SUCCESS IN SOCIAL STUDIES (2015 – 2023 EXT) DON’T SHARE / POST IN SOCIAL MEDIA

SUCCESS IN SOCIAL STUDIES

VOLUME ONE – 3RD EDITION – OCTOBER - 2023
Instant Revision from E.C.Z Question Papers
GRADE 8 – 9 2015 – 2023 EXT

THIS SOCIAL STUDIES BOOKLET WILL HELP YOU TO:

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PRIMARY: GRADE 5 – GRADE 7 JUNIOR SECONDARY: GRADE 8 – GRADE 9

1. ENGLISH (2015 – 2022) 1. ENGLISH P2 (2015 – 2022)
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3. INTEGRATED SCIENCE (2015 – 2022) 3. MATHS P2 (2015 – 2022)
4. SOCIAL STUDIES (2015 – 2022) 4. INTEGRATED SCIENCE (2015 – 2022)
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EXAMINATION COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

JUNIOR SECONDARY LEAVING EXAMINATION (GRADE 9) – 2015
Social Studies 207/1
Paper 1
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CANDAIDATES

Study the map extract of Kalulushi and answer questions 1 to 6.

1 What is the six-figure grid reference of the Secondary Trigonometrical Station ZS 127?
A 1718 807
B 177 801
C 801 177
D 807 7171

2 What man-made feature is found north of Boat Club in Grid Square 2484?
A Aerodrome
B Dam
C Mine Plant
D Shrines deposit

3 What is the direction of Chibuluma Grid Square 2278 from chief Nkana's village Grid Square
1776?
A North East
B North West
C South East
D South West

4 The distance of Kabombo River from its source in Grid Square 2474 to the edge of the map in
the east is ...
A 1.9km
B 2.9km
C 3.9km
D 4.9km

5 The dominant type of vegetation found in Grid Square 2173 is

A forest.
B grass.
C light forest
D open bush.

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6 According to map evidence, what is the general land use east of Grid line 23 and south of Grid
line 74?
A Fishing
B Industry
C Mining
D Transportation

SECTION B
Study the map of Zambia below and answer questions 7 to 9.

7 What is the name of the river marked A?

A Chambeshi
B Kafue
C Luangwa
D Luapula

8 Which pair of lakes shown on the map is rich in small serdine (kapenta) fish?
A Bangweulu and Mweru
B Bangweulu and Kariba
C Kariba and Tanganyika
D Mweru and Tanganyika

9 Which of the following minerals shown on the map is mined west of Lake Kariba?
A Coal
B Copper
C Nikel
D Zinc

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Study the diagram below and answer question 10.

10 What element of weather is measured by the instrument in the diagram?

A Cloud cover
B Humidity
C Rainfall
D Wind direction

11 Study the table below and answer questions 11 to 13

CROP % of total land use on the field in Zambia
Groundnuts 60
Sorghum 19
Millet/maize 14
Cotton 2
Fallow 5

The main farming system associated with the land use in the table is.
A extensive cattle rearing.
B intensive rice cultivation.
C shifting cultivation.
D settled cultivation.

12 Which of the following crops in the table is classified as a 'cereal?

A Cotton
B Groundnuts
C Maize
D Sunflower

13 The main reason why 5% of land is left to fallow is to allow...

A for crop rotation.
B land to provide pasture.
C moisture to accumulate
D vegetation to regrow

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14 Study the pie chart below and answer questions 14 and 15.

Which of the following sectors is represented by X?

A Domestic use
B Food processing
C Mining
D Motor assembly

15 What is the major source of electricity consumed by sector X?

A Coal
B Petroleum
C Solar
D Water

16 Study the table below and answer questions 16 to 20.

PROVINCE AREA TN SQUARE KM POPULATION
Copperbelt 31,328 1,972,317
Central 94,394 1,307,111
Eastern 52,107 1,707,731
Luapula 50,567 991,927
Lusaka 21,896 2,191,225
Northern 77,650 1,105,824
North Western 125,826 727,044
Southern 85,283 1,589,926
Western 126,386 902,974

Which province has the largest population?

A Copperbelt
B Lusaka
C Northern
D Southern

17 What is the population density of Luapula Province

A 5.8 persons per square kilometre.
B 11.9 persons per square kilometre.
C 20.0 persons per square kilometre.
D 62.5 persons per square kilometre.

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18 Which of the following has contributed to Zambia's fast population growth?

A Improved health
B High influx of refugees
C High life expectancy
D Stable political environment

19 What problem is likely to affect Lusaka due to its population explosion?

A Hunger
B Disease
C Shortage of housing
D Shortage of grave site

20 Which of the following is a 'push' factor in the migration process?

A Civil war
B Educational services
C Fertile soils.
D Religious conflict

21 Narrating or recording events that happened in the past is called..

A ancient remains.
B anthropolog9.
C histony
D pre-history

22 Which of the following periods of time are arranged in chronological order?

A 2500 BC, 300 BC, AD 200, AD 1640
B 2500 BC, AD 1640, 300 BC, AD 200
C AD 200, 300 BC, AD 1640, 2500 BC
D AD 1640, AD 200, 300 BC, 2500 BC

23 The period of ten years is referred to as ..

A century.
B decade
C millennium.
D year.

24 Both plant and animal life began in the .

A forest.
B mountains.
C rocks.
D sea.

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25 To which family of creatures did the Dinosaurs belong?

A Amphibians
B Apes
C Mammals
D Reptiles

26 At which archaeological site in East Africa did Doctor Louis Leakey did most of his work?
A Fort Terman
B Olduvai Gorge
C Rusinga Island
D Taung

27 Which of the following tools was associated with the early stone-age period?
A Bow and arrow
B Cleaver
C Hoes
D Microliths

28 Barter system of trade was common among the.

A Early stone age people.
B Iron age people.
C Late stone age people.
D Middle stone age people.

29 Among the Tonga, who ensured that crops grew well and the community was well looked after?
A Bulongo
B Sikatongo
C Ulanyika
D Virolocal

30 What name was given to societies with well arranged political positions such as Indunas, Village
headmen, sub-chiefs and chiefs?
A Centralised societies
B Decentralised societies
C Organised societies
D Stratified societies

31 Name the two Bemba leaders that led the kingdom to its greatest extent?
A Chepela and Chitapankwa
B Chiti and Katongo
C Muluba and Nkole
D Mwamba and Chipoya

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32 Which clan in Undi's kingdom was responsible for religious rituals?

A Banda clan
B Ndhlovu clan
C Phiri clan
D Zimba clan

33 Which of the following correctly lists the items of trade from the new world to Europe during the
Atlantic slave Trade?
A Cloth, cotton, guns
B Liquor, guns, cloth
C Sugar, cotton, tobacco
D Sugar, liquor, slaves

34 Why did the European powers hold the Berlin conference in 1884- 85?
A In order to get raw materials in Africa
B To avoid conflicts among themselves during the scramble for Africa
C To find better ways of trading with African chiefs
D To make the major rivers of Africa navigable.

35 Which two explorers met at Ujiji in 1871?

A Doctor De Lacerda and David Livingstone
B Francis Coillard and Father Duport
C Henry Morton Stanley and David Livingstone
D Robert Moffat and David Livingstone

36 A document released to the BSA Company in 1890 that explained its powers was called..
A federal constitution.
B pacified memorandum.
C pioneer column.
D royal charter.

37 All independent churches in Central Africa between 1890 and 1915 preaches against..
A colonial injustices.
B loss of land.
C taxation.
D white missionaries

38 Zambia was a member of the Central African Federation together with …

A Democratic Republic of Congo and Tanzania.
B Malawi and Zimbabwe.
C Tanzania and Zimbabwe.
D Zimbabwe and South Africa.

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39 What talks led to the independence of Zimbabwe?

A Benson talks
B Lancaster House talks
C Phelps Stokes talks
D White Head talks

40 Choose the correct Independence Day that corresponds with each of the three countries below.
Malawi Zambia Zimbabwe
A 6th July, 1964 24th October, 1964 18th April, 1980

B 24th July, 19641 7th December, 1953 24th October, 1971

C 7th January, 1963 24th October, 1962 12th October, 1980

D 4th March, 1964 28th October, 1964 18th April, 1980

41 Civics is the study of our political, cultural and economic environment and teaches us a wide
range of issues. Which of the following is a political and legal issue?
A Creation and distribution of wealth
B Electoral systems to elect leaders
C Factors of production and trade
D How people live and interact

42 In 1961 the struggle for independence in Northern Rhodesia reached its peak and a lot of people
participated in various activities such as chachacha. In which part of the country did the
chachacha campaign take place?
A Muchinga and Southern Provinces
B Northern and Luapula Provinces
C Northern and Copperbelt Provinces
D Western and Northern

43 Which feature on the Zambian coat of arms represent Zambia's fertile land?
A Hoe
B Maize cob
C Mine shaft
D Pick

44 Which of the following isa characteristic of democratic governance?

A Elections are not free and fair
B Opposition parties cannot be formed
C People are made to vote for one party during elections
D Respect for rule of law and human rights

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45 What is the difference between rigid constitution and flexible constitution?

A Flexible constitution is democratic while rigid constitution is not democratic
B Flexible constitution is always written while rigid constitution is not
C Rigid constitution is always found in monarchies while flexible constitution is found in
every type of governance
D Rigid constitution cannot be amended by members of parliament while flexible
constitution can

46 Which of the following social institutions encourage the practice of some gender roles as sex
roles?
A Church
B Factory
C Hospital
D Parliament

47 A good citizen is one that is proud of his nation and will show his pride in many ways like
wearing national colours during national sports events. Which one of the following is not a
quality of a good citizen?
A Honesty and integrity
B Loyalty to their country
C No respect for human rights
D Sense of patriotism

48 Which of the following shows the correct order of the structure of most political parties in
Zambia starting from the lowest committee to the highest committee?
A Constituency, District, National, Provincial
B Constituency, District, Provincial, National
C District, Constituency, Provincial, National
D National, Provincial, District, Constituency

49 A paper given to electorates at the polling station which shows names and symbols of
candidates is called ... paper.
A ballot
B campaign
C electorate
D nomination

50 Which one of the following is not a function of legislature?

A Develop plans for national development
B Providing advice to the executive on various issues
C Reviewing and passing al new laws
D Tabling proposed laws in parliament

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51 In a local government election, the party that wins most wards controls a ...
A council.
B constituency.
C district.
D section.

52 The house of chiefs was re-established in 2003 under article 130 of the 1996 constitution. The
aim of this was to ...
A increase the powers of chiefs to administer customary issue
B prevent chiefs from participating in partisan politics.
C promote decentralisation of the local government system.
D uplift the status and status of chiefs in Zambia.

53 Paying tax is one of the duties of a citizen. What does the term tax mean?
A Money paid to the government by citizens so that it can carry out its Work.
B Money paid to the government by citizens to buy foreign exchange.
C Money paid by citizens to feed the nation.
D Money paid to government by citizens to support the national team.

54 Mr Fafadwa who works for Dream Land Enterprise gets a salary of K1 800.00.
He has debts amounting to K3 000.00. This type of budget is referred to as
A budget deficit
B budget equilibrium.
C budget overview.
D budget surplus.

55 Which element of international trade helps to protect goods against risks while in transit?
A Advertising
B Insurance
C Quotas
D Transport

56 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) contains civil and political rights as well as...
A civil social and cultural rights.
B economic, social and cultural rights.
C political, social and economic rights.
D political, social and civil rights.

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57 Conflicts can be described as disagreements among individuals, groups or nations. What term is
used to describe the process of settling conflicts through discussions?
A Equality
B Negotiation
C Resolution
D Peace

58 The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) was established to create big
economic environment within the region in order to attract and assure local and foreign
investors while Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) was established to.
A bring economic cooperation among member states.
B promote cooperation between Africa and the rest of the world.
C promote cooperation among member states.
D promote issues related to political cooperation

59 The Red Cross is an organisation that works to reduce human suffering. It operates in all parts of
the world. In Muslim countries, it is called…
A Jaycees.
B Oxfam.
C Red Crescent.
D Rotary International.

60 The United Nations power of veto is found in the Security Council. What does the term veto
mean?
A Decide which country must join the United Nations
B Prevent an action from being taken
C Select the secretary general of the United Nations
D Supervise the work of specialised agencies

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EXAMINATION COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

JUNIOR SECONDARY LEAVING EXAMINATION (GRADE 9) – 2015
Social Studies 207/2
Paper 2
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CANDAIDATES

SECTION A [30 MARKS]

Answer all questions in this section. Write all your answers in the Answer Booklet provided
1 Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow;
Commercial livestock rearing is largely practised along the line of railway although pockets of
rearing also take place country wide.
There are different types of animals and birds kept on the farms. The distribution of the activity
is influenced by many factors.
A Mention two types of commercial livestock farming practised in Zambia.
[2]
B Name two regions which are important for commercial livestock farming in Zambia.
[2]
C Name two breeds of cattle kept for milk production in Zambia.
[2]
D State two factors which favour poultry farming along the line of rail in Zambia.
[2]
E State two problems facing commercial livestock farming in Zambia.
[2]
[10 marks]
2 Study the map given and answer the questions that follow.

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A Name the Early Iron Age trading centre marked A.

B What was the main trading item found at area marked A?
C What mission station was established at the place marked B?
D Which missionary society was responsible for its establishment?
E The site marked C is famous for rock paintings. Name the site.
F What type of painting was found at site marked C?
G The kingdom marked D is one of the examples of a breakaway kingdom. Name the
kingdom it broke away from.
H What was its capital?
I Name the important rain making shrines at kingdom marked D.
J Which explorer was responsible for the colonisation of the state marked E?
[10 marks]
3 Study the picture of an eagle below found on some of our symbols of national identity and
answer the questions that follow

A What type of an eagle is shown above?

B Mention two symbols of the national identity on which the above picture is found.
C Write the words of line number three in the third verse of the
D National Anthem which refers to the eagle.
E State three ways by which citizens show respect towards symbols of national identity.
D Give two reasons why it is very important for an individual to belong to a nation.
F What does the eagle as a symbol of national identity represent?
[10 marks]

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SECTION B (SHORT ESSAYS) - (30 Marks)

There are three parts in this section. Answer one question from each part

PART ONE
1 (a) Explain the differences between indigenous and exotic vegetation in Zambia.
(b) State the uses of forests and woodlands in Zambia.
(c) What are the measures of conserving vegetation in Zambia?
[10 marks]
2 With reference to mining in Zambia,
(a) Name two towns where copper is mined on the Copperbelt.
(b) Describe the methods of mining used in North-Western Province.
(c) Explain the effects of mining industry on the environment in North-Western Province.
[10 marks]
3 (a) State different types of population migration which take place in Zambia.
(b) What are the effects of HIV and AIDS in Zambia?
[10 marks]
PART TWO
1 With reference to civilisation, write briefly on the following:
(a) origin
(b) why it took long to spread,
(c) early settlement in Zambia,
(d) the knowledge it brought.

2 Give an account of the Lunda kingdom of Mwata Kazembe under the following subheadings:
(a) origin,
(b) expansion,
(c) decline.
[10 marks]
3 Write the following on the federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland:
(a) Reasons for the Federation,
(b) Reasons against the Federation,
(c) Why the Federation broke up.
[10 marks]
PART THREE
1 (a) What are the qualifications for one to be the Republican President in Zambia?
(b) Explain the functions of the Republican President in Zambia.
[10 marks]
2 (a) Explain what a family budget is.
(b) Identify and explain parts of the national budget.
[10 marks]
3 (a) What are the qualities of money?
(b) Explain the law of supply and demand.
[10 marks]

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ANSWERS FOR SOCIAL STUDIES PAPER 1 – 2015

1. B 11. D 21. C 31. A 41. B 51. A
2. B 12. C 22. A 32. C 42. B 52. C
3. A 13. D 23. B 33. C 43. B 53. A
4. B 14. C 24. D 34. B 44. D 54. A
5. C 15. D 25. D 35. C 45. D 55. B
6. D 16. B 26. B 36. D 46. A 56. B
7. A 17. C 27. B 37. A 47. C 57. C
8. C 18. A 28. B 38. B 48. B 58. A
9. A 19. C 29. B 39. B 49. A 59. C
10. D 20. A 30. A 40. A 50. A 60. B
ANSWERS FOR SOCIAL STUDIES PAPER 2 – 2015
SECTION A
1. A - Poultry farming 2. A Ingombe Ilede
- Pigs rearing B Salt
- Sheep rearing C Cape Mclear
- Cattle rearing D Free Church of Scotland
- Dairy farming E Nachikufu
F Naturalistic
B - Along the line of railway G Kalonga
- Mkushi farm block H Mano
- Near the urban areas e.g. Lusaka, I Makewana
Kabwe, J Henry Morton Stanley
- Chipata, Kitwe, Ndola, Chisamba,
Chibombo and Mumbwe 3. A Fish Eagle
B The National Flag and the Coat of Arms
C - Friesians C "Like our noble eagle in ts flight."
- Swiss brown D - Singing the National Anthem on official
- Aryshires Occasions
- Guensey - Saluting the flag of Zambia
- Standing still when singing the National
D - High demand due to urban Anthem

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Population - Showing the Coat of Arms on the

- Good network of roads and a television
railway - screen before president speaks to the
- Electricity for lighting and nation.
broading
- Availability of drugs E - Citizens of a country enjoy certain rights or
- Availablity of stock feed benefits
- It is an income generating activity - Citizens share a feeling of belonging
- Availability of veterinary together
medicines and services - Citizens show love and pride in their
country
E - Pests and diseases F - The eagle symbolizes the freedom that we
- Shortage of pasture have in Zambia and our ability to solve our
- Stiff competition from imported own problems.
products
- High costs of production
- High fuel costs
- Cattle rustling

SECTION B
PART ONE
1. (a) Explain the differences between indigenous and exotic vegetation in Zambia.
 Indigenous forests consist of hardwood trees white exotic forest have softwood.
 Indigenous forest occur naturally white exotic forests are planted.
 Indigenous forest not in pure stands, exotic forests in pure stands.
 Indigenous forests takea longtime to mature while exotic forests take a shorter time.
 Indigenous forests contain trees which have bend (twisted) trunks, exotic forest have
straighter trunks.
 Indigenous forests contain tree species mukwa, mubanga, mukuni etc
 While exotic tree species contain Ginelina, Pine, Eucalyptus
Credit fully developed point 1 mark = 3 marks

(b) State the uses of forests and woodlands in Zambia.

 Provide scenic beauty
 Provide habitat for wildlife
 Provide construction materials for homes and public buildings e.g. schools, hospitals
 Source of timber for railway sleepers poles
 Firewood for cooking and heating
 Protection of catchment areas from soil erosion
 Tourist attraction
 Provides raw materials for buildings

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 Source of gross and fibres for making ropes, mats, baskets and building houses
Credit any relevant developed point at 1 mark = 3 marks

(c) What are the measures of conserving vegetation in Zambia?

 Control of fire outbreak
 Restricting species and types of trees to be cut
 Use of renewable sources of energy
 Afforestation and reafforestation programmes
 Educating communities on the importance of forests and woodlands
 Practicing agro-forestry
Credit any relevant fully developed point at 1 = 4 marks

2. With reference to mining in Zambia,

(a) Name two towns where copper is mined on the Copperbelt.
Copper- Mufulira, Luanshya, Chililabombwe, Chingola, Kitwe

(b) Describe the methods of mining used in North-Western Province.

 Removal of overburden by bulldozers
 Ore mined by excavators
 Ore transported by trucks to conveyor belts
 Or taken for milling
(c) Explain the effects of mining industry on the environment in North Western Province
 Displacement of people
 Destruction of vegetation due to clearance
 Loss of habitat for wildlife
 Causes air pollution, land pollution and water pollution, noise pollution
 Impact of blasting by using explosives causes cracks on buildings
 Land is disfigured due to hollow
 Loss of land for agriculture and settlement
 Compaction of the soil due to use of heavy machinery
Credit fully developed points at 1 mark = 4 marks

3. (a) State different types of population migration which take place in Zambia.
Rural to urban migration
 This involves movement of people from rural areas to urban areas in search of paid
employment and better social services
 Some people are forced to leave rural areas to towns due to drought and famines, family
conflicts and poverty.
Urban to rural migration
 This migration involves the movement of people from urban areas to rural areas.
 Some people are forced to leave urban areas due to loss of employment retirements,
retrenchment, high cost of living in urban areas and to take up farming in rural areas.
Rural to rural migration

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 This is the movement of people from one rural area to another in search of land, water
resources and fertile soils.
Urban to urban migration
 This movement involves the migration of people from one town to another through
transfers, loss of employment or to take up business opportunities.
Credit at one fully developed point at 1 mark, 1 mark for each migration type

(b) What are the effects of HIV and AIDS in Zambia?

 Reduced productivity in agriculture, industry and service provision
 Increase in mortality rates
 A lot of time spent on nursing the sick and attending burials
 Huge budget of government spent on purchasing drugs
 Emergence of NGOs dealing in HIV and AIDs and home based care
 Increase in the number of orphans, widows, widowers and vulnerable children
 Attracted international donor funding from agencies and governments
 Research in the search for the cure of HIV and AIDs is on going
Credit any relevant fully developed point.

PART TWO
1. With reference to civilization, write briefly on the following;
(a) Origin,
 Started in the Middle East from Shanider in Northern Iraq 10,000 years ago
 Knowledge of farming and pastoralism
 Spread to Greece and Rome in Europe, India and China in Asia, the North West and Egypt
in Africa
 Two rivers were important in the development of farming in the Middle East. These were
the Tigris and Euphrates because of fertile crescent sols
 It reached North Africa in Egypt along the banks of the Nile 7000 years ago
 Later Egyptians conquered and spread civilization to Kush (Sudan) and Axum (Ethiopia)

(b) Why it took long to spread

 Remote places
 Jungles, swamps
 Climatic differences
 Reached Zambia 2000 years ago through Tanzania and North-west through the Congo.

(c) Early settlement in Zambia

 in Zambia it spread quickly over the whole land but mainly in Southern
 Province because
 there was plenty rainfall

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 there was plenty of pasture

 there was fertile land
 there were no tsetse flies

(d) The knowledge it brought

 Iron smelting/metal working
 Pottery

2. Give an account of the Lunda Kingdom of Mwata Kazembe under the following subheadings:
(a) Origin
 Came from Mwata Yamvo kingdom
 Mwata Yamvo was in the process of expansion so he sent Mutande Yembe Yembe and
Chinyanta
 He conquered the area that was rich in salt and copper and then proved disloyal to his
master
 He was later replaced by Nganda Bilonda who became the first Kazembe

(b) Expansion
 Nganda Bilonda conquered surrounding areas
 He was succeeded by Kanyembo as Kazembe II. He continued to conquest
 By 1760, Ilunga Lukwesa succeeded the throne
 Several factors led to the expansion of the kingdom.
(a) Natural resources
(b) Long distance trade
(c) Conquest of weaker tribes
(d) The visit of Delacerda influenced other explorers to come
(e) Good leadership by reigning Kazembes
(f) Tribute collection
(g) loyalty of subordinates
(h) Use of middlemen - Bisa and imbangala
(i) Trade monopoly
(j) well organized militarily

(c) Decline
 After 1850 the kingdom due to:
(i) Loss of long-distance trade through the Bisa middlemen who were attacked by
the Bemba
(ii) The visit of tip-tip who interfered with the Western trade route
(iii) Disloyalty of the junior chiefs
(iv) Succession wars (1840's- 1880's)
(v) Activities of Msiri of the Yeke
(vi) Final blow came in 1890 with the BSA Company rule

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3 Write the following on the federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland:

(a) Reasons for the Federation
 Settlers in Southern Rhodesia wanted to control copper in Northern Rhodesia
 Settlers in Northern Rhodesia wanted to get rid of African Paramouncy
 To achieve economic inter-dependence as each territory depended on one source of
economy.
 Africans in Southern Rhodesia preferred to put the policy of Partnership into Practice
rather than racial segregation.

(b) Reasons against the Federation

 Africans in Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland did not want racial policy of segregation
 Some settlers in Southern Rhodesia wanted the policy of segregation to continue
 Opposition labour and liberal parties in Britain did not want to force Africans into
Federation

(c) Why the Federation broke up

 Little or no African support for the Federation
 Africans not consulted hence strong opposition from the start
 Fear amongst Africans that partnership would stop political advance and strengthen
white domination
 Africans not interested in obvious economic advantages of Federation because they were
confined to manual work and lower grades of public service
 Federation seemed to retard prospect of independence so independence movements
regarded it as their prime target.

PART THREE
1. (a) What are the qualifications for one to be the Republican President in Zambia?
The President of Zambia is elected during General Elections which take place every after
five years. One can only qualify for election as President
 if he or she:
 is a citizen of Zambia
 is thirty-five years of age and above
 is of good character
 is supported by a political party
 is literate and conversant with the official language
 has both parents as Zambians by birth or descent
 has been living in Zambia for at least twenty years

(b) Functions of the Zambian President

 The President of Zambia:
 Is the Head of State, this means that he or she represents the country
 Is head of government; this means that he or she represents government
 Gives instructions to all ministers and civil servants

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 Is the commander in chief of the armed forces

 Can appoint the commanders of security forces
 Can nominate up to eight members of parliament
 Can declare a state of emergency
 Can dissolve parliament
 Opens the first session of the National Assembly each year
 Gives awards to those who have served the nation well
 Can appoint or dismiss senior government officials
 Can sometimes exercise the prerogative of mercy; this means that he or she can pardon
criminals or reduce their sentences.

2. (a) Explain what a family budget is.

 A family budget is one usually made by the father and mother
 The expenditure of the budget depends on the income of the family
 The money that remains is savings used to buy cars and television sets
 It is also important for national development
 family which makes poor decisions may fail to meet its basic needs
 A good budget must have a surplus
 A good family budget carters for the basic needs of the family
(b) The national budget is passed by the National Assembly after it has been presented by
the Minister of Finance
The parts of the national budget are:
 Revenue: it is money that government receives every year from various sources such as
taxes
 Recruitment expenditure: it is money which government spends every year on salaries
and wages of government workers and maintenance of facilities like buildings.
 Capital expenditure: It is money which is spent on new projects such as constructing
roads or building schools.
 A national budget can either have surplus or deficit. The ideal situation is that the budget
must balance.

