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ELECTION! is
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ELECTION!
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★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
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A KID’S GUIDE TO
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PICKING OUR PRESIDENT

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
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Dan Gutman
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 Contents
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Author’s Note vii

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Introduction ix
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Chapter 1: The Presidency 1

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Chapter 2: Our Government 33

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Chapter 3: The Campaign 51

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Chapter 4: Candidates 75
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Chapter 5: Voting 87
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Chapter 6: The Election 103

Words You’ll Hear in an Election Year 125

Find Out More! 131

Presidents of the United States 133

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 Author’s Note
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It would have sounded awkward and repetitive to

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hear the words “the president” over and over again in

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this book. Because we haven’t had a female president

yet, it would have sounded even more awkward to
is

refer to the president as “she” or “he/she.” So within

tri

these pages, the president is sometimes referred

to as “the president” and sometimes referred to as
b ut

“he.” No offense is intended to females, one of whom

will surely be elected president of the United States
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sometime soon.
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★ vii ★
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 Introduction
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Every four years, the grown-ups of America go a little

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crazy. You see grown men and women wearing funny

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hats and T-shirts, waving flags, putting goofy bumper

stickers on their cars, buttons on their shirts, and
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signs on their front lawns. There are silly songs, slo-

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gans, ads, and balloons. It’s like one big yearlong party.
In fact, what looks on the surface like craziness is
b

actually very serious business. It is all part of the pro-

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cess of choosing the person who will lead the nation

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for the next four years.

n

When George Washington was elected in 1789, some

people wanted to call him “His Highness,” “His Elec-
tive Majesty,” “His Supremacy,” or “His Mightiness.” In
the end, they settled on a simpler, more down-to-earth
title—the president of the United States.

★ ix ★
 INTRODUCTION

Since Washington’s time, the presidency has

changed quite a bit and so has the process of electing
a president, our nation’s only nationally elected office.
But one thing is constant. The decision about who will
be president is one of the most important decisions
that our country makes.
This year, you may be asking yourself what all the
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hoopla is about. A lot of questions may have popped

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into your head. How powerful is the president? What

happens if the president dies? What’s the difference
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between a Democrat and a Republican? Can my mom

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or dad run for president? Do the candidates hate each

other? How does a voting machine work? What can kids
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do to influence the election?

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The purpose of this book is to answer those ques-

tions (and about 120 more) in a simple and straight­
b ut

forward manner. Some of the answers may surprise

you.
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This book may not answer every question you have

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about the presidential election, but it will cover a lot

of them. And it will give you a basic understanding of
what all this national craziness is about.

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 C H A P T E R 1
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

The Presidency
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Why do we have a president?

When the Revolutionary War ended in 1781 and Amer-

is

ica had won its independence from England, we didn’t

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have a president. We didn’t have a Constitution, either.

At least not right away.
b ut

At first, the new nation was governed by Congress,

which was a group of representatives from each of the
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thirteen original states. The problem was that each

n

state had very different opinions about the way the

country should be run.
There were arguments between states. At one
point, Connecticut was claiming that it owned a large
part of Pennsylvania.

★ 1 ★
 DA N G U T M A N

It became clear that a stronger central government

was needed to pull all the states together in a way that
would be fair to all, big and small, north and south,
rural and urban.
From May 25 through September 17, 1787, the
“Founding Fathers” of our country gathered together
at the old State House in Philadelphia. There, they
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wrote the Constitution, which is the foundation of our

ot

government. According to the Constitution, the execu-

tive branch of our government would be headed by a
fo

president. (For more about our government, see Chap-

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ter 2: Our Government.)

is

THE CONSTITUTION (Article II, Section 1):

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“The executive Power shall be vested in a President

of the United States of America.”
b ut

★
io
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Who were the Founding Fathers?

They were fifty-five delegates from the twelve states

(Rhode Island did not participate). Some were law-
yers. Some were farmers. You may have heard some
of their names before: George Washington, James

★ 2 ★
 ELECTION!

Madison, Benjamin Franklin. Thomas Jefferson was in

Europe at the time.

What about the “Founding Mothers”?

In the 1700s, women were not believed to be capable

N

of making important decisions. They did not partici-

ot

pate in our government until attitudes toward women

changed much later. (See Chapter 5: Voting. “Are there
fo

any grown-ups who aren’t allowed to vote?”)

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★
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Why didn’t the Founding Fathers make the head of

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our government a king?

b ut

America had fought a bloody war to break away from

the tyrannical rule of England’s King George III. Amer-
io

icans did not want to start a new nation based on

n

the same system that England had. They felt that the
people could rule themselves. So they created a new
form of government, one that was run by the people
and not by a single person. (See Chapter 2: Our Gov-
ernment.)

