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Introductory Statistics for Health and Nursing Using
SPSS Louise Marston Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Louise Marston
ISBN(s): 9781847874825, 1847874827
Edition: Pap/Psc
File Details: PDF, 7.35 MB
Year: 2010
Language: english
 Marston
Introductory Statistics for Health and Nursing Using SPSS
Introductory Statistics for Health and Nursing Using SPSS is ideal for all health science
and nursing students.

Doing statistics can be daunting for those new to the subject, but with this book,
specifically developed for those studying health sciences and nursing, students
will find getting to grips with the subject a piece of cake. It is packed with easy-to-

Louise Marston
understand practical examples, avoiding long and off-putting statistical formulae,
and what’s more, it covers exactly what these students will need to get them through
their statistics course.

Introductory Statistics for Health and Nursing Using SPSS is also accompanied by a
website containing datasets and examples. Introductory Statistics for
The inclusion of real-world data and a host of health-related examples should make
this an ideal core text for any introductory statistics course in the field. Health and Nursing
Louise Marston is a Research Statistician in the Department of Primary Care and
Population Health at University College London and has taught on a number of
Health courses. She is a member of the Royal Statistical Society, a fellow of the Higher
Using SPSS
Education Academy and an affiliate member of the Royal College of Paediatrics and
Child Health.

www.sagepub.co.uk/marston

ISBN: 978-1-84787-483-2

Cover image © Dreamstime I Cover design by Wendy Scott

9 781847 874832

marston_introductory_aw.indd 1 2/11/09 15:46:16

Marston-3932-Prelims:Marston Prelims.qxp 26/11/2009 8:43 PM Page i

Introductory Statistics for Health

and Nursing Using SPSS
Marston-3932-Prelims:Marston Prelims.qxp 26/11/2009 8:44 PM Page ii

COMPANION WEBSITE

Visit the companion website at www.uk.sagepub.com/

marston to find datasets and additional questions.
Marston-3932-Prelims:Marston Prelims.qxp 26/11/2009 8:44 PM Page iii

Introductory Statistics for Health

and Nursing Using SPSS

Louise Marston
Marston-3932-Prelims:Marston Prelims.qxp 26/11/2009 8:44 PM Page iv

© Louise Marston 2010

First published 2010

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private
study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may be reproduced,
stored or transmitted in any form, or by any means, only with the
prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of
reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences
issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning
reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers.

SAGE Publications Ltd

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London EC1Y 1SP

SAGE Publications Inc.

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Thousand Oaks, California 91320

SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd

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Far East Square
Singapore 048763

Library of Congress Control Number: 2009927204

British Library Cataloguing in Publication data

A catalogue record for this book is available from

the British Library

ISBN 978-1-84787-482-5
ISBN 978-1-84787-483-2 (pbk)

Typeset by C&M Digitals (P) Ltd, Chennai, India

Printed by MPG Books Group, Bodmin, Cornwall
Printed on paper from sustainable resources
Marston-3932-Prelims:Marston Prelims.qxp 26/11/2009 8:44 PM Page v

For my father, Roger Marston

and
my mother, Joy Marston.
Marston-3932-Prelims:Marston Prelims.qxp 26/11/2009 8:44 PM Page vi
Marston-3932-Prelims:Marston Prelims.qxp 26/11/2009 8:44 PM Page vii

CONTENTS

Preface viii

1 Getting Started with Data and SPSS 1

2 Data Management 22

3 Study Designs 42

4 Probability 54

5 Summary Statistics for Continuous Data 60

6 Summary Statistics for Categorical Data 90

7 Samples and Populations 102

8 Comparing Two Categorical Variables 112

9 Comparing Means 136

10 Non-Parametric Tests 154

11 Assessing Associations with a Continuous Outcome 173

12 Assessing Associations with a Categorical Outcome 200

Appendix 1: Datasets 213

Appendix 2: Solutions 215
Glossary 234
References 243
Index 247
Marston-3932-Prelims:Marston Prelims.qxp 26/11/2009 8:44 PM Page viii

PREFACE

This book came about through teaching MSc students in nursing and other health
related disciplines, where I found there was no book that described the statistics I was
teaching and set it with SPSS whilst giving examples related to health. This book
assumes no knowledge of SPSS or statistics, and starts by describing features of data
before introducing SPSS and then combines the two with data entry and management.
As background to the research process, study designs and the concepts of samples and
populations are explained and illustrated using published literature. Chapter 4, the final
background chapter, is on probability, showing how simple concepts work before link-
ing probability to health statistics. This book continues by describing the statistical
techniques and tests commonly taught to students of nursing and other health related
disciplines – both undergraduate and postgraduate. It gives examples of how each tech-
nique and test is carried out using SPSS. Each example shown uses data from real stud-
ies; some of which were collected by the students I taught. Real data are important
because they show the patterns and deviations that students may see in their datasets.
There are exercises at the end of each chapter so that students can test their under-
standing of the chapter. Some of the exercises are designed to be used with SPSS
by analysing the data; giving practice with SPSS, data analysis and interpretation of
the results.
I would like to express my thanks to Kiran Katikaneni, Carol Morant, Mathew
Alfred, Maria Stein and Aminollah Ferdowsian for allowing me to use their data in
this book. Also thank you to Alison Sherwin for allowing me to use a screenshot of
her variable names. I would also like to thank Janet Peacock for allowing me to use
data we have both been very close to for a number of years, and also for encourag-
ing me to write the book. Finally, thank you to Julie Gilg and Gita Thakur for read-
ing the book; and for spotting inconsistencies and typos. However, any that remain
are my own.

Louise Marston
February 2009
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1
GETTING STARTED WITH
DATA AND SPSS

INTRODUCTION

When undertaking research studies, it is likely that data will have been collected.
Much of this will be in a form suitable to be analysed statistically; that is, responses
from a questionnaire or data collection sheet can be coded so that each response is
represented by a number. When data have been coded, it can be entered to a data
analysis program such as SPSS. SPSS is menu driven, making it easy to use.
This chapter will start by distinguishing between types of data. It will then move
onto the situation of a pile of questionnaires that need to be coded before data are
entered into SPSS. It will show the conventions for assigning codes to questionnaires
before the data entry process. It will then go onto opening SPSS and giving a tour of
features that will be explained during the course of this book.This will lead to how
to set up a datasheet so that data can be entered into SPSS.The chapter then moves
onto saving data and an introduction to SPSS syntax, which is mainly used as a means
of recording the commands used for future analysis. Finally, actions associated with
closing SPSS, encompassing saving, printing and exporting output are explained.
This chapter uses a questionnaire asking hotel employees about their knowledge
of diabetes as well as the data collected from the resulting study.

THE AIMS OF THIS CHAPTER ARE:

• To distinguish between types of data.

• To learn how to code questionnaires/data collection sheets so the result-
ing data can be entered into SPSS.
• To show how to open SPSS.
• To guide the user round the windows and menus that comprise SPSS, so
that data can be opened, entered and ultimately analysed.
• To explain how to save data, output and command syntax.
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2 INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS FOR HEALTH AND NURSING USING SPSS

PRELIMINARY TO THIS CHAPTER

This is a radio button. SPSS uses them when it requires one option to be selected.

TYPES OF DATA

Paramount to all data entry and analysis is the knowledge of what type of data a given
variable is because different types of data are coded and ultimately analysed in differ-
ent ways. SPSS gives three options regarding types of data: nominal, ordinal and scale.