3. What are the qualities or money?

(a) Quantities of money
Money is anything of value that is generally accepted and makes the exchange of goods
and services easy. The common forms of money are coins and bank notes. Money has
certain characteristics which are described as follows:
 Acceptability: for any object to be used as money, it must be generally accepted. This
means that people agree to use that object.
 Portability: money must easily be carried about
 Divisibility: money should be easily divided into smaller units. This quality of money helps
us to buy goods and services of different value.

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 Recognizable: Coins and bank notes should have features which make them easy to
recognize; e.g. the eagle is a prominent feature on our bank notes. However, bank notes
and coins must be difficult to copy or forge
 Scarcity: Money should be difficult to obtain. A person must engage in a productive
activity in order to earn money. A productive activity is any useful activity which benefits
members of a community.
 Durability: Money must last for a long time. It must not wear out easily.

(b) The law of supply and demand

 Demand refers to the willingness and ability of people to pay for goods and services.
Supply is the availability of goods and services. Supply is the availability of goods and
services on the market. These goods and services are made available by business people.
 The price of goods and services can be influenced by demand and supply. When demand
for certain goods and services rises, the price is likely to rise. On the other hand, when
the supply of goods and provision of services is high, the price is likely to fall.
 When the supply of goods and provision of services is low, the demand is high and the
prize rises.
 A rise in the price of goods and services may lead to low demand, while the fall (drop) in
the price of goods or services may lead to high demand. The law of supply and demand
can be summarized as follows:
High demand + low supply high price
Low demand + high supply = low price
 However, when the price of goods remains constant or favourable to both buyers and
sellers, it is called an equilibrium price.

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EXAMINATION COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

JUNIOR SECONDARY LEAVING EXAMINATION (GRADE 9) – 2016
Social Studies 207/2
Paper 2
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CANDAIDATES

SECTION A [30 MARKS]

Answer all questions in this section.
Write all your answers in the Answer Booklet provided
1 Study the map of Zambia below and answer the questions that follow.

A Name border town A.

B What is the name of lake B?
C Name the National Park C.
D What type of lake is B?
E Give two reasons why the area around town A has high population concentration.
F State two reasons why National Park C is an important tourist attraction?
G Name two institutions which distribute and supply electricity.

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2 Study the map below and answer the questions that follow.

Questions
A Name the continent marked A.
B Mention one type of goods that was brought to continent A.
C What goods were taken to continent B?
D Who discovered the Islands marked C?
E What name was given to the trade that involved the three continents labelled A, B, and
D?
F Why was it given the name mentioned in E?
G Name the place marked D where most of the voyages of discovery started from.
H In which year did Vasco da Gama arrive at the place marked E?
I Which explorer was the first European to reach area F?
J What name did he give to the area marked F?

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3 Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
In Chabwino, the date of elections was announced by the President. Sibeso Zulu woke up early in
the morning to prepare herself to go and vote. She carried the necessary documents required in
the voting process. Sibeso quickly went to the place where she was registered to cast her vote.
A What is the day of elections called?
B State the time when voting begins and ends.
C Which two documents did Sibeso Zulu carry to enable her to vote? 2
D What is the name given to a place where registered voters go to vote?
E Who is in charge of the place mentioned in question D above?
F The minimum age for a qualified voter in Zambia is?
G The elections in which Sibeso Zulu participated were declared free and fair. State two
reasons for the importance of free and fair elections.

SECTION B (Short essays) (30 MARKS)

There are three parts in this section. Answer one question from each part.
Part One
1 (a) State three different types of tourist attractions.
(b) Explain the benefits of tourism to the people
(c) Suggest reasons why tourism resources should be conserved.

2 (a) Describe recent projects in hydro-electricity generation in Zambia.

(b) Describe non renewable energy resources which are widely used in Zambia.

3 With reference to the building and construction industry in Zambia,

(a) State examples of physical infrastructure developments taking place in recent years,
(b) Explain why building and construction industry has grown in recent years.

Part Two
1 Describe the life of the Tonga speaking people of Southern Province under the following sub-
headings:
(a) Economical,
(b) Political,
(c) Social,
(d) Religious.

2 Account for the causes of the rebellion of 1896/97 in Zimbabwe by the following tribes;
(a) The Ndebele,
(b) The Shona.

3 Write briefly on all of the following

(a) Causes of the scramble of Africa,
(b) Results of the Berlin conference of 1884 1885,
(c) Terms of the Berlin conference.

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Part Three
1 Citizenship unites people who belong to different races, ethnic groups and religions. Citizens
wok together in peace and harmony to improve their lives. They also learn to solve their
problems together without discriminating each other.
(a) Who is a citizen?
(b) Explain the duties of a citizen

2 (a) Explain the relationship between the local and central government
(b) What are the sources of revenue for councils?

3 (a) What are fundamental human rights?

(b) Explain the following categories of human rights:
(i) Civil and Political Rights,
(ii) Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

ANSWERS FOR SOCIAL STUDIES PAPER 2 – 2016

SECTION A (30 MARKs)
Answer all questions in this section.
1 A Name border town A.
Nakonde
B What is the name of lake B?
Lake Bagweulu
C Name the National Park C.
Kafue National Park
D What type of lake is B?
Depression/accept irregular
E Give two reasons why the area around town A has high population concentration.
 Because of trade from Tanzania and Zambia
 It is the border town where goods from overseas cross from.
 The town isa route focus/due to the good road and rail transport.
F State two reasons why National Park C is an important tourist attraction?
 It has a variety of animals such a elephants, lions, buffaloes, etc.
 It is the largest national park in Zambia and Africa.
 It has a variety of vegetation.
 It has good road for tourists.
 The park is well developed with a lot of lodges and camping sites
G Name two institutions which distribute and supply electricity.
 Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation (accept ZESCO)
 Copperbelt Energy Corporation (CEC)

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2 A Name the continent marked A.

Africa
B Mention one type of goods that was brought to continent A.
Beads, clothes, guns, gunpower, sugar, salt, glassware and alcoholic drinks
C What goods were taken to continent B?
Slaves
D Who discovered the Islands marked C?
Christopher Columbus
E What name was given to the trade that involved the three continents labelled A, B, and
D?
Triangular Slave Trade
F Why was it given the name mentioned in E?
The manner the trade was conducted in a triangle involving three continents
G Name the place marked D where most of the voyages of discovery started from.
Portugal
H In which year did Vasco da Gama arrive at the place marked E?
1497 / 14-98
I Which explorer was the first European to reach area F?
Bartholomew Diaz
J What name did he give to the area marked F?
Cape of Storms

3 A What is the day of elections called?

Polling day
B State the time when voting begins and ends.
06:00 hours to 18:00 hours
C Which two documents did Sibeso Zulu carry to enable her to vote?
National Registration Card
Voters Card
D What is the name given to a place where registered voters go to vote?
Booth
E Who is in charge of the place mentioned in question D above?
Presiding officer
F The minimum age for a qualified voter in Zambia is?
18 years
G The elections in which Sibeso Zulu participated were declared free and fair. State two
reasons for the importance of free and fair elections.
 Gives legitimacy
 Allow free citizen participation
 Leaders of various parties are free to explain their manifestos
 People make informed decisions
 People choose leaders of their choice

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SECTION B (Short essays) (30 MARKS)

Part One
1 (a) State three different types of tourist attractions.
 Climatic- such as sunny warm Climate
 Wildlife such as wild animals and vegetation
 Natural features such as mountains, rivers, lakes ss to
 Sporting activities such as fishing competition, water sports, etc.
 Traditional ceremonies such as Ncwala, Kuomboka, etc.

(b) Explain the benefits of tourism to the people

 Source of employment
 Source of foreign exchange
 Development such as roads, hotels, airports, etc.
 Encourages conservation of wildlife
 Encourages conservation of culture
 Offers market to farmers

(c) Suggest reasons why tourism resources should be conserved.

 They can be a source of employment
 They can be a source of forex
 They are kept for the young generations to come and see them
 They can attract tourist from other countries

2 (a) Describe recent projects in hydro-electricity generation in Zambia.

 Lower Kafue Power Station located on the Kafue River
 Itezhi-tezhi HEP station located at the Itezhi tezhi dam on Kafue River
 Maamba thermal station
 Musonda falls HEP station
 Kalungwishi HEP station
 Lusiwasi HEP station

(b) Describe non-renewable energy resources which are widely used in Zambia.
 Wind driven power such as wind race
 Water driven power e.g. HEP
 Solar power that uses sunlight
 Vegetation can be replanted

3 With reference to the building and construction industry in Zambia,

(a) State examples of physical infrastructure developments taking place in recent years
 There are roads connecting towns have been constructed.
 There are houses, offices and hotels that have been constructed.
 The schools, hospitals, health centres have been constructed and expanded.

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 The stadiums, airports, ete, have been constructed and expanded.

(b) Explain why building and construction industry has grown in recent years.
 There is high demand for health services hence construction of health centres
 There is need to expand the roads and construct new ones.
 There is high demand for houses so many people have built houses.
 The establishment of new districts and new provincial centres has led to the high
demand for housing and office spaces.

Part Two
1 Describe the life of the Tonga speaking people of Southern Province under the following sub-
headings:
(a) Economical
 They were agriculturists.
 Planted crops like sorghum, millet, pumpkins, beans, etc.
 They were also pastoralists of cattle, goats, sheep, poultry and other animals.
 They also depended largely on fish, game and wild plants.
 They were pottery makers
 They hunted game, fished from the many rivers.
 They were also iron smelters.
 They traded, made mats and performed religious ceremonies.
 They were also gatherers.

(b) Political,
 In every neighbourhood there was a man called "Vlanyika" the owner of the land and any
one who was strong and popular could become one.
 Clans formed villages headed by headmen.
 Villages formed a tribe or society.

(c) Social,
 Each household was arranged around a cattle kraal.
 The family household was the basic unity of society.
 Houses were made of poles and thatched with grass.
 They brewed beer from millet and sorghum.
 The main diet included mealie meal porridge.
 They killed wild game for meat while cattle was used for lobola.

(d) Religious.
 Believed in a superior being whom they approached through their ancestors.
 The Tonga priest called Sikatonga made sure that spirits looked after the neighbourhood.
 They worshipped under trees.
 Had shrines where they prayed for the rains and these were built at graves of prominent
men. Shrines were also founded by men who had been rain makers.
 Sacrifice was made up of an animal, beer or food.

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[Total: 10]
2 Account for the causes of the rebellion of 1896/97 in Zimbabwe by the following tribes;
(a) The Ndebele,
 British South African Company (BSAC) took away most of their cattle.
 Forced labour in the mines and on the farms was done through the Supervision of Shona
policemen as the Shona people were regarded as servants for the Ndebele.
 Constant friction with the BSAC made them decide to get rid of the settlers.
 Ndebele defeat in the 1893 war was a humiliation to them and they wanted to revenge.
 BSAC refused them to raid the Shona for food, cattle and captives after the company
occupied mashonaland. But the Ndebele could not provide for themselves.
 Spread of rinderpest.
 Drought from 1895 led Ndebele to starve and spread of diseases for people and
rinderpest for cattle
 BSAC made Ndebele to pay hut tax for the land on which they stayed free of charge for
years.
 Best land was grabbed by the BSAC settler.

(b) The Shona.

 BSAC made Shona pay hut tax for their land.
 BSAC worked under force in their mines and plantations.
 Best land for Shona was given to the BSAC settlers while owners were either turned into
squatters or were moved into reserves like Matabeleland.
 Drought from 1895 let Shona people to starve and to spread diseases e.g. intestinal
diseases for people and rinderpest for cattle.
 Killing of the Shona cattle by the BSAC to prevent the spread of rinderpest angered them.
 The BSAC took over their ivory trade with the Portuguese in the Zambezi valley.
 Shona feared future Ndebele rule if they did not take part in the rebellion.
 Freedom from Ndebele rule after BSAC occupied Mashonaland encouraged them to
pursue their independence further by shaking off BSAC rule through a rebellion.
[Total: 10]
3 (a) Causes of the Scramble of Africa,
 Open fresh markets -Europeans wanted to open markets to sell their industrial outlet.
 Need for raw materials many areas in Africa offered raw materials needed in the
multiplying factories of Europe e.g. cotton, rubber, cocoa, coffee, etc.
 Invest surplus capital e.g.
(i) Britain occupying Rhodesia because of minerals.
(ii) France taking over Morocco because of iron deposits.
 Activities of the explorers an adventurers life:
(a) De Brazza in Equatorial Africa
(b) Stanley Henry Molton in Congo Basic
(c) Karl Peters of Germany in East Africa
 Compensation of lost territories e.g. France sought compensation for their defeat of
1871 by Germany by acquiring Tunisia.

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 Prestige-The more colonies they had the better for their prestige and power.
 Source of troops Senegal was colonized as a source of troops by France.
 Strategic Reasons Some territories in Africa were colonized for strategic reasons such as
Morocco, Egypt, Angola, Mozambique, South Africa, etc.
 For settlement and employment-some territories in Africa were colonized to allow for
settlement of colonists and also for employment for extra population in Europe.
 Religious reasons-European countries persuaded their countries to control areas where
they were operating and eventually colonised these areas.
 The work of administrators and soldiers such as Lord Luggard of Britain in Nigeria.
 The discovery of gold and diamonds
 Recruitment of soldiers e.g. France in Senegal.
 Ambitious men e.g. Cecil Rhodes who opened mines in South Africa and King Leopold of
Belgium.

(b) Results of the Berlin conference of 1884 1885,

 European countries no longer able to claim stake to an African country unless they
occupied it with troops or buildings.
 Made the conquest and exploitation of Africa less bloody and minimized the potential for
violent disputes and war between European nations.
 Led to political conflicts and turmoil.
 Led to the establishment of Europeans colonies across Africa.

(c) Terms of the Berlin conference

 Establishment of a free trade zone in Congo.
 Address humanitarian issues that were brought about due to the slave trade.
 In order to occupy a coastal possession, the nation also had to prove that they controlled
sufficient authority there to protect existing rights such as freedom of trade and transit.
 Any European nation that took possession of African coast or named themselves as
protectorate of one had to inform the other powers of the
 Berlin Act of this action.
 A country was supposed to notify the other signatories before establishing a coastal
colony.
 Ending of slave trade and providing for the welfare of Africa.
 A country which occupied any territory had to be financially strong.
 Colonial boundaries were to be settled by signing treaties.
 King Leopold of Congo was left alone in Congo with no disturbance.
 The rivers Niger and Congo were to be free to all for transportation.
 To effectively occupy that African land by opening an administrative post in the area
besides mounting a flag.
[Total: 10]

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Part Three
1 (a) Who is a citizen?
 He/she is a member of a state who enjoys all rights and privileges do granted by it and also
performs his or her duties and obligations towards the state and other organisations.

(b) Explain the duties of a citizen

 Obeying the law
 Paying taxes
 Respecting the rights of others
 The right to vote
 Observing and maintaining the security forces of the nation.
 The right to perform public service.
 Being attentive to public issues.
 Assist in the enforcement of the low at all times.
 Foster national unity and live in harmony with others.
 Promote democracy and the rule of law.
 Contribute to the wellbeing of the community.

2 (a) Explain the relationship between the local and central government.
 Central government uses its administrative powers to control the councils
 Schemes and plans of development are approved the central government.
 The central government can use its legal powers to compel the councils to carry out
certain functions.
 Central government can also dissolve councils.
 Local governments are a creation of the central government, they are controlled by the
Ministry of Local Government and Housing.
 The powers of the central government over the local councils are exercised through
parliament by enacting lawS on local government. Through these Acts, the central
government can create city, municipal or district councils.
 Schemes and plans of development are approved by the central government.
 Where costs may be beyond council ability to hire equipment such as bulldozers or
earthmovers, cranes and tractors, the government may be called in to assist.
 The central government can use its legal powers to compel the councils to carry out
certain functions.

(b) What are the sources of revenue for councils?

 Engaging in business undertakings e.g. taverns, bottle stores, motels, nursery schools.
 Personal levy on all residents working in a council area.
 Land rates these are obtained from people who use pieces of land or plots owned by the
council.
 Rents -they collect rents charged on council houses, markets, business buildings, bars,
restaurants.

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3 (a) What are fundamental human rights?

Liberties that all human beings should claim from the society in which they live.
Natural rights which every human being enjoys simply because she or he is a human
being

(b) Explain the following categories of human rights:

(i) Civil and Political Rights,
 These are rights which are referred to as 'first generation rights
 They are found in Part III of the Constitution of Zambia.
 The following are examples of civil and political rights.
 Protection of freedom of conscience
 Protection of freedom of expression
 Protection of freedom of assembly and association
 Protection from inhuman treatment
 Protection from slavery or forced labour
 Protection of the right to personal liberty
 Protection of the right to life
 Protection from deprivation of property

(ii) Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

These are rights which are known as 'second generation'. They were the first rights to be
recognised by the Magna Carta, American Declaration of Independence and French Declaration
of the Rights of Man and the citizen. These rights deal with issues of equality and fraternity.
Below are examples of economic, social and cultural rights:
 Right to Food
 Right to Education
 Right to Development
 Right to adequate housing
 Right to Employment
 Right to clean environment
 Right to medical care
 Right to social security

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EXAMINATION COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

JUNIOR SECONDARY LEAVING EXAMINATION (GRADE 9) – 2017
Social Studies 207/1
Paper 1
INTERNAL CANDAIDATES

Study the map extract of Kapiri Mposhi and answer questions 1 to 10.
1 What is the six figure grid reference of unclassified Trigonometrical station TT2
A 605 845.
B 608 848.
C 445 605.
D 848 608.

2 What is the vertical interval of the map?

A 15m
B 20m
C 30m
D 50m

3 The bearing of the Kapiri Mposhi glass factory (grid square 7963) from the quarry in grid square
8062 is
A 100o
B 135o
C 240°
D 300o

4 What is the length of the landing area runaway shown on the map?
A 900 metres
B 1 000 metres
C 1 300 metres
D 1 500 metres

5 What is the dominant type of vegetation found in grid square (B564)?

A Grassland
B Light forest
C Open bush and tree grassland
D Scattered cultivation

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Study the area in the grid squares showing part of the map below.

6 What is the general direction of the flow of the main river shown in the are above?
A East to west
B North East to South West
C South West to North East
D West to East

Study the map of Zambia below and answer questions 7 to 10.

7 What is the name of the river marked E?

A Chambeshi
B Lukusashi
C Lukutu
D Lunsemfwa

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8 Name town F?
A Chama
B Chinsali
C Chipata
D Lundazi

9 What is the name of the escarpment G?

A Batoka
B Gwembe
C Muchinga
D Zambezi

10 What physical feature is located at H?

A Kashinji plains
B Liuwa plains
C Luena flats
D Silowana plains

11 What is the name of the feature I?

A Itezhi tezhi Dam
B Kafue Gorge
C Kariba Dam
D Mulungushi Dam

12 Which one of the following breeds of cattle is used in dairy farming?

A Afrikander
B Boran
C Fresian
D Hereford

13 What type of Power Station is found in Kasempa?

A Geo thermal.
B Hydro electric power
C Thermal
D wind

14 The name of the railway connecting Kapiri Mposhi to Nakonde is …

A Choma Masuku.
B Livingstone - Kitwe.
C Mulobezi- Livingstone.
D Tanzania-Zambia.

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15 The major species of fish caught in Lake Tanganyika are..

A Bream and Barbel.
B Chisense and Pike.
C Kapenta and Nile Perch.
D Mudsucker and Bottle nose.

16 The Mulobezi railway line was constructed to transport.

A farm produce.
B minerals.
C passengers.
D timber.

17 Which one of the following is not a major use of coal?

A Fueling rockets into space
B Generating electricity
C Marking of chemical products
D Raising stream power

18 The greatest advantage of hydro electricity over wood fuel is that it…
A can be generated any where.
B can be transported across national boundaries.
C Is free.
D is inexhaustible.

19 Which one of the following towns is not served by an international airport?

A Kitwe
B Lusaka
C Livingstone
D Ndola

20 What type of industry is cotton ginning?

A Manufacturing
B Primary
C Processing
D Tertiary

21 Learning about the past is important to society because it helps .

A to become better politicians.
B to develop the mining industry.
C to understand people and society.
D societies become educated.

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Study the picture below and answer question 22

22 What method of studying about the past is the picture above shovwing?
A Anthropolo9y B Archaeology
C Linguistics D Oral tradition

23 BC and AD helps us to show periods of time.

A Before and after the birth of Christ. B concerning the birth and death of
Christ.
C during the Anno Domino. D when Christ was an earth.

24 The' Big bang' theory is associated with …

A discoveries made at oldurai gorge. B the begging of life on earth.
C the discovery of In'gombe Ilede. D the origin of the earth.

Study the picture below and answer questions 25 and 26.

Australopithecus

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25 Name the Archaeologist who discovered the remains of the creature in the picture.
A Charles Darwin
B Doctor Louis Leakey
C Professor Desmond Clark
D Professor Raymond Dart

26 What nickname was given to the creature in the picture above

A Handy man
B Neanderthal man
C Nutcracker man
D Southern Ape man

27 To which of the early creatures are the facts below referring?

 He lived in the middle stone age
 His skull was discovered in Kabwe in 1921.
A Broken Hillman
B Bushman
C Homo-habilis
D Zinjathropus

Study the picture below and answer question 28.

28 Name the hunting tool being used in the picture.

A Bow and arrow
B Catapult
C Muzzle loader
D throwing stone

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Study the picture below and answer question 29.

29 What was the use of the structure in the picture among the bantu society?
A Making blocks out of clay
B Pumping water from the ground
C Smelting iron
D Trapping wild animals

30 What important item did the people of in'gombe ilede sell to the outside world?
A Cloth
B Ivory
C Copper
D Salt

31 The Tonga, Ila and Lenje are examples of ... societies.

A centralized.
B decentralized
C matrilineal
D patrilineal

32 Matrilineal system of succession among the Bantu people encouraged succession based on the
………………………… lineage.
A father's
B mother's
C uncle's
D auntie's

33 The practice by most centralised kingdoms of complete control of trade activities was called.
A centralized trade.
B long distance trade.
C trade monopoly.
D tribute system.

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34 The Chitimukulu who introduced reforms among the Bemba was

A Chileshe Chepela.
B Chitapankwa sosala.
C Mubanga Chipoya.
D Nkole Mukulumpe.

35 Which of the following ideas helped the growth of slave trade by 16" century?
A it was a process of colonisation
B need for domestic servants
C need to make Africa more popula.
D the need to educate Africans on hygiene.

36 The two explorers that mapped most of southern and central Africa were.
A David Livingstone and Henry Morton Stanley.
B John Speke and James Grant.
C Mungo park and Hung Clappertone.
D Richard Burton and John Lander

37 At which of the following conferences was the partition of Africa done?.

A Berlin Conference.
B London Conference.
C Mulungushi Conference.
D Yalta Conference.

38 Which of the following women activists took part in the liberation struggle for Northern
Rhodesia?
A Mama Betty Kaunda and Mama Nkandu Luo.
B Mama Edith Nawakwi and Mama Jean Kapata.
C Mama Inonge Wina and Mama Maureen Mwanawasa.
D Mama Julia Chikamoneka and Mama Chibesakunda Kankasa.

39 The primary aim of Welfare Association was to ..

A fight against segregation.
B fight for federation.
C fight for independence.
D improve welfare association.

40 The political party that has been ruling Zimbabwe since independence under Robert Mugabe is...
A African National Congress (ANC).
B Malawi Congress Party (MCP).
C Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front (ZANU - PF).
D Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU).

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41 The Zambian borders were drawn by the British between..

A 1890 and 1911.
B 1895 and 1911.
C 1897 and 1912.
D 1900 and 1924.

42 One of the aims of Civic Education is to guide and encourage all citizens to have self respect,
respect for others as well as ...
A knowing one's past heritage and understand the future.
B taking care of ones' self and family.
C understanding the spiritual and moral values of human beings.
D valuing humanity and dignity in all ways possible.

43 Which of the Zambian symbols of National identity appears on all government letters and is
shown on the cars of high ranking government officers?
A Coat of arms
B Eagle
C Flag
D National Anthem

44 Which of the following is an international organisation that promote good governance?

A Amnesty
B Anti corruption
C League of nations
D United Nations

45 In a situation where the constitution is unwritten like in the villages, the residents are expected
to behave in a certain way. They follow the rules called
A Bills.
B Laws.
C Norms.
D Values.

46 The qualification of Zambian citizenship that requires one to apply to the citizenship Board of
Zambia after living continuously for ten years is referred to as …
A Adoption.
B Birth.
C Descent.
D Registration.

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47 Which of the following is not an example of an ideology of a political party?

A Communism
B Constitutionalism
C Environmentalism
D Globalisation

48 The type of elections that are held after a mandatory term of office has expired for the office
bearers are called.
A By-elections
B Local government.
C Parliamentary.
D General.

49 Which of the following best describes the correct function of the three branches of government?
Executive Judiciary Legislature
A Enforce laws Make laws Interprets laws
B Enforce laws Interprets laws Make laws
C Make laws Enforce laws Interprets laws
D Provide guidance Interprets laws Make laws

50 In which year was the House of chiefs re-established in Zambia?

A 1991
B 1996
C 2003
D 2006

51 A Zambian agency that is responsible for overseeing actors related to controlling money
laundering is ..
A Anti-Corruption Commission.
B Anti money laundering investigations unit.
C Drug enforcement commission of Zambia.
D Zambia Police Service.

52 A budget that help to ensure that enough money comes in to cover different types of expenses
is known as.. budget.
A Balanced
B family
C individual
D national

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53 A Concept used to refer to a manufacturer using a name or other identifying characteristics to

deceive consumers into thinking they are buying the product of a competitor is referred to as
A predatory pricing.
B trademark infringement.
C trade label.
D unfair competition.

54 The type of right that requires the government to provide its citizen with the promotion against
having basic things in life is .
A civil and political rights.
B collective rights.
C economical rights.
D Social and cultural rights.

55 Corruption due to complicated legal requirements and long processes in starting up business or
drawers licenses is referred to as .
A Complex laws and procedures.
B Competition for governance position.
C Greed on the part of government officials.
D poverty of government officials.

56 The cause of conflict that comes as a result of different views on the status of certain groups
such as different ethnic groups is referred to as.
A Cultural inequality.
B desire for power.
C economic inequality.
D Social inequality.

57 Regional organisation can be explained as an organisation..

A founded in order to promote economic development.
B founded and created to promote the ideals of democracy.
C whose members belong to a certain geographical region.
D whose members belong to the same country.