★ 3 ★
 DA N G U T M A N

So is the president the boss of the United States?

Not really. The first words of the Preamble to the Con-

stitution are “We, the people . . . ” The people of the
United States are the boss of the president, not the
other way around. The president, as well as all our rep-
N

resentatives, are selected by the people they will lead.

ot

★
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But isn’t the president of the United States the

most powerful person in the world?

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You could say that, but in the structure of our govern-

tri

ment, the president is not as powerful as you might

b

think. Without the cooperation of the public, the Con-

ut

gress, and the courts, he is really powerless.

For instance, the president doesn’t determine how
io

the United States spends its money. Every year he

n

has to present a budget to Congress and fight for its

approval. And the Congress can pass a bill even if the
president vetoes it.

★ 4 ★
 ELECTION!

A bill? A veto? What does that mean?

A bill is a proposed law. The laws of this country are

made by Congress, not by the president. When a bill is
approved by the Congress, it is sent to the president.
If he signs it, it becomes a law. If he disagrees with the
new bill, he can veto, or strike it down. He doesn’t sign
N

the bill. Then it goes back to Congress.

If the president vetoes a bill, it can still become
ot

a law if two-thirds of the Congress vote in favor of it.

fo

The bill will also become law if the president doesn’t

respond to it within ten days.
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The Founding Fathers did not make it easy to pass

new laws—on purpose. And they made sure the presi-
is

dent’s powers were very limited.

tri
b

★
ut

But isn’t the president commander in chief of the

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armed forces?
n

Yes, but even there, presidential power is limited. For

instance, the president cannot declare war on another
country. Only Congress has that power.

★ 5 ★
 DA N G U T M A N

So what’s the point of being commander in chief?

To defend the interests of the United States, the presi-

dent does have the power to order our troops into
action without a formal declaration of war. We never
officially declared war in the Korean War (1950–1953),
the Vietnam War (1957–1975), the Persian Gulf War
N

(1991), or the recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

ot

These were “presidential wars.”

According to the War Powers Act of 1973, the pres-
fo

ident has to withdraw our troops after ninety days

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unless Congress approves continuing the military

action.
is
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★
b

It doesn’t sound like the president has much

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power at all.
io

The president does have enormous influence. The

n

president can recommend new laws be passed, as

presidents do in their annual State of the Union
address. He is also the leader of a political party. (See
Chapter 2: Our Government.) He will help decide that
party’s positions, support party members in elections,

★ 6 ★
 ELECTION!

and appoint members of that party to top government

jobs.
The president can make treaties with other nations
(with the consent of the Senate). He can also grant
pardons to people who have been convicted of federal
crimes.
And, of course, the president of the United
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States has the one ultimate power: the decision to

ot

use nuclear weapons. When we dropped the atomic

bomb to end World War II, President Harry Truman
fo

had to make that agonizing decision and take respon-

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sibility for it.

That’s a lot of power. Plus, the president also has
is

something called “Executive Power.”

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★
b ut

What is “Executive Power”?

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It is a special power the president has in times of emer-

n

gency. When Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipa-

tion Proclamation in 1853 to free the slaves, he didn’t
get anyone’s approval first. The nation was being
ripped apart by the Civil War. He felt it was the right
thing to do, so he did it.

★ 7 ★
 DA N G U T M A N

Similarly, Thomas Jefferson made the decision in

1803 to purchase the Louisiana Territory from France
for $15 million. (There are some houses today that
cost that much money!) The president of the United
States doesn’t have the power to buy land. But Jeffer-
son saw the opportunity to more than double the size
of the country, so he pounced on it before Napoléon,
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the leader of France, could change his mind. Jefferson

ot

didn’t get permission from Congress until after the

fact.
fo
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★
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What are the president’s responsibilities?

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When you watch the news, it may seem like the presi-
dent’s job is to shake hands, attend celebrations, give
b ut

out awards, get his picture taken, and throw out the
first ball at baseball games. Actually, the president of
io

the United States wears many hats and has one of the
n

most difficult jobs in the world.

The official title of the president is “Chief Execu-
tive.” His duties are many. Take a deep breath. The
president must:
Sign bills into law. Prepare an annual budget.

★ 8 ★
 ELECTION!

Appoint public officials, generals, ambassadors (with

consent of the Senate), and Supreme Court justices
(also with consent of the Senate).
He must set foreign policy, maintain relationships
with other world leaders, and help them resolve their
differences (as President Carter did with Israel and
Egypt in 1979). He must oversee military operations,
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call special sessions of Congress in times of emer-

ot

gency, and keep the Congress informed by giving his

annual State of the Union address.
fo

As head of state, the president is the symbol of the

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United States, so he must do whatever he can to pro-

mote American interests.
is

The first responsibility, when the president is

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elected, is to make up his cabinet.

b

★
ut
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Can’t the president just go to a store and buy a

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cabinet?

