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 Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
climbed down the shafts to bring out the Jews and not infrequently
they then stumbled over Jews already dead or were shot at. It was
always necessary to use smoke candles to drive out the Jews. Thus
one day we opened 183 sewer entrance holes and at a fixed time
lowered smoke candles into them, with the result that the bandits
fled from what they believed to be gas into the center of the former
ghetto, where they could then be pulled out of the sewer holes
there. A great number of Jews who could not be counted were
exterminated by blowing up sewers and dugouts.
“The longer the resistance lasted, the tougher the men of the
Waffen-SS, Police, and Wehrmacht became. They fulfilled their duty
indefatigably in faithful comradeship and stood together as models
and examples of soldiers. Their duty hours often lasted from early
morning until late at night. At night search patrols, with rags wound
around their feet, remained at the heels of the Jews and gave them
no respite. Not infrequently they caught and killed Jews who used
the night hours for supplementing their stores from abandoned
dugouts and for contacting neighboring groups or exchanging news
with them.
“Considering that the greater part of the men of the Waffen-SS had
only been trained for 3 to 4 weeks before being assigned to this
action, high credit should be given to the pluck, courage, and
devotion to duty which they showed. It must be stated that the
Wehrmacht Engineers, too, executed the blowing up of dugouts,
sewers, and concrete buildings with indefatigability and great
devotion to duty. Officers and men of the Police, a large part of
whom had already been at the front, again excelled by their dashing
spirit.
“Only through the continuous and untiring work of all involved did
we succeed in catching a total of 56,065 Jews whose extermination
can be proved. To this should be added the number of Jews who lost
their lives in explosions or fires but whose number could not be
ascertained.”
 THE PRESIDENT: Major Walsh, in the section that you are just
upon now, ought you not to read the opening paragraphs of this
document, which set out the amount of the losses of the German
troops?
MAJOR WALSH: I will do so, Sir. On Page 1 of the translation, I
quote. The title: “The Warsaw Ghetto is no more.”
“For the Führer and their country the following fell in the battle for
the destruction of Jews and bandits in the former Jewish residential
area of Warsaw.”—Fifteen names are thereafter listed.
“Furthermore, the Polish Police Sergeant Julian Zielenski, born 13
November 1891, 8th Commissariat, fell on 19 April 1943 while
fulfilling his duty. They gave their utmost, their life. We shall never
forget them.
“The following were wounded. . . .”
Then follow the names of 60 Waffen-SS personnel, 11 watchmen
from training camps (probably Lithuanians), 12 Security Police
officers in SS units, 5 men of the Polish Police, and 2 soldiers of the
Wehrmacht Engineers.
Permit me to read some brief excerpts of the daily teletype
reports. Page 13 of the translation, from the teletype message of 22
April 1943, I read:
“Our setting the block on fire achieved the result in the course of the
night that those Jews whom we had not been able to find despite all
our search operations left their hideouts under the roofs, in the
cellars, and elsewhere and appeared on the outside of the building,
trying to escape the flames anyhow. Masses of them—entire families
—were already aflame and jumped from the windows or endeavored
to let themselves down by means of sheets tied together or the like.
Steps had been taken so that these Jews as well as the remaining
ones were liquidated at once.”
And from Page 28 of the translation, the last part of the first
paragraph, I read:
“When the blocks of buildings mentioned above were destroyed, 120
Jews were caught and numerous Jews were destroyed when they
jumped from the attics to the inner courtyards, trying to escape the
flames. Many more Jews perished in the flames or were destroyed
when the dugouts and sewer entrances were blown up.”
And on Page 30, second half of the second paragraph, I read:
“Not until the blocks of buildings were well aflame and were about
to collapse did a considerable number of Jews emerge, forced to do
so by the flames and the smoke. Time and again the Jews tried to
escape even through burning buildings. Innumerable Jews whom we
saw on the roofs during the conflagration perished in the flames.
Others emerged from the upper stories in the last possible moment
and were only able to escape death from the flames by jumping
down. Today we caught a total of 2,283 Jews of whom 204 were
shot; and innumerable Jews were destroyed in dugouts and in the
flames.”
And from Page 34, the second paragraph, I read, beginning the
second line:
“The Jews testify that they emerge at night to get fresh air, since it
is unbearable to stay permanently within the dugouts owing to the
long duration of the operation. On the average the raiding parties
shoot 30 to 50 Jews each night. From these statements it was to be
inferred that a considerable number of Jews are still underground in
the ghetto. Today we blew up a concrete building which we had not
been able to destroy by fire. In this operation we learned that the
blowing up of a building is a very lengthy process and takes an
enormous amount of explosives. The best and only method for
destroying the Jews therefore still remains the setting of fires.”
And from Page 35, the last part of the second paragraph, I read:
“Some depositions speak of three to four thousand Jews still
remaining in underground holes, sewers, and dugouts. The
undersigned is resolved not to terminate the large-scale operation
until the last Jew has been destroyed.”
 And from the teletype message of 15 May 1943 on Page 44, we
gather that the operation is in its last stage. I read the end of the
first paragraph on Page 44:
“A special unit once more searched the last block of buildings, which
was still intact, in the ghetto and subsequently destroyed it. In the
evening the chapel, mortuary, and all other buildings in the Jewish
cemetery were blown up or destroyed by fire.”
On 24 May 1943 the final figures have been compiled by Major
General Stroop. He reports on Page 45, last paragraph:
“Of the total of 56,065 caught, about 7,000 were destroyed in the
former Jewish residential area during large-scale operations; 6,929
Jews were destroyed by transporting them to T. II”—which we
believe to be Treblinka, Camp Number 2, which will later be referred
to—“the sum total of Jews destroyed is therefore 13,929. Beyond
the number of 56,065 an estimated number of 5,000 to 6,000 Jews
were destroyed by being blown up or by perishing in the flames.”
The Court has noted within the report 1061-PS a number of
photographs; and with the Court’s permission I should like to show a
few of these photographs, still pictures, on the screen, unless the
Court believes that reference to the original text will be sufficient for
the Court’s purpose.
THE PRESIDENT: No; if you want to put them on the screen, you
may do so. Perhaps it would be convenient to adjourn now and you
can put them on the screen afterwards.
[A recess was taken.]

[Still pictures were projected on the screen in the courtroom.]