Study the picture below showing the emblem of the United Nations (UN) and
answer questions 58 to 60

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58 What do the olive branches on the United Nations emblem symbolize

A Harmony
B Love
C Peace
D Unity

59 The area of concern of the United Nations in its purpose 'Peace and Security' is
shown by…
A Emblem.
B Map of Africa.
C Olive Branches.
D World map.

60 Which of the following countries is not a permanent member of the security council?
A Britain
B China
C France
D Germany

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EXAMINATION COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

JUNIOR SECONDARY LEAVING EXAMINATION (GRADE 9) – 2017
Social Studies 207/2
Paper 2
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CANDAIDATES

SECTION A [30 MARKS]

Answer all questions in this section.
Write all your answers in the Answer Booklet provided
1 Study the diagrams I and II below and answer the questions that follow.

Questions
A Name one tree species from diagram (i) and one from diagram (ii). [2]
B Name two areas on the Copperbelt province where tree species in diagram (i) are found.
C Give two reasons why the areas mentioned in question (b) are suitable for the growth of
trees.
D State two benefits of the trees mentioned in diagram (ii).
E Explain two differences between the trees of diagram (i) and (ii).

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2 Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

Questions
A Name the historical site shown in the diagram above.
B In which year was the site above discovered?
C Which tribe is associated with this site?
D Who excavated archaeological remains at this site
E Mention one item which proved that international trade was conducted at the site.
F On which river was this trade conducted?
G What was the most important local trading item at this site?
H Explain one reason traders preferred the above trading site.
I Name two trading items which came from the surrounding area marked A and B?

3 Study the map below and answer the questions that follow.

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A Mention the first capital of Northern Rhodesia located at A.

B Why was the capital moved to site B in 1935?
C Which British private company built the rail ine shown on the map? [1]
D Identify two ways in which the company mentioned in question C
E managed to get mineral royalties from African chiefs.
F What was the aim of the Welfare Society which was formed at a place marked C?
G The British government took over the administration of Northern Rhodesia in 1924. State
any two features of colonial rule.
H In 1957, a federation joint project was built at the area marked D.
What was the major aim of this project to Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) and Southern
Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)?

SECTION B (Short essays) (30 marks)

There are three parts in this section. Answer one question from each part.
Part One
1 (a) Describe population distribution in Zambia.
(b) Explain four different types of migrations within Zambia.

2 (a) Describe the location of plantation agriculture in Zambia.

(b) State the characteristics of plantation agriculture
(c) Explain the effects of commercial farming in Zambia.

3 (a) Describe the alternative renewable sources of power and energy to meet Zambia's
energy needs.
(b) With reference to institutions dealing in power and energy.
(i) Explain the functions of the energy Regulation Board (ERB).
(ii) Explain the measures Zambia Electricity Supply corporation (ZESCO) has put in
place to conserve electricity.
Part Two
1 (a) Why do we learn about the past?
(b) Explain the methods used to learn about the past?

2 Write about the Late Stone Age people under the following:
(a) Tools
(b) Methods of hunting
(c) Types of painting

3 What were the causes and results of John Chilembwe uprising of 1915?
(a) Causes
(b) Results

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Part Three
1 (a) Explain the types of constitutions.
(b) Why is the constitution important?

2 (a) What is a Parliamentary Bill?

(b) Describe the various stages through which a bill is passed in parliament before it
becomes law.

3 (a) What is trade?

(b) Explain the challenges associated with trade.

ANSWERS FOR SOCIAL STUDIES PAPER 1 – 2017

1. D 11. A 21. C 31. B 41. A 51. B
2. B 12. C 22. D 32. B 42. D 52. A
3. D 13. B 23. A 33. C 43. A 53. B
4. C 14. D 24. D 34. A 44. A 54. D
5. C 15. C 25. D 35. B 45. C 55. A
6. C 16. D 26. D 36. A 46. D 56. D
7. D 17. A 27. A 37. A 47. D 57. C
8. A 18. D 28. A 38. D 48. D 58. C
9. D 19. A 29. C 39. A 49. B 59. D
10. C 20. C 30. D 40. C 50. C 60. D

ANSWERS FOR SOCIAL STUDIES PAPER 2 – 2017

SECTION A (30 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section.
Write all your answers in the Answer Booklet provided
Questions
A Specie under I Specie under II
Pine Mukwa
Eucalyptus Mahogany

B Chichele, chati, Mufulira, Itimpi (Kitwe), Mwekere

C High annual rainfall of over 1200mm

Moderate temperature (18° - 24°C)
Policy of Government through forest department
Ready market for softwood timber in the Copperbelt.
D
 Source of timber
 Woodfuel, Firewood, Charcoal

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 Provision of electricity/Telephone poles

 Furniture making
 Building and construction
 Source of fruits honey
 Source of herbal medicine
 Trees break force of falling rain
 Protect the ground from soil erosion
 Contribute to rainfall
 Helps in the exchange of gasses

E Explain two differences between the trees of diagram (i) and (i).
Diagram I Diagram II
Softwood Hardwood
Fast growing Slow growth
Tall and smooth trunks Short and thick back
Cone shaped crowns Umbrella shaped crowns
Small leaves Big leaves
Exotic Indigenous

2 Questions
A Name the historical site shown in the diagram above
Ingombe Ilede
B In which year was the site above discovered?
1960
C Which tribe is associated with this site?
Tonga
D Who excavated archaeological remains at this site?
J. H. Chaplain
E Mention one item which proved that international trade was conducted at the site.
Beads, Cloth, shells Iron Objects
F On which river was this trade conducted?
Zambezi
G What was the most important local trading item at this site?
Salt
H Explain one reason traders preferred the above trading site.
Accessible due to river transport came for salt/ God/ Ivory/ Copper
I Name two trading items which came from the surrounding area marked A and B?
Copper
Ivory
[Total: 10 marks]

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3 Study the map below and answer the questions that follow.
A Mention the first capital of Northern Rhodesia located at A.
Kalomo
B Why was the capital moved to site B in 1935?
Site Be was more central
C Which British private company built the rail line shown on the map?
The British South African Company (B.S.A)
D Identify two ways in which the company mentioned in question C managed to get
mineral royalties from African chiefs.
 By signing treaties or agreements with chiefs
 They gained mineral rights
 Through taxes
 Through trade (any two)
E What was the aim of the Welfare Society which was formed at a place marked C?
To resist colonialism
F The British government took over the administration of Northern Rhodesia in 1924.
State any two features of colonial rule.
 Chiefs lost their independence and became agents of the colonial government.
 Africans were not allowed to take part in the government
 Africans were forced to pay government tax
 Africans were not allowed to move from one part of the country to do low jobs such as
clerical work, mining or farm labour
 African children went to separate schools from those of white children
 Africans who were employed on the mines were not allowed to live with their wives and
children
 Africans were not allowed to enter some shops, they bought goods through windows.
 Africans lived in separate residential areas from whites
 Africans were not allowed to own big businesses.

G In 1957, a federation joint project was built at the area marked D.

What was the major aim of this project to Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) and Southern
Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)?
 Hydro electricity power supply to the mines on the Copperbelt in Northern Rhodesia.
 Supply power to manufacturing industries.

SECTION B (Short essays) (30 marks)

There are three parts in this section. Answer one question from each part.
Part One

1 (a) Describe population distribution in Zambia.

 Population of Zambia unevenly distributed
 Densely populated areas with density of over 100 person consist of Copperbelt,
Livingstone, Lusaka, Kabwe area around Chipata.

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 Moderate populated (50-100 persons

 Eastern plateau
 Middleveld
 Luapula valley and basin
 North East border areas Mbala Nakonde
 Northern Plateau (Kasama)
 Bulozi Flour plain
 Sparsely populated areas (below, 50 person)
 Luangwa Valley
 North Western Province
 Western Province
 Copperbelt rural
 Central Province

(b) Explain four different types of migrations within Zambia.

 Rural-Urban in search of employment
 Rural Urban to participate in trade or improved medical services
 Rural to urban to benefit from perceived high quality of life
 Electricity good housing clean and safe water supply/sanitation.
 Urban to rural- retirement
 Urban to rural- in search of cheap/and for settlement/farming
 Urban to rural to move away from noise, crime to peaceful rural/areas
 Urban to rural under settlement/resettlement by government.
 Rural-rural in search of fertile farmland.
 Rural-Rural people driven away by natural disasters in flood, drought hunger, witchcraft
 Rural-to rural due seasonal factors eg during planting fishing
 Urban to urban due to transfers, retrenchment, for trade.

2 (a) Describe the location of plantation agriculture in Zambia.

 Nakambala and Kaleya small holding in Mazabuka for sugarcane production.
 Kateshi and Ngoli in Kasama for Coffee
 Kawambwa Tea Estate in Kawambwa for Tea
 Munushi Banana Scheme in Luapula River for Bananas
 Chiawa Scheme for Bananas

(b) State the characteristics of plantation agriculture.

 Concentrate on monocuture
 Usually owned by companies or state
 Labour intensive hence employ large numbers of workers
 Need large capital investment to set up and manage
 Require large scale irrigation

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(c) Explain the effects of commercial farming in Zambia.

 Clearance of tračts of land for farming lead to deforestation
 Displacement of human and wildlife
 Soil erosion due to bare fields
 Use of chemical, fertilizers pollute the land, water and air.
 Creation of permanent cultural features such as farm buildings.
 Clearance of vegetation may lead to reduced amount of rainfall.

3 (a) Describe the alternative renewable sources of power and energy to meet Zambia's
energy needs.
 Main sources-Wind, solar water, Biomass, wood fuel, geothermal
 Windpower can be used and pump water from underground
 Wind can be used to generate electricity
 The potential areas of wind power are plain, southern part of Zambia and islands
 Solar can be used to convent light energy into electricity for heating, cooking and lighting
 Zambia has abundant sources of sunlight due to tropical location
 Solar can be used in rural areas and in areas that are off National HEP grid
 Geothermal potential is hotspring sites, Chinunyu (Lumfunsa), Ngwinsho (Lochnivar),
Mbala near Kalambo Falls
 The steam is used to generate electricity, for heating, lighting, cooking
 Biomass is obtained from biological material Fermantation of organic matter produces
gio-gas (Methane) which is used for cooking, heating and lighting Water used to generate
electricity
 The main sources of water are the Zambezi, Kafue, Luangwa, Chambeshi Kabompo,
Luongo, Luapula rives
 The lakes Kariba, Tanganyika, Bangweulu and Mweru.
 The total potential for generation of electricity from water very high because the country
contains 40% of all fresh water in Southern Africa
 New HEP sites such as Kabompo river, Kafue Lower,
 Expansion of existing HEP Stations e.g Kalungwishi, Lunzua, Chishimba Falls.

(b) With reference to institutions dealing in power and energy.

(i) Explain the functions of the energy Regulation Board (ERB)
 Issuing Licenses to companies dealing in energy and
 monitoring their performance.
 Protects interests of consumers and make regulations for
 all energy companies
 Regulate prices
 Approve location and construction of energy facilities [3]

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(ii) Explain the measures Zambia Electricity Supply corporation (ZESCO) has put in
place to conserve electricity.
 Encouraging the use of alternative sources of energy
 Rationing of electricity through load shedding
 Promoting use of energy saving bulbs
 Sensitize and educate the public on sustainable use of electricity.

Part Two
1 (a) Why do we learn about the past?
 To understand the present
 To project the future
 Respect for our ancestors achievements
 Understanding History gives us a sense or feeling of belonging to certain group of people
 Understanding History makes us know causes and effects of events and avoid conflicts

(b) Explain the methods used to learn about the past?

Oral traditional
 based on what one generation has told another It is unreliable.
 Does not provide visible or recorded evidence about the past.
Written Records
 History from written sources ie Books, Magazines, computers.
Ancient Remains
 Archaeology is the study of ancient remains
 Archaeologists study pre-historic cultures by excavating material events that people left
behind
 It is learnt by using Radio carbon dating 14 machine.
 It is the most reliable method.
Anthropology
 The study of culture of a group of people
 It enables is to know their dress, religion, behaviour
Linguistic
 The study of languages. Historians are able to trace the origins of people.
Genetics
 The scientific study of hereditary and passing on of characteristics from parents to off
springs.
 It can help explain how and when certain plants and animals came unto existence.

2 Write about the Late Stone Age people under the following:
(a) Tools
 Bow and arrow
 Bored stones as digging sticks
 Arrow heads, scrappers for engravings polished axes, missile, stones, spears and clubs.

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(b) Methods of hunting

 Traps by digging traps
 Encircling the animal
 Chase the animal in the direction of hiding men
 Dress up in animal skins and pretend to be animals.

(c) Types of painting

Naturalistic
 drawing of people and animals as they were in nature.
Schematic
 Paintings which were difficult to understand, looked like
 mathematical drawings of triangles and rectangles.
Dirty White
 Used white paint and often dirt in appearance included drawing
 of animals and people
Engravings
 Done using sharp tools such as crappers. They either made
 continuous line by scratching or stabbed. They used feathers and animal for brushes.
 Paint obtained from charcoal and soils.

3 What were the causes and results of John Chilembwe uprising of 1915?
(a) Causes
 Hut tax which was increased by eight shiling in 1909.
 Unfair labour practices on white owned estates
 Racial discrimination mistreatment of farm labourers
 Insufficient schools
 Involvement of Africans in the 1st World War
 Lack compensation to families of dead soldiers.
(b) Results
 Made changes about the labour practices
 Death of Chilembwe
 Raised the awareness of black people to colonial rule.
 It encouraged them to stand for their rights
 It made them to demand for end of colonial rule.

Part Three
1 (a) Explain the types of constitutions.
 A constitution is a set of principles about how a country should be governed.
Written Constitution
 This is a form of one specific document which describes the basic principles of how a
country is governed. The Zambian constitution is an example of a written constitution.

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An unwritten constitution.
 This is not written down in form of a specific document. It is based on conventions,
traditions and customs of a society.

(b) Why is the constitution important?

 Supreme Law of the land
It is the highest Law of the land
Any law that is in conflict with the constitution is a bad law and should be amended.
 Structure of government
The constitution defines the powers and functions of government and how the
government may make new laws.
 Human Rights
The constitution outlines fundamental human rights. No new law may contravene these
rights. A good constitution should protect and promote rights and freedoms of
individuals, groups and communities in the country.
 Responsibilities
Along with out rights, we have responsibilities The constitution can also clarify the
responsibilities of its citizens.
 Vision and ideals
A constitution inspires and provides a country with a clear vision on which way a country
should move.

2 (a) What is a Parliamentary Bill?

 A Parliamentary Bill is a proposal or a suggestion for a law.
 A bill suggested by a minister is called a public bill.
 A bill suggested by an ordinary Member of Parliament is called a private member's bill.
(b) Describe the various stages through which a bill is passed in parliament before it
becomes law.
First reading
At this stage the bill is introduced in National Assembly
The MPs are given time to study the bill.
Second Reading
At this stage the Minister who suggests the bill explains it in detail. The MPs debate the vote for
or against it. If the majority of the MPs support the bill, it is adopted and passed to the next
stage
Committee stage
The MPs are divided into small committees to examine the bill and suggest some amendments
or changes.
Report stage and third reading
Members of Parliament vote for or against each amendment which is finally passed to the
President. The bill goes to the president. The president assents (signs) or vetoes it.

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3 (a) What is trade?

 Trade is the buying and selling of goods and services among countries.
 Trade improves the economic status of a country.
 Trade is important because no country can have all the resources to satisfy its needs.

(b) Explain the challenges associated with trade.

Poor transport and communication
This causes difficulties in transporting goods from the producers to the consumers.
Goods take a longer time to get to the customers.
This increases transportation cost which in turn increases the cost of production.
When the cost of production is high, the prices go up thus making it difficult for consumers to
buy.
Unfair competition
The act of charging low prices to control the market in order to force other companies out of the
market.
Some manufacturers use a name, logo or other identifying characteristics to deceive consumers
into thinking that they are buying the product of a competitor.
Spreading false information about the quality or characteristics of a competitor's product.
Poor quality of products
Developed countries view developing countries as their dumping sites.
They dump goods that are of poor quality and those that cannot be used in their countries
People often prefer these poor quality products because they are cheaper.
These products do not last long.
The cost of buying cheap products becomes high because they have to be replaced from time to
time.
Counterfeit products
A counterfeit is an imitation of an original product. Counterfeiting is a criminal offence of making
an imitation of an item with intent to defraud others into accepting it as the
genuine item.
Porous borders
The border between Zambia and its neighbours is very porous.
This means that the borders are easily crossed. This makes it easy for people to smuggle goods
in and out of the country. Some of the goods smuggled into the country are illegal. Lack of
harmonised standards.
Every country charges customs duty on imports to protect it's home industries Exported raw
materials attract tariff rates Importers and exporters have to face tariff restrictions.
They are required to fulfil several customs formalities and rules.
Distance
The distance between the producer and the consumer may be a challenge.
Due to long distance between different countries, it is difficult to establish quick and close trade
contacts between traders.
Buyers and sellers rarely meet one another and personal contacts is rarely possible.

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There is a long time lapse between placement of an order and receipt of the goods from foreign
countries. Distance creates higher costs of transportation and greater risks.
Risk in transit
Foreign trade involves much greater risk than home trade
Goods have to be transported over long distances and they are exposed to perils of the sea
Many of the risks can be covered through marine
Insurance but increases the cost of transportation thus affecting the prices of goods.
(any four)

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EXAMINATION COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

JUNIOR SECONDARY LEAVING EXAMINATION (GRADE 9) – 2018
Social Studies 207/1
Paper 1
INTERNAL CANDAIDATES

Study the map extract and answer questions 1 to 6.

1 What is the six figure grid reference of the Confluence of Luongo and Muweshi rivers?
A 513 729
B 519 723
C 723 519
D 729 513

2 The distance of the maintained road from the edge of the map in grid square 4974 to Kayumba
School in grid square 5075 is.
A 2.1 km.
B 2.6 km.
C 3.1 km.
D 3.6 km.

3 What is the bearing of Moba village in grid square 5669 from Mutayi village in grid square 5370?
A 120o
B 210°
C 240o
D 300o

4 The settlement pattern of villages on the map extract is ...

A dispersed.
B isolated.
C linear.
D nuclear.

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Study the area in the grid squares showing part of the map below.

5 Why are there no people living in the area shown above? It is a ...
A dambo.
B forest.
C hilly area.
D valley.

6 According to map evidence, what is the dominant physical feature south half of the map
extract?
A Dambo
B Rapids
C Swamps
D Waterfalls

Study the diagram below and answer question 7.

7 The instrument shown above is used for measuring

A humidity.
B pressure.
C wind direction.
D wind speed.

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8 The Stevenson screen has louvres on the sides to..

A allow sunlight to penetrate into it.
B allow water vapour to enter the box.
C allow free air circulation.
D make it easier to check the readings of the instrument in it.

9 Which one of the following is an advantage of all forms of traditional farming systems in
Zambia? They….
A are environmentally friendly methods of cultivation.
B do not use artificial fertilisers
C have good crop yields.
D integrate livestock with crop farming.

Study the table below and answer question 10.

Temperature Rainfall Soil conditions
20C – 30C 700mm – 1100mm Fertile, wet drained, light sandy
10 Which one of the following crops grows well in the conditions shown in the table?
A Pineapple
B Tea
C Tobacco
D Wheat

11 The following are negative effects of commercial farming on the environment except
A deforestation.
B displacement of people and animals.
C scarcity of water.
D soil erosion.
Study the map below and answer questions 12 and 13.

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12 What is the name of the National Park A?

A Isangano National Park
B Kafue National Park
C Mweru Wantipa National Park
D Nsumbu national Park

13 The traditional ceremony practised in area marked P is ...

A Kuomboka ceremony.
B Kusefya Pang'wena ceremony.
C Ncwala ceremony.
D Umutomboko ceremony.

14 One disadvantage of tourism is that it ...

A earns the country foreign exchange
B encourages prostitution.
C encourages conservation of wildlife.
D discourages development of infrastructure.

15 In Zambia, census takes place every.

A 3 years.
B 5 years.
C 7 years.
D 10 years.

16 The average number of years a person is expected to live is referred to as ...

A life expectancy.
B mortality rate.
C natural increase.
D population density.

17 Which one of the following is not an effect of HIV and AIDS?

A Average life expectancy has stabilised
B Increase in the number of orphans
C Increase in the number of people living with HIV
D Weaken the economy of the country

18 Which one of the following type of tree species is an example of exotic trees in Zambia?
A Acacia
B Gmelina
C Mopani
D Mukula

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19 The fishery that was restocked with fish by introducing fingerlings is Lake
A Bangweulu.
B Ttezhi tezhi.
C Kariba.
D Tanganyika.

20 Which one of the following fish is not found in the Kafue fishery?
A Barbel
B bream
C Pike
D Tiger

21 Collecting information about how people behaved in the past is called.

A archaeology.
B geology.
C history.
D sociology.

22 Most of Zambia's written sources about the past can be found at …

A Livingstone museum.
B Lusaka museum.
C Nachikufu cave.
D National archives of Zambia.

Study the table below and answer questions 23 and 24.

Name Born Died Age

Yobe AD 680 AD 735 -
Lulu - AD 54 98

23 How old was Yobe when he died?

A 45
B 55
C 65
D 68

24 When was Lulu born?

A AD 44
B AD 6
C BC 44
D BC 64

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Study the picture below and answer questions 25 and 26.

Homo habilis using stone tools

25 In which area were the bones of the man in the picture above discovered?
A Fort Terman
B Olduvai Gorge
C Busangu Island
D Taung

26 Who discovered the man in the picture above?

A Doctor Louis Leakey
B Professor Desmond Clark
C Professor Jean-Jacques Hublin
D Professor Raymond Dart

27 Which one of the following creatures belong to the middle stone age?
A Homo habilis
B Broken hill man
C Nearnderthalman
D Zinjanthropus

28 The smallest tools that were made during the late Stone Age period were referred to as.
A bow and arrow.
B microliths.
C neoliths.
D pebble tools.

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29 To which period in the development of man did the people of Ing'ombe Ilede belong?
A Early iron age
B Early stone age
C Late stone age
D Middle stone age

30 The Shimunenga traditional ceremony is practised by the ...

A Goba.
B Ila.
C lamba.
D Swaka.

Study the picture below and answer questions 31 and 32.

31 Name the royal barge for the Litunga shown in the picture above.
A Mulongwani
B Nalikwanda
C Natamikwa
D Notila

32 During which annual traditional ceremony does the Lozi King use the royal barge shown in the
picture?
A Kuomboka
B Likumbi lya Mize
C Shimunenga
D Kulamba Kubwalo

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Study the pictures below and answer questions 33 and 34.

William Wiberforce Abraham Lincoln

33 The humanitarian contribution which the people in the picture above made was to help
A African countries build more colleges.
B African countries attain independence.
C in the abolition of slave trade.
D in sensitising people on hygiene.

34 From which countries did the gentlemen in the picture come?

A Britain and France
B Britain and USA
C France and Russia
D Italy and Germany

Study the picture below and answer question 35.

Otto von Bismarck

35 Which conference did the man in the picture above organise in 1884 - 85?
A Berlin Conference
B Cairo Conference
C London Conference
D Versailles Conference

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36 The Bambatha, Maji Maji and Chimurenga rebellions were examples of African
A desire to take part in slave trade.
B primary resistance to colonial rule.
C secondary resistance to colonial rule.
D struggle to fight federation segregative rules.
D

Study the picture below and answer questions 37 and 38.

"Dr. Livingstone, I Presume?

37 Who said the words on the picture above?
A David Livingstone
B Henry Morton Stanley
C John Cecil Rhodes
D Robert Moffat

38 At which place did the gentlemen in the picture meet?

A Sena
B Tabora
C Tete
D Ujiji

39 Which term correctly describes the people below in the history of Zambia?
 Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula
 Simon Mwansa kapwepwe
 Godwin Mbikusita Lewanika
 Kapasa Makasa
 Mama Kankasa
 Mama Julia Chikamoneka

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A Capitalists
B Democrats
C Dictators
D Nationalists

40 Which political party did Robert Gabriel Mugabe lead in Zimbabwe?

A FRELIMO
B UNIP
C ZANU-PF
D ZAPU

41 Which of the following is a social and cultural issue of Civic Education?

A Creation and distribution of wealth
B Duties and rights of a citizen
C Factors of production and trade
D How people live and interact

42 Which political parties formed a coalition government in 1962?

A ANC and ANIP
B ANC and NRAC
C UNIP and ANC
D ZANC and UNIP

43 The colour that represents natural resources on the Zambian flag is…
A black
B green.
C orange.
D red.

44 The type of governance system where leaders assume power by inheritance is called.
A autocracy. B bureaucracy.
C monarchy. D oligarchy.

45 A special section in the constitution that outlines fundamental human rights is referred to as...
A Bill of Rights.
B Declaration.
C Preamble.
D Referendum.

46 An asylum seeker is a ..
A foreigner working in the country.
B person fearing to be prosecuted.
C person respecting other people's rights.
D person seeking protection in the country.

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47 Which of the following shows the correct political system Zambia has followed since
independence?
A Multiparty, one party, multiparty
B B Multiparty, two party, one party
C One party, multiparty, one party
D One party, multiparty, two party

48 The last stage in the electoral processes is known as.

A announcement of elections.
B campaign day.
C delimitation.
D poling day.

49 Which organ of government is responsible for carrying out laws?

A Executive
B Legislature
C Judiciary
D Parliament

50 The establishment, maintenance and regulation of slaughter houses, markets, car parks and
public conveniences is a function of..
A Central government.
B Local government.
C Ministry of works and supply.
D National Assembly.

51 Which of the following qualities of money means that money is difficult to find?
A Divisibility
B Durability
C Portability
D Scarcity

52 Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the budget cycle?
A Audit review, implementation, legislative approval, preparation and requests
B Implementation, audit review, preparation and request, legislative approval
C Legislative approval, preparation and requests, implementation, audit review
D Preparation and requests, legislative approval, implementation, audit review

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Study the diagram below which shows the chain of distribution and answer the question that
follows.

53 What are the Agents at the level of distribution marked X and Y.

X Y
A Broker Agent
B Broker Consumer
C Broker Retailer
D Retailer Broker

54 …. are the basic freedoms and privileges which all enjoy simply because they are human beings.
A Collective rights
B Economic rights
C Human rights
D Cultural rights

55 … do not change and are the same from one society to another
A Cultural roles
B Gender roles
C Sex roles
D Traditional roles

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Study the picture below and answer the question that follows.