Not that cabinet! You see, if you were to sum up the

president’s job in just two words, it would be to
“enforce laws.” But obviously, in a nation of more than
300 million people, the president can’t do that job

★ 9 ★
 DA N G U T M A N

alone. The “cabinet” is a group of people who assist

the president. They are his experts.
Members of the cabinet include: secretary of state,
secretary of the treasury, secretary of defense, attor-
ney general, secretary of the interior, secretary of agri-
culture, secretary of transportation, and there are also
secretaries in charge of veterans affairs, education,
N

energy, housing and urban development, health and

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human services, labor, and commerce.

Each of these heads of a government department
fo

is chosen for his or her knowledge and experience in

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that particular field. They don’t vote; they are advis-

ers. They are selected by the president and must be
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approved by the Senate.

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★
b ut

What are the First Lady’s responsibilities?

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Even though the president’s spouse has no stated

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responsibilities and receives no pay, it is also a very

difficult job.
We don’t have royalty in the United States, but
the wives of our presidents are close to royalty. Their
every word, action, and hairstyle are noticed, and crit-

★ 10 ★
 ELECTION!

icized. From the beginning, First Ladies have realized

they had influence. They each found a way to use that
influence, being careful not to appear too powerful, as
they are not elected by the people.
“I am in a position where I can do the most good
to help the most people,” Eleanor Roosevelt said.
She traveled the world, held press conferences, gave
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lectures, spoke on the radio, and wrote newspaper

ot

columns fighting for human rights and justice for all

Americans. That set the tone for the modern First
fo

Lady devoted to social causes.

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Lady Bird Johnson campaigned to make the high-

ways of America more beautiful. Betty Ford fought for
is

women’s rights and founded a famous center for alco-

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hol and drug rehabilitation. Rosalynn Carter worked

for mental health reform. Nancy Reagan led the war
b ut

on drugs. Barbara Bush and Laura Bush promoted lit-

eracy. Hillary Rodham Clinton campaigned to improve
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the nation’s health care system. Michelle Obama

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fought against childhood obesity.

Someday there will be a female president. If she
is married, there will be a “First Gentleman.” Like
the First Ladies before him, he will carve out his
own role.

★ 11 ★
 DA N G U T M A N

Does the president get paid?

Yes. George Washington, our first president, received a

salary of $25,000 a year. That may not seem like much
money, but remember that a dollar went a lot farther
in 1789. (In fact, it has been said that George Washing-
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ton threw one across the Delaware River.)

ot

Sorry. A little presidential humor.

In 1873, the presidential salary was doubled, to
fo

$50,000. Then it was increased to $75,000 in 1909, to

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$100,000 in 1949, and to $200,000 in 1969. Today, the

president earns $400,000 a year.
is

The president does not have to pay for his house,

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his office staff, postage, electricity, or telephone

service. He does have to pay for his own personal
b ut

expenses, such as food, parties, and receptions that

are not related to government business.
io

In the late 1920s, baseball star Babe Ruth was earn-

n

ing the then-enormous salary of $80,000. A newspaper

reporter asked Ruth if he deserved to be making more
money than President Hoover.
“Sure,” Ruth replied. “I had a better year than
he did.”

★ 12 ★
 ELECTION!

THE CONSTITUTION (Article II, Section 1):

“The President shall, at stated Times, receive for
his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither
be encreased nor diminished during the Period for
which he shall have been elected, . . . ”

★
N
ot

Where does the president live?

The president lives and works in the White House, in

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Washington, D.C. The street address is 1600 Pennsyl-

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vania Avenue.
The White House was designed by James Hoban
is

in 1792 and was built while George Washington was in

tri

office. He was our only president who did not live in

the White House.
b ut

Over the years the mansion has gone through a lot

of changes (the British almost totally burned it down in
io

1814). Today, the White House has 132 rooms. In addi-

n

tion to the Oval Office, where the president works, and

the president’s living quarters, the White House has a
barber shop, doctor’s office, dental clinic, tailor shop,
beauty salon, machine shop, plumbing shop, gym, ten-
nis court, basketball court, bowling alley (Nixon once

★ 13 ★
 DA N G U T M A N

bowled a score of 233), heated pool, game room, and

even a movie theater.
The White House is so big, it has thirty-two toilets!
Close to one hundred people work in the White
House. Every piece of furniture gets polished daily.
Before 9/11, the White House was open to the pub-
lic for tours of the first floor. Now, it is necessary to get
N

special permission from your senator or representa-

ot

tive to take the tour.

fo

★
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Why has there been just one African-American

is

president and not a single female president?