MAJOR WALSH: This first picture [pointing to a picture on the

screen] is shown on Page 27 of the photographs in Document 1061-
PS. It is entitled “The Destruction of a Block of Buildings.” The Court
will recall those portions of the teletype messages that referred to
the setting of fires for the purpose of driving out the Jews. This
picture, taken from the record, portrays such a scene.
 This picture [pointing to a picture on the screen] is from Page 21
of the photographs contained in the exhibit, and the caption is
“Smoking out of the Jews and Bandits.” Excerpts from the teletype
messages read in the record relate to the use of smoke as a means
of forcing Jews out of the hiding places.
This picture [pointing to a picture on the screen] is from Page 36
of the photographs in the exhibit and it is called “Fighting a Nest of
Resistance.” It is obviously a picture of an explosive blast being used
to destroy one of the buildings, and the Court may recall the
message of 7 May 1943 that related to the blowing up of buildings
as a lengthy process requiring an enormous amount of explosive.
The same message reported that the best method for destroying the
Jews was the setting of fires.
This picture [pointing to a picture on the screen] is taken from
Page 36 of the photographs. The Court’s attention is invited to the
figure of a man in mid-air who appears in the picture about halfway
between the center and the upper right-hand corner. He has jumped
from one of the upper floors of the burning building. A close
examination of this picture by the Court in the original photograph
will disclose other figures, in the upper floor windows, who
apparently are about to follow him. The teletype message of 22 April
reported that entire families jumped from burning buildings and
were liquidated at once.
This picture [pointing to a picture on the screen] is from Page 39
of the photographs. It is entitled “The Leader of the Large-scale
Action.” The Nazi-appointed commander of this action was SS Major
General Stroop, who probably is the central figure in this picture. I
cannot refrain from commenting at this point on the smiling faces of
the group shown there, in the midst of the violence and destruction.
THE PRESIDENT: Are you passing from that document now?
MAJOR WALSH: Yes, Sir.
THE PRESIDENT: Will you tell the Tribunal where the document
was found?
MAJOR WALSH: It is a captured document, Sir. I do not have the
history, but I shall be very pleased to submit the background and
history to the Court at the beginning of the afternoon session.
 THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal, I think, would like to know where
it was found and to whom it was submitted.
MAJOR WALSH: I have that. I believe that is contained in the
document. The teletype messages, Sir, that are contained in this
exhibit were all addressed to the Higher SS and Police Führer, SS
Obergruppenführer and General of the Police Krüger or his deputy.
It was not always necessary, or perhaps desirable, first to place
the Jews within the ghettos to effect the elimination. In the Baltic
States a more direct course of action was followed. I refer to
Document L-180, now in evidence, which is Exhibit USA-276. This is
a report by SS Brigade Führer Stahlecker to Himmler, dated 15
October 1941, entitled “Action Group A,” found in Himmler’s private
files. He reported that 135,567 persons, nearly all Jews, were
murdered in accordance with basic orders directing the complete
annihilation of the Jews. This voluminous document provides me
with the following statement by the same SS Brigade Führer, and
from the translation at the bottom of Page 6, the second sentence of
the last paragraph, I read:
“To our surprise it was not easy, at first, to set in motion an
extensive pogrom against the Jews. Klimatis, the leader of the
partisan unit mentioned above, who was used for this purpose
primarily, succeeded in starting a pogrom on the basis of advice
given to him by a small advanced detachment acting in Kovno and in
such a way that no German order or German instigation was noticed
from the outside. During the first pogrom in the night from 25 to 26
June the Lithuanian partisans did away with more than 1,500 Jews,
setting fire to several synagogues or destroying them by other
means and burning down a Jewish dwelling district consisting of
about 60 houses. During the following nights 2,300 Jews were
eliminated in a similar way.”
From the last part of Paragraph 3, Page 7, I read:
“It was possible, though, through similar influences on the Latvian
auxiliary to set in motion a pogrom against the Jews also in Riga.
During this pogrom all synagogues were destroyed and about 400
Jews were killed.”
Nazi ingenuity reached a new high mark with the construction
and operation of the gas van as a means of mass annihilation of the
Jews. A description of these vehicles of horror and death and the
operation of them is fully set forth in a captured top-secret
document, dated 16 May 1942, addressed to SS
Obersturmbannführer Rauff, 8 Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse, Berlin, from Dr.
Becker, SS Untersturmführer. I offer this document, 501-PS, Exhibit
USA-288. I quote:
“The overhauling of vans by groups D and C is finished. While the
vans in the first series can also be put into action if the weather is
not too bad, the vans of the second series (Saurer) stop completely
in rainy weather. If it has rained for instance for only one-half hour,
the van cannot be used because it simply skids away. It can only be
used in absolutely dry weather. It is a question now of whether the
van can be used only when it stands at the place of execution. First
the van has to be brought to that place, which is possible only in
good weather. The place of execution is usually 10 to 15 kilometers
away from the highway and is difficult of access because of its
location; in damp or wet weather it is not accessible at all. If the
persons to be executed are driven or led to that place, then they
realize immediately what is going on and get restless, which is to be
avoided as far as possible. There is only one way left: to load them
at the collecting point and to drive them to the spot.
“I ordered the vans of group D to be camouflaged as house-trailers
by putting one set of window shutters on each side of the small van
and two on each side of the larger vans, such as one often sees on
farm houses in the country. The vans became so well-known that
not only the authorities but also the civilian population called the van
‘death van’ as soon as one of the vehicles appeared. It is my opinion
the van cannot be kept secret for any length of time, not even
camouflaged.”
And then I read the fourth paragraph on this page:
“Because of the rough terrain and the indescribable road and
highway conditions the caulkings and rivets loosen in the course of
time. I was asked if in such cases the vans should not be brought to
Berlin for repairs. Transportation to Berlin would be much too
expensive and would demand too much fuel. In order to save these
expenses I ordered them to have smaller leaks soldered and, if that
should no longer be possible, to notify Berlin immediately by radio,
that License Number . . . is out of order. Besides that I ordered that
during application of gas all the men were to be kept as far away
from the vans as possible, so that they should not suffer damage to
their health by the gas which eventually would escape. I should like
to take this opportunity to bring the following to your attention:
Several commands have had the unloading, after the application of
gas, done by their own men. I brought to the attention of the
commanders of these special detachments concerned the immense
psychological injury and damage to their health which that work can
have for those men, even if not immediately, at least later on. The
men complained to me about headaches which appeared after each
unloading. Nevertheless they don’t want to change the orders,
because they are afraid prisoners called for that work could use an
opportune moment to flee. To protect the men from such damage, I
request orders be issued accordingly. The application of gas usually
is not undertaken correctly. In order to come to an end as fast as
possible, the driver presses the accelerator to the fullest extent. By
doing that the persons to be executed suffer death from suffocation
and not death by dozing off as was planned. My directions now have
proved that by correct adjustment of the levers death comes faster
and the prisoners fall asleep peacefully. Distorted faces and
excretions, such as could be seen before, are no longer noticed.
