Choose the word whose primary stress is placed differently from that o f the other three.

M ark A, B, C or
D on the answer sheet.
1. A. hallucination B. contradictory C. disagreeable D. personality
2. A. emphasis B. assumption C. approving. D. resilient
3. A. economics B. anecdotal C. bureaucratic D. capitalism
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
4. What raises the adrenaline level in those treasure-seekers is the immeasurable fortunes buried beneath
the earth’s surface. A. inestimable B. superfluous C. unaccountable D. ceaseless
5. In the 19th century, traditional skills achieved after years of rigorous apprenticeship were abandoned to
give way to the factory system. A. infinite B. exorbitant C. austere D. ferocious
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
6. The remarkable development in sports achievements has been initiated by the sports equipment
designers. A. sparked off B. wound up C. spurred on D. cropped up
7. The mountain of Kilimajaro is one o f the most distinctive entities within the severe land o f the African
wilderness. A. peculiar B. generic C. extrinsic D. unanimous
Choose the best answer to complete each of the following questions. Mark A, B ,C or D on the answer
sheet.
8. ______ in some countries is the environment, especially in countries where deforestation is a big factor.
A. It is crucial to reform B. Reforming an area crucially C. A crucial area for reform D. To reform a crucial
area
9. Alexander Graham Bell left his_______ on the world of communication by inventing the telephone.
A. point B. position C. mark D. spot
10. Despite their initial disagreement, they came to a _____ understanding about how to proceed.
A. collective B. joint C. mutual D. communal
11. People came from _____ to take part in the peace demonstration in Washington.
A. there and back B. round and round G out and about D. far and wide
12. Joseph is addicted to his mobile phone and computer._______ , he is like a lot o f teenagers.
A. With regard to B. As a result C In this respect D by this mean
13. The pandemic seemed to bring _________ the worst in some people. A. over B. out C across D up
14. His doctor suggested that he ________ the stress in his life.
A. will reduce B. reduces C. reduced D reduce
15. The school was originally built in 1950, and________ the foundation was rebuilt in 1995.
A. except that B. all but C nothing but D. rather than
16. The hiking guide was so good at his job that we let_____ into going on another trail.
A- himself talk to us B. ourselves talk G him talk us D. ourselves to be talked
17. Miss Hoa w as____ anyone could have had. She never lost her temper with even the stupidest pupils.
A. as patient teacher as B. so patient a teacher as C as patient a teacher as D. so patient teacher as
18. Jessie can be really hard______ she feels like she has given a poor performance.
A. on herself as B. on herself when G a t herself if D. with oneself when
19. Michael has promised he will be on his best________ during his grandparents’ visit
A. style B. action C behaviour D. approach
20. To say it is the best book published in the last decade is far_____ .
A. over the top B. a long way G through a bad patch D. to great lengths
21. The government has decided to raise the minimum wage to help citizens who are struggling to make
______ meet. A. aims B. goals C edges D ends
22. We paid for the car with low monthly______ over three years.
A. settlements B. shares C instalments D debts
23. If you choose a car___ , it could last for decades. A. closely B. precisely C wisely D truly
24. He knew he had reached the _____ of his career when he won an Oscar, so he decided to retire from film
making. A. top B. pinnacle C crest D. summit
25. Tears_______ down her cheeks when the film reached its dramatic conclusion.
A. ploughed B. leaked C. plummeted D. streamed
26. We would like to see how this theory can be _____ into practical policy.
A. translated B. interpreted G converted D. changed
27. I’m afraid you have tonsillitis but don’t worry, I will________ some antibiotics for you.
A. transcribe B. subscribe C. prescribe D. inscribe
28. Somehow I managed to ____ my maths exam. The pass mark was 50 and I got 51.
A. sit through B. scrape through G shake off D. slip off
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently fro m that o f the other three. Mark A,
B, C or D on the answer sheet.
29. A. archaic B. chronicle C. chauffeur D. technology
30. A. reluctant B. abundant C. accumulate D. corruption
You are going to read a text about the rise and fail in popularity o f newspapers. Mark A, B ,C or D on the
answer sheet to answer the questions 31 - 40.
THE RISE AND FALL OF THE NEWSPAPER
A . Until relatively recently, newspapers were our primary source of daily news. They must now compete,
however, with online news, social media and television in a progressively digital age. The internet is
changing the way people get their news, leaving a dwindling audience willing to pay for their daily paper.
But given that the form first emerged in early-17th century Europe, it’s probably about time the medium got
overhauled. Newspapers have witnessed an extraordinary era of change: from the evolution of democratic
institutions and political parties to the reshaping of whole countries and continents. The first daily
newspaper, The Courant, credited the reader with enough intelligence to make up their own minds, printing
factual details rather than spinning stories according to any particular opinion. Perhaps current sources could
learn something from this approach. However, media magnates soon discovered that if these reports
appeared alongside more sensationalist pieces focusing 6rFscandal and gossip, they would attract more
interest. A greater readership led to higher revenues from advertising, an industry that grew rapidly
alongside the newspaper.
