3.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
Assertion - Reasoning Type
This section contain(s) 0 questions numbered 1 to 0. Each question contains STATEMENT 1(Assertion) and
STATEMENT 2(Reason). Each question has the 4 choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of which ONLY ONE is correct.
a) Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is True; Statement 2 is correct explanation for Statement 1
b) Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is True; Statement 2 is not correct explanation for Statement 1
c) Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is False
d) Statement 1 is False, Statement 2 is True
Statement 1: Zona pellucida do not disappears when blastocyst reaches the uterus
Statement 2: Role of zona pellucida is to check the implantation of the blastocyst at the veginal site
Statement 1: A woman passes out hCG in the urine during pregnancy
Statement 2: Presence of hCG in urine is the basis for pregnancy test
Statement 1: Production of FSH increases, while that of LH decreases in the ovulation phase
Statement 2: Due to decrease in the level of LH, ovulation (releasing of ova) takes place
Statement 1: Parthenogenesis is a kind of variation of sexual reproduction
Statement 2: In parthenogenesis a young one develops from an ovum but without fertilisation
Statement 1: Testis are located in the scrotum, outside the coelom
Statement 2: A vaginal coelom partly surrounds the testis in the scrotum
Statement 1: Ovum retains most of the contents of the primary oocyte and is much larger than a
spermatozoan
Statement 2: Ovum needs energy to go about in search of a spermatozoan for fertilisation
Statement 1: In humans, the gamete contributed by the male determines whether the child produced
will be male or female
Statement 2: Sex in humans is a polygenic trait, depending upon a cumulative effect of some genes on
X-chromosome
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Statement 1: Senescence is the time when age associated defects are manifested.
Statement 2: Certain genes may be undergoing sequential switching on and off during one’s life.
Statement 1: A sperm sticks to an egg for fertilization
Statement 2: Interaction of surface receptors, fertilisin on the egg and antifertilisin on the sperm head
makes them adhere together
10
Statement 1: Due to fragmentation in Planaria each part develops the remaining body parts and
becomes a complete animal.
Statement 2: Differentiated tissue present in each broken part of Planaria undergoes dedifferentaition
and then differentiation for regeneration.
11
Statement 1: Holoblastic cleavage with almost equal sized blastomeres is a characteristic of placental
animals.
Statement 2: Eggs of most mammals, including human, are of centrolecithal type.
12
Statement 1: Cleavage in human zygote is holoblastic
Statement 2: Human egg contains abundant yolk in ooplasm
13
Statement 1: In a Graafian follicles, the primary oocyte and the follicle cells may be regarded as sibling
cells
Statement 2: Both arises from the same parent cell, the oogonium, by mitotic divisions
14
Statement 1: Twins may arise from a single egg or from two egg
Statement 2: One egg gives rise to identical twins by separation of blastomeres and two eggs produces
non-identical twins
15
Statement 1: Old age is not an illness. It is a continuation of life with decreasing capacity for
adaptation.
Statement 2: Cessation of mitosis is a genetically programmed event.
16
Statement 1: Testis originate in the abdomen but later descend into the scrotum under the influence of
testosterone
Statement 2: The interstitial (Leydig’s cells) of the testes secrete male sex hormone, inhibin
17
Statement 1: In the testis, spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules and testosterone
secretion takes place in the Sertoli cells
Statement 2: Testosterone brings growth and maturation of primary sex organs and also development
of accessory sex characters
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18
Statement 1: Menstrual phase is also called shedding tears of lost ovum
Statement 2: In the menstrual phase cast of endometrial lining along with ovum takes place due to
reduced titre of oestrogen and progesterone
19
Statement 1: Placenta is connected to the foetus by an umbilical cord
Statement 2: Foetal components of the placenta are derived from the chondroblast
20
Statement 1: Infection of urethra is more common in female than male
Statement 2: Urethra is shorter in female than male
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3.HUMAN REPRODUCTION
: ANSWER KEY :
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1) d 2) a 3) b 4) a
5) c 6) c 7) c 8) a
9) a 10) a 11) c 12) c
13) a 14) a 15) c 16) c
17) d 18) a 19) c 20) a
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3.HUMAN REPRODUCTION
: HINTS AND SOLUTIONS :
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1 (d)
Zona pellucida disappears when blastocytes
reaches to the uterus and check the implantation
at the uterine wall
2 (a)
The chorionic cells secretes a hormone called
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG ). Which
resembles and take over the job of pituitary LH
during pregnancy. hCG maintains the corpus
luteum and stimulate it to secrete progesterone.
Progesterone maintains the endometrium lining
and cause it to grow through out pregnancy
3 (b)
Fertility Phase/Ovulation Production of FSH
decrease, while that of LH increase. It causes
ovulation. The ovum is drawn into Fallopian tube.