56 What form of corruption is shown in the picture above?

A Bribery
B Cronyism
C Nepotism
D Tribalism

57 Domestic conflict is also known as.. conflict.

A class
B external
C gender
D internal

Study the diagram below showing the decision-making structures of COMESA and answer
questions 58 and 59.

58 What is the structure marked X.

A Heads of States
B Secretariat
C Steering Committee
D Tribunal

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59 What is the function of the structure marked Y?

A Keeping records
B Peace keeping
C Policy making
D Settling disputes

60 Zambia is a member of both United Nations (UN) and Commonwealth international

organisations. Which of the following best explains the difference between the two
organisations? The Commonwealth aims at …
A accelerating women empowerment while United Nation's idea is to promote peace,
security and stability in the world.
B promoting democracy and development while United Nation's idea is to promote peace
and co-operation.
C providing vision and policy acceleration on economic co-operation while United Nation's
idea is to alleviate poverty.
D providing sustainable development while the United Nation's idea is to eradicate
preventable diseases.

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EXAMINATION COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

JUNIOR SECONDARY EXTERNAL EXAMINATION (GRADE 9) – 2018
Social Studies 207/2
Paper 2
INTERNAL CANDAIDATES

SECTION A [30 MARKS]

Answer all questions in this section.

Write all your answers in the Answer Booklet provided

1 Study the table below which shows the amount of energy consumed by various sectors in
Zambia and answer the questions that follow.

1000 units Petroleum H – Electricity Coal Wood Total

- Household 34 49 - 2631 2714
- Agriculture 10 15 - 82 107
and fisheries
- Mining 163 367 131 2 653
- Industry and 60 53 89 264 466
commerce
- Government 22 40 22 - 84
- Transport 317 1 - - 318
Questions
A What is the total amount of electricity consumed by various sectors?
B Which sector consumed the greatest amount of coal?
C identify the source of energy widely used in households.
D Name one area where coal is mined in Zambia.
E Mention one petroleum product used in homes.
F What is meant by a renewable resource?
G Suggest two disadvantages of using petroleum energy resource in the transport sector.
H The letters C.E.C in relation to energy stand for .
I Give one function of Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation (ZESCO).
[10]

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2 A What was the title given to the Paramount Chiefs of the Bemba people? [1]
B What name was given to the ceremony practised by the Bemba people? [1]
C Who was the chief that led the Bemba Kingdom to expand due to good administration
between 1830 1860?

D What was the local name for the crocodile clan of the Bemba people? [1
E Why did the Bemba Kingdom decline after 1883?
F The royal councillors appointed by the named Paramount Chief in A were
called.

G Give one reason the Bemba people did not keep cattle.
H List two types of crops the Bemba people grew.
I Where did the Bemba people get their guns from?
[10]

3 Study the map below and answer the questions that follow.

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A Mention the country marked A.

B What kind of conflict occurred in country A?
C Identify two groups of people that clashed in the country marked B.
D Why did Eritrea break off from country C?
E State any two effects of the war that took place in country B.
F Name one of the refugee camps found in the country marked D.
G Which Ministry is responsible for the welfare of refugees in the country marked D?
H Explain one method the United Nations (UN) uses to resolving conflicts in affected areas
in Africa.
[10]
SECTION B (Short essays) (30 marks)
There are three parts in this section. Answer one question from each part.
Part One
1 (a) Explain the factors which influence the climate of Zambia.
(b) How does the climate influence human activities in Zambia?
[10

2 (a) Describe the types of manufacturing industries found in towns along the line of rail.
(b) Why are most manufacturing industries in Zambia located along the line of rail?
[1O]

3 (a) Explain the different ways of processing fish in Zambia.

(b) Suggest reasons why fish farming is being encouraged in Zambia.
[10]

Part Two
1 Give an account of the development of man-like creatures under the subheadings below:
(a) Proconsul;
(b) Kenyapithecus.
[10]

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2 Describe the Portuguese search for a sea route to India using the following:
(a) Reasons for the search;
(b) Early attempts to the search for the sea route.

3 Discuss the Welfare Associations in Northern Rhodesia from 1900-1949 under the following sub-
headings:
(a) Aims and Welfare Associations formed.
(b) Achievements of Welfare Associations.
[10]

Part Three
1 (a) What is a colony?
(b) Explain the rights Africans were denied during the colonial rule in Northern Rhodesia.
[10]
2 (a) Give the functions of the African Union (AU).
(b) Explain any five objectives of African Union (AU).
[10]
3 (a) Describe the chain of distribution in local trade.
(b) Why is the wholesaler important in the chain of distribution?
[10]

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ANSWERS FOR SOCIAL STUDIES PAPER 1 – 2018

1. A 11. C 21. C 31. B 41. D 51. D
2. A 12. D 22. D 32. A 42. C 52. D
3. A 13. A 23. B 33. C 43. B 53. B
4. C 14. B 24. A 34. B 44. C 54. C
5. C 15. D 25. B 35. A 45. A 55. C
6. A 16. A 26. B 36. B 46. D 56. A
7. C 17. A 27. A 37. B 47. A 57. D
8. C 18. B 28. B 38. D 48. A 58. A
9. B 19. C 29. A 39. D 49. A 59. C
10. C 20. D 30. B 40. C 50. B 60. B

ANSWERS FOR SOCIAL STUDIES PAPER 2 – 2018

SECTION A (30 MARKS)
1 A 525 000 units
B Mining
C Wood
D Maamba
E Kerosene, paint, candle, polish, vanisher,
F A resource which can be replaced, replenished
G A wasting asset
Causes air pollution
Contributes to global warming
very expensive because it is imported
H CEC-Copperbelt Energy Corporation
I Generate electricity
Transmission and supply
Maintain electricity infrastructure

2 A Chitimukulu
B Kusetya pa Ng'wena
C Chileshe Chipele
D Abena ng'andu
E Succession Gisputes, loss of trade monopoly
Loss of centralisation of power in the Miti clan
The BSA Company invasion

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F Bachilolo / Bashilubemba
G Due to tsetse flies
H Millet / Sorghum / Cassava
I Swahili/Arabs

3 A Somalia
B Interclan
C Hutus / Tutsi
D Ethnic differences
E Loss of lives (human and Livestock) / Destruction of infrastructure
Violation of human rights and freedoms / Refugee migration
Under development / Land degradation
F Maheba / Nyango / Mayukwayukwa / Makeni / Chikumbi / Ukwimi
G Ministry of Home Affairs
H Setting up international tribunals to resolve conflicts
Using courts to settle disputes through peace keeping forces
By electing democratic and effective leadership

SECTION B (Short essays) (30 marks)

Part One
1 (a) Latitude
- The northern part of Zambia receives more rainfall than the southern part because it is
nearer to the equator
- Generally, northern part of Zambia has higher temperatures due to being nearer to the
equator
- The annual range of temperature is lower in the northern areas than southern areas due
to being nearer to the equator/latitude
Altitude
- Generally, the high-altitude areas such as Mbala Highlands experiences lower mean
annual temperatures than the low altitude or relief areas such as the Luangwa and
Zambezi valleys due to altitude
- Also, the high-altitude areas receive increased relief rainfall than the low altitude areas
because of their altitude. While the low land areas such as the Luangwa valley receive low
rainfall as they are in rain shadow areas.
The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
- The movement of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) affect most of Zambia’s
climate as it moves Southwards
- This low-pressure system covers more the northern parts of Zambia and so receives more
rainfall than the southern areas
- This is the reason why rainfall in Zambia decreases from the north to the south
The interior location of the country or continentality
- The interior location of Zambia causes the country to be experiencing extreme climatic
conditions. Winters are cooler and drier while summers warmer and rainy due to its
interior location

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Prevailing Winds
- During the rainy season, the Northern, Luapula, Northwestern and Copperbelt provinces
receive a lot of rainfall from the north west or Congo moist air as they are near to this rain
bearing winds, While the southern and north eastern parts receive rainfall from the moist
south east trades and north east monsoons respectively.
However, during the rest or the year, the prevailing winds over Zambia are the drier south-
east trade winds. These winds lose much of their humidity by the time they reach Zambia.
The South-east trade winds also bring very cool temperatures during is period as they
originate from the high-pressure system.

(b) Rainy Season

- The rainy season period from November to March is the main farming season
- High rainfall areas concentrate on tree crops such as tea (Kawambwa), coffee (Ngoli and
kateshi), sugar cane (Kasama), Pineapples (Mwinilunga, bananas
- Medium rainfall areas (600mm to 1000mm) favour the growing of maize, groundnuts,
tobacco, soya beans and vegetables
- Low rainfall areas (below 600mm) grow mostly drought resistant crops such as sorghum,
millet, cotton
- Low rainfall areas influence the use of irrigation agriculture
Sporting activities and tourism
- Sporting activities best suit the dry season
- Tourism activities are at their peak during dry seagon f

2 (a) - Steel making and processing of other metals

- Textile and clothing
- Leather industries for making shoes
- Furniture making and the making of other wood products
- Block building block making
- chemical industries including making plastic
(b) - Availability of electricity for driving machinery
- High population mean high demand for manufactured goods
- Ready market
- Good network of roads and a railway line for procuring raw materials and dispatch of
finished goods to markets
- Large pool of unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled labour force
- The government’s policy of balancing development
- Plenty of water for cooking industrial product
- Nearness to raw materials. A factory will be near factory if raw material is heavy and
bulk,

3 (a) Large fish are usually smoked in areas with enough wood fuel supply
Freezing
Fish are kept in temperatures below 0oC to keep them fresh
Fish are also put in Containers with ice blocks

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Canning
It involves processing the fish by heating and sealing it in air- tight containers. It S
Sometimes called tinned fish.
Trading Activities
The dry season attracts trading activities such marketing of crops
Traditional Ceremonies
Some traditional ceremonies such as kuomboka and nc'wala take place during the dry
season
Salting
Fish are gutted, cut open and put in concentrated salt water. Thereafter, it is the sun
dried. This is commonly done around Lake Mweru fishery and Luangwa fishery.
Sundrying
Fish are gutted and dried in the sun on raised platforms. Small fish such as Kapenta are
usually Sun dried.
Smoking
Fish are gutted and smoked over a slowly burning wood fire.

(b) To achieve self-sufficiency in the supply of fish a vital source of protein.

 Develop hatcheries where fingerlings (baby fish) are grown to stock and re-stock fisheries
 It is an income generating venture to investors
 creation of employment opportunities in the country
 Promotes the diversification of the economy
 Reduce the risk of loss during disease outbreak or crop Taiure
 To provide fresh fish supply during the fish ban period

Part Two
1 (a) Proconsul
 He was an ape with a short tail and hair all over the body
 Had jaws similar to man which shows common ancestral origin
 Bones were discovered in East Africa at Rusinga islands in 1932 by Dr Louis Leaky
 Hand a rounded forehead like man
 Could not walk upright

(b) Kenyapithecus
 He looked like an ape and could not walk uprignt
 Had hair all over the body to keep him warm
 Never made nor used tools
 Bones discovered at Fort Ferman in 1961 by Louis Leaky

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2 (a) Reasons for the search

 Need to search for a direct sea route to the east
 Portuguese need for overseas markets and trading centres
 Scientific invention (Renaissance)
 Political peace and stability in Portugal
 Need to spread Christianity
 Role of Prince Henry the navigator

(b) Early attempts

 Prince Henry played an important role by building a school for sailors at sagres, provided
financial help and also words of encouragement
 Some of the early sailors were captain Diniz Diaz who discovered Cape Verd Island in
1445
 In 1471 some sailors reached Gold Coast (Ghana) and 1472 some reached slave coast
(Benin)
 Later Diego Cao reached the mouth of Congo River in 1482
 Barthlomew Diaz reached the Cape of Good Hope in 1487
 Others were Christopher Columbus reached the West Indies in
 Amerigo Vespucci discovered America

3 (a) Welfare Societies

Reasons for formation
fighting for better conditions
participating in the running of colonial government
Mwenzo Welfare Association
Formed in 1923
Leaders were David Kaunda, Donald Siwale, Hezekiya Kawosa association was not
Successful
by 1929 t had collapsed
Livingstone Native Association
formed in 1930
leader was Isaac Nyirenda
held meetings where ill-treatment of Africans was brought up and the colonial
government criticized
however Governor J.C. Maxwell banned complaints against the government. Therefore,
association was weakened
Ndola and Choma Welfare Societies
Tormed in 1930
leaders were Ernest Muwamba, E. Matako and Elijah Chungu for Ndola one
Complained against racial inequalities and other colonial injustices
Federation of Welfare Societies
formed in 1946 leader Dauti Yamba ho group together all welfare societies acted as
pressure group for African views

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(b) Achievements of Welfare Association

Led to the development of political parties in Northern Rhodesia e.g Northern Rhodesia
African National Congress under Godwin Mbikusita Lewanika
Injustices / ill treatment of Africans by colonial government colonial government

Part Three
1 (a) A colony is a country ruled by people from another country

(b) Chiefs lost their independence and became agents of the colonial government. This
system of ruling through chiefs was called indirect rule.
Africans were not allowed to take part in the government. They had no vote and were
not allowed to stand as candidates in elections
Africans were forced to pay government tax but the colonial government did not use the
money for the benefit of Africans.
Africans were not allowed to move from one part of the country to another without the
permission of the colonial government.
An African was required to have a pass in order to be allowed to live in town (chitupa).
Africans were only employed to do low jobs such as clerical work, mining or farm labour.
African children went to separate schools from those of white children. School for African
children were very poor
Africans who were employed on the mines were not allowed to live with their wives and
children.
Africans were not allowed to enter some shops. They bought goods through the
windows. This was called the hatch system.
Africans lived in separate residential areas from whites. Whites lived in good areas while
Africans were in p0or areas.
Africans were not allowed to own big businesses. The only form of business Africans
were allowed to run tea carts.

2 (a) Functions
Promoting unity and solidarity of the African states
Coordinating efforts to achieve a better life for the peoples of Africa.
Defending independence.
Getting rid of all forms of colonialism from Africa.
Promoting international cooperation
Speeding up the political and socio-economic integration of African countries.
Promoting and defending common positions on matters of interest to Africa.

(b) Promoting peace, security and stability on the continent.

Promoting democratic principles and Institutions and good governance.
Promoting and protecting the rights of people.
Creating the necessary conditions for Africa to play its rightful role in the global economy
and in international negotiations.
Promoting sustainable development

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Promoting cooperation in all fields of human activity to raise the living standards of
African peoples.
Advancing the development of the continent by promoting research in all fields, in
particular in science and technology.
Working with international partners to stop preventable diseases and to promote good
health on the continent.

3 (a) Goods are produced by the manufacturer or the producer from the manufacturing
industry.
From the producer, goods are bought by the wholesaler who buys in large quantities. He
or she is the middle person.
The wholesaler provides transport when buying goods from the manufacturer
The manufacturer will deliver the goods to the wholesaler.
The wholesaler breaks the bulk and packs the goods into smaller units which are then
bought by the retailer.
The retailer is a trader who buys goods from the wholesaler for sale to consumers.
A wholesaler provides storage or warehousing facilities for goods not immediately
needed but may be required at a later date.

(b) Information about how popular a certain commodity can be obtained from a wholesaler.
This enables the producer to make the right kind of goods in the right quantities
A wholesaler buys in bulk from the producer and breaks the bulk before selling to the
retailer who may not have enough money to buy huge quantities directly from the
producer.
A wholesaler provides a showroom where customers can view the goods which are not
yet available on the market.

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EXAMINATION COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

JUNIOR SECONDARY LEAVING EXAMINATION (GRADE 9) – 2019
Social Studies 207/1
Paper 1
(INTERNAL CANDAIDATES)

Study the map extract of Kalomo and answer questions 1 to 6.

1 The four-figure grid reference of the Post Office in Kalomo is ...

A 1745.
B 1746.
C 4517,
D 4617.

2 What is the distance along the sichikwenkwe River from the dam in grid square 4315 to the
bridge in grid square 4217?
A 1.7 km
B 2.7 km
C 3.7 km
D 4.7 km

3 The bearing of the Middle Stone Age in grid square 4117 from Namwianga Mission in grid square
4313 is .
A 45
B 135
C 225
D 315

4 In which general direction does the Sichikwenkwe River flow?

A North East
B North West
C South East
D South West

5 The vertical interval on the map of Kalomo is.

A 10m.
B 20m.
C 30m
D 40m.

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6 According to the map evidence, what is the dominant vegetation of Kalomo?

A Grassland
B Forest
C Light forest
D Open bush and tree grassland
C

Study the map below and answer question 7.

7 What name is given to the sets of lines drawn on the map labelled X?
A Isobars
B Isohyets
C Isonephs
D Isotherms

8 Why does the Luangwa valley receives low rainfall? It.

A is a mountainous area.
B is far from the moist winds.
C has very high temperatures
D is on the wind ward side.

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Study the pie chart below and answer questions 9 and 10.

9 Which crop ranks second on the pie chart after the main crop?
A Cotton B Maize
C Tobacco D Wheat

10 The name of the crop which is both commercial and subsistence on the chart is
A cotton. B maize.
C tobacco. D wheat.

Study the map below and answer questions 11 and 12.

11 Which tourist site on the map has the following activities; canoeing, white water rafting, bungee
jumping and water safaris?
A Site A
B Site B
C Site C
D Site D

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12 Which tourist site on the map is a bird sanctuary?

A Site A
B Site B
C Site C
D Site D

13 Which of the following is not a reason for carrying out a national census
A control the population growth.
B find out the employment status,
C find out the size of the population.
D know the proportion of foreigners.

14 The effect of rural-urban migration on rural areas leads to.

A increase in crime.
B increase in the young population.
C reduced productivity.
D strengthened family ties.

15 Which other province is copper mining in Zambia apart from Copperbelt?

A Luapula
B Lusaka
C Southern
D Western

16 Why has Zambia not benefited fully from the mining industry?
A Minerals are non-renewable resources.
B The mining industry has high running costs.
C Zambia does not have high quality minerals.
D Zambia exports minerals as raw materials.

Study the pie chart below and answer questions 17 and 18.

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17 What percentage makes up wood fuel?

A 22%
B 56%
C 78%
D 80%

18 Which of the power sources shown on the pie chart is renewable?

A Coal
B Electricity
C Petroleum
D Wood

19 Which of the following industrial activities is an example of a primary industry?

A Brewin9
B Canning
C Fishing
D Milling

20 Which one of the following factors does not affect the location of an industry?
A Capital
B Labour
C Power supply
D Raw materials

21 Correct and more accurate information about the past can be gathered by using
A Anthropology.
B Archaeology.
C Oral tradition.
D Written records.

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Study charts A and B below and answer questions 22 to 23.

22 According to chart A, about how many years ago did life begin in the sea?
A 1000 000 000 years
B 2 000 000 000 years
C 3000 000 000 years
D 4000 000 000 years

23 Which giant reptile does chart B above refer to?

A Amphibians
B Apes
C Dinosaur
D Mammals

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24 The correct order of development of creatures from Early Stone Age to Late. Stone Age is …
A Bushman -------> Broken Hillman -----------> Homo habilis.
B Bushman --------> Homo habilis --------------> Broken Hillman.
C Homo habilis ----------> Broken Hillman -----------> Bushman.
D Homo habilis --------> Bushman ------------> Broken Hillman.

25 2½ centuries is equivalent to ..
A 2 and half years.
B 25years.
C 50 years.
D 250 years.

26 In which stage did man discover better tools for hunting?

A Early Stone Age
B Late Stone Age
C Middle Stone Age
D Pre-history Age

27 What tool did the San (Bushmen) people use for digging?
A Bored Stone
B Hand Axe
C Pebble Tools
D Scrapers

Study the map below and answer questions 28 and 29.

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28 Name the regions A and B on the map where farming began.

A Euphrates and Tigris
B Iraq and Shanider
C Meroe and Kush
D Nile valley and Mesopotamia

29 What are he current names of the areas Axum and Kush on the map?
A Ethiopia and Egypt
B Ethiopia and Sudan
C Sudan and Egypt
D Sudan and Somalia

30 Among the Ila, inheritance was through matrilineal lines. In this case when a man dies, he was
supposed to be succeeded by his
A elder brother.
B eldest daughter.
C eldest son.
D nephew.

31 The most dominant Bantu groups in the northern Zambia by the 17h and 18" centuries were..
A Bemba and Mambwe.
B Chewa and Tumbuka.
C Lunda and Luvale.
D Tonga and Ila.

32 Name two kingdoms associated with the Chewa people.

A Mwenemutapa and Undi
B Kazembe and Kalonga
C Undi and Kalonga
D Zulu and Kalonga

33 Where did the Chewa establish their capital?

A Makanja
B Makewane
C Mano
D Masinja

34 Which countries below were jointly called the 'slave coast?

A Ghana, Senegal and Gambia
B Senegal, Ivory Coast and Ghana
C Togo, Benin and Nigeria
D Togo, Cameroon and Gambia.

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35 Which explorer was responsible for the exploration of the Niger River?
A David Livingstone
B Henry Morton Stanley
C John Speke
D Mungo Park

36 In which year did the explorer who explored the named Niger River?
A 1873
B 1871
C 1806
D 1795

37 Which of the following treaties was signed between Lobengula and the Boers?
A Globber Treaty
B Moffat Treaty
C Rudd Concession
D Ware Concession

38 Why did Africans resist colonialism? Because.

A they were not allowed to marry more women.
B they disliked the building of girls boarding schools.
C it brought more development
D of loss of land and taxation.

39 The two famous leaders of the Central African Federation from 1953 and 1963 were.
A Godfrey Huggins and Roy Welensky.
B Ian Smith and Evelyn Hone.
C John Cecil Rhodes and Alfred Sharpe.
D Nelson Mandela and Kenneth Kaunda.

40 Between 1964 and 2014, Zambia has been ruled by ..

A Kenneth Kaunda, Frederick Chiluba, Levi Mwanawasa, Michael Sata and Edgar Lungu.
B Kenneth Kaunda, Frederick Chiluba, Levi Mawanawasa, Rupiah Banda and Michael Sata.
C Kenneth Kaunda, Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula, Simon Mwansa Kapwepwe, Frederick
Chiluba and Michael Sata.
D Simon Mwansa Kapwepwe, Kenneth Kaunda, Frederick Chiluba, Levi Mwanawasa and
Michael Sata.

41 Civic Education covers a lot of issues that are of concern to the communities such as violence or
drug abuse. This is an example of.
A economic issues.
B legal issues.
C religious issues.
D social issues.

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42 What was the main aim of the British policy for African education?
A create native resources
B enlighten the Africans
C prepare Africans for independence
D serve the British settlers

43 The country's motto is "One Zambia, One Nation" which emphasises the need
A heritage.
B independence
C sovereignty.
D unity.

44 A characteristic of good governance which requires that every citizen regardless of their status
be treated equally before the law is called …
A accountability.
B inclusive.
C responsiveness.
D rule of law.

45 If a government official performs an act not allowed by the Constitution, the act is said to be.
A Constitutional.
B dictatorial.
C null and void.
D undemocratic.

46 Which of the following is not an example of a patriotic citizen?

A Betraying the country for the sake of personal gain
B Does not get involved in activities that may disrupt peace
C Protecting the interest of the nation
D Reporting any activity that may put the security of the nation at risk

47 Which of following is a disadvantage of one-Party Political system

A Absence of differing views from the opposition parties
B Candidates during elections are voted on individual merit.
C Long term national planning is easier.
D Inefficient leaders cannot easily be replaced.

48 What name is given to the paper that shows names and symbols of candidates during elections?
A Ballot paper
B Campaign paper
C Election paper
D Nomination paper

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49 Which of the following is a diplomatic function of the Executive?

A Appointment promotion and suspension of civil servants
B Execute laws made by the Legislature
C Negotiating treaties and international conventions
D Preparing the blueprint of the policy in form of bills

50 Who is the head of the House of Chiefs? Chairperson ..

A appointed by the President.
B elected among members of the house.
C elected by Members of Parliament.
D elected by the chiefs countrywide.

51 In the year 2000, the inflation rate in Zambia was 329%%. This means that an item that cost
K25.00 in 1999 will cost... in 2000.
A K8.0o
B K33.00
C K40.00
D K57.00

52 Study the table below and answer the question that follows.
Item Amount
(Zmk)
income 1 500.00
Expenditure
Pocket money 100.00
Lunch 200.00
Bus fare 300.00
Books 150.00
Tuition 250.00
Total Expense 1 000.00
Saving 500.00

what type of a budget is shown above?

A Corporate budget
B Family budget
C National budget
D Personal budget

53 Local trade is the buying and selling of goods and services within a country.
What is the other name for the type of trade described above?
A Domestic trade
B Global trade
C International trade
D Regional trade

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54 The right to education is an example of .. category of human rights.

A First generation
B Fourth generation
C Second generation
D Third generation

55 Which of the following can help increase the number of women participation in decision making
positions?
A Cultural aspects
B lack of support
C Male dominance
D Positive discrimination

56 Mr Shunga has been fined for over speeding. When his friend, a senior traffic police officer
learnt about the fine, he cancelled the fine. This is an example of
A bribery.
B cronyism.
C nepotism.
D tribalism.

57 An attempt to wipe out an area of the unwanted ethnic grouping using deportation, intimidation
or mass murder is referred to as.
A ethnic cleansing.
B ethnic genocide.
C ethnic victimisation.
D tribal discrimination.

Study the emblem below and answer the questions that follow.

58 Which regional organisation uses the emblem shown in the picture above?
A African Union
B Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
C Southern African Development Community
D United Nations

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59 In 2002, the regional organisation mentioned in question 58 rebranded itself by changing its
name and objectives to the current ones. Which of the following is one of the new objectives?
A Focusing on political and economic unity as well as democracy and human rights
B Getting rid of all forms of colonialism and white minority rule
C Promoting the interests of African leaders above those of the general public
D Supporting the struggle for liberation in the African countries still under colonial rule

60 Which of the following organs of the United Nations is responsible for settling disputes among
member states?
A The General Assembly
B The International Court of Justice
C The Secretariat
D The Security Council

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EXAMINATION COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

JUNIOR SECONDARY LEAVING EXAMINATION (GRADE 9) – 2019
Social Studies 207/2
Paper 2
(INTERNAL CANDAIDATES)

SECTION A [30 MARKS]

Answer all questions in this section.