“Today I shall continue my journey to group B, where I can be
reached with further news. Signed, Doctor Becker, SS
Untersturmführer.”
On Page 3 in Document 501-PS we find a letter signed by
Hauptsturmführer Trühess on the subject of S-Vans, addressed to
the Reich Security Main Office, Room II-D-3-A, Berlin, marked “top
secret.” This letter establishes that the vans were used for the
annihilation of the Jews. I read this top-secret message; subject, “S-
Vans”:
“A transport of Jews, which has to be treated in a special way,
arrives weekly at the office of the commandant of the Security Police
and the Security Service of White Ruthenia.
“The three S-vans which are there are not sufficient for that
purpose. I request assignment of another S-van (5 tons). At the
same time I request the shipment of 20 gas hoses for the three S-
vans on hand (two Diamond, one Saurer), since the ones on hand
are leaky already.”—Signed—“the Commandant of the Security Police
and the Security Service, Ostland.”
It would appear from the documentary evidence that a certain
amount of discord existed between the officials of the German
Government as to the proper means and methods used in
connection with the program of extermination. A secret report dated
18 June 1943, addressed to Defendant Rosenberg, complained that
5,000 Jews killed by the police and SS might have been used for
forced labor and chided them for failing to bury the bodies of those
liquidated. I offer in evidence this file, Document Number R-135,
Exhibit USA-289.
THE PRESIDENT: Is it in these volumes, Major Walsh?
MAJOR WALSH: I think, Sir, that will be found in the assembly of
the document book in our case; that has been placed in front of R-
124. I quote from the letter referred to, addressed to the Reich
Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories, the first paragraph of
the translation:
“The fact that Jews receive special treatment requires no further
discussion. However, it appears hardly believable that this was done
in the way described in the report of the General Commissioner of 1
June 1943. What is Katyn against that? Imagine only that these
occurrences might become known to the other side and be exploited
by them! Most likely such propaganda would have no effect, only
because people who hear and read about it simply would not be
ready to believe it.”
The last part of Paragraph 3 on this page reads:
“To lock men, women, and children into barns and to set fire to
them does not appear to be a suitable method for combatting
bands, even if it is desired to exterminate the population. This
method is not worthy of the German cause and hurts our reputation
severely.”
Günther, the prison warden at Minsk, in a letter dated 31 May
1943, addressed to the General Commissioner for White Ruthenia,
subject: “Action against Jews,” was critical by implication. With the
Court’s permission I would like to read this entire letter, part of
Document R-135, Page 5, subject: “Action Against Jews”:
“On 13 April 1943 the former German dentist Ernst Israel Tichauer
and his wife, Elisa Sara Tichauer, née Rosenthal, were committed to
the court prison by the Security Service . . . . Since that time all
German and Russian Jews who were turned over to us had their
gold bridgework, crowns, and fillings pulled or broken out. This
happens always 1 to 2 hours before the respective action.
“Since 13 April 1943, 516 German and Russian Jews have been
finished off. On the basis of a definite investigation gold was taken
only in two actions—on 14 April 1943, from 172, and on 27 April
1943, from 164 Jews. About 50 percent of the Jews had gold teeth,
bridgework, or fillings. Hauptscharführer Rübe of the Security
Service was always personally present, and he took the gold along,
too.
“Before 13 April 1943 this was not done. Signed, Günther, Prison
Warden.”
This letter was forwarded to the Defendant Rosenberg as Reich
Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories on 1 June 1943. I will
read the covering letter, part of Document R-135, Page 4, to the
Reich Minister of the Occupied Eastern Territories, Berlin, through
the Reich Commissioner for the Ostland, Riga; Subject, “Actions
against Jews in the Prison of Minsk”:
“The enclosed official report from the warden of the prison in Minsk
is submitted to the Reich Minister and the Reich Commissioner for
Information.”—Signed—“the General Commissioner in Minsk.”
THE PRESIDENT: Does “respective action,” as indicated in the
letter dated the 31st of May 1943, mean execution?
MAJOR WALSH: Yes, Sir; we so interpret it. The Court will recall
that the ridding of the Jews via gas vans ties in very closely with the
second letter of the transport of Jews arriving for that purpose.
THE PRESIDENT: Was this document found in Rosenberg’s file?
MAJOR WALSH: I am so informed, Sir. A further complaint is
contained in a secret letter addressed to General of the Infantry
Thomas, chief of the industrial armament department, dated 2
December 1941. It might be noted with interest that the
apprehensive writer of this letter stated that he did not forward the
communication through official channels. I offer in evidence
captured Document 3257-PS; and I quote from the first paragraph.
This is Exhibit USA-290:
“For the personal information of the chief of the industrial armament
department, I am forwarding a total account of the present situation
in the Reichskommissariat Ukraine in which the difficulties and
tensions encountered so far and the problems which give rise to
serious anxiety are stated with unmistakable clarity.
“Intentionally I have desisted from submitting such a report through
official channels or from making it known to other departments
interested in it because I do not expect any results that way, but on
the contrary am apprehensive that the difficulties and tensions and
also the divergent opinions might only be increased due to the
peculiarity of the situation.”
“Jewish problem”—Paragraph c, Page 1:
“Regulation of the Jewish question in the Ukraine was a difficult
problem because the Jews constituted a large part of the urban
population. We therefore have to deal—just as in the Government
General—with a mass problem of policy concerning the population.
Many cities had a percentage of Jews exceeding 50 percent. Only
the rich Jews had fled from the German troops. The majority of Jews
remained under German administration. The latter found the
problem more complicated through the fact that these Jews
represented almost entire trade and even a part of the manpower in
small and medium industries, besides business, which had in part
become superfluous as a direct or indirect result of the war. The
elimination therefore necessarily had far-reaching economic
consequences and even direct consequences for the armament
industry (production for supplying the troops).”