Nominal data

These are categorical data that have no order.The categories within each variable are
mutually exclusive: respondents can only fall into one category. For example, respon-
dents can only be one ethnicity from a given list.Where a nominal variable has two
categories, it is often referred to as dichotomous or binary.

Examples of nominal variables:

Gender – respondents can be male or female

Disease/health status – respondents can either have a disease or not
Marital status – respondents can only have one marital status at a given time: single,
married, separated, divorced, widowed

Ordinal data

These are also categorical variables in which the categories are ordered.

Examples of ordinal variables:

Age group – for example, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60+

Likert scales – strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, strongly
disagree

Scale data

In SPSS this covers discrete and continuous data. Discrete data comprise variables
that can only take integers (whole numbers).
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GETTING STARTED WITH DATA AND SPSS 3

Examples of discrete data:

Number of nights spent in hospital

Number of courses of a given drug prescribed during the study period
Age at last birthday
Number of cigarettes smoked in a week

Continuous data can (in theory at least) take any value. However, this is usually
restricted by the accuracy of the equipment used for measuring. For example, scales
for weighing adult human weights rarely measure more accurately than whole kilo-
grams and occasionally to one decimal place.This is also for practical reasons; there
is little need to weigh adult humans to greater precision than the nearest kilogram
or 100 grams (1 decimal place).

Examples of continuous data:

Blood pressure
Body mass index (BMI)
Lung function, for example peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)

CODING QUESTIONNAIRES

Once data collection is complete, then the next task is to decide how to code each
question so that it can easily be seen which values should be inputted into SPSS.This
is necessary because numerical values are needed representing answers to questions
on a questionnaire or other data collection sheet for SPSS to analyse the data. The
initial task of deciding on coding is best done using an unused questionnaire so that
all possible codes can be written on the questionnaire without confusion. In addi-
tion, it is a good idea to write the variable names on this questionnaire.These steps
help the coding process so that individual codes do not have to be remembered and
also provides a permanent record of the coding of the dataset.
Figures 1.1a, 1.1b and 1.1c show excerpts from a questionnaire aimed at hotel
employees to discover their knowledge of diabetes and to find out whether
employees consider hotels (as a workplace) to be appropriate places to conduct
health promotion specifically aimed at type 2 diabetes. These excerpts have not
been annotated with possible variable names, but have been annotated with cod-
ing. Variable names should not be long (ideally eight characters), but should be as
descriptive as possible (when setting up an SPSS datasheet it is possible to give each
variable a longer label, this will be explained later in this chapter).Variable names
must be unique within a dataset.
Questions 2 and 3 (Figure 1.1a) produced nominal data; there is no ordering.
Question 2 lists three options and participants were asked to select one, therefore a
different code is needed for all options. As the data are nominal the numbers given
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4 INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS FOR HEALTH AND NURSING USING SPSS

2. To the best of your knowledge can diabetes type 2 be delayed?

Yes 1
No 2
Don’t know 3

3. Which of the following do you recognise as symptoms of diabetes type 2?

(tick all that apply)

Tiredness 1 Excessive thirst 1

Tension and depression 1 Loss of weight 1
Frequent urination 1 Giddiness 1
Slow healing of wounds 1 Excessive hunger 1

FIGURE 1.1A EXCERPT FROM A QUESTIONNAIRE – QUESTIONS GIVING NOMINAL DATA

10. Please state your weight in either kgs, lbs or stones and your height in cm or
inches.
Weight Height

Weight in kgs, lbs, stns; Height in cm or inches

FIGURE 1.1B EXCERPT FROM A QUESTIONNAIRE – QUESTIONS GIVING CONTINUOUS DATA

as the codes do not necessarily have to be 1, 2 and 3, they could have equally been
0, 1, and 2 or any other three unique numbers.The convention is to code nominal
data using consecutive numbers, starting with 0 or 1.
Question 3 allows the participant to select as many options as they want.Therefore,
each potential response needs to be coded and entered as a separate variable.Therefore,
although it is presented on the questionnaire as one question, when the data are entered
into SPSS for analysis, there will be eight variables.With Question 3, if the participant
has not selected a given option, it is assumed that they do not recognise that option as
a symptom of type 2 diabetes so these are eight yes and no questions.The simplest way
to code these is to code as 1 where the option has been selected and 0 otherwise,
giving coding of 0 = no and 1 = yes.
Question 10 (Figure 1.1b) gives scale data. It requires the participant to put
their actual height and weight in the two boxes provided (data for this study were
collected through an online questionnaire so there were dropdown menus giv-
ing possible options). If the questionnaire was completed using a pen and paper,
it would be advantageous to put the possible units beside the measure and
instruct the participant to select the units they are giving their measurements in.
The number of variables equal to the number of types of units used would be
entered into SPSS. For example, with height, there may be two variables: height
in metres and height in inches. Exact heights and weights would be entered into
SPSS. Conversion into one set of units for each variable would take place using
SPSS to ensure there are no human errors resulting from the calculations being
done by hand.
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GETTING STARTED WITH DATA AND SPSS 5

12. Questions 12–16 ask about your opinion of health promotion programmes in
the workplace. Please select the option that best represents your view.
Believe Believe Believe a
Not sure Not at all
strongly slightly little
My company should help create greater awareness about diabetes
prevention at work.
My workplace is a suitable environment for promoting diabetes prevention
awareness programmes.

1 2 3 4 5

FIGURE 1.1C EXCERPT FROM A QUESTIONNAIRE – QUESTIONS GIVING ORDINAL DATA

The questions in Figure 1.1c use likert scales in which participants are asked to
select the response closest to their opinion. The possible responses are ordered
through the spectrum of opinions.The responses range from ‘believe strongly’ to ‘not
at all’ with a neutral category in the middle. As these options are ordered, the codes
that will be entered into SPSS should also be ordered.Therefore, in this example, the
responses are coded from 1 to 5.

Further information

For more information on coding see Chapter 2 of Peacock and Kerry (2007).

OPENING SPSS

Now there are some data to put into SPSS, the program can be opened.To do this, click
on Start → Programs → SPSS for Windows → SPSS for Windows.When this has been
done, the initial screen will appear. An example of this can be seen in Figure 1.2.
A window appears on top of the SPSS Data Editor. If the data file required has been
used recently, it will appear in the box containing recently used data files. Otherwise
click Cancel → File → Open → Data… → find the data file required from where it
was last saved.The file name will end .sav.
The Status Bar is the section at the bottom of the screen that usually says SPSS
Processor is ready (Figure 1.2). This can be turned off by clicking on View →
Status Bar.
When the dataset is open, the SPSS Data Editor will look similar to Figure 1.3.
This is Data View. All variables have been coded to numbers. Each row represents a
different participant.
Click on theVariableView tab at the bottom left of the screen (indicated in Figure 1.3),
to get a screen like Figure 1.4.This is the screen where category codes and missing data
codes can be viewed or declared to SPSS. In Figure 1.4 it can be seen that there is one
row for each variable in the dataset.The meaning of each of the columns inVariableView
and what should be placed in them will be shown later in this chapter in the section on
entering data.
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6 INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS FOR HEALTH AND NURSING USING SPSS

The box where

recently used data
files will be
shown

The box where

other recently
used files (for
example, syntax
or output) will be
shown

Status bar

FIGURE 1.2 INITIAL SCREEN WHEN SPSS OPENS

Variable
names

Scroll down
to see
more
participants

Each row
represents
a different
participant

Data
View tab
Scroll across
to see
more variables

Variable View tab

FIGURE 1.3 DATA VIEW

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GETTING STARTED WITH DATA AND SPSS 7

A TOUR OF THE SPSS DATA VIEW MENUS AND TOOLBAR

This section will explain options under the SPSS menus which are likely to be used by
health scientists and nurses.If an explanation on using any other options within these menus
is needed, the built in Help gives information on all functions and commands within SPSS.