Write all your answers in the Answer Booklet provided

1 (a) Name the type of rainfall depicted in the diagram above.

(b) Which specific area in Zambia usually has such type of rainfall?

(c) Describe two differences in rainfall activity of the opposite sides or the mountain.

(d) In which season does the rain condition above Occur in Zambia?

(e) Give two reasons why the farming practices would fail in the area marked B.

(f) State two other factors that cause rainfall to vary in Zambia.

(g) Identify an important rain bearing wind to Zambia.

[10 marks

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2 Study the picture below and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name the source of learning about the past illustrated in the picture above.
(b) How was information transmitted from as shown in the picture above? generation to
another
(c) Suggest one advantage of using the method of learning about the past mentioned in 1 (a)
(d) What was the disadvantage of relying on the source of history mentioned in 1 (a)?
(e) Apart from the source of history illustrated in the picture, state three other sources.
(f) Which method of learning about the past enabled historians to trace the origins of
people
(g) The man who studied about the past in Zambia was

(h) The earliest writing which was invented by the Ancient Egyptians was known as.

[10 marks]

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3 Study the pie Chart below showing the percentage of human right abuse cases recorded at
Chanda Police Station and answer the questions that follow

(a) what are human rights?

(b) What is the percentage of girls who experienced human rights abuses in Chanda Police
Station area as shown in the pie chart above?

(c) Using the information above, state the group of people that recorded the highest cases
of violations at Chanda Police station.

(d) Why did the group mentioned in C record the highest percentage of human rights abuse
cases?

(e) Name any one from of violation against boys.

(f) One of the common cases of abuse recorded against girls in Chanda Police Station was
defilement. The term defilement means ...

(g) State any effect of defilement on the girl child.

(h) Which Non-Governmental organisation promotes the education of the girl child in
Zambia?

(i) Some men in Zambia today are victims of GBV in homes. Three letters GBV stand for?

[10 marks]

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SECTION B (SHORT ESSAYS)- (30 Marks)

There are three parts in this section. Answer one question from each part.

PART ONE

1 (a) Define the renewable energy giving two specific examples,

(b) Discuss important roles the energy regulation Board plays in the energy sector.

(c) Why should Biogas be taken as the most sure reliable rural energy source?

[10 marks]

2 (a) What does processing industry do?

(b) Contrast a labor-intensive industry to a capital intensive one.

(c) How does the Nakambala Sugar Estate use both the labour and capital-intensive
industry?

[10 marks

3 (a) State different types of population migration which take place in Zambia.

(b) What are the effects of HIV and AIDS in Zambia?

[10 marks]

PART TWO

1 Describe the kingdom of Undi under the following:

(a) origin,

(b) Expansion and rise,

[10 marks]
2 Write an account of David Livingstone's work in Central Africa with reference to the following;
(a) aims,
(b) 1st Journey,

[10 marks]

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3 With reference to John Chilembwe Uprising of 1915, Write brief notes on two of the following:

(a) Racial discrimination,

(b) Land shortage/ famine,

(c) World War One,

(d) Mistreatment of farm labourers.

[10 marks]

PART THREE

1 (a) Democratic governance means.

(b) Describe the features of democracy?

[1O marks]

2 (a) Discuss the chain of distribution in Home trade.

(b) Explain the role of the wholesaler in trade.

(10 marks]

3 (a) Explain two of following forms of conflicts giving examples.

(i) Gender conflict

(ii) Ethnic conflict

(iii) Class conflict

(iv) Inter-state conflict

(b) Describe any two effects of conflicts on the rights of girls and women in the world today.

[10 marks

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ANSWERS FOR SOCIAL STUDIES PAPER 1 – 2019

1. C 11. B 21. B 31. A 41. D 51. B
2. B 12. D 22. B 32. C 42. D 52. D
3. D 13. A 23. C 33. C 43. D 53. A
4. D 14. C 24. C 34. C 44. D 54. C
5. B 15. B 25. D 35. D 45. C 55. D
6. B 16. D 26. B 36. FREE 46. A 56. B
7. D 17. C 27. A 37. A 47. D 57. A
8. B 18. B 28. D 38. D 48. A 58. A
9. D 19. C 29. B 39. A 49. C 59. A
10. B 20. B 30. D 40. B 50. B 60. B

ANSWERS FOR SOCIAL STUDIES PAPER 2 – 2019

SECTION A (30 MARKS)

1 A Relief or orographic
B Escarpments (Muchinga, Zambezl)
Mountains (Mbala, Makutu)
C The wind facing side warm and wet
Leewood/opposite is hot and dry
D Summer
E Mountain slopes the soil is thin
Area B is a rain shadow (dry) bringing little rainfall
F Distance from sea
Distance from equator / Latitude
G North westerly or Congo air

2 A Oral tradition
B Word of mouth
C Not very reliable as original message tends to' change over the years
Easy to forget
written down for reference etc.
D Not very reliable as original message
Tends to be changed after the years
E Written records
Ancient remains / Archeology
Linguistic
F Linguistic
G Desmond Clarke
H Herographic

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3 A Human rights are lawful claims or benefits which citizens acquire from the community.
B 35%
C Women
D (i) Cultural beliefs and practices
(ii) Lack of education on human rights
(iii) Greediness and selfishness
(iv) Generally, women are regarded to be weak and inferior
(v) High levels of illiteracy on women
E Child labour, corporal punishment, sordomy
F Defilement means having sexual intercourse with a girl below the age of 16.
G Spread of STIs and HIV/AIDS
Early marriages
Teenage pregnancies
Psychological trauma
H FAWEZA (Foundation for African Women Educationalist in Zambia)
I Gender Based Violence

SECTION B (Short essays) (30 marks)

Part One
1 (a) Renewable energy is one whose material (water, wind, manure) to make it are re-used.
Hydroelectric power, wind, Biomass (any two)
(b) Roles/functions of Energy Regulation Board
 Monitor performance of energy
 Regulate price of energy
 Protect customers from exploitation
 Approve sites for energy plant
(c) There is plenty of organic manure, food matter to produce methane.

2 (a) Processing industry works on raw matter in a factory to have a product.

(b) Labour intensive

 Relies on human labour/casual work
 Employs large numbers to produce a product
Capital intensive
 Machines used to do work for many people
 Few people used have skills

(c) Nakambala Sugar Estate

 Thousands of casual workers engaged
 Planting, harvesting are done by people
 Machines do the ploughing/transport the produce

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 Modern irrigation system

3 (a) Rural – Rural

Rural – Urban
Urban – Urban
Urban – Rural
Rural – Urban

(b) Prostitution
Death
Reduces population
Child headed homes
Too many orphans and widows/widowers
Disintegration of families
Poverty
[Mark any other valid answer 5]

Part Two

1 (a) Describe the kingdom of Undi under the following headings:

Origin,
 Originated from earlier kingdom in present day Malawi
 In mid 1500s Kalonga and his young brother Undi were involved in a succession dispute.
 Undi left Kalonga's kingdom and established his new kingdom in Mano an area in
Mozambique south or Katete.

Expansion and rise.

 He embarked on military conquest of surrounding tribes.
 Undi had control over Mkanda's Chewa, the Nsenga of Petauke district and the Chewa
North of Tete.
 At its greatest extent Undi's kingdom included much of Zambia's Eastern Province,
Mozambique's tete's district and present-day Malawi's central region.

Reasons for his expansion and rise include

 Religion
 Undi controlled rain making shrines of Masinja in Lilongwe and Luangwa valley; he
established female rain maker called Makewana at Masinja to be in charge e of the
shrine and spiritual centre of the Chewe people.
 Religious centre of the Chewa people was controlled, maintained and protected by Undi
 It made people respect and fear his people.

(b) Political stability -Undi was able to win the support and loyalty of his subordinate chiefs
because of foreign trade items he redistributed to them. Undi also had trade monopoly.

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(c) Kept power largely in the hands of his own Phiri can. Subordinate chiefs became loyal
because of relationship ties. This eliminated succession disputes.

(d) Economic reasons-rich in natural resources like iron, gold, wild animals and ivory. He
exchanged ivory with the Portuguese items such as guns, gun powder, beads, bracelets,
cloth and sea shells.

(e) Portuguese gold mining in Undi's kingdom become important in the mid 17005.
Portuguese and their agents the Chikunda would dig the gold and get their share for
labour and gave the rest to Undi.

(d) Slave trade-It had become important and profitable. Slaves were being captured and
sold to the Portuguese inreased Undi's powers.

2 Write an account of David Livingstone’s work, first journey and the results of Central Africa
with reference to the following:

Aims
 To civilize
 To explore the Zambezi
 TO open up Central Africa to missionary work
 To find out about African River system
 To explore the evils of salve trade
 Commerce (Trade)

First Journey (1852 -1856)

 Began his first journey of exploration in 1852. He travelled north passing through
Kuruman Koholeng and Mobotsa until he reached Linyati
 At the end of 1853 he travelled to the west coast of Southern Africa. He reached Luanda
and met the Portuguese ambassador
 In 1854 he returned to Linyati. After resting for some months, he travelled downstream
along the Zambezi River in 1855. On this journey he became the first European to see the
waterfalls known locally as Mos-o-tunya.
 In 1856, he reached Quelimane in Mozambique and salled back to England.

3 With reference to John Chilembwe uprising of 1915, write brief notes on two of the following:
 Racial discrimination
 Land shortage/famine
 Hut tax
 World War One
 Mistreatment of farm labourers

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Racial discrimination
Africans were denied the right of being trained for responsible jobs in government.
They were not allowed to elect their own African representatives in the legislative council.
African interest against white settlers particularly the cruel estate owners not being protected.

Land shortage / Famine

he overcrowding in many areas is Nyasaland caused famine in 1913.

Land shortage
The best land in the shire highlands had been taken away by the white farmers, This created an
acute land shortage which was made worse with arrival of Africa migrants from Mozambique.
This was deep source of discontent among the African people of Malawi.

World war one

The immediate cause of the 1915 rebellion was the recruitment of Africans by the British to
serve as soldiers and porters when the First World War against Germany broke out.
Chilembwe protested against the death of so many Africans in a Whiteman’s war.
Chilembwe was especially bitter that the families of Africans who were killed in the war still had
to pay taxes.

Mistreatment of farm labourers

African labourers on white farms were treated badly by white supervisors. For example on large
Bruce Estate, the supervisor W. J Livingstone treated their workers very cruelly and unfairly.
Not only were they made to work long hours for very little pay, they also had to pay rent for
setting on white farms while also having to pay hut taxes to the government.

Part Three

1 (a) Democratic governance means

Meaning of democracy
Democratic governance is a type of leadership where citizens are free to participate in national
affairs and choose their own leaders.

(b) Describe the Features of democracy

 Free and fair elections
 People choose leaders through elections
 Respect for human rights
 Respect for the rule of law
 Separation of powers
 Free and fair trial
 Freedom of assembly and association
 Freedom of expression
 Free press

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 Multipartism

2 (a) Discuss the chain of distribution in home trade.

Chain of distribution
 The manufacturer or producer produces or extracts raw materials
 and turns them into finished goods.
 The manufacturer sells to the wholesaler in bulk.
 The wholesaler the breaks the bulk and sells to the retailer in small packs.
 The retailer then breaks the bulk and sells to the consumer into smaller quantities.
 The consumer buys goods for consumption and use.

(b) Explain the role of the wholesaler in trade.

Role/ Functions of the wholesaler

 To buy goods from the manufacturer
 To advise the manufacturer on the goods produced
 To offer transport to the retailer
 To break the bulk
 To act as a liaison between the manufacturer and the retailer
 To store goods in the warehouse.

3 (a) Explain two of the following forms of conflicts

 Gender conflict is the misunderstandings between male and female when men feel
superior to women
 Ethnic conflict is a misunderstanding between two or more tribal groups
 Class conflict is a misunderstanding between the rich and the poor or the employers and
the employee.
 Inter-state conflict is a misunderstanding between two countries or more.

(b) Effects of conflict on girls and women

 Leads to death
 Increases cases of sexual violence
 High poverty levels and diseases
 Displacement from homes

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EXAMINATION COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

JUNIOR SECONDARY LEAVING EXAMINATION (GRADE 9) – 2020
Social Studies 207/1
(INTERNAL CANDAIDATES)

SECTION A [40 MARKS]

Answer all question in this section in the Answer Booklet provided by putting cross (X) on the letter
you have chosen as your answer
Study the map extract of the town of Kalomo and answer questions 1 to 6.
1 What is the six figure grid reference of the bridge along the Great North Road on the
sichikwenkwe River
A 172 429
B 179 422
C 422 179
D 429 172

2 Which of the following man-made feature is found in grid square 4112?

A Dam
B Power line
C Rail way
D Road

3 The distance along the Great North Road from grid square 4015 to the bridge in grid square
4217 is..
A 2.0 Km.
B 2.5 km.
C 3.0 km.
D 3.5 km.

4 Which of the following is the dominant vegetation in grid square 4509?

A Forest
B Grassland
C Light forest
D Scattered cultivation

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Study the area in the grid squares showing part of the map extract and answer question 5.

5 According to the map evidence, what is the dominant social economic activity practiced in the
area shown?
A Education
B Farming
C Tourism
D Transport

6 Which one of the following service is not offered in Kalomo?

A Air transport
B Mining
C Road transport
D Tourism

Study the diagram below and answer question 7.

7 What is the name of the weather apparatus above?

A Anemometer
B Barometer
C Hygrometer
D Thermometer

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Study the farming tools below and answer questions 8 to 9.

8 The main farming system associated with these hand tools is

A extensive cattle rearing.
B intensive rice cultivation.
C settled cultivation.
D shifting cultivation.

9 Which of these crops are grown under the farming system mentioned in question 8?
A Beans, groundnuts, sorghum, millet
B Groundnuts, rice, millet sorghum
C Millet, wheat, sorghum, groundnuts
D Wheat, barley, millet, sorghum

Study the map below and answer questions 10 to 12.

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10 The main reason the shaded area X does not favour cattle rearing is that…
A the area is too dry and hot for animals.
B there are few people to provide market for animal products.
C the surrounding mountains provide inadequate pasture.
D tsetse flies spread diseases for animals in the area.

11 Lake Y was formed as a result of …

A erosion of the land by water
B man blocking the water on the river,
C removal of upper soil by wind.
D Sinking of land between the faults.

12 The main use of river Z is

A domestic water Supply.
B provision of electricity.
C purposes of irrigation.
D tourism purposes.

13 Urban areas are densely populated because of the following reasons except.
A employment opportunities
B improved medical facilities.
C more tertiary education facilities
D Well developed agricultural methods.

14 Which one of the following is a "pull factor" in the migration process?

A Employment opportunities
B Poor health facilities
C Shortage of grave sites
D Shortage of housing

15 Which of the following were forms of writing in ancient times

A Artefacts, fossil and shading
B Diaries, dictionaries and Encyclopedia
C Scrolls, papyrus and hieroglyphics.
D Written records, libraries and caved stones.

16 What event in history separates the period BC and AD?

A Beginning of life in the sea
B Birth of Christ
C Death of Christ
D Evolution of the Earth

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17 The earliest evidence of living organisms on earth was in form of …

A giant reptiles.
B homo-sapiens.
C multi-cellular organisms.
D single celled organisms.

18 why do human and some species of Apes share many similarities? It is because they have
common.
A ancestors.
B dental formula.
C diet.
D skeleton,

19 The advantage the Middle Stone-Age man had over the earlier creatures was the ability to…
A hunt bigger animals.
B make and use Tire.
C make and use iron tools.
D sleep in caves.

Study the picture below and answer question 20.

20 What method of hunting is depicted in the picture

A Chasing the animal in the direction of hiding men
B Dressing in animal skins and pretend to be animals
C rapping the animal method
D Using the hunting dogs

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Study the picture below and answer question 21.

21 In which period during the development of man were the items depicted above used?
A Early Stone Age
B Iron Age
C Late Stone Age
D Middle Stone Age

Study the map below and answer questions 22 and 23.

22 Identify the river marked T on the map.

A Euphrates
B Niger
C Nile
D Tigris

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23 which letter on the map represents a region called Mesopotamia?

A P
B Q
C R
D S

24 Ukusefya pa N'gwena' is an annual traditional ceremony associated with

A Chitimukulu.
B Litunga.
C Mpezeni.
D Mwata Kazembe.

Study the cartoon below and answer question 25.

25 Name the imperialist depicted in the picture who had the dream of controlling Africa
A David Livingstone
B Henry Mortan Stanley
C John Cecil Rhodes
D Roy Welensky

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Study the picture below and answer question 26 and 27

26 Which country did the man depicted in the picture lead to independence?
A Angola
B Malawi
C South Africa
D Zimbabwe

27 For how many years did he rule his country?

A 15 years
B 20 years
C 28 years
D 38 years

28 In which year did Noth Western Rhodesia come under the direct rule of the British South African
(BSA) Company
A 1890
B 1895
C 1897
D 1899

29 The members of various clubs in Nasankha village usually come together to freely discuss and
offer solutions to challenges affecting them in the community. This is good example of ...
democracy
A Centralised
B direct
C indirect
D representative

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30 What concept is used to explain the changing of a constitution?

A Amendment
B Enactment
C Legislation
D Referendum

31 Marjory qualified to obtain her National Registration Card (NRC) in 2019. In which year was
Marjory born?
A 2000
B 2002
C 2003
D 2005

32 A document that contains policies, principles ideas, opinions and strategies of a political party is
known as a .
A Charter.
B Covenant.
C Hansard.
D Manifesto.

33 Which electoral stage comes before and after nomination of candidates?

A Election campaign
B Polling day
C Registration of voters
D Verification of results

34 The title given to a Member of Parliament who is charged with the responsibility of maintaining
discipline in the House is called the.
A Chief Whip.
B Opposition Leader.
C Speaker.
D Sergeant at Arms.

35 The principle which states that Cabinet Ministers must work together and speak with one voice
is known as
A collective bargainin9.
B collective responsibility.
C community responsibility.
D community service.

36 Similundu was found guilty of having insulted his neighbour. The courts of law made him serve
his sentence outsides prison. What punishment was this man given?
A A Writ of Habeas Corpus B Freedom to trespass
C Suspended sentence D Concurrent sentence

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37 The Chief Administrative Officer of a City Council is called the ...

A Council Chairman. B Council Secretary.
C Mayor. D Town Clerk.

38 Musole fought with his wife Enala over a domestic issue. Enala rushed to the kitchen to pick up a
knife which she used to stab her husband to death. In which category does the right violated in
this case fall?
A Civil and Political Rights B Collective Rights
C Economic, Social and Cultural Rights D Third Generation Rights

39 The kind of conflict which causes tension between employers and employees is referred to as...
conflict.
A confrontation B class
C domestic D gender

40 Which priority area of the activities of the United Nations is reflected in the organisation of
emergency relief in form of food, water and shelter in countries affected by war?
A Education B Health
C Humanitarian work D Peace keeping

SECTION B (30 MARKS)

Answer all questions in this section. Write all your answers in the Answer Booklet provided.
1 Study the diagram below.

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(a) Name towns P and Q.

(b) What is the traditional farming system practised in the area R?

(c) Name two food crops grown in the traditional farming system mentioned in question (b)

(d) What is the name of the physical feature in area S?

(e) State three differences in traditional farming systems practised in areas R and $?

(f) Suggest one way in which farming in area R can be made more productive.
[10)
2 The pictures below show the drawings made by the people of the Late Stone-Age period in
Zambia. Study the pictures and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name the people who made the drawings depicted above.
(b) At what time during their day to day activities did they make these drawings?
(c) What name did they give to the type of drawing depicted Picture A?
(d) Why was picture A given the name you mentioned in (c)?
(e) Name a place in Zambia where the type of drawings depicted in picture A have been
found.
(f) What name was given to the type of drawings depicted in picture B? [1]
(g) How did the pictures depicted in B look like?
(h) Why have there been no discoveries of the late stone-age paintings in the Western
Province of Zambia?
(i) Name one material the Late stone-Age people used as paint for their drawings.
(j) Apart from the paintings, depicted above, what other types of paintings did the Late
Stone-Age people make?

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3 Study the picture below.

Questions
(a) What document is depicted in the picture?
(b) Identify two features that are found on the document mentioned in part (a).
(c) Why is the kwacha note being exchanged with the document?
(d) Suggest two reasons for prohibiting the act as indicated in the picture.
(e) Explain two effects of the above act on Zambia's governance system.
(f) How can a responsible Zambian citizen address the vice depicted in the picture?

SECTION C (Short essays) (30 marks)

There are three pats in this section. Answer one question from each part.

Part One

1 (a) Describe the general effects of deforestation in Zambia.

(b) Suggest ways the forests can be conserved in Zambia.
[10]
2 (a) Discuss the effects of the large population in towns in Zambia.
(b) Explain the effects of HIV and AIDS on the urban population of Zambia.
[10]
3 (a) How does the country benefit from tourism?
(b) Describe the ways in which the government of Zambia is promoting tourism.

Part Two

1 Write about Homo-habilis under the following sub-headings:

(a) Discovery and physical appearance;
(b) Tools made and their use.
[10]

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2 Discuss the Lunda Kingdom of Mwata Kazembe under the following sub - headings:
(a) How the kingdom was formed;
(b) Economic organisation.

3 (a) Describe the organisation of the Triangular/Atlantic Slave Trade.

(b) Explain the factors that led to the abolition of the Triangular Slave Trade.

Part Three

1 (a) What is meant by symbols of national identity?

(b) Explain the economic activities that are reflected in the 'Symbols of National identity.

2 (a) Describe a Political Party.

(b) Why are political parties important in a democracy?

3 (a) Explain the concept Fundamental human rights

(b) How can a citizen help promote human rights?

ANSWERS FOR SOCIAL STUDIES – 2020

1. D 11. D 21. B 31. C
2. A 12. A 22. C 32. D
3. D 13. D 23. A 33. A
4. C 14. A 24. A 34. D
5. B 15. C 25. C 35. B
6. A 16. B 26. D 36. C
7. C 17. D 27. D 37. D
8. C 18. A 28. B 38. A
9. A 19. B 29. D 39. B
10. D 20. C 30. A 40. C

SECTION B (30 MARKS)

1 (a) Town P Mwinilunga
Town Q Mongu

(b) Chitemene system

Shifting cultivation
Subsistence farming
(c) Vegetables, cassava, millet, sorghum, beans, pumpkins, groundnut, sweet potatoes,
maize

(d) Bulozi flood plain/Zambezi flood plain.

(e) In area R they use ash as manure while in area S they use animal manure.

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In area R they grow groups only while in area S they grow crops and keep livestock as
well
In area R they cut off the branches of trees while in area S they do not cut off branches of
trees but make moulds.
In area S they use multi-system type of farming practise while in area R they do pot.

(f) Formation of provincial marketing unions which would provide loans for farmers to buy
seeds and fertilisers.
Provision of information and training on improved agricultural techniques to small scale
farmers.
Provision of information through radio and television like radio farm forum, Rural Note
Book, farm magazine on topics like crop husbandry, care of implements, etc.
Provision of transporting farmers' produce to markets quickly and paying the farmers
promptly.
Ensuring farming implements like seeds, fertilisers, chemicals are given to farmers before
the onset of farming season.

2 (a) The San

The Bushmen

(b) During their leisure or free time.

(c) Naturalistic

(d) Because the drawings were taken from nature or they drew things from nature.
They drew the way things appeared or looked like in nature.

(e) Nachikufu cave

Nsalcave
Mwela rocks
Kalambo falls

(f) Schematic

(g) They looked like mathematical symbols of rectangle, parallel line and squares.

(h) Because the area has no rocks

(i) Soil
Animal blood
Leaves

(j) Engraving
Dirty white wash

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3 (a) Voters card

(b) (i) Voter's photo/portrait

(ii) Name of the voter
(iii) National Registration Card number
(iv) Ward name
(v) Polling station

(c) Vote buying

(d) Vote buying is an offence

It is bribery
Vote buying is a form of electoral malpractice
Form of corruption

(e) Defranchising of the voters/electorates

The act may lead to interparty conflicts
The act undermines democracy

(f) Say no to corruption

whistle blowing-report all corruption cases to relevant authorities.

SECTION C (Short essays) (30 marks)

Part One
1 (a) Describe the general effects of deforestation in Zambia.
 Shortage of wood fuel (fire wood).
 wildlife like animals and birds lose home.
 There is reduction in the quality of the environment.
 Reduction in the amount of rainfall and water supply.
 Areas experience falling yields in forest products like timber, fruits, charcoal etc
 There is marked changes in climate such 8s increased average temperature, increase n
speed of local winds, etc.
 There is general destruction of biodiversity.
 Severe soil erosion is common which leads to land becoming less fertile and may turn
into desert.
(b) Suggest ways the forests can be conserved in Zambia.
 By establishing forest reserves.
 By regulating the cutting down of trees (deforestation).
 By using reforestation and afforestation methods.
 By using alternative renewable sources of energy like solar energy,
 Fire control/early burning
 Educating communities on the importance of caring for trees.
 Introduction of tree planting projects at school and community evets.

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2 (a) Discuss the effects of the large population in towns in Zambia.

 There is high unemployment.
 There is high dependency ratio.
 Heavy financial burden resulting in po0or living standards.
 There is high or over utilisation of resources.
 Shortage of housing units leading to development of slums and shanty compounds
(unplanned).
 There is difficulty in disposing garbage
 There is pressure on land.
 A lot of money is spent on the provision of medical and education facility.

(b) Explain ‘the effects of HIV and AIDS on the urban population of Zambia
 Increase in the elderly people who have not support.
 increase in prostitution.
 Increase in crime like stealing, robbery etc.
 Increase in death rate
 Increase in number of people who beg.

3 (a) How does the country benefit from tourism?

 Earns the country foreign exchange.
 Creates employment to the people of Zambia.
 it encourages conservation of both wildlife and historical sites.
 lt encourages infrastructural development eg. roads, hotels, motels promote Cultural
exchange
 Source of revenue for the government through taxes and custom

(b) Describe the ways in which the government of Zambia promoting tours
 Establishment of better roads to connect tourist Sites.
 Preservation/conservation of wildlife
 Advertising the tourism industry in overseas countries.
 improvement of cultural activities like traditional dances and Ceremonies
 Prohibiting wildlife poaching.
 Educating people on the importance of tourism.
 Encouraging the private sector participation.
 Promoting domestic tourism, leisure and recreation.
 Promoting initiatives for regional tourism.