Paragraph 1 on Page 2:
“The attitude of the Jewish population was anxious—obliging from
the beginning. They tried to avoid everything that might displease
the German administration. That they hated the German
administration and army inwardly goes without saying and cannot be
surprising. However, there is no proof that Jewry as a whole or even
to a greater part was implicated in acts of sabotage . . . . Surely
there were some terrorists or saboteurs among them, just as among
the Ukrainians. But it cannot be said that the Jews as such
represented a danger to the German Armed Forces. The output
produced by Jews who, of course, were prompted by nothing but
the feeling of fear, was satisfactory to the troops and the German
administration.
“The Jewish population remained temporarily unmolested shortly
after the fighting. Only weeks, sometimes months later, specially
detached formations of police executed a planned shooting of Jews.
This action as a rule proceeded from east to west. It was done
entirely in public with the use of the Ukrainian militia; and
unfortunately, in many instances also with members of the Armed
Forces taking part voluntarily. The way these actions, which included
men and old men, women, and children of all ages, were carried out
was horrible. The great masses executed make this action more
gigantic than any similar measure taken so far in the Soviet Union.
So far about 150,000 to 200,000 Jews may have been executed in
the part of the Ukraine belonging to the Reichskommissariat; no
consideration was given to the interests of economy.
“Summarizing, it can be said that the kind of solution of the Jewish
problem applied to the Ukraine, which obviously was based on the
ideological theories as a matter of principle, had the following
results:
“(a) Elimination of a part of partly superfluous eaters in the cities;
“(b) Elimination of a part of the population which undoubtedly hated
us;
“(c) Elimination of badly needed tradesmen who were in many
instances indispensable even in the interests of the Armed Forces;
“(d) Consequences as to foreign policy propaganda which are
obvious;
“(e) Bad effects on the troops which in any case get indirect contact
with the execution;
“(f) Brutalizing effect on the formations which carry out the
execution—regular police.”
Lest the Court be persuaded to the belief that these conditions
related, existed only in the East, I invite attention to the official
Netherlands Government report by the Commissioner for
Repatriation as indicative of the treatment of the Jews in the West.
This document is a recital of the German measures taken in the
Netherlands against the Dutch Jews. The decrees, the anti-Semitic
demonstrations, the burning of synagogues, the purging of Jews
from the economic life of their country, the food restrictions against
them, forced labor, concentration camp confinement, deportation,
and death—all follow the same pattern that was effected throughout
Nazi-occupied Europe.
I how refer to Document 1726-PS, Exhibit USA-195, already in
evidence. It is not intended to read this document in evidence, but it
is deemed important to invite the Court’s attention to that portion of
the report relating to the deportation of Dutch Jews shown on Page
5 of the translation. There the Court will note that full Jews being
liable to deportation number 140,000. The Court will also note that
the total number of deportees was 117,000, representing more than
83 percent of all the Jews in the Netherlands. Of these 115,000 were
deported to Poland for slave labor, according to the Netherlands
report, and after departure all trace of them was lost. Regardless of
victory or defeat to Germany, the Jew was doomed. It was the
expressed intent of the Nazi State that, whatever the German fate
might be, the Jew would not survive.
I offer in evidence Document L-53, stamped “top secret,” Exhibit
USA-291. This message is from the Commandant of the Sipo and SD
for the Radom District, addressed to SS Hauptsturmführer Thiel on
the subject, “Clearance of Prisons.” I read the body of this message:
“I again stress the fact that the number of inmates of the Sipo and
SD prisons must be kept as low as possible. In the present situation,
particularly, those suspects handed over by the civil police need only
be subjected to a short formal interrogation provided there are no
serious grounds for suspicion. They are then to be sent by the
quickest route to a concentration camp should no court-martial
proceeding be necessary or should there be no question of
discharge. Please keep the number of discharges very low. Should
the situation at the front necessitate it, early preparations are to be
made for the total clearance of prisons. Should the situation develop
suddenly in such a way that it is impossible to evacuate the
prisoners, the prison inmates are to be eliminated and their bodies
disposed of as far as possible (burning, blowing up the building, et
cetera). If necessary, Jews still employed in the armament industry
or on other work are to be dealt with in the same way.
“The liberation of prisoners or Jews by the enemy—be it the WB or
the Red Army—must be avoided under all circumstances, nor may
they fall into their hands alive.”
THE PRESIDENT: What is the WB?
 MAJOR WALSH: I have inquired about the WB, Your Honor, from
several sources and have not found an understanding or a statement
of it. Perhaps before the afternoon session I may be able to
enlighten the Court. I have not yet been able to find out.
THE PRESIDENT: Where was the document found?
MAJOR WALSH: It is a captured document, Sir.
THE PRESIDENT: Does it relate to prisoners of war, did you say?
MAJOR WALSH: No, Sir; including therein, of course, prisoners of
war as well as all Jews. The history of the document, Sir, I will try to
gather for the Court’s information.
THE PRESIDENT: Yes. Did you tell us what the Sipo were?
MAJOR WALSH: Yes, Sir; I furnished the Court with that; that is
the Security Police, Sir.
This presentation, if the Court please, would be incomplete
without incorporating herein reference to the concentration camps
insofar as they relate to the hundreds of thousands—millions—of
Jews who died by mass shooting, gas, poison, starvation, and other
means. The subject of concentration camps and all its horrors was
shown to this Tribunal not only in the motion picture film but by the
most able presentation of Mr. Dodd yesterday; and it is not intended,
at this time, to refer to the camps—only insofar as they relate to the
part they played in the annihilation of the Jewish people. For
example, in the camp at Auschwitz during July 1944 Jews were killed
at the rate of 12,000 daily. This information is contained in
Document L-161, Exhibit USA-292. The Document L-161 is an official
Polish report on Auschwitz Concentration Camp. It is dated 31 May
1945. I have taken a short excerpt from this report on the original
marked . . .
THE PRESIDENT: I think you made a mistake, did you not? It is
not a Polish report; it is a British report.
MAJOR WALSH: I understand, Sir, it was compiled originally by
the Polish Government and perhaps distributed from London.
THE PRESIDENT: I see. Very well.
MAJOR WALSH: I quote:
“During July 1944 Hungarian Jews were being liquidated at the rate
of 12,000 daily; and as the crematoria could not deal with such
numbers, many bodies were thrown into large pits and covered with
quicklime.”