One variable
per row

Type of data

Variable
names Type of Number of Variable label Coding for Coding for
data (will decimal (longer categorical missing
almost places variable variables data
always be name)
numeric)

FIGURE 1.4 VARIABLE VIEW

FIGURE 1.5 DATA VIEW SHOWING THE CONTENTS OF THE FILE MENU
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8 INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS FOR HEALTH AND NURSING USING SPSS

File

• Options available under the File menu are shown in Figure 1.5. Many of the options
under this menu are similar to those found in other Windows based programs: New,
Open, Save, Save As…, Print Preview, Print and Exit.
• Open Database invokes an interface that allows data from a database such as
Microsoft Access to be opened directly into SPSS. Likewise, Read Text Data…
allows data stored in text formats to be opened.
• Mark File Read Only is used for data protection purposes, so that datasets cannot
be modified or deleted. If it is necessary to change the dataset whilst this is in oper-
ation, it has to be resaved using a different name.Alternately it is possible to reverse
the permissions using Mark file Read Write from the File Menu.
• Display Data File Information shows information about the dataset in the SPSS
Viewer (the SPSS Viewer is explained later in this chapter). This includes: the
Variable name, Position in the dataset, Label, Measurement Level, Column Width,
Alignment, Print Format,Write Format, Missing Values,Value and Label. Most of
this information is available in Variable View (Figure 1.4).
• Recently Used Data and Recently Used Files allow datasets or files (output or
syntax) that have been opened recently to be opened easily without having to
browse directories to find the dataset or file required.

Edit

• This menu (Figure 1.6) largely includes the editing options that are available in
other Windows based programs. An additional option is Paste Variables…. Paste
Variables… allows exact copies of variables to be created in Variable View. This is
useful when a dataset has a number of variables that have similar attributes; variables
can be copied and the necessary minor changes made. For example if weight was
collected at three time points, the variable attributes can be copied and the variable
names and labels changed to make them unique and reflect the three time points.
• Insert Variable and Insert Case allow the user to insert another variable or set of
data from a participant into the dataset respectively.These need not necessarily be
at the end of the dataset.
• Options… allow the user to change a number of attributes of SPSS, customising
to their own preferences.

FIGURE 1.6 DATA VIEW SHOWING THE CONTENTS OF THE EDIT MENU
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GETTING STARTED WITH DATA AND SPSS 9

View

FIGURE 1.7 DATA VIEW SHOWING THE CONTENTS OF THE VIEW MENU

• The icons on the toolbar can be altered using Toolbars….

• The font type and size used in the Data Editor can be changed using Fonts….
• Grid Lines allows the gridlines on Data View to be seen (the default is that they
are visible).These can be turned off.
• It is possible to see how the categorical variables have been labelled whilst in Data
View by turning Value Labels on.
• When in Data View, clicking on Variables changes the view to Variable View. In
Variable View, this menu item is replaced by Data.

Data

• Using the data menu (Figure 1.8), data within a given variable or variables can be
sorted using Sort Cases….
• Transpose… creates a new dataset with the rows from the original dataset appearing
in the columns and vice versa.

FIGURE 1.8 DATA VIEW SHOWING THE CONTENTS OF THE DATA MENU
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10 INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS FOR HEALTH AND NURSING USING SPSS

• Additional data from another file can be added to the dataset currently open using
Merge Files. The data can either be additional participants; in which case at least
one of the variable names should be identical (those that are not identical will
form new variables in the original dataset). Alternatively, new variables can be
added, in which case, the participant identifying variable should be the same in
both datasets.This will be explained further in Chapter 2.
• Split File… separates data into groups based on at least one variable for analysis
purposes.
• Select Cases… is used if only specific cases (usually defined by specific characteristics)
are required. Further explanation on this is in Chapter 2.

Transform

FIGURE 1.9 DATA VIEW SHOWING THE CONTENTS OF THE TRANSFORM MENU

• Compute Variable… is used to generate new variables.These usually utilise SPSS

built-in functions such as LN and/or existing variables in the dataset. Details on
how to do this will be given in Chapter 2.
• Recode into Same Variables and Recode into Different Variables are used when
the coding of variables is altered for analysis, to create coding to transform a con-
tinuous variable to a categorical one or to combine responses from more than one
variable to create one variable. It may also be used to populate a variable gener-
ated using Compute Variable…. Examples of some of these uses are shown in
Chapter 2.

Analyze

• All statistical analyses are initiated from the Analyze menu shown in Figure 1.10.
• Reports give elementary case summaries of the dataset. It is more beneficial to
summarise the dataset using Descriptive Statistics.
• Descriptive Statistics is used to calculate summary statistics. These will be
explained more fully in Chapters 5 and 6.
Marston-3932-Ch-01:Marston Sample.qxp 27/11/2009 11:45 AM Page 11

GETTING STARTED WITH DATA AND SPSS 11

FIGURE 1.10 DATA VIEW SHOWING THE CONTENTS OF THE ANALYZE MENU

• Tables creates tables of summary statistics.Tables of summary statistics can also be

created by the levels of categorical variables.
• Compare Means is used to carry out statistical tests that involve the comparison
of means, for example, t-tests and one-way ANOVA. These will be discussed in
Chapter 9.
• Correlate is used to carry out correlations.These will be explained in Chapter 11.
• Most regression analyses are invoked from the Regression item on the menu.
Linear regression and logistic regression will be explained in Chapters 11 and 12.
• All non-parametric tests (for example, Mann-Whitney U test,Wilcoxon Matched
Pairs test, Kruskal-Wallis H test) are initiated through the Nonparametric Tests
menu item on this menu. An explanation of these will be given in Chapter 10.

Graphs

• The menu shown in Figure 1.11 is the starting point for the production of all
stand alone graphics (some graphics can be produced from within specific Analyze
menu commands). The easiest way to invoke graphics is to use the Chart
Builder…. The use of this will be explained in relation to specific graph types
throughout the course of the book.