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In a word, bigotry. Women were not even allowed to

vote until 1920. (See Chapter 5: Voting.) Up until the
b ut

1960s, in some parts of our country, African Americans

had to attend separate schools, eat in separate res-
io

taurants, sleep in separate hotels, use separate bath-

n

rooms, and even drink from separate water fountains.

Under such conditions, a black or female president of
the United States would have been unthinkable.
But that didn’t stop their efforts. As far back as
1872, a woman named Victoria Woodhull ran for presi-

★ 14 ★
 ELECTION!

dent representing the Equal Rights Party. Her vice

presidential running mate was a black man, freed slave
and famous speaker Frederick Douglass.
In more recent years, Shirley Chisholm, who was
black and female, made a serious run for the Demo-
cratic nomination in 1972. In 1984, Democrat Geraldine
Ferraro of New York was the vice presidential running
N

mate of Walter Mondale (they lost the election). Eliza-

ot

beth Dole ran for the Republican nomination in 1999.

Prior to 2008, the most serious attempt by an African
fo

American was by the Reverend Jesse Jackson, who

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attracted a lot of support in 1984 and 1988.

Attitudes toward woman and minority groups have
is

changed dramatically over the last forty years. They

tri

now serve as mayors, governors, senators, and repre-

sentatives all over the country.
b ut

Today, most Americans cast their vote for the per-

son they think will do the best job, not the person of
io

a certain gender or skin color. In 2008, African Ameri-

n

can candidate Barack Obama was elected president.

It is only a matter of time until the United States has a
female president.

★ 15 ★
 DA N G U T M A N

Has there ever been a president who wasn’t

elected to the office?

Yes, once. It was Gerald Ford, the thirty-eighth president.

Here’s how it happened: In 1973, Vice President
Spiro Agnew was accused of failing to pay his taxes
when he was the governor of Maryland. He resigned.
N

Richard Nixon, who was president at the time, appointed

ot

Gerald Ford to take Agnew’s place as vice president.

As it turned out, the following year President Nixon
fo

resigned, and Vice President Ford became the first

rD

president who was never elected.

For a more complete story of what happened to
is

President Nixon, see later in this chapter: Has a presi-

tri

dent ever resigned?

b

★
ut
io

What about Lyndon Johnson? Didn’t he just get

n

to be president because President Kennedy was

assassinated?

Yes, but he had been elected vice president already.

★ 16 ★
 ELECTION!

How long does the president stay in office?

The king of a country will very often stay in power

until he decides to step down, is overthrown, or dies.
In the United States, the president holds office for a
specific period of time. As it says in the Constitution
(Article II, Section I): “He shall hold his Office during
N

the Term of four Years . . . ”

ot

When George Washington’s first four-year term

was over, he ran for reelection and won a second term.
fo

Many people wanted Washington to run for a third

rD

term, but he refused. After that, it became tradition

for the president to serve a maximum of two terms.
is

In 1940 much of the world was engulfed in war,

tri

and America was in the midst of the Great Depression.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt was urged to run for a
b ut

third term of office, and he won. He was our only presi-

dent to serve more than two terms.
io

Four years later, with the United States now fight-

n

ing in World War II, Roosevelt ran for a fourth term,

and he won again. He died before that term was over.
Roosevelt was president for twelve years.
Many people felt that four terms of office were
too many. In 1951, the Twenty-second Amendment

★ 17 ★
 DA N G U T M A N

to the Constitution was passed, stating, “No person

shall be elected to the office of the President more
than twice, . . . ”
For your information, senators are elected to six-
year terms, and members of the House of Representa-
tives are elected to two-year terms.
N

★
ot

Why is the president’s term of office four years?

fo

When the Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution,

rD

they argued quite a bit about how long the presi-

dent’s term of office should be. First, they decided on
is

six years. Then they changed their mind and decided

tri

it should be eleven. Then it was fifteen. Then it was

seven. Finally, they agreed on four years.
b ut

Four years gives the president enough time to get

used to the job and get good work accomplished. It is
io

not so long that a poor president can do much damage

n

to the nation.
Abraham Lincoln once said, “no administration,
by any extreme of wickedness or folly, can very seri-
ously injure the government in the short space of four
years.”