Part Two
1 Write about Homo-habilis under the following sub-headings:
(a) Discovery and physical appearance
 Discovered in East Africa at Olduvai Gorge by Dr Louis Leakey.
 Looked like an Ape.
 His lower Jaw was chinless.

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 He had a brain capacity of about 900 to 1300 cubic centimetres.

 He was about 4 feet in height.
 He walked almost upright.
 ls teeth, hands and fingers were similar to man's.

(b) Tools made and their use.

 He was known as Handy-Man because of his Skill to make tools.
 He made tools by knocking two stones against each other to come up with different
shapes.
 He made a Pebble tool tor crushing and pounding.
 He made a hand for cutting and chopping.
 He also made a Cleaver for chopping and skinning animals

2 Discuss the Lunda Kingdom of Mwata Kazembe under the following sub-headings:
(a) How the kingdom was formed
 Originated from Mwata Yamvo
 Mutanda Yembe Yembe and Chinyanta began the process of formation.
 Nganda Bilonda later continued the process arnd became the first Mwata Kazembe
 The kingdom got established among the Shila people and the capital was at abombwe

(b) Economic organisation.

 Rich in natural resources.
 Various areas of the kingdom supplied different items, salt, ivory, iron, copper, fish, and
fertile soil.
 The kingdom was well positioned.
 Foreign traders were attracted from both the East and West.
 Conquered people added to the wealth of the kingdom by bringing tribute.

3 (a) Describe the organisation of the Triangular/ Atlantic slave trade.

 The trade took place in the Western part of Africa.
 The majority of the trade were on the Atlantic ocean.
 The trade had three main passages- the first was the movement from Europe to West
Africa.
 The second was the movement from West Africa to the New World and the final phase
was the movement from the new world to Europe.

(b) Explain the factors that led to the abolition of the Triangular Slave Trade.
 High mortality rate of the English.
 Success of the Negro revolts.
 Industrial revolution.
 Humanitarian campaign
 The enactment of some acts e.g. emancipation act and the ant - slave trade act.

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Part Three

1 (a) What is meant by symbols of national identity.

 Zambia’s symbols of national identity are the national flag, the National Anthem, Coat of
Arms and Independence Day.
 Symbols of national identity help citizens to identity the heritage and culture of the
country.
 Symbols of National identity give citizens a sense of belonging and pride.
 Furthermore, these symbols of National identity remind citizens of the common values,
Ideas and duties for their own benefit.

(b) Explain the economic activities that are reflected in the symbols of National identity.
The economic activities reflected in the symbols of national identity are seen in the following;
 The black colour on the 2Zambian flag represents the people of
 Zambia who are described as human resource. This that carry out various activities in the
country's economic Sectors.
 The green colour stands for the land and natural resources. Land is one of the factors of
production of goods and services.
 The orange colour depicts the various mining activities that are carried out in several
parts of the country. It is Supported by the mine shaft head.
 The hoe and pick are a reflection of the tools that are used by the efficient, skilled and
hardworking people of Zambia.
 The maize cob symbolises Zambia's agricultural activities in which a lot of formers are
involved as maize is Zambia's staple food.
 The zebra reflects Zambia's wildfire resource activities which attract tourists.
 The black and white wavy lines represent the Victoria Falls which is also a source of
income generated from tourism.

2 (a) Describe a Political Party.

 A political party is a voluntary association of people who share Similar political ideas
through the formation of an organisation that is aimed at promoting a political agenda.
 Political parties believe in different political and economic ideologies which are set out in
a party manifesto.

(b) Why are political parties important in a democracy?

In a democracy, political parties carry out several functions which include:
 Acting as link between government and the general citizen.
 Developing policies and programmes that reflect the wishes of their members.
 sensitizing citizens on matters relating to national affairs by holding public meetings or
rallies where they talk to the people directly.
 Monitoring government actions to ensure that the rate of law is followed.
 Making the principle of Separation of Powers effective. Opposition members of
parliament belong to the legislature which is part of the three arms of government.

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 Providing checks and balances. Opposition parties also offer constructive criticism to the
ruling party.
 Mobilizing and educating voters before elections so that they can choose leaders on
merit.
 Monitoring the voting activities to ensure that elections are conducted in a free, fair and
transparent manner,

3 (a) Explain the concept 'Fundamental human rights

 Human rights are entitlements that people enjoy simply because they are human beings.
 Entitlements are claims and freedoms that every human being enjoys regardless of one's
colour, religion, age, sex, status and geographical location.
 Human rights are universal which means that they are the same everywhere in the world
 These human rights are derived from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
of 1948

(b) How can a citizen help promote human rights?

A citizen can promote human rights by:
 Speaking out against violations of human rights such as child abuse.
 Reporting the people who break the law to the police.
 Joining Civil Society Organisations that promote human rights. In schools, learners can
actively participate in child rights clubs.
 Educating and sensitizing community members on their rights.
 Living by example through exercising respect for other people's rights. All rights must be
enjoyed with responsibilities.
 Participating in the electoral process by voting and monitoring the conduct of activities to
ensure free and fair elections.

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EXAMINATION COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

JUNIOR SECONDARY LEAVING EXAMINATION (GRADE 9) – 2021
Social Studies 207/1
(INTERNAL CANDAIDATES)

Section A [40 marks]

Answer all questions. Mark your answers with a cross (X) on the Answer Grid
provided in the Answer Booklet.
Study the map extract of the town of Kapiri Mposhi and answer questions 1 to 6.
1 What is the six figure grid reference of Lochanika village?
A 627 848
B 628 857
C 848 627
D 858 627

2 The distance of the railway from the Northern edge of map in grid square 7866 to the rail
crossing in grid square 7963 is ...
A 1.2km.
B 2.2km.
C 3.2km.
D 4.2km.

3 The height of Mulowa village above sea level is...

A 1 220 metres.
B 1 240 metres.
C 1 260 metres.
D 1 280 metres.
Study the area in the grid squares showing part of the map below and answer question 4.

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4 Why are people not allowed to settle in the area shown? It is a ...
A cultivation area.
B fishing camp.
C forest reserve area.
D grazing land.

5 According to map evidence, the general settlement pattern for Kapiri Mposhi is…
A dispersed.
B isolated.
C linear
D nucleated.

6 According to map evidence, which service is not offered by Kapiri Mposhi?

A Education
B Mining
C Security
D Transport

Study the following diagram and answer questions 7 and 8.

7 Name the type of rainfall shown above.

A Convectional
B Convergence
C Orographic
D Relief

8 What is the name of the line marked X?

A International dateline
B Intertropical convergence zone
C Isohets
D Isotherms

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9 Which of the following is a rift valley lake?

A Bangweulu
B Kariba
C Itezhi-tezhi
D Tanganyika

Study the following map and answer questions 10 and 11.

10 What is the name of the crop grown in irrigated area P?

A Cotton
B Groundnuts
C Maize
D Sugarcane

11 What is the name of the farming area practiced in irrigated area P?

A Kawambwa plantation
B Mpongwe plantation
C Mununshi plantation
D Nakambala plantation

12 Which of the following crops is a cereal?

A Cotton
B Groundnuts
C Maize
D Sunflower

13 Which of the following factors does not affect population distribution?

A Distance
B Natural resource
C Rainfall
D Relief

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14 Which of the following is a positive effect of rapid population growth?

A Availability of labour
B Overcrowding
C Poor sanitation
D Scramble for resources

15 Gathering information about the social organisation and cultural values of a particular society to
help explain the past is called ...
A anthropology.
B archaeology.
C genetics
D palaeontology.

16 Which one of the following calculations correctly changes the year AD 184 to a century?
A AD 184
+ 1___
2nd Century

B AD 184
+ 1___
19th Century

C AD 184
+ 1___
17th Century

D AD 184
+ 1
5th Century
Study the following picture and answer questions 17 and 18.

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17 What term is used to refer to the stages of development shown in the picture?
A Advancement B Evolution
C Reincarnation D Revolution

18 The archaeologist responsible for the study of the developmental process shown in the picture is
..
A Charles Darwin. B Desmond Clark.
C Dr Louis Leakey. D Professor Raymond Dart.

19 Bantu languages and cultures developed from the.

A Great Lakes region. B Katanga region.
C Niger/Buenue region. D Nile valley region.

20 In a Lenje society, if a chief died, he would be succeeded by his brother's eldest son or nephew.
This type of succession is called…
A matrilineal. B patrilineal.
C uxorilocal. D virolocal.

21 Clan names such as 'Bene Mbwa', the doq clan', 'Bene Nguni', 'the bird clan' and Bene Nkalamu,
the lion clan' are associated with the ... people,
A Bemba B ila
C Lenje D Soli
Study the following map and answer questions 22 and 23.

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22 Name the centralised state that dominated the shaded region on the map by the mid 19th
Century.
A Bemba Kingdom
B Kazembe Kingdom
C Mwatayamvo Kingdom
D Undi Kingdom

23 What is the hereditary title for the rulers of the kingdom located in the shaded region on the
map?
A Chitimukulu
B Gawa Undi
C Litunga
D Mwata Kazembe

Study the picture below and answer questions 24 and 25.

24 What missionary group did the man depicted in the picture work for?
A Livingstonia Missions
B London Missionary Society (LMS)
C Paris Evangelical Missionary Society (PEMS)
D Universities Missions to Central Africa (UMCA)

25 Why did he take up the exploration work of Central Africa? He wanted.

A Africans to know more about Europeans.
B to introduce imperialism.
C to introduce slave trade.
D to spread Christianity.

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26 The main reason for Africans in Southern Rhodesia to support the idea of the federation was to …
A benefit from the copper resources of Northern Rhodesia.
B ensure that they gained their independence quickly.
C help the settlers achieve the idea of amalgamation.
D share the idea of African paramountcy that existed in Northern Rhodesia.

27 Which political parties were led by Kenneth Kaunda in Northern Rhodesia?

A UNIP and ANC
B UNIP and UPF
C UNIP and UPP
D UNIP and ZANC

28 The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was formally dissolved on..

A 20th August, 1961.
B 1st ctober, 1964.
C 24TH October, 1964.
D 31st December, 1963.

29 Which one of the following is not a symbol of national identity in Zambia?

A Coat of Arms
B Flag
C National Anthem
D Victoria Falls

30 The concept of rule of law means that …

A all citizens are equal before the law.
B government leaders are above the law.
C the law must be selective.
D the law was meant to punish offenders only.

31 Which one of the following can be used to amend Part III of Zambia's Constitution containing the
Bill of Rights?
A Conducting a referendum
B Constituent Assembly
C Holding General Elections
D Through amendment by the National Assembly

32 During the Heroes and Unity Day, citizens of Zambia painted their faces using colours found on
the Zambian flag to show …
A cooperation.
B decoration.
C excitement.
D patriotism.

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33 Laws made by Local Councils are called…

A Acts of Parliament.
B Bills.
C By-laws.
D Statutes

Study the following table and answer question 34.

A Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Collective Rights
Right to life Right to work anywhere Right to nationality

34 Which category of rights is labelled A?

A Civil and political rights
B Group rights
C Human rights
D Third generation rights

35 Jumbe appointed his brother as managing director when he had no qualifications.

What form of corruption did he commit?
A Bribery
B Cronyism
C Fraud
D Nepotism

Study the following picture and answer questions 36 and 37.

A mother in conflict with her daughter

36 What form of conflict is depicted in the picture?
A Class conflict
B Community conflict
C Family conflict
D Gender conflict

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37 Which peaceful method would be used to resolve the conflict?

A Arbitration
B Mediation
C Negotiation
D Reconciliation

38 Musa paid K5.00 for a chocolate sweet last month but the price later increased to K6.00. In
monetary terms, this increase in the cost of a chocolate is called.
A deflation.
B depression.
C equilibrium.
D inflation.

39 Which of the following taxes is collected from mining companies by the Zambian government as
revenue?
A Personal Levy
B Royalties
C Sales Tax
D Value Added Tax

40 One of the functions of the African Union (AU) is to …

A harmonise the member state policies.
B promote continental peace.
C promote worldwide trade.
D settle disputes in the world.

SECTIONB (30 MARKS)

Answer all questions in this section. Write all your answers in the inserted Answer Booklet.

1 (a) Name one source of energy that is non-renewable.

(b) State two advantages of using solar energy as a source of power.
(c) Name one institution dealing in power and energy in Zambia.
(d) State three advantages of Hydroelectricity Power (HEP) over other forms of energy.
(e) Give three challenges faced by the textile and manufacturing industries in Zambia.

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2 Study the following picture and answer the questions that follow.

(a) What historical activity was taking place in the picture?

(b) In which part of Africa did the activity take place on a large scale? [1]
(c) State two special names given to the activity.
(d) Why did the activity of the 16" century develop?
(e) Why was the activity referred to in the picture stopped?
(f) Mention two world leaders that helped to stop the activity around the 19th Century.
(g) How did the activity affect Africa?

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3 Study the following map showing member countries of SADC and answer the questions that
follow.

(a) What do the letters SADC stand for?

(b) Mention the treaty that founding members of Southern African Development Co-
ordinated Conference (SADCC) signed to form SADC.
(c) When did country A and B join SADC?
(d) What is the historical importance of country C to SADC?
(e) Mention the headquarters of SADC located in country D.
(f) Identify any member states of SADC which is not part of Southern Africa mainland.
(g) Explain the role of the tribunal organ of the member states of SADC.
(h) In which way is the SADC objective towards the protection of the environment achieved
by member states.
(i) How do member countries benefit from SADC?

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SECTIONC (Short essays) (30 marks)

There are three parts in this section. Answer one question from each part.

Part One
1 (a) Describe the factors that favour the construction of hydro-electric power station.
(b) Explain the disadvantages of hydro-electric power.

2 (a) Describe the factors affecting commercial livestock farming.

(b) Explain the negative effects of commercial farming on the environment.

3 (a) Discuss the factors that affect population distribution.

(b) Explain the advantages of family planning.

Part Two
1 (a) What is history and why do we learn about it?
(b) Explain sources of learning about history.

2 (a) What work do archaeologists do?

(b) Explain the work and discoveries done by the archaeologist Louis Leakey.

3 (a) What was primary resistance to colonialism?

(b) Why did Africans start primary resistance to colonialism?
(c) Explain examples of African primary resistance to colonialism.

Part Three
1 Write briefly on the following principles of good governance.
(a) Citizen participation
(b) Separation of powers
(c) Transparency

2 (a) Describe the composition of the Executive.

(b) Explain the functions of the President.

3 (a) Identify the common forms of child abuse in Zambian societies.

(b) Describe the rights of a child listed in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of a
Child (UNCRC).

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ANSWERS FOR SOCIAL STUDIES – 2021 INTERNAL

SECTION A [40 MARKS]
1. C 6. C 11. D 16. A 21. C 26. D 31. A 36. C
2. D 7. B 12. C 17. B 22. A 27. D 32. D 37. C
3. D 8. B 13. A 18. A 23. A 28. D 33. C 38. D
4. C 9. D 14. A 19. C 24. B 29. D 34. A 39. B
5. C 10. D 15. A 20. B 25. D 30. A 35. D 40. B

SECTION B (30 MARKS)

1 (a) Uranium / Coal / Petroleum / Natural gas

(b) it is renewable / It is clean / it is cheap / it is abundantly found /readily available

(c) Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation (ZESCO)

Copperbelt Energy Corporation (CEC)
Energy Regulation Board (ERB)

(d) It is clean
Renewable resource
Can be transmitted to distant places
It can supply a large area
It can be used in many ways
It is easy to manage by use of transformers and switches
It is cheap to run

(e) High competition

Cost of raw materials is high
Lack of capital
Lack of storage facilities
Poor road infrastructure
Lack of advanced technology
Far distances from the market

2 (a) Slave trade/slavery

(b) West Africa

(c) European slave Trade / Triangular Slave trade / Atlantic Slave trade

(d) Need for cheap labour

Criminals and debtors were sold as slaves
Role of Las ca Sas

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(e) Industrial revolution

Humanitarian campaigns
High death rate among the British Navy
Successful revolts
Passing of new laws to condemn it

(f) Abraham Lincoln

Willam Wilberforce

(g) Africa became underdeveloped because able-bodied were taken away

3 (a) Southern African Development Community

(b) wndhoek declaration

(c) Namibia 1992

South Africa 1994

(d) Zambia helped the SADC countries to gain their independence

Zambia promotes and defends peace and security and this enhances development in the
region

(e) Gaborone

(f) Tanzania / Congo DR

(g) To ensure member countries obey its rules

To ensure member countries understand the SADC treaty

(h) Using natural resources sustainably to protect the environment

Effective use of resources

(i) Improved quality of life in member states

Promoting and defending peace and security
Promoting economic independence of the member states
Using resources sustainably
Development of common political values, systems and institutions of member states
Mutual cooperation

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SECTION C (Short essays) (30 marks)

Part one
1 (a) There must be a gradient or slope
Must be a gorge
Large market should be there
Availability of overhead of water
Large capital
Constant supply of water or large volume or water.

(b) It needs large capital

It cannot be stored
If not handled well it causes accidents
It is expensive to run
It is highly dependent on the availability of water
Can be affected

2 (a) Lack of pastures

Scarcity of water
Disease outbreak
Cost of feeds
Stiff competition
Traditional beliefs
Theft of livestock (cattle rustling)

(b) Causes deforestation

Contributes to pollution by pesticides and chemicals used
Displacements of wildlife
Heavy machines used to compact the soil
Causes soil erosion
Contributes to global warming

3 (a) Type of relief / Presence of water

Fertility of sol
Economic activities
Social amenities (e.g health facilities, schools, etc)
Transport system
Government policy

(b) Promotes healthy family

Couples will have children when they are ready
Mothers will have a chance to be more productive economically
Mothers are given enough time to rest and recover after giving birth
Parents have children they will be able to fully support
There are no unplanned pregnancies

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Part Two
1 (a) History is the study of the past. We learn about the past to:
help predict the future
for interest and pleasure
for career advancement
to understand our family tree
to appreciate the past
to understand our past
to understand the present
to compare between the past and the future

(b) Oral tradition: Method of learning about the past through word of mouth e.g. stories or
tales told by old people to their grandchildren
Written Records: Written sources such as diaries, magazines, books and newspapers
Anthropology: Through the study of culture. Anthropologists study different aspects of
culture such as dressing, food and language.
Archaeology: The study of ancient remains e.g. tools, clothes, bones or fossils also called
digging history. It is the most reliable method.
Linguistics: The study of past through languages. People who study about the past
through languages are known as linguists.

2 (a) These are people who study about the past through ancient remains
they carry Out excavation work i.e. digging for fossils
They analyse these fossils
They determine how old these fossils are through carbon dating.

(b) Doctor Louis Leakey.

He carried out a lot of research in East Africa
Most of his discoveries were done around Olduvai gorge
At one point he worked with his wife
He is responsible for the discovery of creatures like Kenyapathecus,
Proconsul Africanus, Zinjathropus and Homohabilis

3 (a) This was the earliest resistance to colonial rule.

This started in the 19th century

(b) Loss of political power

Loss of economic power
Hut tax
Attacks on African culture
Racial segregation
pass laws
Abusive language
Inhuman treatment

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(c) Independent Churches

Also known as break-away churches
Examples include John Chilembwe, Eliot Kamwana, William Mokolapa, Charles Domingo
and Mathews Zwimba
The Ndebele uprising
The Bambatha rebellion
The Maji-maji rebellion
The Chimunenga uprising

Part Three
1 Good governance is based on democratic characteristics.
(a) Citizen participation
Good governance allows both men and women to take part in governance directly or
through representative
Citizens can participate directly by taking up various positions in government
Indirectly citizens can choose representatives through voting
Citizens are able to participate in decision making in their own country

(b) Separation of powers

It means government is divided into three arms or organs
The organs of government are the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary
Organs of government work independently to promote checks and balance
Separation of powers limits the powers of the president to promote democracy
The Legislature make laws, the Executive enforce the law and the Judiciary interprets the
law
The independence of the Judiciary is necessary to promote justice

(c) Transparency
Means decisions made and enforced by the government are done in an open manner
Leaders follow laid down rules and regulations in their duties
Information is freely available and accessible to the citizens
Information is provided in an easy manner through print and electronic media
Citizens are able to make informed decisions it promotes accountability on the part of
leaders

2 (a) The Executive is the organ of government which enforces the law and other policies. It is
made up of the following
The President: heads the Executive
The Vice President: acts as president when the president is out of the country
Cabinet: make government policies
Public Service: carry out duties on behalf of the government

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(b) To head the state and government

To head the Executive organ of government
Appoint and dismiss ministers and senior government officials
Exercise prerogative of mercy
Declare state of emergency
Open and close the sessions of the National Assembly
To dissolve parliament
To appoint the Attorney General
Commander in Chief of armed forces
Giving awards to deserving citizens who have served the nation well
Addressing the Nation

3 (a) According to the United Nation Convention on the Rights of a Child (UNCRC), a child is a
person below 18 years.
Child labour: giving a child to lift a heavy load or do a task beyond his/her age.
child defilement: having canal knowledge with a child below 18 years
Child neglect: when parents do not care for their children for unknown reasons
Corporal punishment: putting pain on a child by beating or unpleasant action aimed at
punishing
Human trafficking: selling children to other countries for personal gain

(b) Right to a name

Right to nationality
Right to life
Right to parental care
Freedom of expression
Freedom of movement
Protection against slavery, torture and inhuman treatment
Protection against sexual harassment and other forms of child abuse
Right to education
Right to food, clean water and shelter

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EXAMINATION COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING EXAMINATION (GRADE 9) – 2022

Social Studies 207/ 1

(EXTERNAL CANDIDATES)
Time: 2 hours 30 minutes Marks: 80

Section A [40 marks]

Answer all questions. Mark your answers with a cross (X) on the Answer Grid provided in the Answer
Booklet.
Study the map extract of the town of Kalulushi and answer questions 1 to 6.

1 What is the six figure grid reference of Air Photo Principal Point with Filan No. 44?
A 176 744
B 186 754
C 744 176
D 754 186

2 The distance of the maintained road from the Western edge of the map in grid square 1679 to
the road junction in grid square 2179 is ...
A 4.1 kilometres
B 5.1 kilometres.
C 6.1 kilometres.
D 7.1 kilometres.

3 The settlement pattern of the villages on the south West part of the map is …
A dispersed.
B Isolated.
C lineal.
D nucleated.
4 What is the dominant economic activity practised in grid square 2275?
A Farming
B Fishing
C Mining
D Tourism

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5 Which of the following man-made features is found in grid square 2385?

A Aerodrome
B Dam
C Slime
D Village

6 According to map evidence, which one of the following services is not offered in
Kalulushi?
A Air transport
B Mining
C Rail transport
D Health

7 Which of the following crops is grown commercially in Mazabuka?

A Banana
B Maize
C Sugarcane
D Tea

8 The main farming system used to grow the identified crop in question 7 is ...
A afforestation.
B Crop rotation.
C Mambwe system.
D plantation.

Study the following diagram and answer questions 9 and 10.

9 The name of the instrument shown is ..

A aneroid barometer.
B rain gauge.
C wind vane.
D wind sock.

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10 The instrument mentioned in question 9 is used to measure

A humidity.
B pressure.
C wind direction.
D wind speed.

11 Lake Tanganyika was formed as a result of.

A blocking of the river by man.
B erosion of the land by water
C removal of upper sol by wind.
D Sinking of land between two faults.

Study the following climatic table and answer question 12.

Town Altitude Mean temperature Mean temperature
(metres) (October) (June)
X 1 683 o
28 C 10oC
Y 891 34oC 6oC

12 What is the annual range of temperature for both towns?

Town X Town Y
A 6oC 10oC
B 18oC 28oC
C 28oC 10oC
D 34oC 6oC

13 The population of Zambia is growing at a very fast rate due to ...

A increase in nutrition.
B influx of refugees from Congo DR.
C Increase in public health awareness.
D increase in voluntary counseling

14 Which of the following areas is densely populated?

A Chinsali
B Chipata
C Mongu
D Ndola

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15 What name is given to historians that use ancient remains to study the past?
A Anthropologists
B Archaeologists
C Geologists
D Linguists

16 The historian who used a similar method in East Africa in the 1960s to gather
information about the past is.
A Doctor John Hunter.
B Doctor Louis Leaky.
C Professor Desmond Clark.
D Professor Raymond Dart.

17 A Teacher of History asked learners to pair historical periods correctly. Which one
of the following was correctly paired?
A 1 year – Annum
B 10 years – Century
C 100 years – Decade
D 30 years – Millennium

18 According to the Biblical theory on the origin of man, God created man on day.
A 5.
B 6.
C 7.
D 8.

19 In which part of Africa were the remains of Australopithecus discovered?

A Central Africa
B East Africa
C Southern Africa
D West Africa

20 Which archaeologist discovered the remains of the Australopithecus?

A Doctor Daniel Williams
B Doctor James Durham
C Professor Gideon Were
D Professor Raymond Dart

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Study the following picture and answer questions 21 and 22.

21 The materials shown in the picture were made by the ... people.
A Early Iron Age
B Early Stone Age
C Late Stone Age
D Middle Stone Age

22 What was the item labelled Y used for?

A Catching fish
B Hunting animals
C Smelting iron
D Storing water

23 Bene Mukuni is used to refer to the ... people.

A Lenje
B Lala
C Sala
D Soil

24 What trade items did Kazembe supply to the Portuguese in long distance trade?
A Beads, guns and salt
B Copper, beads and slaves
C Copper, slaves and Ivory
D Ivory, guns and salt

25 Which of the following local rulers strongly opposed the occupation of North - Eastern Rhodesia
by the British?
A Litunga of the Lozi
B Mpenzeni of the Ngoni
C Mukamambo Nkomesha of the Soli
D Mwata Kazembe of the Lunda

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26 The two regions, North-Eastern Rhodesia and North-Western Rhodesia were

Joined in ... to form Northern Rhodesia.
A 1911
B 1924
C 1945
D 1964

27 The Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) of Southern Rhodesia in 1965

was done by …
A Ian Smith.
B Joshua Nkomo.
C Ndabaningi Sithole.
D Robert Mugabe.