FIGURE 1.11 DATA VIEW SHOWING THE CONTENTS OF THE GRAPHS MENU
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wrong with the French sailors ; they brought the vessel to anchor off
the Isle of Sark while the other brigs went off for England. Our tars
offered the captain to take the vessel into Plymouth but of course
this offer was rejected. 5th, got up anchor and made into Jersey.
The seamen were taken on board the guardship and the soldiers
landed at the pier where General Don and a brio-ade major received
us. Many soldiers gathered round us asking questions about friends
and comrades. Captain Corby of the ^I5th regiment with some
noncommissioned officers took charge of this division, and we
marched three miles to Groveville barracks on a fine sandy beach
not far from Elizabeth Castle. Here we had an opportunity of
bathing. We were inspected by a general doctor to see that we were
clear and clean of scurvy and itch and other evils that come from
France, and the whole party was reported free of any disease
whatever. It seemed wonderful to some of the officers that so many
men left to the bent of their own inclinations should be so free of
disease. But it may be easily explained. Those men, being in the
habit of marching every day in their divisions for months together,
were more afraid of losing their part)^ than if they had been with
their regiments ; while those who had been irregular in any way
were not able to be among the first to reach the coast. And strange
to many officers as it may appear I have seen nearly 1000 men
marching in France under charge of only two gendarmes and no
more disorder among those men for weeks together, than I have
seen in a regiment marching in Britain under the command of above
100 officers and non-commissioned officers, and these men
generally in billets. We received is id per day of pay, and got a shirt,
shoes and a pair of stockings each. Bread sold at 46. per lib here ;
how different in France ! This island is strongly fortified all round the
coast and the garrison consists of. General Don, Commander-in-
chief, Major-General Horton, the 15th and i8th regiments at St Helier
; a veteran battalion in the fort, 2nd battalion 6th and 2nd battalion
66th. The able bodied men in the island form a militia and are drilled
every Sunday.
 THE WHITE C0CK.\DE: 2-s On the 1 9th we marched at
two o'clock in the mornino' tor St Helier. I thought myself lucky in
getting on board the gunbrig bitelligent^ but when we eot to sea a
French war vessel came bump upon us. This put us all into
contusion. The French folks being so lon^ out of practice do not
know how to manage their ships. We were obliged to bear off for
Guernsey and anchored off the town of St Pierre and reported our
case to the Admiral. We asked to be put on board another vessel,
but this was refused, so we set about puttino; thino^s to rights and
sailed on the 21st and anchored in Plvmouth roads on the 22nd
when the Kino^'s sailors wen: on board the Sahador del Mundo
guardship, formerlv a Spanish 4-decker. The merchant sailors were
sent into Plvmouth, where they got £1 each to take them home, and
the soldiers were landed at IVIount Wise, and right happv were we
all in getting our feet on British ground again. We waited on the
Green until the arrival of the Fort-major and other ofHcers, when our
names and reg^iments were taken down ; we were marched to the
district paymaster's otiice at Stonehouse, who gave us clothing to
the value of 31s. 6d. and we got our pay daily. We were formed into
companies of sixt^- men each with officers and sergeants. Our
di\4sion was commanded bv Mai or T. Craigie of the Perth Militia,
which regiment was doing dut\- at the Dockyard. All the Germans
and Maltese embarked for their own countries ; the lame were sent
to Chelsea where if I had been a friend to myself I should have
gone. We got billets about four o'clock in the afcernoon, and I was
more tired hanging about this day than if I had marched thirty-
miles. I was quartered near that infernal den called Castle Ray
where every other door is a public house, full of sailors and soldiers,
tiddlers and pipers, etc., so that the whole street stank of gin,
tobacco, and red herrin2:s. I ^^sited all the principal works about
Plvmouth, the Docks, Naval Hospital, Marine Barracks, etc. S'earlv all
the dut)' here is done by Militia regiments. All men landed with us
whose regiments were in the district, which were the i ith, •20th,
and 28th, joined them. A riot broke out in the town concerning the
bakers and millers mixing; a white kind ot pulverised clav among the
flour and sellins; it to the public. The Mayor seized a shipload of this
stuff in the harbour consigned to some wealtliy individuals of the
town who had been carrving on this diabolical traffic for a long
period. Some of them were
 244 A BRITISH PRISONER IN FRANCE lodged in the castle,
the jail not being considered a safe place to keep them from the fury
of the people. The French prisoners were all cleared out from this,
and the last division came from Dartmoor. On seeing us they
exclaimed against our country. But we easily convinced them that we
had greater reason to complain for most of us came home in rags,
while they were leaving Britain with new clothing and many of them
with large sums of money. 1 went to a fair at New Passage to see
the Cornwall men wrestle with the Devonshire men for purses of
money. Many a severe fall was given and some had to be carried out
of the ring. Many coaches and gentlemen were here and I believe
above half the women of both counties. The Cornishmen carried the
day. The subsequent history of Daniel Nicol may be related in a few
words. Having served continuously from 1 794 to 18 14, he, on the
return of Napoleon from Elba, at once volunteered for service and
joined a veteran battalion, until on the return of the troops from
France, he was again discharged but was offered the rank of
sergeant in his old regiment, then lying at Cork. This, however, he
declined. Exceptional interest attends the closing years of Nicol's life.
In 1 8 1 9 he was engaged by Robert Cadell, of the firm of Archibald
Constable and Co., the publishers of Sir Walter Scott's novels, in
whose publishing-house, he notes, on account of the extraordinary
demand for Scott's writings, the work was often very heavy. When
misfortune overtook the concern in January 1826, his services were
retained by the trustees, and Mr Cadell invited him to remain, as, if
he commenced business on his own account, he intended to engage
him. Accordingly, in October of that year, when the stock was
purchased by Cadell and Co., Nicol was at once employed. He
continued in the same service till Mr Cadell's death in 1849, and his
trustees subsequently employed him, till in May 1 85 1 the business
was purchased by Messrs Adam and Charles Black, to whom the
rights of the publication of Scott's novels were transferred. In
October 1851, however, Nicol died from inflammation of the lungs at
the age of seventythree, having spent twenty-two years in the army
and thirty years in the service of Mr Cadell's firm.
 INDEX ABERCROMBlEin Egypt, 7 ; at Genoa, ii ; death of,
37 Aboukir Bay, Landing of British in, 23, 25 Aine Jardin, Aide de
Camp to Napoleon, I, 5 ; his diary, 190 Alexandria, night attack at,
35-7 American Captains show kindness to British prisoners, 213
Anson, General, at Talavera, 96 Aray del Molinos, storming of, 118,