★ 18 ★
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
The text on this page is estimated to be only 6.50%
accurate

^ ^X-c-^-^^ FOX LAKE

 HISTORY OF DODGE COUNTY. 435 on Observatory Hill.
Railroad avenue, with its long line of tasty residences, is a part of
the valuable contribution made by the Goetschius farm. Madison
street, with its invaluable waterpower, comes from the original
entries of Messrs. Drake and Conner. While the southeast part of the
city, together with a part of the Ackerman water-power, and that
sightly building ground where the old residence of G. H. Stewart
stands, south of St. Peter's, belonged to the farm of Mr. Stultz. And if
this worthy and enterprising first settler has not the satisfaction of
seeing the finest part of the city located on his old estate, to him
belongs the honor of grappling with the tough old oaks, with an arm
d^ strong and a will as resolute as the bravest of all his peers. " The
first quarter of a century closes this spring since David Drake, with
his stout heart, commenced the improvement of the water-power
which has made Beaver Dam the commercial center of Dodge
County. That enterprise he finally transferred to Rev. Moses Ordway,
in the f\ill of 1842. This sagacious and resolute pioneer finally set in
motion the great water-wheel which for a quarter of a century has
been contributing so largely to the growth, the wealth and the well-
earned fame of the city. Let us hold in remembrance the names of
the men whose early toils and privations have eventuated in results
for which our citizens feel a just pride." GROWTH OF BEAVER DAM.
The results of the praiseworthy efforts of the citizens of Beaver Dam
to preHjrve the records of the enrly history of the place having been
given, it devolves upon us to furnish the interesting sequel by
sketching the varied phases of development belonging to its later
and more mature e,xistence. During the first fifteen years, or prior to
the panic of 1857, the growth of Beaver Dam was very rapid ;
speculation was rife ; in the language of a local writer, " Speculators
abounded in troops. Property more than doubled in value as the
railroad was fast approaching the place." In 1854, there were quite
as many mercantile institutions as now. There were eight physicians
and si.x lawyers, the other professions and trades being equally
represented. At the November election of 1855, there were 540
votes cast in the city and town. The first train of cars reached the
place April 24, 1856, and the Fourth of July following was the
occasion of the grandest and largest celebration ever held in the
co\inty, the citizens combining the observation of an important local
ev^ent with the national anniversary. It is said that speculation, in
those days, was apparent in politics, as well as business, "sweeping
reverse following rapid success." After the panic the " speculative
growth " ceased, and then commenced what may be termed the
permanent growth, which has steadily maintained the supremacy
ever since. In 1860, the population was 2,770 ; in 1865, 2,930 ; in
1870, 3,265. By the census of the latter year, the population is thus
distributed among the wards: First Ward, 537 — native, 292;
foreign, 245. Second Ward, 836 — native, 570; foreign, 266. Third
Ward, 993 — native 831; foreign, 162. Fourth Ward, 899— native,
690 ; foreign, 209. MANUFACTORIES. The early history' of the first
mill and mill-dam appears in the proceedings of tiie Old Settlers'
Club, given in the first part of this chapter. About 1846, another and
larger mill was huilt upon or near the original site, and this continued
in operation until, in 1870, it was destroyed by fire, at a loss to its
owner. Dr. E. R. lloyt, of §28,000. Mr. Iloyt at once set about the
work of rebuilding, and soon a large and improved structure stood in
its place, erected at a cost of $30,000. Its si.x runs of stones have
ever since been kept constantly in operation, turning out superior
brands of flour. Umpire Flouring -Mill. — Built in 1853 at the west
end of and in conjunction with the second dam, by S. P. K. Lewis
and Abram Ackerman. This mill has been improved and enlarged
until its capacity has reached 15,000 barrels per annum. There have
been three changes in the management, as follows: Lewis & Bogert,
Lewis \ Bro., and Lewis & Son. The amount 11
 436 HISTORY OF DODGE COUNTY. of business transacted
the past season is given at $60,000. Shipments are made to all parts
of the United States and Great Britain. The Messrs. Lewis are also
interested in a flouring-mill two and a half miles south of the city. It
was built by Marvin & Goodnow about 1855, and has four runs of
stones. Situated a short distance below is another grist-mill, built in
1853, by J. L. Grant. It is still the property of the Grant estate ; four
runs of stones. Harris & Christian are the owners of a mill still further
south on the stream. It was built in 1856 by William How, and has
four runs of stones. The Beaver Dam Agricultural Works. —
Established in 1855, by John S. Rowell, upon a capital of about
$1,500, for the purpose of manufacturing seeders and other
agricultural implements. In 1861, Mr. Rowell built what he supposed
to be a perfect seeder, but, upon testing its merits upon the farm of