B. By the end of the 19th century, newspapers were using a visual template not unlike those of today, and
had become the source of not only large profits but also unaccountable political and social influence for their
owners - a trend that has continued to the present day. Newspapers prospered in this form for more than 150
years, and in many countries, daily life would have been inconceivable without access to one.
But in many places, the continuing existence o f newspapers is under threat. The internet has undoubtedly-
had a profound impact on the industry. The number of sources of available news has mushroomed, which
potentially thins out the readership of any one title. Advertisers who once relied on newspapers to reach
consumers now prefer to invest on the internet While printed newspapers increasingly struggle to get by
financially many have turned to the primary cause of their decline in order to attract new revenue: by
launching online yersions. By doing so, perhaps even newspapers that have been around for hundreds of
years will get through this tough time.
C . Circulation figures for all types of newspapers, local, regional and national, bear out the fact that in
many Western nations at least, sales of printed newspapers had been falling for many years prior to the
emergence of the internet. What is also beyond question, though, is that the arrival and exponential growth
of the World Wide Web leading to near-universal coverage, has accelerated this process greatly.
Observing rapidity and extent of this process around the world provides a fascinating insight into social
change. In countries where it is more expedient for people to access news via the internet, this increased
convenience seems to also encourage the perception that these online sources are somehow more reliable
than printed media. In other parts of the world, however, where there are technological constraints on
accessing online sources, or reporting of news is restricted, usually for political reasons, hard-copy
newspaper readership is increasing and the. printed news industry is flourishing. Globally, therefore,
newspapers have clearly not yet been consigned to history.
D. Yet we live in an age where speed and convenience have gained precedence over reliability and quality in
most aspects of our existence. Regarding the former, newspapers only allow readers to get updated about
events some considerable time after they have actually happened, while online users can access them more
or less at the moment at which they occur. Printed newspapers, therefore provide a less efficient source of
news and, furthermore, do so in a less environmentally- friendly way than the internet, and at a direct cost to
the consumer. Moreover with news also_ available on tap through social media, consumers are continually
bombarded from all sides, and therefore may not wish to have each story explained in great detail, as is the
case in much of the printed media. Social media sites have also proven to be one of the
Scanned with most effective means of getting information out rapidly, and on a huge scale: news can now be
tweeted before the mainstream media have even started their coverage.
In which section does the author?
31. suggest that media tycoons wield too much power?
32. mention the influence that systems o f government have on methods of accessing the news?
33. explain how newspapers have adapted in order to survive?
34. describe how individuals’ lifestyles have altered the way they consume news media?
35. say that the success of newspapers benefitted another industry?
36. say that case of access to news changes the level of trust people have in its accuracy?
37 claim that many people would have found living without a newspaper difficult?
38 explain why readers may not want to have access to longer news articles?
39. suggest that the transformation of the newspaper industry is not necessarily a bad thing?
40. suggest that the internet was not responsible for the initial decline in newspaper sales?
For questions 41 — 50, read the following passage and fill in each of the following numbered blanks
with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on the answer sheet. There is one example which has been
done for you. eg. (0) OUR
NOTHING’S NEW IN MEDICINE
Throughout the ages, disease has stalked (0) ..our… species. Prehistoric humans must quickly have learnt
(41)_________ could be eaten without danger, and how, to avoid plants that could (42)______ about illness.
They found leaves, berries and the bark of different trees that could actually heal wounds and cure the sick,
and (43) _____ soon became a special skill to understand natural medicine.
Ever (44) ______ the dawn of history, medicine men and wise women have always been expert in treating
diseases and have dispensed medicine with ritual and magic. By trial and error they discovered treatments
for almost (45) _____ affliction, prevalent at the time. The precious recipes for preparations which could
relieve pain, stop fits, sedate or stimulate were (46) ______ down from generation to generation, although
there was (47) _______ exact understanding of the way in which the medicines worked. Nevertheless, (48)
______the power of these primitive medicines, generations were still ravaged by disease.
Over the last 150 years, scientists and doctors, (49) _______work has focused on these early medicines,
have learnt that their power derived from certain chemicals which were found in herbal remedies or could be
synthesised in the laboratory. In just (50)______a way, advances in modem medicine continue, aided by the
discoveries made centuries ago by our ancestors.
You are going to read a newspaper article in which a zoology student talks about her experience o f doing
practical research in an area of rainforest. Six paragraphs have been, re moved from the article. Choose
from the paragraphs A — G the one which fits each gap (51-56). There is ONE extra paragraph which
you do not need to use.