119 Armburgo, Duke de, captured by Gordons at Array del Molinos,
118, 119 Armour, Trooper of the Greys at Waterloo, 143 ; a relative
of Jean Armour, 143146. Baillie, Ensign, 18 Baird, General Sir David,
56, 58, 71 ; wounded at Corunna, 82 Barclay of Ury, Colonel, a
noted boxer, 170; boxes with Shaw the Lifeguardsman, 170 Barnes,
General, at Quatre Bras, 156 Barton, Colonel, 170 Bauduin, General,
126; death of, 133 Beattie, Alex, of Gordons, 225 Beattie, Dr,
(Gordons), 102, 103 Bellanie, George, writer of pamphlets, 37
Belliard, General, 59 Beresford, Marshal, 73, 75 ; in Spain, 9293.94;
117 Bernard, Prince of Saxe Weimar on Prussian blunder at
Waterloo, 199 Black, Adam & Charles, 244 Black Watch (42nd regt.),
at Georgetown, 12 ; Sergt. Sinclair of, gets a commission, 38 ; in
Spain, 90 ; at Quatre Bras, 130 ; at Waterloo, 151 Blaney, Lord, 44 ;
his committee, 225, 226, 238 Bowie, Private Wm. (Gordons), loi
Bradley, Capt., 28th Regt., loi Brewster, Corporal G. at Hougoumont,
123 British volunteers in the French service, 211, 212, 217
Brunswick, Duke of. Troops of, their bravery, 155 Bull, Major, at
Hougoumont, 125 Bunbury, Colonel, Commander of detachments at
Talavera, 104 Cadell & Co., 244 Cadiz, Why the British did not take,
14 ; British Fleet at, 14 Cameron, 'Earl of Alkmar' of the Gordons, 60
Cameron Highlanders at Waterloo, 140, 151 Cameron, Sir John of
Fassifearn, (Colonel of the Gordons) at Alexandria, 37, 119, I53» 157
; death of at Quatre Bras, 157 Cameron, Pipe Major, at Waterloo,
142 143 Campbell, A Turkish Governor, 20 ; begs condemned sailors'
lives, 1 1 ; Who was he ? 20 Carruthers, from Annandale, Lieut, of
the Greys, 146 Cheney, Major of the Greys, 147 Codrington, Sir Wm.,
240 Coldstream Guards at Quatre Bras, 124 ; at Hougoumont, 123,
133 Constable, Archibald & Co., 244 Cook, General, at Hougoumont,
124 Coote, General Sir Eyre, 41, 62, 65 Corby, Captain, 15th Regt.,
242 Corunna, Retreat to, 71 ; Battle of, 81 24s
 246 INDEX Cotton, Admiral Sir Charles, 91 Craddock,
General, 44, 49 Craigie, Major F., Perth Militia, 243 Crawford, Bgde.
General, 104 Cubieres, General, 126 ; His praise of the chivalry of
the British at Hougoumont, 133 Cuesta, General, joins the British,
95, 97 Dakin, Trooper of the 2nd Life Guards, 174 Dewse, John,
grandfather of Corporal John Shaw, 169 Dickson, John, Sergt.-
I^Iajor of the Greys, 137 ; a native of Paisley ; at Waterloo ; at
Crail, 137 Dillon's Regiment, gallantry at Mandorah, 31, 33; praise of,
33 Don, General, 242 Douro, Passage of, 92 Doyle, Lt., afterwards
Col., commands Gordons Invalid detachment, 92 Doyle, General Sir
John, his kindliness, 43, 44, 61 ; his great popularity, 43 ; Brigade
under, 43, 48, 53, 58, 61, 63 Downie, General, 118 Dunbar, Major
(Gordons), 119 Education in Scotland, 2 Egmont op Zee, Battle of, I
Egypt, landing in, 25-7 ; British regiments in, 28 ; generals in, 28
Enniskillens in the Union Brigade at Waterloo, 141 -148 Erskine, Col.,
12 ; death of, 33 ; skeleton dug up in 1894, 33 Evans, General Sir de
Lacy, orders the charge of the Greys at Waterloo, 142 Ewart,
Charles, Sergt. in the Greys, his gallantry at Waterloo, 137, 143 ;
captures an eagle, 144 ; receives a commission, 137 Ferrier, Capt.,
from Belsyde, LinliLhgow, at Waterloo, 140 Fiftieth Regt. at Aray de'
Molinos, 118, 119 Fifty-fourth Regt. in Egypt, 22 Fifty-second
Regiment at Waterloo, 199 Finch, General, 44 Findlay, William,
physician to the forces, 38,41 Fortieth Regiment at Waterloo, 161
Fourteenth Dragoons at Passage of the Douro, 93 Forty-eighth Regt.
, ser^aces of at Talavera, 100 Foxe, General, 11 Fraser, Sergt. -Major
Ralph (Coldstreams), his gallant act at Hougoumont, 129
Freemasons (French) help the British prisoners, 215 French (the)
treat the British best of al^ their prisoners, 210, 214, 234 Gardner,
Edge. Major Alex. (Gordons), lOI German Legion at Talavera, 102
Germans, Gallantry of at La Haye Sainte, 140 Gneisenans, General,
his distrust of Wellington, 198 ; the real Commander of the Prussian
army, 198 Gooch, Ensign, afterwards Colonel, (Coldstreams), at
Hougoumont, 129 Goldsmith, Sergt.-Major, 23rd Dragoons, 225
Gordon Highlanders at Corunna, i ; Aray del Molinos, 118, 119;
history of, ij raising of, 8 ; Munro's test of, 8 ' largely Gaelic speaking,
8 ; dress of, 9 '> in Ireland, 10 ; Egypt, 26 ; gallantry at Mandorah,
31 ; loss at Mandorah, 32; in retreat to Corunna, 71 ; on the right
wing at battle of Corunna, 89 ; Invalid detachment of at the Passage
of the Douro, 93 ; at Waterloo, 140 ; loss of at Quatre Bras, 140,
157 ; their charge at Waterloo, 142 Gordon, Col. Alex., (Gordons), loi
Gordon, Major, (of the Gordons), 68 Gordon, Sergt. John (Gordons),
loi Gordon, Col. Alex., (Gordons), loi Graham Brothers, of the
Coldstreams, at Hougoumont, 128, 132 Graham, Sergt. Major John,
of the Coldstreams, at Hougoumont, 128, 129, 130. I3i> 132 Grant,
Lt. Brodie, 18 Greenhill-Gardyne, Col , his history of the Gordons, 90
; on Nicol's diary, i Greys, their terrible charge at Waterloo, 160
Gronow, Captain, his • Reminisences,' 174 Grouchy, Marshal, at
Waterloo, 189 Hake, Colonel, Hanoverian Cavalry, cashiered, 195
Hall, Colonel 9th Regt., 228 Hamilton, Lieutenant of the Greys, 147
 INDEX 247 Hamilton, Inglis, of Murdestone, Lanarkshire,
Colonel of the Greys at Waterloo, 143, 144 ; loses both his arms,
145 ; death of, 145. Hanover Cavalry, Colonel of cashiered, 195
Hanover Cavalry, defeat and flight of at Waterloo, 175 Hankin, Major
of the Greys, 142 Hervey, Ensign, (Coldstreams) at Hougoumont,
129 Hanoverians, at Hougoumont, 128 Higgins, Dr, 106 Highland
Brigade at Quatre Bras, 124 Highland Regiments in Spain, 42nd,
79th and 91st, 90 Highland Regiments, i ; high character of men in,
2 ; their good education, 2 ; splendid doings of in the Peninsular and
Waterloo Campaign, 4, 5 ; their devotion, 5 Highland regiments at
Waterloo, 141, 151 ; save the British left centre, 141 ; at Quatre
Bras, 154, 155; for a long time resist attack of whole French Army at
Quatre Bras ; their great popularity in Belgium, 151, 152
Highlanders, the, and Royal Scots, their heavy loss at Quatre Bras,
140 Highland Regiments, Black Watch at Waterloo, 140 Highland
Counties, depopulation of, 5 Hill, General, 117 Hill, General Lord, at
Talavera, 99 ; great humanity of; his popularity, 157 Hodgin, Trooper
of the 2nd Life Guards, 174 Hompesch Cavalry, desert to the enemy,
40 Hope, General Sir John, 65, 66, 76, 80,82 Horton, Major General,
242 Hugo, Victor, on Hougoumont, 123, 128, 133 Hussey, Captain,
from Sligo, in the French service, 212 Hutchinson, Lord, 40, 42, 49,
57, 60, 61, 65 Irish Brigade in the French service, 212 Jardine Aine,
Napoleon's Equerry at Waterloo, I Johnston, Private Donald
(Gordons), 106 Keith, Lord, 21, 22, 65 Kelly, Captain, ist Life Guards,
174 Kembraunie, General, leads the Old Guard, 185 ; his reply when
summoned to surrender, 185 Kempt, Sir Js., at Waterloo, 152
Kinchant, Cornet of the Greys at Waterloo, 143 Kleber, General,
murder of, 57 La Coste, Guide to Napoleon at Waterloo, 5, 145 La
Haye Sainte, retaken by the British, 175 Lamont, Colonel, of
Gordons, 82 Langworth, General, 103 Lawson, General, 60 Le Brune,
General, captured at Aray del Molinos, 118, 119 Legros, Lieutenant,
his gallantry at Hougoumont, 126; nicknamed 'The Smasher' 126;
death of, 133 Livingstone, Captain, a tyrant, 1 1 Low, E. B., his New
Legend of Waterloo, 5 ; his Evolution of the Thin Red Line, 6 Lygon,
Lt. Col., the Hon. E. P., commands the 2nd Life Guards, 172