G. C. Gunn, it was discovered that, while every part of the
implement worked like a charm, there was lacking the pliable or
flexible tooth. This deficiency was supplied by the invention of what
is known as the "slip tooth," which was patented October 14, 1862,
and has ever since been in successful use. The patentee receives a
royalty upon the "slip tooth " from the Van Brunt Seeder
Manufactory at Horicon; also from the establishments located at
Winona, Minn., Fond du Lac, Appleton, and other places. There have
been many changes in the proprietorship of the factory since it was
founded by Mr. J. S. Rowell, the original owner, however, remaining
through them all. The firms have been Rowell & Gibson, Rowell &
Lowth, J. S. & Ira Rowell, J. S. Rowell & Co., J. S. & Ira Rowell again,
and J. S. Rowell, Sons & Co. The manufactory is one of the most
extensive of the kind in the State. The capital stock of the concern is
given at $218,000. About $100,000 worth of business was done
during the past year. Besides the combined broadcast seeder and
cultivator, the company manufiictures "Tiger" thrashing-machines,
sulky rakes, stubble plows, fanning-mills, ordinary wheat and grain
drills, and general mill machinery. Sales of these implements are
made throughout Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa,
Nebraska, Colorado, California and Dakota ; also in Canada and
Germany. The Messrs. Rowell (J. S. & Ira) are also the owners of the
celebrated trotting mare. Badger Girl, who has a public I'ecord of
2:22i, and a private record of 2:18 and 2:19]. Badger Girl is now
thirteen years of age, and was retired from the turf a year ago, for
breeding purposes. Chandler, Congdon tf- Co.'s Woolen-Mill. —
Established in 1853, by S. P. K. Lewis, Abram Ackerman and G. H.
Stewart, under the firm name of G. H. Stewart & Co., and was
known as the Farmers' Woolen-Mill, until 1866, when a re-
organization took place, the style and name of the firm becoming
Chandler, Congdon & Co., the silent partnership being represented
by S. P. K. and C. E. Lewis. In 1867, a large four-story brick structure
was erected, in which was placed a complete outfit of new
machinery, possessing the requisite advantages for producing
woolen goods by all the improved methods. The sales from this
factory during 1879 amounted to about $110,000. The present
capacity of the factory is something like 12,000 yards per month,
from fifty to sixty operatives being employed. The articles
manufactured are chiefly fancy cassimeres, made almost exclusively
of Wisconsin wools. Shipments are made throughout Wisconsin,
Michigan, Iowa, Minnesota Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Kansas and
Nebraska. Beaver Dam Woolen-Mills. — Established on the site of
the old oil-mill, built at an early day by Dr. Hoyt, at the west end of
the third dam in 1866, by E. C. McFetridge & Co., with a capital stock
of $30,000, and a working force of twenty-eight operatives. In 1870,
the firm became McFetridge, Burchard & Co., and at the same time
the capacity of the factory was doubled. John Smith was soon
afterward admitted as a partner, and on the 1st of January, 1879, Mr.
Burchard's interest was purchased by Henry W. Hildebrandt, the firm
name now being McFetridge, Smith & Co. About 160,000 pounds of
pure wool is used annually in the manufacture of fine doeskins,
fancy cassimeres and superior flannels. Sales are made throughout
the Northwest. The productions of the Beaver Dam woolen factories
are regarded everywhere with favor, and those who have tested
them prefer them to foreign manufactured goods of the same
character.
 HISTORY OF DODGE COUNTY. 437 PLANING-IMILT.S. In
1858, Parish & De Clark, established a phiniiig-mill near the depot.
There were several clianges in the proprietorship, and the building
was torn down a few years since. In 1858, Mr. Griswold built a
fanning-niill manufactory near the depot, which in 1860 was
converted into a planing-mill by Hayden & Rood. In 1877, it was
converted into a cheese factory by James Rood, and is now run as a
planing-mill by Martin & Sybrant. Thomas & Egglesfield now carry on
a planing-mill in Beaver Dam, built about 1874. BUEWERIEP. Where
the thirsty citizens of Beaver Dam obtained their supply of that
fermented potation called lager beer prior to 1853 is not exactly
known. In the fall of that year, JMr. Bicrsack built a brewery, and
commenced the manufacture of his native beverage, and two years
later took into partnership with him Mr. Frank Liebenstein. In 1856,
John Goeggerle and John and Joseph Patzlsberger purchased the
property, and, upon the death of the latter, in 1859, Mr. Goeggerle
became sole proprietor by purchase. The capacity' of the Beaver
Dam brewery, at that time, was 500 thirty-twogallon barrels per
annum. Eleven hundred barrels is the present yearly production of
the establishment, for which there is a ready home market. In 1857,
the Farmers' Brewery, the second institution of the kind in the city,
was established by a Mr. Schutte, who soon afterward sold the
property to Philip Binzel, the present proprietor. The production of
this institution is about 1,000 barrels per annum. In 1868, "The New
Brewery" was founded by a Mr. Pfestel. It is now the property of