Fieldwork in the rainforest of Ecuador — the experiences of a zoology student
When I was at school, I was a huge fan of TV wildlife programmes, and at a certain point I realised that
somehow the natural world would have to be part of my life. So here J am a few years later, in the tropical
rainforest o f eastern Ecuador, a novice field scientist. The word scientist evokes various images typically
perhaps ones of laboratories and white coats, test tubes and lab rats. But what does it mean to be a field
scientist?
51_____I am currently spending a year at a small scientific research station in a remote patch of the
Ecuadorian rainforest belonging to the Kichwa community of San Jose de Payamino. It is glorious -
everything you would expect a tropical rainforest location to be, and a world away from my university in the
UK. The air is hot and thick, the trees are densely packed, and everywhere is teeming with life.
52_____ The local people own the land and govern themselves, but the Ecuadorian government also
provides for them: a school complete with computer room and satellite internet, for instance. Each year, they
vote for a new president and vice-president, who organise the democratic community meetings. Each family
has a finca in the forest: a wooden home on stilts.
53____But my normal life here as a work experience student revolves mainly around my personal research,
which is a biodiversity study of frogs. I am trying to establish, exactly which species arc here, where and
when I can find them, and what condition they are in.
54_____For most of the time, I am just crawling along looking at leaves. Much of field research is like this.
It isn’t all finding new species and being transfixed by exotic wildlife behaviour. Have you ever seen the
behind-the- scenes footage at the end of many nature documentaries, where it turns out a cameraman has
been sitting in a tree for three days waiting for a bird to dance? Research is like this — laborious and
monotonous — but it can be rewarding too.
55_______Being a field scientist basically means being an academic, collecting data and publishing
scientific papers. It’s interesting but it doesn’t pay well, and getting started can be tough. When I was
looking for work experience, there were plenty of openings with pharmaceutical companies, but very few
matching my desire to explore and investigate wildlife.
56______ This is one reason I count myself lucky to be involved in this project It’s largely funded by my
university, so I can afford it. Then, by the end of this year, I will have acquired valuable skills, and I am
hopeful that the experience will facilitate my progression into postgraduate study.
MISSING PRAGRAPH
A.Because of this and having experienced fieldwork, I’ve decided it’s definitely something I would like to
lecturers to advise me what to do next
B. And the thing.is to imagine being the person that has made a discovery - the person who first questions
something, investigates and then contributes to the vast catalogue of information that is science. I find
concept inspirational.
C. They have their own traditions, too. One day, a local lady was bitten by a lethal snake, whilst I
administered shots of anti-venom to her, the local traditional healer, was applying plant remedies to the
wound and attempting to suck the venom from it. At least one of the treatments must have worked because
she recovered.
D. This morning, for example, a half metre square of mushrooms sprouted on the dirty floor of my kitchen.
My favourite time here is in the early evenings. It’s finally cool enough to be comfortable, and the nocturnal
creatures begin their nightly cacophony, while the setting sun paints die trees orange.
E. The reality is, however, that to make your way you need to build up a range of contacts and a portfolio of
work. Many of the initial work opportunities dial do exist arc voluntary - in fact, you often have to pay to
join a scheme. A student job where you are paid expenses, let alone a basic salary, is quite rare.
F. By and large, they work outdoors, and are interested in pretty much everything from discovering new
species to the effect of obscure parasites on ecosystems. They explore and investigate, aiming to understand
what they observe. Just two years into my undergraduate zoology degree, I don't quite qualify as one yet, but
hopefully I’m heading that way.
G. To do this, I walk slowly along several paths in the forest, accompanied by a local guide, and at night
equipped with a torch. When I spot what I’m looking for, I feel an intense adrenaline rush. Will I manage to
capture it? Have I collected this particular species yet?
Complete the text by changing the form of the word in capitals. The first one (0) has been done as an
example. Write your answers on the answer sheet.
Example: (0) pervade - pervasive
Poverty is a (0. PERVADE) ____________issue that continues to affect millions of people worldwide. It is
not merely the absence of financial resources but also a multifaceted condition that encompasses a lack of
access to basic (57.NECESSARY____________ such as education, healthcare, and adequate housing.
Despite significant advancements in technology and global economic growth, poverty remains one of the
most (58-PRESS)___________ challenges of our time.
One of the primary causes of poverty is inequality, both within and between countries. Systemic
(59.DISPARATE) _____________ in wealth distribution often trap individuals and communities in a vicious
cycle of (60. DEPRIVE________________Furthermore, factors such as unemployment, political instability,
and natural disasters exacerbate these inequalities, making it (61. INCREASE) ___________difficult for
affected populations to break free from poverty’s grip.