MacBarnet, Lt. Donald, 67 MacBean, Sergt., of the Gordons, 3; at
Alcobace, 67, 105, 106, 108, 109 Macintosh, Sergt. of the Gordons,
67 MacDonald, Capt. (Gordons), 119 MacDonell, Lt. Col., afterwards
General Sir James, at Hougoumont, closes the gates, 123, 124, 128,
129; 'The Bravest Soldier at Waterloo,' 124 ; Wellington's opinion of,
123 ; his descent from the Lords of the Isles, 132 MacDonald, Lt.
Ranald, 67 MacGee, John, Trooper of the Greys, 139 MacGregor,
Sergt.-Majorat Hougoumont, 129, 132 MacKenzie, General, at
Talavera, 97; death of, 103 MacKenzie, Mr , visits France to arrange
for an exchange of prisoners, 215 MacKerris, Lt. Col., killed, 24
MacKinnon, Capt. Alex., writer of Gaelic poems, 38 ; his description
of the battle of Egmont op Zee and Alexandria, 38 MacLean, Capt.
John, 53 MacPherson, Capt. of 35th Regt., lOi MacPherson, Capt.
(Gordons), 119 MacPherson, Lt., 37 MacPherson, Sgt. Major,
(Gordons), 240 Mamelukes, the, 46, 59
 248 INDEX Mandorah, battle of, 29 ; Gallantry of Ninetieth
Regiment at, 30 Menou, General, 36, 54, 65 Mercer, General
(British), describes the injury done to his troops by the Prussians,
200 ; opens fire on the Prussians, 200 Maltese Regiment, officers of,
their generosity to British prisoners, 218 Muffling, General von, at
Hougoumont, 125; at Waterloo, 175; his history of campaign, 175 ;
admits that the battle could not have been won by the French even
if the Prussians had never come up, 200 Murray, Alexander,
(Gordons), 226 Murray, trivate John (Gordons), his kindness to the
wounded, 106 Mitchell, Forbes, his account of the Indian Mutiny, 2
Moore, General Sir John, 24, 84, 89 ; at Alexandria, 36, 56 ; at
Corunna, 72, 75 ; death of, 82 Much, Private Adam (Gordons), loi,
102 Nail, George, (Rifles) killed, 226 Napier, Major, afterwards Lt.
Col. of Gordons, 23, 63 ; death of, 82 Napoleon's opinion that the
success of the Old Guards would have given him the victory at
Waterloo, 200 ; leads the Old Guard at Waterloo, 189 ; at Waterloo,
181 ; his treatment of his Equerry, 181 ; his movements on June 12,
13, 14, 16, 181 ; completely defeats the Prussians, 182 ; movements
on June 17, 18, 183 ; Generals in attendance on, 183, 190 ; leaves
the field of Waterloo, 185 ; diary of his aide de camp at, 1 89 ; his
Old Guard, 175 ; its advance, 190 . summoned to surrender, 184; his
remark on the Greys at Waterloo, 145 ; is outclassed by British
Generals, 5 ; his conventional methods, 5 Ney, INIarshal, heroic
qualities of, 5 ; at Quatre Bras, 155 ; leads the second great attack
on the allies at Waterloo, 176 ; his desperate gallantry, 176 Nicol,
Sergt. Daniel, diary of i ; character of, 2 ; made Corporal, 12 ; in
Spain, 89 Nicol, John, Banff, killed, ^3 Ninetieth Regiment at
Georgetown, 12; at Mandorah, its gallant stand, 28, 30 ; loss of at
Mandorah, 31 ; praise of, 33 Nisbet, W., of the Proserpine Frigate,
225 Oakes, General, 56 Officers, British, tyranny of some, 4, 43 ; in
Egypt, 28 Old Guard, defeat of results in surrender of two-thirds of
the French army, 199 Pack, Sir Denis, at Waterloo, 142 Phillips, Sir
Thomas, collector of MS., i Picton, Sir Thos., his ' Fighting Division' at
Waterloo, 140 Ponsonby, Sir Wm., commands the Union Brigade at
Waterloo, 138, 141 ; death of, 146 Prisoner, a, in France, 205
Prisoners, British, their terrible condition 219 Prussians fail in their
agreement to attack the French in the morning of the i8th,200
Regiments, British, in Egypt, list of, 28 Reid, Charles, 3rd Guards,
226 Reignolds, Bgde. Major, of the Greys, 146 Reilly, Capt., of the
Irish Brigade in the French Service, 219 Richmond, Duchess of, at
Brussels, 153 Robertson, Sergt. D., account of, l, 2; account of
Retreat to Corunna, 71 ; Storming of Aray del Molinos, 118, 119;
character ot, 3"; at Waterloo, 151 ; retires from the army, 166 Ross,
Major, 38th Regt., loi Royal Dragoons, in the Union Brigade at
Waterloo, 141-148 Royal Scots, in Egypt, 22 ; in Picton's Division at
Waterloo, 140 Sand blindness among the British troops in Egypt, 27,
29, 33 Sangster, James, of (Gordons), 225 Scott, Capt., of the
Diadem, 13, 15 ; and his Admiral, 16 ' Scotland for Ever ' Charge at
Waterloo, 142 ' Scotland for Ever ' Charge of Greys and Gordons,
142, 160 Scots Guards, 116; at Hougoumont, 124 Scots Greys at
Waterloo, 137, 148 Seventy-first Highlanders at Aray del Molinos,
1x8, 119 Seventy-third Regiment at Ouatre Bras, 156 Shaw, John,
Corporal in the Lifeguards, 169; his birth and parentage, his
pugilistic feats, 169 ; his pugilistic encounters 170; wins the
championship, 170; his fight at Waterloo, 170; kills nine men.
 INDEX 249 173 ; death of, 174 ; memorial to at his native
place, 178 ; William Shaw^ father of Corporal Shaw, 169 ; Shewan,
Private John, (Gordons), lOi Seymour, Capt., on the Prussian
blunders at Waterloo, 199 Sherbrooke, General, 92, 97 Sixty-sixth
Regt., at Talavera, 1 00 Sinclair, Sergt. of 42nd takes a Standard at
Alexandria, 38 ; gets a commission, 38 Sixteenth Light Dragoons
save a party of Greys at Waterloo, 147 Sixty-ninth Regiment at
Quatre Bras, 156 Smith, Sir Sydney, 18, 19, 22 Soldier of the
Napoleonic Wars, his miseries, 4 Soldiers, Terrible plight of, on
Retreat to Corunna, 73, 75, 78, 79 Somerset, Lord Edward,
commands the 2nd Cavalry Brigade at Waterloo, 171 leads the
Guards Brigade against the French cavalry, 172 Soult, Marshal, his
constancy and heroism, 5 ; at Oporto, 93, 94 ; at Quatre Bras, 155;
Chief of Staff at Waterloo, 183 Spanish at Talavera, 104 Spanish
peasantry, their kindness to the British wounded, 206, 207, 211
Spencer, Col., 44, 47; his harshness, 61 Stephenson, (R.N.) Capt. in
Egypt, 44 Stewart, General, 37 ; at Talavera, 98, loi ' Strong Ale Rab
' of the Gordons, 60 Sturges, Lieutenant of the Royals, afterwards of
the Greys, 146 Talavera, great battle at, 96 ; Battalion of
detachments at, 92 ; fine services of Twenty-ninth Regt. at, 98 ;
bravery of Detachments at, 104; killedand wounded at, 103 Tar,
Sam, Corporal of the Greys, 146 Taylor, Dr, 66th Regiment, 108
Taylor, Sergt.-Major, of the Gordons, 161 Thin Red Line, 6 Thirtieth
Regiment at Quatre Bras, 156 Trotter, Lt. of Morton Hall, with the
Greys at Waterloo 143 Turks in Egypt, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 44 ; their
Grand Bashaw, 44, 45, 48, 49 ; Grand Vizier arrives, 55, 56, 57
Twenty-ninth Regiment, at Talavera, 98 Twenty-seventh Regiment, at
Waterloo, 161 Union Brigade at Waterloo, 138-148 their famous
charge, 149 ; what they did at Waterloo, 147, 148 ; at Bakclava, 148
Uxbridge, Lord, at Hougoumont, 123 5 leads the Cavalry Brigade at
Waterloo, 173 Victor, Marshal, 94, 106 Waterloo, Sir James Kempt at,
152 ; Sir Thomas Picton at, 152 ; Gordons at» 151; Sir Denis Pack
at, 152; attempt to minimise the success of the British at, 195 ;
terrible scene after the battle, 164 ; Medals, dissatisfaction at
proposal to give superior medals to the officers, 166 ; Battle of, i ;
Wellington, at Waterloo, 6; outgenerals Napoleon, 6 ; on Napoleon's
methods, 6 ; lands at Mondego Bay, 90 ; marches on Oporto, 92 ; at
the Passage of the Douro, 92 ; created a peer, 94 ; at Talavera, 96;
chooses Col. Macdonell to defend Hougoumont, 124; commander-in-
chief of Allies, 171 ; his prophecy that the French would be beaten,
171; at Brussels, 153; at Quatre Bras, 155, 156, 157; at Waterloo,
gives the signal for the general advance, 160 ; thanks the Gordons
after Waterloo, 165 Wheatley, Thomas, of the Life Guards, 178