Xavier Steil, and has a capacity of 200 barrels per year. BRICKYARD.
The first brick for use in Beaver Dam was burned by 0. C. Hart,
about 1850. The next brickmaker was tiie Hon. A. Williaid, who
established a yard in 1855. John Mulone also engaged in the
business in 1863. In 1866, B. Thorp established a brick manufactory
in Beaver Dam, and burns about 800,000 a year, sold principally in
the city. TANNERY. William Rueping built a tannery in 1865, and
commenced the manufacture of leather. William Galium succeeded
Mr. Rueping as proprietor of the tannery, and conducted it until his
death, September 1, 1879. His widow is now in charge of the
business. These are the principal manufacturing institutions in
Beaver Dam. There are various minor establishments, such as are to
be found in all prosperous cities and villages. THE ABORIGINES. For
several years after the advent of the whites in Beaver Dam, Indians
were very numerous in the neighborhood, but they rarely became
troublesome. Located on the west side of the lake was an extensive
Pottawatomie camping-ground, the peace and quiet of which were
occasionally disturbed by some brawling AVinnebago under the
influence of whisky. One instance of this kind will suffice to illustrate
a few of the peculiarities of the red race. In February, 1849,
Wiscojiawis, a prominent Winnebago Indian, and a bad man withal,
had been on a protracted spree, and found himself among the
Pottawatomics on the occasion of the death of a squaw belonging to
that tribe. "Scop" was sufficiently sober to realize the solemnity of
the event, and apparently felt much disturbed. Besides being
naturally "a bad Winnebago," even when on his good behavior, at
this particular time, when every coarse black hair in his head
seemed inclined to pull, he was extremely ugly; in the language of
the literary editor of the Chicago Times, he was "all broke up," and,
during the funeral ceremony over the dead squaw, he capped the
climax by stabbing to death a young Pottawatomie boy. Frifrd.« of
the
 438 HISTORY OF DODGE COUNTV. murdered lad, living
near Watertown, brought old " Scop" to task for the deed, and made
him promise, in a certain number of moons, to pay to them sixty
silver dollars, by way of compensation for the loss of the boy, or
forfeit his own life. When the time came for the payment of the
money, " Scop'' found himself, as usual, sadly embarrassed, and at
once made preparations to sacrifice his life, which he did, soon
afterward, at Portage, baring his breast to a Pottawatomie, who
stabbed him in the same manner " Scop" had killed the boy. In the
mean time, the squaw and " Scop's" victim were buried in the Indian
burying-ground, near the present site of the Polish Churcli, whence
the bodies were soon afterward taken, in the night, by disciples of
the Madison Medical College, and applied to the uses of science. The
sight of an Indian on the streets of Beaver Dam at the present time
is as rare as were the sober moments in the life of old " Scop." TUE
BURSTING OF THE DAM. On the 17th of May, 1849, owing to the
accumulation of water in the pond, the upper dam gave way. Soon
the greatest consternation prevailed among the citizens. They were
face to fiice with circumstances which, if allowed to mature, would in
all probability, prostrate the entire population with sickness. Should
the pond become dry, and the fish and vegetation it contained be
permitted to remain and decay, the result was easily foreseen. Men,
women and children turned out, and every available team was
pressed into service to aid in " bridging the chasm." In the mean
time, the volume of water passing out of the pond was becoming
greater every moment. Already considerable property had been
washed away. A new bridge, which had just been completed across
the river at Beaver street, was carried away, and when the massive
structure reached the second dam, it scarcely paused, but passed on
and took the dam with it; and so with the third dam. During the
excitement, a strange incident was witnessed by an old settler. Forty
large fat hogs belonging to one of the mill companies, were taken
with the flood, but the current, striking a bend in the embankment
on the north side of the river, landed them safely on terra jxrma. The
swine, not seeming to realize that they had been "saved from watery
graves," plunged back into the stream and were drowned. The
original break was finally filled up, and the reign of terror ceased.
CONFLAGRATIONS. It is the fate of all cities, at some time in their
history, to be wrapped in devouring flames. Beaver Dam has not had
the good fortune to be an exception in this regard. On the 17th of
January, 1863, a fire broke out in John Malone's building, on tlie
south side of Front street, and the flames spi-ead east and west,
burning J. T. McGlashen's grocery, E. S. Kellogg's art gallery, C.
Henselers furniture store, J. Iraerhooft's gunsmith shop, Huth's
meat-market and residence. Miller's meat-market and residence, F.
Tillman's flour and feed store, R. Whittaker's building occupied by J.
H. Babcock & Go's drug store, John Whittaker's residence and the
United States Internal Revenue Collector's oflice; Fringe's Block,