The consequences of poverty are profound and far-reaching. Malnutrition, limited access to clean water, and
poor sanitation contribute to high (62. MORTAL) __________ rates, particularly among children.
Inadequate education perpetuates the cycle of poverty, as individuals are denied the skills and opportunities
needed to secure better (63. LIVE) _____________ Moreover, poverty often fuels social unrest and can
(64.STABLIZE) __________ a tire societies.
Efforts to combat poverty require a collaborative and multifaceted approach. Governments, non-
governmental organizations, and international bodies must work in (65. UNIFY)_______________ to
implement policies that promote economic growth, ensure equitable distribution of resources, and provide
social safety nets for the most vulnerable. Education, in particular, plays a critical role in poverty (66.
ALLEVIATE) ____________ as it empowers individuals to improve their circumstances and contribute to
their communities.
For questions 6 7 —70, think o f ONE word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences.
The first one (0) has been done as an example. Write your answers on the answer sheet.
0. She commented that it was about time she started helping more around the house.
People’s eating habits have drastically changed over time.
We took time to stop and admire the view on our journey.
67. The house on the outskirts of the town was in a sorry________ . It desperately needed renovating For
years the two neighbouring countries were in a _________ of war. Those who came to the airport were able
to sec a few heads of _________ coming out of the plane to the accompaniment of the orchestra.
68. Don’t trust those men. They only offer_________ promises which they don't keep. Despite his
achievements, the athlete strongly believed that his life was__________and devoid of any purpose
whatsoever. Did the customs officers really ask you to _________ your pockets and show their contents?
69. The villagers are worried that the river may_________ its banks this year round. Last year vast areas of
farmland were under water. It was a surgical strike. When the missile hit the target the building_________
into flames. Suddenly, the door_________ open and a group of masked men rushed into the bank.
70. He planned to stay in the box with 1000 scorpions for three months, an act which was supposed to put all
the other entertainers in the__________. When the sun reached its zenith, they wanted to find some_______
to escape from its scorching rays. The artist uses a combination of light and__________in his drawings to
highlight certain recurring cycles in our lives.
There are 6 mistakes in the following text The first mistake (0) has been identified and corrected as an
example. Find the other 5 mistakes, write them corresponding to questions 71 - 75 on the answer sheet,
and correct them.
Example: 0. Line (1): press pressing
Line
1 The aging population is a press global issue as advancements in healthcare and declining birth
2 rates reshape demographics. Many nations, particularly in developed regions, witness a
3 significant use in the proportion of elderly citizens. This trend creates challenges across several
4 sectors. Healthcare systems face risen demands, with greater needs for medical services,
5 long-term care, and support for age-related conditions. Social policies, such as pensions or
6 nursing homes, are also under strain due to the growing number of retirement. Additionally,
7 the shrinking younger workforce may struggle to sustain economic productivity and support
8 the aging population.
9 To address these challenges, governments and organizations are prioritizing strategies that
10 include promoting healthy aging, adapting infrastructure to be age-friendly, and fostering
11 intergenerational cooperation. Encouraging an active participation of seniors in society can
12 help mitigating the economic and social impact of this demographic shift, ensuring a
13 sustainable future for all age groups.
omplete the second sentence in each pair so that it has a similar meaning to the first one. Write your
answers on the answer sheet.
76. They recruited very few young engineers.—♦ Hardly any_____________________________________
77. He made an effort to apologize for being late. —»He took the__________________________________
78. It is essential for him to complete the report by tomorrow.
—»It is crucial that the report_______’__________________________________________ ___________
79. It was wrong of you to allow a 4-ycar-old child to walk home alone.
—»You should__________________________________________________________________________
80.I have no idea why my email bounced back. —♦ I am at a ____________________________________
Complete the second sentence in each pair so that it has a similar meaning to the first one. You must use
between THREE and EIGHT words, including the word given. DO NOT change this given word. Write
your answers on the answer sheet.
81. Managers intend to consult their staff about job descriptions. ARE
Staff_____________________________________________________ job descriptions by their managers.
82. Celia finally managed to buy her own house after years of saving. DID
Only____________________________________ ,________________________ to buy her own house.
83. When he won the scholarship, Alan began to realize just how lucky he was. DAWN
When he won the scholarship, it began____________________________________ just how lucky he was.
84. The stranded climber would never have been rescued if his brother hadn’t had an ingenious plan.
INGENUITY
But______________________________ plan, the stranded climber would never have been rescued.
85. Andrew is the most generous person I have ever met.
MORE
Write a paragraph of around 150 words to answer the following question:
While digital tools (such as educational apps, online libraries or assistive
technology tools like ChatGPT) have transformed education in remarkable
ways, they do come with potential drawbacks if not used mindfully. With this in
mind, what can teenagers do to make the most of digital approaches in their
learning?