Wilson, Sir Robt., commands Portugese division at Talavera, 97
Wilson, Sir Robert, commands the Hompesch Cavalry, 40 Woodford,
Col, Alex., 130, 131 ; at Hougoumont, 133 Wyndham, Capt. Harry of
the Cold" streams, afterwards General Sir H. M.P., at Hougoumont,
129, 130 Wyndham, Lieutenant, afterwards Colonel of the Greys,
147 Zeithbn, von, his blunder at Waterloo, 199 ; force at Waterloo,
200 MERCAT TRESS, EDINBURGH
 Shadows of Old Paris By G. Duval. Illustrated by Line,
Wash, and Colour Drawings by J. Gavin. Foolscap 4to. 12s.6d.net. By
post, 12s. 11 d. The author and illustrator have imprisoned in these
charming pages many of the most picturesque corners of Paris, now
disappearing daily under tiie pick of the housebreaker, and have
evoked the shades of the men and women who once frequented
them, and whose memories — some fragrant, some terrible — haunt
them still. The book is gossipy, pleasant, intimate, an ideal
companion on a wander ttirough the Isle de la Cite, along the quais,
through the Marais, up to the heights of Montmartre, or on an
afternoon's lounge in the Place des Voges. The volume will appeal to
all lovers of Paris, and will bring yet more devotees to the most
fascinating City of Europe ' It is so seldom that books of this kind are
quite satisfactory that the present volume must be pronounced an
exception. Both letterpress, by G. Duval, and illustrations by J.
Gavin, are admirable, a pleasure to look at and to peruse. From the
stone of the city, now sheltering, for the most part, but ghosts of a
bygone time, they have constructed the story of the ancient glories.
And as is but fitting they begin with the Palais Royal once in the
centre of Parisian life' and strife from the time of Richelieu to the
days of the Revolution. Mr Duval has managed in every instance to
tell his story with point and vivacity, and to leave but little untouched
in the course of his essays . . . The illustrations are extremely
delightful, both the full-page ones and also the little wood-cuts
which are dispersed about the text. We heartily recommend the
book to all who like to cast their thoughts back to the shadows and
ghosts of what is to-day known as the City of night.' — Daily
Telegraph. Impressions of Provence By Percy Allen, author of 'Songs
of Old France.' Fully Illustrated by Leopold Lelee and Marjorie Nash.
Foolscap 4to. I2S. 6d.net. By post, 12s. iid. Mr Allen brings to his
description of the most romantic district in France — a district not
very familiar, as yet, to the majority of tourists ; though thousands
pass through it annually on their way to the Riviera — a close
observation, and all the sympathy necessary for the full appreciation
of the charms of a land of sun and song. He deals fully, not only with
the ancient cities and the Grffico-Roman monuments of old
Provence, but also with the less frequented, though not less
attractive, corners of the country, and gives the reader vivid
impressions of life in the Camargue — the salt-encrusted waste of
the Rhone delta- — where the black bulls and the white horses
roam, and where, around the semi-African village of Les Saintes
Maries de la Mer, the rosy flamingoes stand, like sentinels, beside
the etang. '"Impressions of Provence" is the outcome of a sentimetal
pilgrimage to the most romantic district of France. Mr Percy Allen
writes with an enthusiasm which is according to knowledge. He
recalls the old legends of Provence, describes the splendid
memorials of a vanished phase of Roman civilization, repeoples, so
to speak, the stately castles and chateaux, and conjures up the
manners of the age of chivalry . . . interesting are the vivid glimpses
which the book affords of the people of to-day, with their stately
manners, their picturesque social life, their quiet aloofness from the
bustle and distraction of the modern world. The book is pleasantly
written and admirably illustrated. — Standard. ' Mr Percy Allen is an
impressionist in words, and whrn he leaves time-worn legends to
deal with romantic scenes, peopled or unpeopled, his piciures have a
staying power. Those of us who know France as we know our
pockets — to quote a French phrase — delightedly linger over his
descriptions. . . . This delightful book has a good index, a sketch
map and numerous suggestive silhouettes in black and white.' —
Daily Chronicle. (Miss Betham-Edwards.) London : Francis Griffiths,
34 Maiden Lane, Strand, W.C. 1
 Songs of Old France By Percy Allen. Crown 8vo, cloth, gilt
top, price 6s. net. By post, 6s. 4d. There is no better way of
indicating to English readers the peculiar charm of this talented
volume of metrical versions of more or less famous French songs
than by saying that it puts in book form what the celebrated diseuse,
Madame Yvette Guilbert, produces upon the platform. . . . The book
has drawn its material fiom four centuries. Classic authors, like
Charles of Orleans, Ronsard, Mcliere, and Beranger, are represented,
and there is a deal of Villon ; while the title of the book is less than
true to its contents, since the France of the nineteenth century is
represented by versions from writers like M. Aristide Bruant, the poet
of the streets, and Lorrien, the author of The Morphia Taker. But
whether it is old France or new France that is represented, the
representation is always made by some capital old song. Mr Allen
has been noticeably successful in making these verses of
philosophical and serious frivolity dance gracefully to the alien music
of English. — Scotsman. The United States of Brazil By Charles
Domville-Fife. Profusely illustrated. Demy 8vo. I2S. 6d. net. By post,
12s. iid. The author's extended tour through this vast republic
included visits to all the principal towns and States, and a voyage up
the Amazon into the heart of the country This book will be found a
very interesting and readable consideration of the Brazil of to-day, its
history, its cities, its people, and more especially its industries,
commercial position, and outlook. The chapters on these latter
subjects alone should make the work well worthy the attention of
those who may be considering commercial possibilities or
advantages offered them by the rapidly developing American States.
The author has divided his subject. At the outset he deals with "Old
Brazil" in which he tells the story of country from the days of
Elizabeth to the founding of the Empire, while in the second part he
continues the narrative to our own time. Thereafter in successive
chapters he discusses the politics of the country, shows what part
Englishmen, and English capital play in the Republic, and deals in
turn with the possibilities of the various States which form the Union.
It is a painstaking inquiry into Brazilian history and commerce. The
author represents his facts in a thoroughly readable fashion, and
even when he is statistical he is not without interest. Many
characteristic views and a good map enhance the" value] of thej
work. — Dundee Advertiser. The Amazons in Antiquity & Modern
Times By G. Cadogan Rothery. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. los. 6d. net. By
post, los. 10. Never, perhaps, has the alchemy of Greek genius been
more potent than in the matter of the Amazonian myth. It has
bestowed a charm on the whole amazing story which has been most
prolific in its results ; but, unfortunately, by tending to confine it to
the narrow vistas of poetry, the intensely interesting psychological