It is viable for two days when fertilisation can
occur. Ovulation takes places, between 10th-14th
day (fertility period 10th -6th day of menstrual
cycle). Two characteristic of the fertility phase
help in fertilization: (i) Uterine movement help in
spread of sperms in female reproduction tract. (ii)
Ciliary movements in the epithelium of Fallopian
tubes for bringing in the ovum
4 (a)
Parthenogenesis is a kind of sexual reproduction
in which there is no fusion of male and female
gametes occur. The organism is developed from
haploid egg only
5 (c)
Vaginal coelom partly surrounds the testis in
scrotum is a wrong statement because vagina is
the part of external genitalia (vulva) in the female
reproductive system and scrotum is a sac like
structure in which testes are suspended
6 (c)
It is the sperm, which needs energy to more about
in female tract, so that fertilisation of ova takes
place
7 (c)
In human, the gametes contributed by male-
determines the sex of a child. Sex in human is a
polygenic trait depending upon a comulative
effect of some genes present on Y-chromosome
and not on X-chromosome
Implantation
(i) Zygote divides rapidly by mitotic division. This
is called cleavage. As a result 2, 4, 8, 16 daughter
cells are produced which are termed as
blastomeres
(ii) Embryo with 8-16 blastomeres is called a
morula
(iii) The morula changes into a large mass of cells
called blastocyst, which passes further into the
uterus
(iv) Blastomeres in the blastocyst are arranged
into an outer layer called trophoblast and an
inner group of cells attached to trophoblast called
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inner cell mass
(v) The trophoblast layer gets attached to the
cells of the endometrium and the inner cell mass
gives rise to the embryo
(vi) The cells of endometrium divide rapidly and
cover the blastocyst
(vii) So, the blastocyst gets embedded in the
endometrium of the uterus. This is called
implantation, which leads to pregnancy
8 (a)
Senescence is the process of ageing, which
involves the progressive deterioration in activity
of cells, tissues, organs, etc. Ageing may be due to
gradual accumulation of somatic mutations or too
late expression of genes not subject to strong
selection.
9 (a)
Sperm stick to an egg for fertilisation. The
stickness of sperm to the egg takes place due to
interaction of surface receptors, fertilisin of the
egg and antifertilisin on the sperm head
10 (a)
1. If Assertion is True, Reason is True, Reason is
correct explanation of 1
2. If Assertion is True, Reason is True, Reason is
not correct explanation of 1
3. If Assertion is True, Reason is False
4. If Assertion is False, Reason is True
11 (c)
Eggs containing a small amount of yolk or without
any yolk are known as
microlecithal/alecithal/oligolecithal/meiolecithal
eggs. Such eggs are found in starfish, Amphioxus,
eutherian mammals including rabbbit and human
beings. In such eggs, equal holoblastic cleavage
takes place, in which equal or approximately
equal sized blastomeres are produced.
12 (c)
Human egg contains very less ooplasm hence,
called alecithal egg
13 (a)
Primary oocyte and follicle cells both arises from
the Graafian follicle by the mitosis cell division.
Hence, they (Graafian follicle and primary
oocytes) are regarded as the sibling cells
14 (a)
Twins are two types
(i) Indetical Twins (maternal twins) One egg give
rise to identical twins by separation of blastomere
(ii) Non-identical Twins (paternal twins) Two
eggs fertilized by two sperms give and rise to non-
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identical twins
15 (c)
Old age is not an illness. It includes progressive
deterioration of the structure and functions of
cells, tissues, organs and organs systems. With
increasing age, the efficiency of heart decreases
and consequently, the blood going the brain and
kidney is reduced to 80% and 42 % respectively.
Arthritis, weak eyesight, less secretion of
digestive juices, etc, are some degenerative
diseases. Cessation of mitosis is not a genetically
programmed event.
16 (c)
Inhibin is secreted by Sertoli cells. Sertoli cells are
also called nurse cells
17 (d)
In the testis spermatogenesis occurs in the
seminiferous tubules and testosterone secretion
takes place in interstitial cells. Testosterone
brings growth and maturation of secondary sex
organs. It also brings development of secondary
sex characters
18 (a)
Menstrual phase. It is the phase of menstrual
flow/menses which continues for 3-5 days and
involves discharge of blood (a total of 50-100 mL)
along with easting off endomitrial lining (uterus,
Follopian tube and vagina) due to reduced titre of
both oestrogen and progesterone hormones.
Menstrual phase is also called funeral of
unfertilised egg or shedding tears of lost ovum.
First day of menstrual phase is also considered to
be first day of menstrual cycle
19 (c)
The foetal components of placenta are derived
from the inner mass cell
20 (a)
A urethra of females are shorter than male. That
way the infection of urethra is more common in
females than in males
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