28 Wholed the group of Africans that formed the Federation of Welfare Societies in 1946?
A Daudi Yamba
B Donald Siwale
C Kenneth Kaunda
D Lawrence Katilungu

29 Which of the following colours of the national flag represent economic resources
such as cobalt?
A Black
B Green
C Orange
D Red

30 A Constitution is one in which most of the rules and regulations are embraced
in a single formal instrument.
A flexible
B rigid
C unwritten
D written

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31 Nomuthandazo was born to Zambian parents who were working in South Africa in
1999. This means that Nomuthandazo is a Zambian by
A adoption.
B birth.
C descent
D registration.

32 Which of the following is not an advantage of a multi-party state?

A Promotion of competition among political parties during elections.
B Provision of alternative leadership policies and programmes.
C unlawful detention of politicians with divergent view
D Wilder freedom of assembly among citizens.

Study the following diagram below that shows the electoral procedures
and then answer questions 33 and 34.

33 What are the electoral proceedings marked A and B on the diagram?

A Campaign and registration of voters
B Demarcating areas and campaigns
C Registration of voters and campaigns
D Voters day and demarcating areas

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34 Which two documents are used at the electoral procedure marked C?

A National Registration Card and License
B National Registration Card and Voter's Card
C Passport and voter's Card
D Voters Card and License

35 The Intestate Law of Succession.

A has led to the violation of women's rights.
B has negative impact on Zambian norms, traditions and customs.
C Is the same as a will left by the deceased.
D states that a widow is entitled to twenty percent of the late husband's
deceased property.

36 Mwanje has been given a school place in Grade 8 because the headteacher of
that school is her uncle. What corrupt practice is this?
A Bribery
B Ethnicism
C Nepotism
D Tribalism

37 The cause of conflict that occurred when Eritrea broke off from Ethiopia due to
ethnic differences is referred to as …
A class.
B cultural.
C economic.
D political

38 An increase in the value of money is called…

A deflation.
B demand.
C inflation.
D Supply.

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39 What is the name given to goods that are manufactured or distributed under
someone else's name without permission?
A Counterfeit goods
B Original goods
C Second hand goods
D Smuggled goods

40 The role of the security organ of the United Nation Organisation (UNO) is to …
A keep the financial accounts of the United Nations Organisation and Agencies.
B organize international conferences and workshops.
C promote development of self-government territories.
D recommend ways of setting disputes among member countries.

SECTION B (30 MARKS)

Answer all questions in this section. Write all your answers in the inserted Answer Booklet.
1 Study the table below and answer the questions that follow.
Province Ceremony Tribe
Luapula A Lunda
Southern Shimunenga Ila
B N’cwala C
Western Kuomboka Lozi

(a) Name ceremony A, province B and tribe C.

(b) Which condition makes it possible to hold Kuomboka Ceremony in
Western Province by the Lozi people?
(c) Apart from traditional ceremonies, name other two tourist
attractions in Zambia.
(d) Explain two benefits of the traditional ceremonies to the tourism
industry.
(e) Suggest a way in which tourism industry can be improved in Zambia.
(f) How has the Covid-19 pandemic affected the industry since 2020?
[10]

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2 Study the diagram showing the trading site discovered in 1960 in the Southern part of Zambia
and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name the Early Iron Age Trading centre situated at Y.

(b) Which people established this trading centre?
(c) River X was used as a route. Name the river.
(d) Arrow A shows Items that came from the north. Mention two trade items supplied from
route A.
(e) Name one trade item that came through arrow B.
(f) Apart from trading, name the other activities the people were involved in at the site.
(g) Name one country in the east where the exports from centre were taken.
(h) Mention an item that was imported from the east to Centre Y.
(i) What kind of trade was carried out at trade centre Y?
[10]
3 Study the following graph and answer the questions that follow.
The following graph shows the percentage of employed persons by gender and different job
categories in Zambia by 1991

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(a) What concept describes this scenario?

(b) Which job category has more female employees?
(c) What could be the reason why category C has more females than males?
(d) Mention two examples of the workers in category B.
(e) Give a reason why there are more men in category C.
(f) How can the government manage to improve the situation in D?

SECTION C (Short essays) (30 marks)

There are three parts in this section. Answer one question from each part.

Part One
1 (a) Describe different relief features in Zambia.
(b) How do the people of Zambia benefit from the Zambezi River?

2 (a) What are the negative effects of tourism in Zambia?

(6) How is wildlife conserved in Zambia to promote tourism?

3 (a) Describe the causes of the types of migration in Zambia.

(b) Explain the effects of HIV and AIDS on the urban population of Zambia.

Part Two
1 (a) Explain the origin and causes of the Bantu migration.
(b) What skills did the Bantu Speaking People introduce when they settled in Zambia?

2 (a) Discuss the history/origin of the Lozi Speaking People.

(b) Explain factors that led to the development of the Lozi kingdom.

3 Write on the following topics

(a) Chachacha Campaigns in Northern Rhodesia.
(b) Formation of Independent African Churches.

Part Three
1 (a) What is bad governance?
(b) Discuss the characteristics of bad governance.

2 (a) Explain the types of corruption.

(b) What is the role of the legislature in the fight against corruption?

3 (a) What is fraud?

(b) Assess effects of money laundering activities on the economy.

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Section A [40 marks]

1. A 6. A 11. D 16. B 21. A 26. A 31. C 36. C
2. C 7. C 12. B 17. A 22. D 27. A 32. C 37. B
3. C 8. D 13. A 18. B 23. A 28. A 33. C 38. A
4. A 9. C 14. D 19. C 24. C 29. C 34. B 39. A
5. B 10. C 15. B 20. D 25. B 30. D 35. D 40. D

SECTION B (30 MARKS)

1 (a) A - Mutomboko
B – Eastern
C – Ngoni

(b) Flooding of the Zambezi River

(c) Waterfalls
National parks
Game reserves
Historical sites
Natural vegetation
Rivers and lakes
Swamps
Wildlife viewing

(d) Encourages the preservation of cultural heritage

Encourages eco-tourism
Encourages cultural tourism
Encourages domestic tourism
Market for curios, vegetables, fruits, poultry, beef and dairy products
Infrastructure development like roads, etc
Promote International cultural understanding

(e) - Investing in hotels, lodges, roads, electricity, etc, by public and government.
- Ensure affordable services for both domestic and international tourists
- Protecting wildlife.
- Educating the people on the importance of tourism.

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(f) - Deaths
- Tourism industry has closed in many countries.
- Governments have restricted movements of tourists.
- Loss of business.
- Loss of income revenue.
- Loss of employment.

2 (a) Ing’ombe llede

(b) The Bantu speaking People

(c) Zambezi River

(d) Slaves

(e) Ivory
Gold

(f) Wild fruit collection

Farming
Hunted animal
Rearing chickens

(g) China
India

(h) Iron objects

Cloths
Shells

(i) Barter system

3 (a) Gender discrimination

(b) Sales workers

(c) It was considered to be easier

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(d) Peasant farmers

Domestic workers
Catering
Tailoring

(e) Job was considered to be risky for women.

Energy consuming.

(f) - Employing more women in positions of power.

- Adhering to SADC protocol on inclusion of women in decision making positions.

SECTION C (Short essays) (30 marks)

Part One

1 (a) Highveld land above 1200m above sea level.

Midveld on land between 90m and 1200m above sea level.
Lowveld on land low lying on land below 900m above sea level.
Zambia's relief is generally undulating with Isolated ills and mountains.
Monotonous plateau (level land/table land/midveld) is broken by Tonga plateau.

(b) Provide cheap transport.

Provide water for hydroelectric power generation.
Provide water for domestic/industrial use.
For fishing.
Habitat for aquatic life.
Water for irrigation.
For recreation or tourism.
2 (a) It causes/encourages social vices.
Easy spreading of diseases e.g. HV/AIDS.
Increase in crime e.g. illegal foreign dealings.
Trafficking in endangered animal trophies.
Trafficking in drugs.
Corruption of local culture.
Environmental damage e,9. hotels, motel, etc building.
Pollution of water and land from sewage, litter, etc.
Tourist infrastructure may take up areas that may be used for other economic activities
e.g. farming.

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(b) Setting up game reserves and national parks.

Educating the public on the Importance of wildlife.
Promoting game ranching.
Establishment of Zambia Wildlife Authority (ZAWA).
Involving community participation in wildlife products.
Imposing heavy penalties on illegal possession of game trophies/game poaching.
Encouraging eco-tourism.
Promoting domestic tourism.

3 (a) Employment
Social amenities
Good recreational facilities
Running away from conflicts
Retirement especially old people
Looking for cheaper land to settle
Leaving stressful city life
Employment transfers
Loss of employment
Looking for better business opportunities

(b) Orphans, widows and widowers increase

Reduced productivity in economic activities
Reduced life expectancy
Reduced workforce
Increase in medical ills
Increase in dependency ratio

Part Two
1 (a) The Bantu speaking people who settled In Central Africa trace their origin from
the Middle East.
They migrated across the Mediterranean Sea and settles along River
Nile where they established farming settlements.
Later, they migrated west and settled in the Cameroon highlands
around the Niger/Benue region where the Bantu languages and culture developed.
They later migrated Into Central and Southern Africa using the
eastern, western and central routes.
Those who settled in the central region established the Luba and
Lunda empires in Katanga.

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However, around 1650, the Bantu left Katanga into present day
Zambia and Malawi where they established kingdoms.
Some reasons why the Bantu migrated include population increase,
Shortage of land, wars, Tear of slave trade and Slavery, need to trade and advantage.

(b) Chieftainship
New farming methods (shifting cultivation)
Barter system of trade
Pottery making
Iron smelting

2 (a) The Lozi people originated from the Lunda kingdom of Katanda under
King Mwatayamvo Muteba.
During the Luba-Lunda migrations, the Lozi were led by a Queen
Mother named Mwambwa and her daughter Mbuya Wamwambwa.
They settled In the area they called Bulozi In Western Province of
Zambla along the Zambezi flood plain.
Local people such as the Mashi, Kwarngwa and Nyengo were defeated
and displaced further south.
Mboo Muyunda became the first LItunga or male king who established
the capital at Lealul.
Later this area expanded and became known as Barotseland.

(b) Good administration of the Lozi LItunga's especially Mulambwa the 10 Ltunga.
Fertile sails along the Zambezi flood plain.
Availably of water from the Zambezi River promoted irrigation of cassava.
Good pasture supported pastoralism
Local trade
Absence of slave trade In the kingdom promoted unity
The arrival of the Mbunda from Angola who brought new crops, ne
trade Items, Iron tools, medicine and taught the Lozi new fighting skills.
The Kuomboka ceremony promoted peace and unity in the kingdom.
Easy transport provided by the Zambezi River
Raiding of local tribes such as the Tonga people for slaves, women and cattle.
Good environment of the Zambezi flood plain made the Lozi be self-reliant.
Dual kingship

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3 (a) Chachacha was a civil disobedience where people in northern Rhodesia rioted
against colonial injustices.
Chachacha began in 1961 in Northern Province and spread to Luapula Province.
Later the whole country got involved as people blocked roads and
destroyed public property.
It was organized by UNIP Supporters under Kenneth Kaunda,
Causes of the Chachacha campaigns included paying of taxes, restricted freedom of
movement and racial discrimination.
UNIP leaders were arrested and later released.
The British called an early election in 1962 where ANC and UNIP lost.

(b) Independent African churches were formed as break away movements from missionary
churches.
The aim of Independent African Churches was to fight against colonial injustices
They were also called Ethiopian churches named after Mangena Makone breakaway
church in 1892.

Part Three

1 (a) A government that does not serve its people well.

Poor rule.
Means a system of rule that is not legimate, competent, accountable,
transparent and does not respect the rule of law and human rights.

(b) Corrupt leadership.

Arbitrary arrests.
Controlled press or television stations owned by government.
Little or no control on corruption and abuse of office by leaders.
No respect for the rule of law.
The judiciary Is not independent. Police have unlimited power to
arrest and detain.
Concentration or powers in one person or office.
Rigging of elections.
Detention and torture of political opponents.
One or no political party, e.g. in a military dictatorship.
No free and fair elections.
No freedom of assembly.
Violation of human rights.
Lack of separation of powers.

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2 (a) Petty corruption

This type of corruption Involves exchange of small amounts of valuables in return for a
favour. The valuables may be in cash or in kind.

Grand corruption
This type of corruption Involves either exchange of large valuables for a favour of abuse
of large valuables.

Political or electoral corruption

This type of corruption can involve either small or large amounts of valuables but always
relates to political activities.

(b) Organ of government that makes laws which include the fight against corruption.
Anti-Corruption Act No. 3 of 2012 was made by the legislature in 2012.
The act provides definition of corruption. It also gives powers and independence to the
Anti-corruption commission.
The law provides penalties for various offences.
In addition, the legislature oversees the expenditure of government funds through the
Public Accounts Committee.

3 (a) Fraud is a general term that is used to refer to any activity in which one party
deceiver takes unfair advantage of another. False pretense and deceit are types of fraud.

(b) If a bank is discovered to be involved in money laundering activities, is reputation ld

damaged and this leads to los of business.
If funds from criminal activities can be easily processed through a particular bank, the
bank becomes part of the criminal network itself.
Successful money laundering damages the integrity of the entire society and undermines
democracy and the rule of law.

It affects foreign direct investment negatively because a country's commercial and

financial sectors are viewed a subject to the control and influence of organized crime.
If money laundering is left unchecked, organized crime can infiltrate financial institutions,
acquire control of large sectors of the economy through investment, or offer bribes to
public officials and governments.
The economic and political influence of criminal organisations can
weaken the social and ethical standards and also the democratic institutions of society.
Laundering encourages criminal activities in a society.

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EXAMINATION COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

JUNIOR SECONDARY LEAVING EXAMINATION (GRADE 9) – 2022
Social Studies 207/1
(INTERNAL CANDAIDATES)
SECTION A: [40 MARKS]
Answer all questions. Mark your answers with a cross (X) on the Answer Grid provided in the Answer
Booklet.

Study the map extract of part of Kapiri Mposhi and answer questions 1 to 6.

1 What is the six figure grid reference of the confluence of Chimfuneme River and Muchinda
River?
A 511 704
B 514 701
C 701 514
D 704 511

2 Which of the following man-made features are found in grid square 5075?
A Boundary
B Forest
C Marsh
D School

3 What is the distance along the motorable track or farm road from Moba village in
grid square 5668 to Shebele village in grid square 5667?
A 1.7km
B 2.7km
C 3.7km
D 4.7km

4 The bearing of Kayumba School in grid square 5075 from Chipemba village in grid square 4977 is
A 099o
B 152o
C 208o
D 300o

5 Which of the following is the dominant vegetation found in grid square 5169?
A Open bush and tree grassland
B Thick forest
C Thicket
D Woodland

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6 According to map evidence, the dominant physical feature found in the Southern
half of the map extract is ...
A dambo.
B river.
C swamp.
D waterfalls.

Study the table below and answer questions 7 and 8.

Town Latitude Attitude Mean annual Annual
temperature (°C) range (°C)
Town A 8 S o 1 632 19oC 4oC
Town B 18oS 948 22oC 11oC

7 Why does town A experience lower mean annual temperature than town B?
Town A ...
A experiences a cold current.
B is influenced by a cool wind.
C is on a higher attitude.
D is nearer to the equator.

8 The reason Town B experiences a bigger annual temperature range than Town A is because of …
A altitude.
B latitude.
C longitude.
D relief.

9 Which one of the following is not the main crop grown by subsistence farmers in
Zambia?
A Cassava
B Cotton
C Lentils
D Sorghum

10 One of the effects of rural urban migration on urban centres is …

A clean environment.
B family split up.
C few educated people.
D overcrowding.

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Study the following map and answer questions 11 and 12.

11 What is the name of National Park T?

A Lavushi Manda
B Isangano
C Mweru-wantipa
D Sumbu

12 The mineral mined in town U is ...

A coal.
B Copper.
C limestone.
D manganese.

Study the following map and answer questions 13 and 14.

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13 Which of the following combinations shows the major occupation in area P?

A Farming and fishing
B Farming and forestry
C Fishing and forestry
D Fishing and tourism

14 The physical feature Q is …

A Kalambo Falls.
B Musonda Falls
C Ngonye Falls.
D Ntumba Chushi Falls.

Study the following writing materials and answer question 15.

15 What method of learning about the past uses these materials?

A Ancient remains
B Artistic paintings
C Oral tradition
D Written records

16 Historians who study ancient remains are called

A Anthropologists.
B Archaeologists.
C Geologists.
D Linguists

17 In which period was Broken Hill Man discovered?

A Early Iron Age
B Early Stone Age
C Late Stone Age
D Middle Stone Age

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18 What evidence can be drawn from the skull of Proconsul Africanus?

A Level of intelligence
B The shape of his nose
C The size of his eyes
D Type of diet

19 At which place was the skull of Proconsul Africanus discovered?

A Kalambo Falls
B Olduvai Gorge
C Rusinga Islands
D Taung

20 The Tonga People were a stateless society in Zambia together with the ...
A Ila, Lenje and Lala.
B Ila, Lala and Soli.
C la, Lenje and Soli.
D Tla, Soli and Swaka.

21 Name the annual traditional ceremony in Zambia performed by the Ngoni Impis.
A Kulamba
B Kuomboka
C N'Cwala
D Umutomboko

22 The source of the Nile River was located by ...

A David Livingstone and Henry Stanley.
B Heinrich Barth and Richard Lander.
C John Speke and James Grant.
D Mungo Park and Hugh Clapperton.

23 Abraham Lincoln and William Wilberforce were

A Democrats.
B Humanists.
C Imperialists.
D Nationalists.

24 Which areas did Lobengula, King of the Ndebele control in the period between
1870 – 1893?
A Mashonaland and Matebeleland
B North-Western Rhodesia and North-Eastern Rhodesia.
C Southern Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia.
D Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland.

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25 The treaty that was signed by King Lobengula with the Boers in 1887 was
A Caryndon Treaty.
B Grobbler Treaty.
C Moffat Treaty.
D Rudd Concession.

Study the following map and answer question 26.

26 Which letters on the map represent the countries that were members of the
Central African Federation?
A A, B and C
B C, D and F
C C, E and F
D D, E and F

27 Where were the headquarters for the Central African Federation located?
A Bulawayob
B Kariba
C Salisbury
D Wankie

28 Zimbabwe got independence in 1980 after the ... talks.

A Lancaster House
B London House
C Victoria Falls
D White House

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29 The ... is responsible for the discipline of Members of Parliament in the house.
A Opposition Chief Whip
B Sergeant at Arms
C Vice President
D Vice Speaker

30 In 1996, the constitution was amended to ...

A allow existence of many political parties.
B change the citizenship qualification.
C increase the number of members of parliament from 105 to 125.
D lower the voting age from 21 years to 18 years.

31 What concept is used to describe the quality of a good citizen which involves a sense of love to a
state by observing the values and principles of one's country?
A Loyalty
B Nationalism
C Patriotism
D Responsibility

32 The role of an opposition political party in a democracy is to …

A always criticise government policies.
B create militia groups to defend them.
C give money donations to electorates.
D provide checks and balances to government.

33 At which stage of the electoral process are ballot papers used?

A Campaign period
B Nomination day
C Polling day
D Registration period

34 Which of the following documents is referred to as the Bangul Charter?

A African Charter on Human and People's Rights
B African Peer Review Mechanism
C International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
D Universal Declaration of Human Rights

35 What can the absence of Affirmative Action in employment sectors result into
A Affirmative action
B Gender discrimination
C Positive discrimination
D Sex discrimination

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36 Cronyism describes an act of offence in which a government official

A appoints relatives without necessary qualification in government position.
B awards a tender to a company of a friend as a favour.
C is offered a gift of money or goods in return for a favour
D Uses public resources to run private businesses.

37 What concept is used to describe a process conducted by representation of

groups designed to reconcile differences and to reach agreements by consensus?
A Arbitration
B Mediation
C Negotiation
D Reconciliation

38 Study the following table which is showing the exchange rates of some selected
currencies with the Zambian kwacha and answer the questions that follow.
Currency Buying Rate Selling Rate
EURO 18.89 19.25
US Dollar 18.53 18.89
British Pound 25.0742 25.56
Zambian Kwacha 1.22 1.24

Which currency has the highest exchange rate?

A Euro
B British pound
C US dollar
D Zambian kwacha

39 The visible exports for country A amounted to K900 000.00. While the visible
imports amounted to K500 000.00 for the year 2019. Calculate country As
balance of trade for the year 2019.
A K400 000.00
B K912 000.00
C K919 000.00
D K1 400 000.00

40 Which of the following is not true about the Commonwealth Organisation?

A Exchange of technical experts' advice and cooperation.
B Helping less developed countries to become part of the global economy.
C The main decision making forum of the organisation is the Head of Government meeting.
D The headquarters of the organisation are situated in Brussels, Belgium.

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SECTION B: [30 MARKS]

Answer all questions in this section. Write all your answers in the inserted Answer Booklet.

1 Study the following map and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name towns A and B.

(b) State the main economic activity of area C.
(c) Explain two factors which discourage human settlement in area C.
(d) State three cash crops cultivated in area D
(e) Name the mineral mined in town E.
(f) Give the name of the institution dealing in electricity generation in town E.
[Total: 10 marks]

2 The map below shows the origin and movement of the Bantu speaking People.
Use it to answer the questions that follow.

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(a) What does the word 'Bantu' mean?

(b) Name the place marked A.

(c) Name two centralised states that developed in the area marked B.

(d) The area marked B witnessed further migration by 1650. What name was given to these
migrations?

(e) State two reasons that caused the movements.

(f) Mention three groups of the Bantu Speaking People that settled in the Eastern part of
Zambia as a result of the migrations named in (d).
[Total: 10 marks]

3 Study the diagram of the Zambian National flag below and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Identify the missing feature marked A on the diagram.

(b) What does the feature mentioned in (a) symbolise to the country?

(c) State the sentence in the third verse of the National Anthem which refers to the feature
marked A.

(d) Which two colours on the National flag are acknowledged in verse one of the National
Anthem?

(e) Why does colour B occupy a large space on the flag of Zambia?
State three reasons.

(f) What is the relationship between human rights and the colour marked C?

(g) Why was 24th October chosen as Independence Day for Zambia?
[Total: 10 marks]

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SECTION C: (SHORT ESSAYS) [30 MARKS]

There are three parts in this section. Answer one question from each part.

Part One
1 (a) Describe the main features of the Chitemene System. [5]
(b) Explain the effects of the Chitemene System on the environment. [5]
[Total: 10 marks]

2 (a) State three main tarred road routes in Zambia. [3]

(b) Explain two effects of human activities on the climate. [2]
(c) Describe the Highveld relief level. [5]
[Total: 10 marks]
3 (a) State five uses of forest products. [5]
(b) Explain the importance of conserving forests. [5]
[Total: 10 marks]
Part Two
1 (a) What do we learn in history? [4]
(b) Describe archaeology and oral tradition and explain how they are used to learn about the
past. [6]
[Total: 10 marks]

2 (a) What do you understand by 'Stone-Age' Period? [2]

(b) Describe the Late Stone-Age Period. [8]
[Total: 10 marks]

3 (a) Write about the origins and history of the Lunda Speaking People
of Kazembe. [5]
(b) Explain the economic organisation of the Lunda Speaking People. [5]
[Total: 10 marks]

Part Three
1 (a) What is the meaning of free and fair elections? [2]
(b) Why should citizens be involved in monitoring of elections? [8]
[Total: 10 marks]

2 (a) Identify the factors that lead to violation of human rights. [6]
(b) Why do victims of human rights fail to report perpetrators to law
enforcement agencies? [4]
[Total: 10 marks]

3 (a) Describe the chain of distribution. [2]

(b) Explain the role of a manufacturer in a chain of distribution. [8]
[Total: 10 marks]

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ANSWERS FOR SOCIAL STUDIES – 2022 INTERNAL

SECTION A [40 MARKS]
1. A 11. D 21. C 31. C
2. D 12. D 22. C 32. D
3. A 13. D 23. B 33. C
4. B 14. A 24. A 34. A
5. D 15. D 25. B 35. B
6. A 16. B 26. D 36. D
7. D 17. D 27. C 37. C
8. B 18. D 28. A 38. B
9. B 19. C 29. B 39. A
10. D 20. C 30. B 40. D

SECTION B [30 MARKS]

1 (a) (i) Town A = Mwinilunga
(ii) Town B = Chipata

(b) Tourism

(c) − High temperatures discourage settlement

 Low rainfall of less than 800mm annually
 The rough/rugged/hilly terrain
 Thin and infertile soils
 It is infested by tse tse flies
 It is game reserve area

(d) Maize
Tobacco
Soya Beans
Wheat
Irish potatoes

(e) Coal

(f) Mamba Collieries Limited

2 (a) Bantu' mean people with similar languages

(b) Benue plateau

Cameroon Highland

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(c) Luba
Lunda

(d) Luba-lunda dispersal/migration

(e) - Population increase

 Shortage of land
 Political reasons
 Drying up of the Sahara
 Succession disputes
 Need for pasture
 Bantu customs
 Witchcraft accusation
 Family quarrels
 System of cultivation
 Mere adventure
 Convicted People
 Ambition
 Occupation, e.g. blacksmith, pastoralists
 Tribal wars
 Slave Trade
 Misrule of chief

(f) Tumbuka, Nsenga, Chewa

3 (a) Fish Eagle

(b) Freedom
Ability to rise above all challenges for economic and political development.

(c) Like our noble eagle in its flight.

(d) Green / Red

(e) Land used for production

Natural resources
Agricultural activities
Vegetation

(f) Represents the people of Zambia

Equality between men and women
(g) President Kenneth Kaunda took office on October 24, 1964.
End of British colonial rule

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SECTION C: (SHORT ESSAYS) [30 MARKS]

Part One
1 (a) Describe the main features of the Chitemene System.
 Uses simple tools like hoes, axes, rakes, matchets e.t.c
 Depends on family labour
 Use ash as a fertiliser or manure
 Depends on wooded area
 Branches of trees are chopped/cut to clear the area
 Burning of dried-up cut branches
 Mainly food crops
 Practices multi-cropping
 No artificial fertiliser is applied
 Fields are abandoned once fertility of the soil is lost
 It relies on rainfall (rain fed)
 Yields are very low

(b) Explain the effects of the Chitemene System on the environment

 Deforestation
 Soil erosion
 Leaching of soils
 Reduction in rainfall amounts
 Displacement of wildlife
 Increase in wind speed
 Pollution of air through burning
 Burning destroys organic matter in the soil
 Burning leads to the loss of Nitrogen from the soil
 Increases in carbon dioxide in the air leading to global warming
 Leads to climate change

2 (a) State three main tarred road routes in Zambia.