I offer in evidence Document 3311-PS, Exhibit USA-293. This is
an official Polish Government Commission report on the investigation
of German crimes in Poland. The document describes the
concentration camp at Treblinka; and from Page 1, Paragraph 3 and
4, I read as follows:
“In March 1942 the Germans began to erect another camp, Treblinka
B, in the neighborhood of Treblinka A, intended to become a place of
torment for Jews.
“The erection of this camp was closely connected with the German
plans aimed at a complete destruction of the Jewish population in
Poland, which necessitated the creation of a machinery by means of
which the Polish Jews could be killed in large numbers. Late in April
1942 erection was completed of the first chambers in which these
general massacres were to be performed by means of steam.
Somewhat later the erection of the real death building, which
contains 10 death chambers, was finished. It was opened for
wholesale murders early in autumn 1942.”
And on Page 3 of this report, beginning with the second
paragraph, the Polish Commission describes graphically the
procedure for the extermination within the camp:
“The average number of Jews dealt with at the camp in the summer
of 1942 was about two railway transports daily, but there were days
of much higher efficiency. From autumn 1942 this number was
falling.
“After unloading in the siding, all victims were assembled in one
place, where men were separated from women and children. In the
first days of the existence of the camp the victims were made to
believe that after a short stay in the camp, necessary for bathing
and disinfection, they would be sent farther east for work.
Explanations of this sort were given by SS men who assisted at the
unloading of the transports, and further explanations could be read
in notices stuck up on the walls of the barracks. But later, when
more transports had to be dealt with, the Germans dropped all
pretenses and only tried to accelerate the procedure.
“All victims had to strip off their clothes and shoes, which were
collected afterwards, whereupon all victims, women and children
first, were driven into the death chambers. Those too slow or too
weak to move quickly were driven in by rifle butts, by whipping and
kicking, often by Sauer himself. Many slipped and fell; the next
victims pressed forward and stumbled over them. Small children
were simply thrown inside. After being filled up to capacity, the
chambers were hermetically closed and steam was let in. In a few
minutes all was over. The Jewish menial workers had to remove the
bodies from the platform and to bury them in mass graves. By and
by, as new transports arrived, the cemetery grew, extending in an
easterly direction.
“From reports received it may be assumed that several hundred
thousands of Jews have been exterminated in Treblinka.”
I now offer in evidence the document identified by Number L-22,
Exhibit USA-294. This is an official United States Government report
issued by the Executive Office of the President of the United States,
War Refugee Board, on the German camps at Auschwitz and
Birkenau, dated 1944. On Page 33 of this report is set forth the
number of Jews gassed in Birkenau in the 2-year period between
April 1942 and April 1944. I have been assured that the figure
printed in this report is not a typographical error. The number shown
is 1,765,000.
I would now like to turn to the German bookkeeping and
statistics for enlightenment on the extermination of Jews in Poland.
Referring again to the diary of Hans Frank already in evidence,
Document 2233-PS, Exhibit USA-281, I read briefly from the
beginning of the fourth paragraph on Page 1:
“For us the Jews also represent extraordinarily malignant gluttons.
“We have now approximately 2,500,000 of them in the Government
General . . .”
THE PRESIDENT: Major Walsh, you have read this already
yourself.
MAJOR WALSH: Yes, Sir, that is true. I just want to make
reference to it again, Sir, for comparison with other figures.
THE PRESIDENT: Very well.
MAJOR WALSH: “. . . perhaps with the Jewish mixtures, and
everything that goes with it, 3,500,000 Jews.”
Now this figure, if the Court please, was as of 16 December
1941. I now wish to turn to 25 January 1944, 3 years and 1 month
later, and make reference to another excerpt from Frank’s diary,
2233-PS, loose-leaf volume Exhibit USA-295. This volume covers the
period from 1 January 1944 to 28 February 1944, and Page 5 of the
original reads:
“At the present time we still have in the Government General
perhaps 100,000 Jews.”
In this period of 3 years, according to the records of the then
Governor General of Occupied Poland, between 2,400,000 and
3,400,000 Jews had been eliminated.
The Prosecution could offer this Tribunal a wealth of evidence on
the total number of Jews who died by Nazi hands, but it is believed
that cumulative evidence would not vary the guilt of these
defendants.
I do wish, however, to offer one document, a statement, to
establish the deaths of 4 million Jews in camps and deaths of 2
million Jews by the State Police in the East, making a total of 6
million—Document 2738-PS, Exhibit USA-296. This is a statement—
of Adolf Eichmann, Chief of the Jewish Section of the Gestapo, and
the source of the figures quoted—made by Dr. Wilhelm Hoettl,
Deputy Group Leader of the foreign section of the Security Service,
Amt VI of the RSHA. Dr. Wilhelm Hoettl, in affidavit form, made the
following statement; and I quote from Page 2:
“Approximately 4 million Jews had been killed in the various
concentration camps, while an additional 2 million met death in
other ways, the major part of which were shot by operational squads
of the Security Police during the campaign against Russia.”
May I, in conclusion, emphasize that the captured documents in
evidence are, almost without exception, from the official sources of
the Nazi Party.
THE PRESIDENT: You only read that one statement, but where
does the person who made the affidavit get his information from?
MAJOR WALSH: I shall be pleased to read that in there, Sir. I
made a statement that Eichmann has been the source of the
information given to Dr. Wilhelm Hoettl, one of his assistants, and on
Page 1 it says:
“According to my knowledge Eichmann was at that time a section
leader in the Amt IV (Gestapo) of RSHA; and in addition he had
been ordered by Himmler to get hold of the Jews in all the European
countries and to transport them to Germany. Eichmann was then
very much impressed with the fact that Romania had withdrawn
from the war in those days. Therefore, he had come to me to get
information about the military situation, which I received daily from
the Hungarian . . . Ministry of War and from the Commander of the
Waffen-SS in Hungary. He expressed his conviction that Germany
had lost the war and that he personally had no further chance. He
knew that he would be considered one of the main war criminals by
the United Nations, since he had millions of Jewish lives on his
conscience. I asked him how many that was, to which he answered
that although the number was a great Reich secret, he would tell me
since I, as a historian too, would be interested and that probably he
would not return anyhow from his command in Romania. He had,
shortly before that, made a report to Himmler, as the latter wanted
to know the exact number of Jews who had been killed.”
It was on that basis of this information, Sir, that I read the
following quotation.
THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal will adjourn now.