aspect has been somewhat obscured. Yet to us the chief value of
this myth is due rather to the insight it affords into mental workings
of primitive races, the attitude of man towards that which he dreads
but does not fully comprehend, than to the influence of Hellenic art
and literature, fruitful in beautiful and humanising manifestation
though that influence has been. — Extracts from Introductory
Chapter. Until presented with such a book as this by Mr Guy
Cadogan Rothery, readers may well be inclined to regard the
traditions concerning the Amazons as practically mythical ; but
though there is a great accretion of myth about the subject,
evidence of the real existence of fighting women is to be gathered
from all over the world. . . . Mr Rothery contends that the Grecian
belief in a State inhabited and governed entirely by women, who
endured the society of men only for a short time each year, and
mutilated themselves in the belief that such a course would give
them greater powers in fighting was purely a tradition, for which
little support could be found. — Daily Telegraph. London : Francis
Griffiths, 34 Maiden Lane, Strand, W.C. 2
 Through Tropic Seas By Frank Burnett. With an introduction
by Bram Thompson, M.A. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. 7s. 6d. net. By
post, 7s. 10. Being an account of a yachting cruise in the Islands of
the South Pacific — The Hawaiian Islands and Honolulu, the Gilbert
Islands, Fiji, etc. The present book is the second of an interesting
tour among the various islands interspersed here and there in the
Tropic Seas, including the Hawaiian and Fiji Islands, and its author,
Mr Frank Burnett, has very happily brought into the book all the
fascination and romance which attaches to those islands. Mr Burnett
brings to the task much more than the ordinary tourist's knowledge
and observation, for his book is the result of a serious study of the
strange peoples who inhabit the places he visits. Also, apart from the
views he advances, the book is a most complete and wonderfully
interesting account of their lives and habits, and makes excellent
reading.' — Catholic Herald. ' The book is by no means a mere diary
of the journeying. Mr Burnett has himself come under the fascinating
spell that seems to centre round these strange Pacific Isles, and he
has here produced what is almost an analysis of that glamour. His
matter is never vague, and is never intentionally glossed with a
covering of romance, and yet it never fails to suggest the natural
and human mystery that hangs over these islands. Perhaps the most
astounding characteristic of the author's mind as revealed by this
production is its versatility. He is now the shrewd critic of the
commercial methods which he has seen employed in these places ;
he is now entertaining us with an interesting philosophic or
humourous digression suggested by the native life ; while again he
is describing the marvels of the bird and animal life with the
knowledge of a skilled zoologist. As an amateur ethnologist, too, Mr
Burnett, in a quiet modest way, throws out some interesting
suggestions anent the theories as to the origin of some of these
Pacific races. However, it is as a descriptive commentary on the
native life and customs, and on the effect on that life of civilisation,
that the book is most interesting.' — Aberdeen Daily /onrnal. Modern
Argentina The El Dorado of To-day. With Notes on Uruguay and
Chile. By W. H. KoEBEL. With 123 Illustrations. Demy 8vo, cloth, gilt
top. i2S. 6d. net. By post, 12s. iid. The book deals exhaustively with
this great republic of South America, which at the present moment is
occupying so large a share of European attention. The book is
concerned not only with the situation — political and .commercial —
of this astonishing country, but with the intimate life of its
inhabitants as well. The study of the blending of old and new, of the
ethics of the Gaucho knife and of the temperament of these
picturesque riders of the plains with the up-to-date spirit of
enterprise that has come to flood the land, is a fascinating one. ' The
book is thoroughly up-to-date, is very readable and contains much
interesting information. ... It is the pleasantly written work of a man
with observant eye and ready ear who has made the most of his
time spent in the country and has succeeded in giving a vivid and
intelligent account of what he has seen and heard.' — Times. ' What
our author has to say about the country is very satisfactory. . . ,
There is much that is interesting to read about rural matters and
about other States in South America, as Uruguay and Chile.' —
Spectator. Mr Koebel's book would have the peculiar interest
attaching to descriptions of unknown lands, even were it less well
done than it is. But it is a lively and vivid description . . . full of first-
hand observation, and illustrated at every step by good snapshot
photographs, the book cannot but prove both interesting and
instructive to readers curious concerning the life of the South
American republics.' — Scotsman. London : Francis Griffiths, 34
Maiden Lane, Strand, W.C. 3
 The Wessex of Romance A New and Revised Edition of a
Work of Value and Interest to all Lovers of Country Life and
Literature. By Wilkinson Sherren. Containing several new
Illustrations. Price 6s. net. By post, 6s. 4d. Lovers of Hardy's novels
will find a new interest in those fascinating works after traversing the
country with Mr Sherren and learning from him the real names of
those many places which figure in Hardy's fiction under disguises
that elude the reader who is not well acquainted with these
particular counties. There is a most interesting chapter also on the
Customs, Superstitions, and Folklore, of the people of Wessex, and a
very complete glossary of the Dorset dialect, both of which are of
special interest in connection with Hardy's works. — Literary World. '
Another stimulant to imagination.' — George Meredith. ' I think it a
very good book.' — J. M. Barrie. ' A picture of the life of the people
of the South and South-West England, which is quite worthy to
stand by itself and to be read for its own intrinsic interest.' — The
Outlook. ' Apart from Mr Hardy there is not a work of fiction that can
give one quite the atmosphere of Wessex peasant life that Mr
Wilkinson Sherren manages to convey into his pages of fact.' — St.
Jarnes" s Gazette. ' All that anyone can care or need to know about
the originals of the scenes and personages of Mr Hardy's novels he
will find here.' — Truth. Madeira, Old and New By W. H. KoEBEL.
With 130 Illustrations, Demy 8vo, cloth, gilt top. Price los. 6d. By
post, los. 11. Madeira is now so much frequented by those who are
in search of pleasure or of health, that its past history, not less than
its present attractions, ought to interest many who seek its mild
climate and pleasant relaxation. Mr Koebel, who knows the Island
well, and has studied both its permanent and fleeting population,
has endeavoured in his book to satisfy the curiosity of those who
want to know something about the past and the present of their
temporary home. In a light and airy vein he tells of certain episodes
that happened long years ago. The author has drawn much of his
information from an old Portuguese historian of the sixteenth
century, one Gasper f ructuoso, who seems to have described the
old-time life of Madeira in a particular racy manner, happily blending
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