 Lusaka Copperbelt load - links Lusaka to Copperbelt province
 Great North Road- links Zambia to Tanzania, and Zambia to Zimbabwe.
 Ndola-Kitwe Road- links Ndola to Kitwe.
 Great East Road- links Lusaka to Mongu, extensions to kalabo and Angola
 Great West Road- links Lusaka to Mongu extension to Kalabo and Angola.
 Copperbelt- Solwezi- Mwinilunga-Angola Road.
 Livingstone- Sesheke Road - linking Zambia to Botswana and Namibia.

(b) Explain two effects of human activities on the climate.

 Reduction in rainfalls caused by deforestation
 Global warming caused by emission of greenhouse gases
 Climate change / Depiction of Ozone layer

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(c) Describe the Highveld relief level

 Lies over 1200m above sea level
 Consists of highland areas e.g. Mbala highlands etc
 Consists of watershed areas e.g. Zambia
 It forms natural boundaries of Zambezi -Zaire borders, Zambia and Cong DR etc.
 It is the source of major rivers e.g. Zambezi Zaire boarders
 Zambia and Congo DR, etc
 Generally undulating in many places
 It is very hilly e.g. Mbala, Mafinga etc

3 (a) State five uses of forest products.

 Charcoal making
 Fuel wood
 Furniture making
 Coffin making
 Boat making
 Making of wooden window flames
 Used as mine props
 For roofing houses
 Making doors
 Making fences for kraals
 Making herbal medicines from leaves, roots and barks
 Wild fruits for food
 Mushrooms for food
 Caterpillars for food
 Vegetables for food
 Honey from bees for food
 Bee wax used for making polish

(b) Explain the importance of conserving forests.

 Product soil from erosion
 Provide shade for people and wildlife
 Protect catchment areas
 Provide habitat for wildlife
 Provide exchange of gases e.g. day absorbing carbon dioxide and
 night releasing oxygen
 Contribute to rainfall formation
 They trap carbon dioxide
 Source of firewood/wood fuel
 Source of timber
 Source of food / Source of building materials

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Part Two
1 (a) What do we learn in history?
 Life of people who lived in the past
 We learn about predicting the future
 About our family tree
 Respect for our ancestors
 Cultural Heritage

(b) (i) Archaeology

 It is the study about ancient remains
 It is used by Archaeologist
 Ancients' remains are materials like bones, tools, plant, artefacts
 Archaeologists excavate for fossils
 They use a C14 machine to determine how old a fossil is.

(ii) Oral traditions

 It is the study about the past through the word of life
 Information is passed from generation to generation orally, Words of mouth.
 Old stories, Songs, proverbs are used at his methods

2 (a) What do you understand by 'Stone-Age' Period?

 It is a period when man made and used stone
 Stone age long divided into three: early, middles and late

(b) Describe the Late Stone-Age Period.

 Lived between 10 000 to 200 years ago.
 The Bushman or the San lived in this period

Physical appearance
 Short, about 1- 2m
 Kinky hair
 yellowish brown skin
 Big protruding stomach

Economic Activities
 Depended on hunting and gathering
 Hunting methods: Bow and Arrow, traps, encircling, dressing in animals skins, using
hunting dogs.
 Social Organisation
 Lived in groups of about 20- 30 people
 Lived in caves
 They used animal skin for clothing
 They married very early

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 Polygamy was practised

 They mere artistic in painting

Political Organisation
 No central government
 Best leader was picked as best hunter
 Religious Organisation
 They believed in a god, kagen or Huwe
 They believed in praying mantis as an insect of god
 They danced and celebrated the full and new moon
 They believed in magic

3 (a) Write about the origins and history of the Lunda Speaking people of Kazembe.
 Originated from the Lunda kingdom of Mwatayamvo
 Mwatayamvo mudeba sent chinyanta, Mutand,Yembe- Yembe for expansion purposes
 Yembe-Yembe proved disloyal
 Chinyanta was loyal
 Chinyanta got killed by Yembe- Yembe.
 The San of chinyanta: N'ganda Bilouda was appointed Kazembe I.

(b) Explain the economic organisation of the Lunda Speaking People.

 Natural resources / Long distance trade
 Tribute / Conquest / raid
 Farming / Fishing

Part Three
1 (a) What is the meaning of free and fair elections
 When leaders have the mandate of the people to Government
 Electoral Laws should be fair to all playing the electoral process; they should be applied
without discrimination.

(b) Why should citizens be involved in monitoring of elections?

 Prevent corruption through bribery of electorates
 Ensure that the civil services is neutral
 Check police powers to ensures that no one is victimised
 Give civil education to respect human rights and enable citizens too vote wisely without
emotions.
 Ensure fair counting of ballot papers so that there is no cheating of any kind
 Assure the international community that there is or there is no fair and free election
 Audit government powers that is, to check whether or not the
 leadership is following the principles of democratic governance and rule of law
 Help create support for the lawfully elected government
 Ensure orderly and smooth handover of power from the ruling to the winning party.

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2 (a) Identify the factors that lead to violation of human rights.

 Lack of information: When people lack information, they are ignorant of their rights. This
may make them easily oppressed. They may also violate their human rights without
realising it
 Corruption: Corruption means acting dishonestly by those in position to benefit
themselves
 Poverty: When people are poor, their rights are usually violated by rich. They may also
be forced into jobs and activities that endanger their lives.
 Poor governance: Bad governance brings about violation of human rights. Bad
government will not all freedom of association
 Conflicts: Conflicts lead to wars in a county when a country is experiencing wars, people
do not enjoy their rights. People cannot move freely from one place to another and there
are many deaths.
 Selfishness: Greed and lack of compassion also leads to rights violation, selfishness can
cause both individuals and states to violate rights.
 Culture: Some elements of culture and religions lead to practices that violate human
rights. In some cultures, women are oppressed.

(b) Why do victims of human rights fail to report perpetrators to law enforcement agencies?
 Lack of Support: In some cases, victims of human rights violation are not supported,
instead they are blamed for the same suffering they are going through.
 Corruption: Some of the violators of human rights bribe the police or the judges, who in
turn declare them innocent and set them declare them innocent and set them free. This
discourages many victims from reporting the violations
 Lengthy Court proceedings: The court proceedings take long. This makes the whole
process costly ‘and time wasting. Many victims give up in the process.

3 (a) Describe the Chain of distribution

Chain of distribution is the means by which products are distributed from the
manufacturer or producer or consumers.
This is often done through middlemen, wholesalers and retailers.

(b) Explain the role of a manufacturer in a chain of distribution.

 To produce goods to be consumed by customers
 They ensure that goods are available in the market at the right time by producing them
at the right time
 They sell goods to wholesalers at a cheaper price so that wholesalers can be able to resell
the goods and make profits
 They provide storage of goods for wholesalers in their warehouses
 They create awareness about the existence of the goods to consumers through
advertising the products

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EXAMINATION COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING EXAMINATION (GRADE 9) – 2023

Social Studies 207/ 1

(EXTERNAL CANDIDATES)
Time: 2 hours 30 minutes Marks: 100

SECTION A: [40 MARKS]

Answer all questions. Mark your answers with a cross (X) on the Answer Grid provided in the Answer
Booklet.

Study the map extract and answer questions 1 to 6.

1 What is the six figure grid reference of the spot height 1294?
A 016 853
B 026 863
C 853 016
D 863 026

2 The approximate distance along the railway line from the edge of the map in grid Square 0891 to
where it crosses the regularly maintained road in grid square 0990 is ….
A 2km.
B 3Km.
C 4km.
D 5km.

3 What is the bearing of the spot height 1311 in grid square 0485 from the spot height 1330 in grid
square 0186?
A 90o
B 100o
C 109o
D 120o

4 What is the dominant economic activity according to map evidence?

A Cultivation and plantation

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B Fishing
C Scattered cultivation
D Tourism
5 According to map evidence, what is the general description of the relief east of the district
boundary?
A Generally flat
B Undulating
C Uneven
D very hilly

6 The drainage pattern on the map extract is…

A dendritic.
B radial.
C rectangular.
D trellis.

Study the following diagram and answer questions 7 and 8.

7 What is the name of this weather instrument?

A Anemometer
B Wind mill
C Wind rose
D Wind vane

8 What precaution should be taken when siting the instrument mentioned in question 7? The…
A arrow should be firmly fixed.
B compass points should be loose.
C instrument should be sited 1 000 metres above sea level.
D instrument should be sited far from tall trees and buildings.

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Study the following map and answer questions 9, 10 and 11.

9 The name of the traditional farming system practised in the area marked A is the …
A Chitemene.
B Fundika.
C Lishanjo.
D Transhumance.

10 The Railway line marked B is.

A Benguela Railways.
B Mulobezi Railways.
C Tazara Railways.
D Zambla Railways

11 The benefit of seasonal flooding to the flood plain marked C is.

A displacement of people and their cattie.
B fertile alluvial soil for crop Cultivation.
C plenty of water for crop cultivation.
D plenty or water for fish farming.

12 Which of the following crops are grown by both commercial and subsistence farmers in Zambia
A Cotton, maize, tobacco
B Cotton, maize, wheat
C Cotton, tobacco, tea
D Cotton, tobacco, wheat

13 One of the effects of rural-urban migration in rural areas is…

A increased crime. B increased job opportunities.
C reduced electricity production. D reduced food production.

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14 In 2022, the government carried out population census. The next population census is expected
to be carried out or conducted in ...
A 2027.
B 2032
C 2037,
D 2042.

15 The history of times before the discovery of writing was called …

A anthropology.
B Boral traditions.
C pre-history.
D traditional history.

16 A period of time in which a human being can grow up and have a family is called ...
A Century.
B decade.
C millennium.
D generation.

17 According to scientific view, life on earth only began when there was ...to … support
single-celled organisms.
A air and water
B carbon dioxide and oxygen
C carbon dioxide and water
D Oxygen and water

18 After the amphibians, the next form of advanced life that developed was …
A amoeba.
B anthropods.
C mammals.
D reptiles

19 Which place in East Africa was the skull of Homo habilis excavated?
A Fort Terman
B Kalambo Falls
C Olduvai Gorge
D Rusinga Islands

20 Gwisho Hot Springs is a Late Stone Age site found in..

A Choma.
B Livingstone.
C Monze.
D Mpika.

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Study the following picture and answer questions 21 and 22.

21 Which people in the Middle East (Asia) designed the structure in the picture?
A Bantu
B Cushites
C Hittites
D Nilotes

22 The structure in the picture was plastered using daga on the sides to…
A make it neat.
B prevent mud from going inside.
C Strengthen it
D trap heat inside.

23 Which of the following Bantu Speaking People do not belong to the decentralised societies in
Zambia?
A Ila and Lenje
B Lala and Lamba
C Lenje and Soli
D Tonga and Ila

24 Identify from the following, the trade items Undi supplied to the Portuguese in long distance
trade.
A Copper, Ivory, gold
B Iron, Salt, guns
C Ivory, gold, slaves
D Slaves, gold, beads
25 Explorations by Richard Burton, John Speke and James Grant in the 1850s and 1860s located the
source of the …. river.
A Congo B Niger
C Nile D Zambezi

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26 The ethnic groups of people in Zambia which were led by chiefs that resisted colonial rule are...
Speaking' People
A Bemba, Lunda, Ngoni
B Bisa, Kaonde, Tabwa
C Lozi, Lenje, Tonga
D Ngoni, Luvale, Namwanga

27 Which political party did Robert Mugabe lead?

A African National Congress (ANC)
B Zimbabwe African National Congress (ZANC)
C Zimbabwe African National Congress- Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF)
D Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)

28 The Civic Education component of Social studies helps citizens to …

A appreciate corporal punishment in society.
B know the stages of the development of man.
C learn about all the major world religions.
D prepare them to handle cross-Cutting Issues.

29 Who expanded the British influence from the south across the Limpopo River in South Central
Africa to the North?
A lan Smith
B John cecil Rnooes
C Ndabaningi sithole
D Queen Elizabeth

30 The Zambian national anthem is one of Zambia's symbols of national identity. It's tune comes
from a South African song called 'Nkhosi Sikelele Africa' which means God bless …
A Africa.
B Our land.
C South Africa.
D Zambia.

31 What does the rule of law promote?

A Apathy
B Anarchy
C Fairness
D Leadership
32 Zambian citizens have to apply for a National Registration Card (NRC) when they reach the age of
16. Which of the following is not a feature found on the National Registration Card?
A Height
B Name
C Signature
D Village

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33 Political parties must reject violence as a way of solving conflicts and should instead settle
conflicts through ...
A accusations
B agreements.
C analysis.
D arguments.

34 Which arm of government is responsible for making laws?

A Parliament
B The Executive
C The Judiciary
D The Legislature

35 When the President is forced to step down because he has worked against the constitution, it is
called.
A Impeachment.
B petition.
C ratification.
D veto.

36 Which of the following is not the function of the House of Chiefs?

A Acting as an opposition party
B Advising on traditional issues
C Distributing land to their subjects
D Making traditional laws

37 Acts by big countries to produce goods such as clothing and textile on a large Scale and sell them
cheaply making it impossible for smaller textile companies to compete is called …
A illegal business.
B petty corruption.
C Smuggling of goods.
D unfair competition.

38 What concept is used to describe a deliberate failure to pay tax by an individual company?
A Fraud
B Tax adherence
C Tax evasion
D Theft
39 The practice of treating a particular group in society less fairly than others because of sex, age of
race is called ...
A cronyism.
B deprivation.
C discrimination.
D nepotism.

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40 What does the acronym COMESA stand for?

A Commitment Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
B Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
C Confederation of Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
D Conference on Market for Eastern and Southern Africa

SECTION B: [30 MARKS]

Answer all questions in this section. Write all your answers in the inserted Answer Booklet.

1 Study the following map and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name two types of fish caught in Lake Tanganyika.

(b) What means of transport do the tourists visiting the historical site A use?

(c) What is the plantation crop grown in Mazabuka?

(d) Give one Hydro-Electric Power station (HEP) found on Kafue River.

(e) State an indigenous tree found in hardwood forests.

(f) Why does the government encourage the establishment of softwood plantations?

(g) Mention three effects of rapid population increase on the physical environment in
Lusaka.
[Total: 10 marks]

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2 Study the following photos and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Identify the methods of learning about the past depicted in photo 1 and photo 2.

(b) Which one of the photos represents a primary source of historical information?

(c) What name was given to the historians that use the method shown in photo 1?

(d) What did the historians use to determine how long a particular creature lived?

(e) Explain three disadvantages of gathering historical information using the method shown
in photo 2.

(f) Name the early type of writing which was invented by the Ancient Egyptians.

(g) Which government department is responsible for keeping historical sources?

[Total: 10 marks]

3 With reference to the United Nations specialised agencies answer the questions that follow.

(a) Which specialised agency of the United Nations Organisation (UNO) is responsible for
improving sanitation and hygiene in developing countries?

(b) When was the specialised agency mentioned in (a) established?

(c) State the specialised agency of the United Nations that protects cultural heritage sites.

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(d) Which agency of the United Nations raises world standards of working conditions?

(e) Mention three cultural heritage sites found in Zambia.

(f) How does the IMF help promote international trade? Give three ways.
[Total: 10 marks]
SECTION C: (SHORT ESSAYS) [30 MARKS]
There are three parts in this section. Answer one question from each part.

Part One
1 With reference to energy and power in Zambia,
(a) describe the types of renewable sources of energy: [4]
(b) explain the advantages of using solar energy. [6]
[Total: 10 marks]

2 (a) Explain the importance of conducting the national census. [5]

(b) What are the factors leading to rapid population growth in urban areas? [5]
[Total: 10 marks]

3 (a) Describe the types of food processing industries located in major towns in Zambia.
(b) Explain the challenges faced by food processing industries in Zambia. [5]
[Total: 10 marks]

Part Two
1 Describe the following methods of measuring time used in history.
(a) BC and AD, [6]
(b) Century and Millennium. [4]
[Total: 10 marks]

2 (a) Why did Europeans scramble for Africa? [6]

(b) Describe the terms of the Berlin Conference of 1884 – 85. [4]
[Total: 10 marks]

3 With reference to Welfare Associations and Trade Unions in Northern Rhodesia from
1900 to 1964, write on the following sub-headings:
(a) Reasons for formation [6]
(b) Achievements [4]
[Total: 10 marks]
Part Three
1 (a) Explain the meaning of two colours on Zambia's National Flag. [4]
(b) How do Zambians demonstrate respect for the National Flag? [6]
[Total: 10 marks]

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2 (a) ldentify ways in which women can be empowered. [6]

(b) Why is it important for women to own property? [4]
[Total: 10 marks]

3 (a) What are the causes of inflation? [4]

(b) Explain the effects of inflation on the economy. [6]
[Total: 10 marks]
ANSWERS FOR SOCIAL STUDIES 2023 EXTERNAL
SECTION A [40 MARKS]
1. A 6. A 11. B 16. D 21. C 26. A 31. C 36. A
2. B 7. D 12. A 17. D 22. D 27. C 32. A 37. D
3. C 8. D 13. D 18. D 23. B 28. D 33. B 38. C
4. A 9. A 14. B 19. C 24. C 29. B 34. D 39. C
5. D 10. C 15. C 20. C 25. C 30. A 35. A 40. B

SECTION B [60 MARKS]

1 (a) Nile perch or pamba
Lake sardines or kapenta , Mpulungu

(b) By road
By railway
By air
Accept; by train, by motor vehicle, aeroplane,

(c) Sugarcane

(d) Kafue Gorge H.E.P station (lower)

Itezhi-tezhi H.E.P station
Kafue Gorge H.E.P station (upper)

(e) Mukwa Mubanga

Mupapa Museshi
Kaimbi Mutobo
Mukula or rosewood Mukusi or Zambian teak

(f) To make the country to be self-sufficient in soft wood products.

To provide alternative sources of wood.
To conserve indigenous forest
To promote softwood processing industries.
To provide employment to the local people.
To provide a source of foreign exchange once timber exported.
To mitigate climate change

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It is a part of afforestation and re-afforestation program

(g) Pressure on the land for housing, burial sites etc.

Shortage of housing leading to creation of unplanned settlements.
Noise pollution.
Poor disposal of solid waste leading to pollution of land and water resources.
Land degradation.
Overcrowding on streets, households etc.
Pressure on health and educational facilities.

2 (a) Photo 1: Archaeology

Photo 2: Oral tradition

(b) Photo 1

(c) Archaeologists

(d) Radio carbon dating (Carbon 14)

(e) The method is blazed towards one grouping.

Some facts are left out.
Depends too much on human memory.
Eye witness are difficult to locate

(f) Hieroglyphics

(g) National Achieves of Zambia

3 (a) The World Health organisation (WHO)

(b) 1948

(c) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)

(d) International Labour Organisation (ILO)

(e) Curio shops

Museums
Cultural villages
Historical Sites

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(f) Promotes international monetary cooperation and exchange rate stability.

Lends money to members that have balance of payment challenges.
Works to assist the growth of International trade and to reduce poverty.

SECTION C (SHORT ESSAYS) [30 MARKS]

Part One
1 (a) Woodfuel: This is the energy obtained by burning wood or charcoal.
Hydro-electricity: Is generated or produced using the falling of water from a higher to a
lower level,
Solar power: This is power generated using the energy from the sun.
Wind: Is energy generated by wind tuning a windmill or a wind turbine.
Bio gas: Is energy produced by the fermentation of organic matter.

(b) It is dean as it does not pollute the environment.

It can be stored in batteries for later Use.
It is an alterative source of energy as it reduces dependence on petroleum and other
energy sources.
It is a cheap source of energy.
It is a renewable or an inexhaustible source of energy.
It is available in all parts of the country.
It is easy to tap, requiring minimal maintenance costs.

2 (a) To find out the number of people living a country at a particular time.
To plan for the number of social facilities to be constructed for the country.
To plan for agricultural production that is required to meet the country's food
consumption.
To plan for general elections for the voters in the country.
To find out the number of unemployed and employed people.
To plan for economic development of the nation.
To find out the age, sex ratio in the country.
To find out the level of education attainment among the people.
To find out the living standards of the people.

(b) Rural-urban migration.

High fertility rate
Early/child marriages or unplanned pregnancie5.
Preference for large family size.
Improved medical care.
Improved nutrition.
Some religious practices do not allow artificial use of contraceptives.
High poverty levels.
In adequate education.
Cultural beliefs.

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3 (a) Milling of maze and grin for flour and maize porridge.
Confectionery industries that make sweets and cakes.
Dairy milk processing of fresh milk into dairy products.
Poultry for fresh and frozen product.
sugar refinery that turn sugar cane into sugar.
Meat packaging for fresh and frozen products,
Beverage industries that make cool drinks.
Canning industries for fruits, vegetables etc.
Fish processing industries for fresh and frozen products.

(b) Competition from cheap imported products.

High cost of fuel and energy.
Poor road and railway transport network.
High cost of raw materials.
Lack of up to date technology
High interest rates on credit from banks.
High duty on imported raw materials,
Part Two
1 (a) B.C means ‘Before the birth of Jesus Christ
All the events that happened before the birth of Christ are written with the letters B.C in
front of them. B.C 752
Time before the birth of Christ is counted backwards.
The years ago for B.C are calculated by adding the year when the event happened to the
year now.
For example: How many years ago is B.C 752?
2013 + 752 = 2770 years ago.
A.D (Anno Domini) it’s a Latin word that means ‘Our Lord’ or ‘after the birth of Jesus
Christ’.
The dates of all events that happened after the birth of Jesus Christ are written with A.D
in front of them; they are measured forward after the birth of Christ E.g. AD 1835 the
Ngonis crossed the river.
Years ago for A.D are calculated by subtracting the year given from the year now.
Subtract the year given (2023) from the year now (1835).

(b) Century is a period of a hundred years in a dating system, from a year numbered 1 or 00.
Millennium is a period of 1,000 years. The word millennium comes from the Latin mill
which means thousands.
[Total: 10 marks]
2 (a) Political aims
Many European countries wanted to protect their growing trade with Africa,
They also wanted to use the resources from their trade with Africa to strengthen their
power within Europe, where there were wars between different countries.

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Economic aims
Need for raw materials; many areas in Africa offered raw materials needed in the
multiplying factories of Europe e.g. cotton, rubber, cocoa, coffee etc.
Invest surplus capitals; for instance Britain occupied Rhodesia because of minerals such
as copper, cobalt while France taking over Morocco because of iron deposits.
Ever-increasing need for more raw materials to manufacture ever more goods to sell, so
that traders could make even more profit,
The raw materials from the New World were no longer enough – so the European
nations started looking at Africa as a new source.
Social aims
European nations wanted to change the traditional African way of living to
Western ways,
European countries started looking for places in Africa to resettle their freed slaves
Religious and humanitarian aims
Christian missionaries also moved into Africa with the aim to converting the local people
to Christianity, offered Western education and medical services to the converts,
Missionaries wanted the protection of their countries‟ governments against the slave
traders.

(b) Establishment of a free trade zone.

Address humanitarian issues that were brought due to slave trade.
Any European nation that took possession of a territory or protectorates had to inform
other powers to avoid clashes.
End slave trade in Africa and providing for the welfare of Africa.
A country which occupied any territory had to be financially strong.
River Niger and Congo were to be free for transportation.

3 (a) Reasons for formation

Protect African interests.
Fight all colonial injustices such as pass laws, heavy taxation.
Promote better working conditions for Africans in the mines.
To resist colonisation.
To promote nationalism and lead the struggle for independence.
Promote African values and beliefs.
To protect rights for Africans by raising awareness.
Advocate for better ages for African workers.
They became political movements which fought for independence.

(b) Achievements
Organised strikes, demonstrations and boycotts such as in 1935 and 1940 in Lusaka and
Copperbelt.
Welfare societies became political parties like the Federation of Welfare Societies which
became a political party called Northern
Rhodesia African National Congress (NRANC).

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Conducted the civil disobedience in 1961 known as Chachacha.

Northern Rhodesia gained independence in 1964.

Part Three
1 (a) The Zambian flag has four colours namely:
Green represents Zambia's land and natural resources.
Red represents the bloodshed in the independence struggle.
Black stands for the indigenous people of Zambia.
Orange stands for the country's mineral wealth.

(b) Singing the National Anthem under a flag during official occasions like school assemblies.
Saluting the National Fag.
Mounting it in all public places.
Mounting on all Zambian embassies local and abroad.
Putting it on government documents.
Flying it on government vehicles like ministerial and presidential motorcades.
Lowering it to half-mast during national funerals.
Flying it on Independence Day on 24th October every year.

2 (a) Education
Knowledge is very important in transforming a society.
Knowledge can be used to change some of the customs and traditions that have negative effects
on women.
Self esteem
Girls should be taught from childhood to have big ambitions and be courageous to pursue them.
Some drop out of school because of limited ambitions.
They always remain behind in matters of development and only prepare themselves for
marriages.
Assertiveness
Young girls should be taught and encouraged to be assertive.
Assertiveness is about knowing what you want and why and being able to take the necessary
decisions.
They can make decisions without submitting to negative traditional and cultural norms.
Economic empowerment
The government can avail soft loans and grants to women to enable them achieve financial
independence.
Many women lack capital to enlarge their businesses.
Right to own property
Women contribution to production of food Is the big9est in developing countries.
They use simple tools like hoes and spend time in gardens than men.

(b) Entrepreneurship skills

Women need to gain skills and experiences on how both small scale businesses and large enter
enterprises are managed.
Some women in business lack skills to manage their businesses and as a result they fail.

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Gender balance
The government should make policies ensuring that all management positions in civil service are
equitably shared between capable men and women.
As more women take positions of leadership in our country, other women will be encouraged in
their country’s national development.

3 (a) Inflation means loss of money value. It is a rise in the general levels to prices of goods
and services over a period of time.
Inflation is caused in a situation where:
There is a rise in the price of goods and services
Goods and services are in high demand creating a shortage.
Supply cannot expand to meet demand.
There is a sharp demand for commodities and services.
The general price levels of goods and services rise owing to the rising input costs.

(b) Inflation has negative effects on the economy because it:

is difficult for companies to budget effectively.
discourages investment and Savings.
can Impose hidden tax increases.
may fail to attract real income.
can cause negative real Interest rates.
may lead to high cost of borrowing due to high Interest rates.
may also lead to an Increase in pay claims as people struggle to protect their real income.

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