robbery.
They met, according to appointment, under the tree in the woods,
but there was nothing new to tell. With the discovery of the queer
bank bill, and the knowledge that Paul Banner was saving it, the
boys resolved to let the matter rest for a while.
 The police and detectives, and even the fussy sheriff, had
discovered nothing, save that the money was gone, which every one
knew. As for Noddy, he did not act like a guilty person. Bill Berry had
disappeared for the time being.
Noddy seemed to have plenty of money. He was careful not to
apply to his father again, however, and the source of his supply was
a mystery except to himself. In about a week Mr. Nixon, of his own
accord, gave Noddy two hundred dollars.
“I hope you will spend it wisely, my son,” he said. “It is wicked to
waste money, when so much good can be done with it.”
“I say, father,” began Bob to Mr. Baker one evening, a little more
than a week after the time Jerry had received his prize motor-cycle,
“have you thought any more about that machine for me?”
“I have made up my mind,” went on Mr. Baker, with exasperating
slowness, “that you can not—”
“Oh, father!” burst out Bob.
“That you can not get along without one,” finished the banker with
a laugh, “and so I have ordered one for you.”
“Thanks dad!” was all Bob could say, but the two words meant a
good deal.
At the same time, according to arrangement between Mr. Baker
and Mr. Slade, the latter was announcing to his son Ned, that he
could have the much-wanted machine. If there were two happier
boys than Ned and Bob in Cresville that night, no one knew where to
find them.
“We’ll have lots of sport,” said Bob. “I know of a dozen trips we
can take, that would be too long for a bicycle.”
Three days later the two motor-cycles came, and the chums could
hardly wait to unpack them. Bob’s and Ned’s machines were just like
Jerry’s except in a few minor points.
 Jerry was delighted that his chums’ machines had arrived. He got
his own out and soon all three were speeding down the road. In
point of fastness there was not much to choose from among the
three motors. None of the boys had risked running the cycles at top
speed yet, and at the half-way mark each one developed about the
same swiftness.
The boys rode for several miles. It was a pleasant day, with a
bright sun overhead, while an early morning shower had laid the
dust. After an hour’s travel Bob said:
“I don’t know about the rest of you, but I’m hungry.”
In a few minutes they stopped their motor-cycles in front of a big
white farm house, and walked up the path to the side door.
On the porch they found a motherly looking woman churning. She
smiled at the sight of the three boys, and took off her apron, which
was splashed with butter-milk, as she came forward to greet them.
“Good-afternoon,” she said pleasantly.
“We stopped to see if we could get something to eat,” began
Jerry. “We’re willing to pay for it, of course,” he added, fearing the
woman might think they were tramps. “Anything will do. Some
cookies, a little milk or a piece of pie.”
“I guess I can fix you something,” said the woman. “Hi! You
Jason!” she called in a loud voice. “Come and run this churn while I
set out a lunch for some visitors.”
In answer to her hail an old man shuffled around the corner of the
house.
“I’m comin’,” he said in a quavering voice. “I’m a leetle mite slow,
’cause the rheumatiz catches me to-day, Alvirah. But I’m comin’.”
“It’s my grand uncle,” the woman explained to the boys. “He’s
almost ninety years old, but he can churn as good as I can. Can’t
you, Jason.”
“I reckon so, Alvirah.”
 While the farmer’s wife bustled around to set out a simple meal
for the boys, the latter sat out on the porch watching old Jason
chum. He moved the dasher up and down, a queer chugging sound
following each stroke.
“How did you come, anyhow? Walk?” asked the old man presently.
“On motor-cycles,” replied Ned.
“I didn’t know they had them flyin’ machines in working order yit,”
exclaimed the old man.
“Come on, boys,” interrupted the farmer’s wife. “I have a little
something here for you.”
The “little something” proved to be quite a meal. There was nice
fresh bread, with the best butter the boys had ever eaten. There
was also honey right from the bee hives, some rich milk, a plate of
doughnuts and cheese, and two big pies, one apple and the other
peach.
“This is very kind of you,” said Jerry. “We didn’t want you to go to
all this trouble.”
“I’m sure it’s no trouble,” replied the woman. “I’m glad you came
along. It’s rather lonesome out this way. We don’t often have
company.”
The boys ate with a will. When they had finished there was not
much left on the table.
“How much do we owe you?” asked Jerry, as he and his chums
rose in preparation to continue their journey.
“Oh, I reckon ten cents will be about right,” was the answer. But
Jerry insisted on paying twenty-five cents for each, and, after some
argument, the woman accepted it.
Soon the boys were well on the road toward Cresville. They talked
of many things, and planned several trips in the near future. As they
turned into the main road leading to their homes they heard a
chugging sound behind them.
 All three came to a halt, dismounted, and sat down under a tree.
Nearer and nearer came the sound of the approaching motor-cycle.
Then, in a cloud of dust, a solitary rider whizzed past.
“Did you see who that was?” asked Ned. “Noddy Nixon.”
“Are you sure?”
“Positive. I heard the other day that he was going to get a
machine. That was him, sure enough.”
“I don’t think he goes so very fast,” observed Jerry.
“He does, all the same,” was Bob’s opinion. “You can make up
your mind Noddy will have as fast a machine as there is built.”
“I suppose he bought it with some of the proceeds of the mill
robbery,” cried Jerry.
“Hush!” cried Ned. “Don’t say such things. Some one might hear
you and it would make trouble. Besides, we have not proved Noddy
guilty yet.”
“Well,” said Bob with a shrug of his shoulders, “I hope we don’t
meet him very often when we are out on the road. He’s not the most
pleasant fellow in the world.”
“There’s not much danger of his seeking our company,” came from
Jerry. “He is not overfond of any of us.”
The three boys rested for a while beneath the tree and then, as
the sun sank, they mounted their cycles, put on good speed, and
arrived home in time for supper, bearing excellent appetites, in spite
of the good meal they had had at the farm house.
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