[A recess was taken until 1400 hours.]
 Afternoon Session
THE PRESIDENT: The motion that was made this morning on
behalf of the Defendant Kaltenbrunner is denied, and the affidavit is
admitted and will not be stricken from the record. But the Tribunal
wished me to say that it is open to the Defendants’ Counsel, in
accordance with the Charter and the Rules, to make a motion, in
writing, if they wish to do so, for the attendance of Pfaffenberger for
cross-examination and to state in that motion the reasons therefor.
DR. KAUFFMANN: May I now bring up a question similar, though
in some respects different, from that of Pfaffenberger? I request that
the evidence of Dr. Hoettl, which was read into the record this
morning be stricken out again for the following two reasons. As far
as I know, Dr. Hoettl is here in Nuremberg . . .
THE PRESIDENT: One minute. Do you understand that the
Tribunal has just denied the motion that you made this morning?
DR. KAUFFMANN: Yes, I understood that perfectly.
THE PRESIDENT: What is your motion now?
DR. KAUFFMANN: I should like to ask that the evidence of Dr.
Hoettl be stricken from the record. My reasons for this request are
rather different from those given this morning in the Pfaffenberger
case.
As can be seen from the affidavit, Dr. Hoettl was interrogated on
the 26th of November hardly 3 weeks ago. Moreover I gather that
Dr. Hoettl is kept in custody here in Nuremberg. No delay would
therefore be involved if this witness were called to the stand.
This man held a significant position in the SS and for that reason
I have already applied in writing that he be called as a witness. I am
convinced that there is a large amount of important evidence which
he can reveal to the Court. Dr. Hoettl’s deposition is infinitely
important. The death of millions of people is involved here. His
affidavit is based largely on inferences, on hearsay; I believe that
the facts are very different, and I would not like to apply later, after
weeks or months, for the witness to be brought into Court.
 MAJOR WALSH: If the Court please, excerpts from the affidavit of
Dr. Wilhelm Hoettl were read into the record this morning for the
purpose . . .
THE PRESIDENT: Wait—what was the number?
MAJOR WALSH: Document 2738-PS.
THE PRESIDENT: Yes, go on.
MAJOR WALSH: Dr. Hoettl’s affidavit 2738 was in part read into
the record this morning for the sole purpose of showing the
approximate number of Jews, according to his estimates, that had
met death at the hands of the German State. No other portion of his
testimony was referred to and the evidence offered was only for the
sole purpose of establishing his estimate of the number. His position
in the Party and in the state, as well as the position of Adolf
Eichmann, the source of his information, was also stated into the
record.
I believe that Dr. Hoettl, if he is desired for any other purpose by
the Defense, may be called by the Defense, but the Prosecution had
no other purpose in utilizing his evidence.
THE PRESIDENT: Do you wish to add anything more?
MAJOR WALSH: That is all, Sir.
THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal makes the same ruling in this case
as in the case of Pfaffenberger, namely, that the affidavit is admitted
in evidence but that it is open to Defendants’ Counsel to make a
motion, in writing, for the attendance of the witness for cross-
examination and to state in that motion the reasons for it.
MAJOR WALSH: During the morning session the Court requested
certain information concerning documents that had been offered and
accepted in evidence. I refer to Document 1061-PS, the report “The
Warsaw Ghetto Is No More.” This report, I am told, was prepared for
presentation at a meeting of the SS Police leaders to be held on 18
May 1943. That is indicated on Page 45 of the translation before the
Court.
This document was captured by the 7th United States Army and
delivered by them to the G-2 of the United States Forces in the
European Theater. In turn they were delivered to Colonel Storey of
the United States prosecutors’ staff, some months ago. The Court
also ignored . . .
THE PRESIDENT: Major Walsh, I think the Tribunal also wished to
know whether you could tell us to whom the report had been made?
MAJOR WALSH: The report, Sir, according to the teletypes—the
daily teletypes, Sir—was addressed to the Higher SS and Police
Leader East, SS Obergruppenführer and General of the Police Krüger,
or his deputy.
THE PRESIDENT: Thank you.
MAJOR WALSH: The Court further inquired about Document L-53
and I have obtained some information concerning this document.
This document was captured by T-Force of the Counter Intelligence
Corps Detachment Number 220, found among the German records
at Weimar, Germany, sometime prior to 10 May 1945.
The Court further inquired, concerning this document, the
meaning of the letters “WB.” I regret that I have been unable to
obtain definite information as to the meaning of “WB” but it has
been suggested to me that it might mean Westbund or Western Ally
because it is used in connection with the capture—the destruction of
all prisoners before capture by either the WB or the Red Armies, and
I presume that it may mean Westbund.
The slaughter of the Jews in Europe cannot be expressed in
figures alone, for the impact of this slaughter is even more tragic to
the future of the Jewish people and mankind. Ancient Jewish
communities with their own rich spiritual, cultural, and economic life,
bound up for centuries with the life of the nations in which they
flourished, have been completely obliterated. The contribution of the
Jewish people to civilization, the arts, the sciences, industry, and
culture, need not, I am sure, be elaborated upon before this
Tribunal. Their destruction, carried out continuously, deliberately,
intentionally, and methodically by the Nazis, represents a loss to
civilization of special qualities and abilities that cannot possibly be
recouped.
I have not attempted to recount the multitudinous and diabolical
crimes committed against the Jewish people by the state which
these defendants ruled, because, with sober regard for
contemporary and historical truth, a detailed description of some of
these crimes would transcend the utmost reaches of the human
faculty of expression. The mind already recoils and shrinks from the
acceptance of the incredible facts already related. Rather, it is my
purpose to elucidate the pattern, the successful and successive
stages, the sequence and concurrence of the crimes committed, the
pre-determined means to a pre-ordained end.
Yet, these cold, stark, brutal facts and figures, drawn largely from
the defendants’ own sources and submitted in evidence before this
Tribunal, defy rebuttal.
From conception to execution, from the Party program of 1920 to
the gloating declarations of Himmler and the Defendant Frank in
1943 and 1944, the annihilation of the Jewish people in Europe was
man-made—made by the very men, sitting in the defendants’ box,
brought to judgment before this Tribunal.
Before closing may I acknowledge with appreciation the untiring
services of the group of the staff of the United States’ Prosecution,
through whose painstaking search, analysis, and study, this
presentation of evidence was made possible: Captain Seymour
Krieger, Lieutenant Brady Bryson, Lieutenant Frederick Felton,
Sergeant Isaac Stone, and Mr. Hans Nathan.
