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System Design - A Comprehensive Note

System design is the process of defining the architecture and components of a system to meet specified requirements. It includes logical and physical design phases, objectives such as efficiency and scalability, and a structured process from requirement analysis to design validation. Key components and principles guide the design, emphasizing modularity, security, and the use of various design tools.

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Ekuma Emmanuel
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21 views4 pages

System Design - A Comprehensive Note

System design is the process of defining the architecture and components of a system to meet specified requirements. It includes logical and physical design phases, objectives such as efficiency and scalability, and a structured process from requirement analysis to design validation. Key components and principles guide the design, emphasizing modularity, security, and the use of various design tools.

Uploaded by

Ekuma Emmanuel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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✨ SYSTEM DESIGN – A COMPREHENSIVE NOTE

Definition:
System design is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and
data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. It is a critical phase in system development
that outlines how a system will function and how its parts will interact.

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🔹 TYPES OF SYSTEM DESIGN


1. Logical Design:

Focuses on what the system will do.

Describes data flow, inputs, outputs, and processes.

Tools: Data Flow Diagrams (DFD), Entity-Relationship Diagrams (ERD), Flowcharts.

2. Physical Design:

Describes how the system will be implemented.

Includes hardware specifications, software platforms, database designs, and network


architecture.

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🔹 OBJECTIVES OF SYSTEM DESIGN


To ensure the system meets user needs.

To create a system that is efficient, secure, and scalable.

To facilitate easy maintenance and upgrades.

To balance performance, cost, and usability.


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🔹 SYSTEM DESIGN PROCESS


1. Requirement Analysis:

Understand user requirements.

Identify functional and non-functional needs.

2. High-Level Design (HLD):

Focuses on system architecture.

Identifies modules, components, and how they interact.

3. Low-Level Design (LLD):

Details individual modules.

Defines logic, database structures, APIs, etc.

4. Design Review and Validation:

Evaluate if the design aligns with the requirements.

Make adjustments where necessary.

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🔹 COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM DESIGN


Architecture Design: Layout of the system and communication between components.

Data Design: Structure and storage of data (e.g., databases, files).

Interface Design: How users and other systems will interact with it (UI/UX).

Process Design: Describes operations, workflows, and logic.

Security Design: Safeguards for data, users, and access.

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🔹 SYSTEM DESIGN TOOLS


Flowcharts

DFD (Data Flow Diagram)

UML Diagrams (Use Case, Class, Sequence, Activity)

ERD (Entity-Relationship Diagram)

Wireframes & Prototypes

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🔹 IMPORTANCE OF SYSTEM DESIGN


Provides a clear blueprint for development.

Enhances communication among stakeholders.

Helps in identifying issues early.

Ensures the system is scalable and maintainable.

Reduces time and cost of development and maintenance.


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🔹 EXAMPLES OF SYSTEM DESIGN


Designing an ATM system: Includes user interface, transaction process, cash dispensing logic,
etc.

Building a library management system: Involves user registration, book catalog, borrowing
process, fines, etc.

Creating a social media platform: Includes user profile design, messaging system, media
upload, and security.

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🔹 SYSTEM DESIGN PRINCIPLES


Modularity: Break system into manageable parts.

Scalability: Design should handle growth.

Abstraction: Hide complex implementation details.

Reusability: Components should be reusable.

Flexibility: System should adapt to changes.

Security: Protect data and operations.

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