COL. STOREY: If the Tribunal please, the next presentation,
concerning Germanization and spoliation in occupied countries, will
be presented by Captain Sam Harris.
CAPTAIN SAMUEL HARRIS (Assistant Trial Counsel for the United
States): May the Tribunal please, documents relating to the Nazi
program of Germanization and spoliation have been assembled in a
document book bearing the letter “U.” These document books are
now being distributed for the use of the members of the Tribunal. I
ask Your Honors to note that the tabs on the side of the document
book are numbered 1 to 30. The index sheet at the front of the book
keys these numbers to the EC, PS, and R numbers of our exhibits.
For Your Honors’ convenience we have also numbered the pages
of each exhibit in pencil at the upper right-hand corner of each
exhibit.
 The documents which we shall introduce were collected by
Lieutenant Kenyon, who sits at my right, and by Doctors Derenberg
and Jacoby. Without their untiring efforts, this presentation would
not have been possible.
Evidence has already been introduced by Mr. Alderman to prove
that the defendants conspired to wage aggressive war. It has also
been proved that the desire for Lebensraum was one of the chief
forces motivating the conspirators to plan, launch, and wage their
wars of aggression. We propose at this time to present evidence
disclosing what the conspirators intended to do with conquered
territories, called by them Lebensraum, after they had succeeded in
overpowering the victims of their aggressions.
We have broadly divided this subject into two categories:
Germanization and spoliation. When we speak of plans to
germanize, we mean plans to assimilate conquered territories
politically, culturally, socially, and economically into the German
Reich. Germanization, we shall demonstrate, meant the obliteration
of the former national character of the conquered territories and the
extermination of all elements which could not be reconciled with the
Nazi ideology. By spoliation, we mean the plunder of public and
private property and, in general, the exploitation of the people and
the natural resources of occupied countries.
We propose, with the permission of Your Honors, to introduce at
this time 30 documents in all. These documents lay bare some of the
secret plans of the conspirators to germanize, to plunder, to despoil,
and to destroy. They do not, of course, tell the whole story of all the
conspirators’ plans in this field. In some instances proof of the plan
is derived from the acts committed by the conspirators. But these
few documents are particularly illuminating with respect to the
conspirators’ plans for Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Russia; and they
indicate the outlines of carefully conceived plans for the rest of
Europe. Others who follow will fill in this outline by showing a series
of outrages committed on so vast a scale that no doubts will exist
that they were committed according to plan.
Poland was, in a sense, the testing ground for the conspirators’
theories upon Lebensraum; and I turn to that country first.
 The four western provinces of Poland were purportedly
incorporated into Germany by an order of 8 October 1939. This
order, which was signed by Hitler, Lammers, and Defendants Göring,
Frick, and Hess, is set forth in Reichsgesetzblatt, 1939, Part I, Page
2042; and we ask the Tribunal to take judicial notice thereof. These
areas of Poland are frequently referred to in correspondence among
the conspirators as “incorporated Eastern Territories.” The remainder
of Poland, which was seized by the Nazi invaders, was established as
the Government General of Poland by an order of Hitler dated 12
October 1939. By that same order Defendant Hans Frank was named
Governor General of the newly created Government General; and
Defendant Seyss-Inquart was named Deputy Governor General. This
order is set forth in Reichsgesetzblatt, 1939, Part I, Page 2077; and
we ask the Tribunal also to take judicial notice of it.
The plans with respect to Poland were rather complicated; and I
believe that the significance of specific items of proof may be more
readily apparent if, in advance of the introduction of the documents,
I am permitted briefly to indicate the broad pattern of these plans.
We submit that the documents we are about to introduce on
Poland show the following:
First: The conspirators specifically planned to exploit the people
and material resources of the Government General of Poland in order
to strengthen the Nazi war machine, to impoverish the Government
General, and to reduce it to a vassal state. At a later stage plans
were formulated for creating islands of German settlements in the
more fertile regions of the Government General in order to engulf
the native Polish population and accelerate the process of
Germanization.
Second: The incorporated area of Poland, which was deemed to
be a part of the German Reich, was to be ruthlessly germanized. To
that end, the conspirators planned:
(a) To permit the retention of the productive facilities in the
incorporated area, all of which, of course, would be dedicated to the
Nazi war machine.
(b) They planned to deport to the Government General many
hundreds of thousands of Jews, members of the Polish intelligentsia,
and other non-compliant elements. We shall show that the Jews who
were deported to the Government General were doomed to speedy
annihilation. Moreover, since the conspirators felt that members of
the Polish intelligentsia could not be germanized and might serve as
a center of resistance against their New Order, they too were to be
eliminated.
(c) They planned to deport all able-bodied Polish workers to
Germany for work in the Nazi war machine. This served the twofold
purpose of helping to satisfy the labor requirements of the Nazi war
machine and preventing the propagation of a new generation of
Poles. Mr. Dodd has already produced abundant proof on this topic,
and I shall do no more than refer to it.
(d) They planned to mould all persons in the incorporated area
who were deemed to possess German blood into German subjects
who would religiously adhere to the principles of National Socialism.
To that end the conspirators set up an elaborate racial register.
Those who resisted or refused to co-operate in this program were
sent to concentration camps.
(e) They planned to bring thousands of German subjects into the
incorporated area for purposes of settlement.
(f) And finally, they planned to confiscate the property—
particularly the farms—of the Poles, the Jews, and all dissident
elements. The confiscation of the property of Jews was part of the
conspirators’ larger program of extermination of the Jews.
Confiscation likewise served three additional purposes: (1) It
provided land for the new German settlers and enabled the
conspirators to reward their adherents; (2) dispossessed Polish
property owners could be shipped to Germany for work in the
production of implements of war; and (3) the separation of Polish
farmers from their wives furthered the plan to prevent the growth of
a new generation of Poles.
We turn now to the specific items of proof.
I first offer in evidence Document Number EC-344 (16), which is
Exhibit Number USA-297. This document is a report of an interview
with Defendant Frank on 3 October 1939 and was found among the
files of the OKW, which were assembled in bulk at the Fechenheim
document center. This particular document was included in a large
report prepared in the OKW by one Captain Varain at the direction of
General Thomas, then chief of the military economic staff of the
OKW. I quote from the first 19 lines of Page 3 of the English text.
The German text appears on Page 29, lines 25-36, and Page 30,
lines 1-6. The report states, and I quote:
“In the first interview which the chief of the Central Division and the
liaison officer between the Armament Department Upper East and
the Chief Administrative Officer (subsequently Governor General)
had with Reich Minister Frank on 3 October 1939 in Posen, Frank
explained the instruction which had been entrusted to him by the
Führer and the economic political directives according to which he
intended to administer Poland. According to these directives, Poland
could be administered only by utilizing the country by means of
ruthless exploitation; removal of all supplies—raw materials,
machines, factory installations, et cetera—which are important for
the German war economy; availability of all workers for work within
Germany; reduction of the entire Polish economy to the absolute
minimum necessary for the bare existence of the population; closing
of all institutions, especially technical schools and colleges in order
to prevent the growth of a new Polish intelligentsia. Poland”—
Defendant Frank stated—and this is an exact quotation—“Poland
shall be treated as a colony; the Poles shall be the slaves of the
Greater German World Empire.”
I should like also to quote from the last six lines of the English
text of this Exhibit. In the German text it is lines 18 to 23 of Page
30. Defendant Frank further stated, and I quote:
“By destroying Polish industry its subsequent reconstruction after the
war would become more difficult, if not impossible, so that Poland
would be reduced to its proper position as an agrarian country which
would have to depend upon Germany for importation of industrial
products.”
As further proof of the defendant’s plan to plunder and despoil
the Government General of Poland, I next offer in evidence
Document Number EC-410, which is Exhibit Number USA-298. In
addition to the proof of the defendant’s plans to plunder and despoil
the Government General, this document demonstrates the difference
in treatment which the conspirators planned for the incorporated
area of Poland and the Government General. It is a copy of a
directive issued and signed by Defendant Göring on 19 October 1939
and was likewise found among the captured OKW files. I quote from
lines 1 to 19 on Page 1 of the English text. In the German text it is
all of Page 1 and the first line of Page 2. Defendant Göring’s directive
states, and I quote:
“In the meeting of October 13th I have given detailed instructions
for the economical administration of the occupied territories. I will
repeat them here in short:
“1. The task for the economic treatment of the various
administrative regions is different, depending on whether a country
which will be incorporated politically into the German Reich is
involved or whether we deal with the Government General, which in
all probability, will not be made a part of Germany,
“In the first-mentioned territories the reconstruction and expansion
of the economy, the safeguarding of all their production facilities and
supplies must be aimed at, as well as a complete incorporation into
the Greater German economic system at the earliest possible time.
On the other hand, there must be removed from the territories of
the Government General all raw materials, scrap materials,
machines, et cetera which are of use for the German war economy.
Enterprises which are not absolutely necessary for the meager
maintenance of the naked existence of the population must be
transferred to Germany, unless such transfer would require an
unreasonably long period of time and would make it more practical
to exploit those enterprises by giving them German orders to be
executed at their present location.”
Once the Government General had been stripped of its industrial
potential, the defendants planned to leave the country desolate. Not
even the war damage was to be repaired. This is the clear import of
the documents previously introduced and is likewise made clear by
Document Number EC-411, which is Exhibit Number USA-299. I offer
this document in evidence. This document is a copy of an order
dated 20 November 1939, by Defendant Hess, in his capacity as
Deputy Führer. This document was also found in the captured OKW
files. I quote the English and German texts in their entirety.
Defendant Hess stated, and I quote:
“I hear from Party members who came from the Government
General that various agencies, as for instance, the Military Economic
Staff, the Reich Ministry for Labor, et cetera, intend to reconstruct
certain industrial enterprises in Warsaw. However, in accordance
with a decision by Minister Dr. Frank approved by the Führer,
Warsaw shall not be rebuilt nor is it the intention of the Führer to
rebuild or reconstruct any industry in the Government General.”
Turning from the defendants’ program of economic spoliation in
the Government General to their program of deportation and
resettlement, I next offer in evidence Document Number 661-PS,
which is Exhibit Number USA-300. This is a secret report, prepared
by the Academy of German Law in January 1940, upon plans for the
mass migration of Poles and Jews from incorporated areas of Poland
to the Government General and for the forcible deportation of able-
bodied Poles to Germany. This document was obtained from the
ministerial collecting center at Kassel, Germany. The date does not
appear in the English translation, but it is clearly set forth on the
cover page of the original document as January 1940. Before
quoting from this document, I ask first that the Tribunal take judicial
notice of the decree of 11 July 1934, embodied in the
Reichsgesetzblatt, Part I, Page 605, 11 July 1934, which provided
that the Academy of German Law would be a public corporation of
the Reich under the supervision of the Reich Ministers of Justice and
the Interior, and that its task would be:
“To promote the reconstruction of German legal life and to realize, in
constant close collaboration with the competent legislative
organizations, the National Socialist program in the entire sphere of
the law.”
Second, before quoting from the afore-mentioned report of the
Academy of German Law, I should like to offer in evidence
Document Number 2749-PS, which is Exhibit Number USA-301. This
is the title page of the publication of the Academy of German Law
for 1940. It is offered for the purpose of showing that defendant
Frank was the President of the Academy of German Law during the
period that the above-mentioned secret report of the Academy was
made. The document specifically states, and I quote:
“Reich Minister Dr. Hans Frank, President of the Academy for
German Law, 7th year 1940.”
Now, if I may ask Your Honors to turn to Document Number 661-
PS, I should first like to quote Page 1, lines 6 to 24, of the English
text. In the German text these extracts appear at Page 6, lines 6 to
10; and line 22, Page 6, to line 4, Page 7. I quote:
“In the carrying out of costly and long-term measures for the
increase of agricultural production, the Government General can, at
the most, absorb 1 to 1.5 million resettlers, as it is already over-
populated in many cases. . . . By further absorption of 1.6 million
resettlers the 1925 Reich census figure of 133 inhabitants per square
kilometer would be reached, which practically, because of already
existing rural over-population and lack of industry, would result in a
double over-pressure.
“This figure of 1.6 million will barely suffice for deportations from the
Reich:
“The Jews from the liberated East (over 600,000); groups of the
remaining Jews, preferably the younger age groups from Germany
proper, Austria, Sudetengau and the Protectorate (altogether over 1
million).”
Continuing the quotation, the report goes on with respect to
transfers from the Reich, and I continue to quote:
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