occupied on the first floor by Marvin & Goodnow, furniture dealers;
G. Stolz, saloon; A. D. Forbes, dry goods and Frederick Krueger, dry
goods. On the second and third floors were the chamber.s of the
Common Council, Jacob's tailoring shop, G. S. Shepard's dentist's
rooms. Dr. Hart's ofiice, the Temperance Hall, etc. Henseler's meat-
market and the Center street bridge also took fire but were
extinguished. While Kreuger & Lehrkind's merchandise store was
burning, it became evident that the flames would reach the cellar of
the building, in which were stored a quantity of camphene, oil and
gunpowder. A terrible explosion must certainly follow such an event,
and, to prevent it, a few intrepid individuals descended to the cellar
and commenced removing the dangerous combustibles. The powder
was thrown into the river, but, while some of the oil was being
removed, it caught fire, sending up a sheet of flame which
communicated with Bloss' building on the north side of Front street,
occupied by A. P. Lawrence. Then followed the destruction of
Burgess" boot and shoe store, Mrs. Lewis' building, Brechter's
hardware store, J. Q. Ordway's restaurant, Seybold's confectionery
store, Mrs, Brooks' dwelling, Bergman's clothing establishment, W.
D. Babcock's artist's rooms, and the City Clerk's office and Bonner's
 HISTORY OF DODGE COUNTY. 48.4 saloon and eating
rooms. The mad fury of the flames was stayed at the bank building,
which was of brick. The fire originated in an ash barrel, in the rear of
the Whig of Seventy-Six office. The loss was estimated at $50,000.
The 7th of March, 1866, witnessed another visitation of the fire
fiend, and the destruction of twelve wooden buildings on the north
side of Front street. The fire started in the notion and variety store
of Mr. Wheeler, and swept everything between the brick building of
Ilebgen & Lehrkind and that of Traver & Turner on the east. It is
said, the ladies interested in the burning property joined in the work
of subduing the flames, and handled water-pails with marked eSect.
This latter conflagration resulted in the establishment of fire limits
and the building-up of numerous brick structures. THE POST
OFFICE. J. H. Manahan was the first Postmaster in Beaver Dam. He
was appointed some time in 1844. Prior to that time, Fox Lake was
the nearest point rejoicing in a post office, and letters directed to
citizens of Beaver Dam I'eached their destination very irregularly,
being sent from Fo.x Lake by parties going thither on other business.
All mail matter thus forwarded was taken to the cabin of Thomas
Mackie, who attended to its distribution. Manahan kept the oSice in
his store, which stood on the present site of the Milwaukee House.
Dr. William H. Smith succeeded Mr. Manahan. He removed the office
to a small building located not far from Mr. Griflis' drug store. J. II.
Ward was Mr. Smith's successor. With this change in oiEce also came
the usual change in its location. A little building east of the Clark
House was the head([uarters of Mr. Ward. Edward Elwell was the
next incumbent. He was followed by 0. S. Phelps, who removed the
office east on Front street, not far from Spring street. C. B. Beebe
succeeded Mr. Phelps, and, in 1872, A. J. McCoy was appointed to
the position. About 1874, the post office was removed to the rear
portion of the building where it is now located ; and, in 1876, when
R. V. Bogert received the appointment, the commodious quarters
now occupied were fitted up. It was made a money-order office
February .5, 18G6. The first order was sent by William M. Cole to L.
A. Godey, Philadelphia, and was for $4.50. HOTELS. The double log
house built by Jacob P. Brower, in the fall of 1841, on or near the
present site of the bank building, was the first structure erected in
Beaver Dam that laid claim to any pretensions as a hotel. It became
perforce a general resort for citizens and travelers alike, and for a
long time was the only house beneath whose roof the weary could
find rest. Sometime in 1844, John H. Manahan put up alight two-
story frame building on the site now occupied by the Seifert House;
and in 1846, Henry Ager built the Horn House, which stood where A.
P. Lawrence's store now stands. The Hooper House, built in 1848, by
John Hooper, at the corner of Spring and Front streets, was the next
hotel that solicited " a share of the public patronage."' This property
was afterward purchased by a Mr. Stevens, and it became the
Stevens House. H. G. Bicknell, who changed the name of the house
to Bicknell House, was the next purchaser. It became the Stevens
House again under the proprietorshi]) of L. Valentine, and when J. E.
Hoyt became the proprietor the title was again changed, and the
institution has ever since been known as the Hoyt House. It is now
the property of the Lawrence Brothers. About the same time the
Stevens House came into existence, J. II. Ward swung his shingle as
a landlord over the door of a structure occupying the site of Mr.
Newton's store. After several changes in the management, this hotel
went out of existence, about 1856. The leading hotel in Beaver Dam
at the present time is the Clark House, the property of Lawrence
Brothers (serene William and genial Thomas). It was built in 1858,
by Andrew Haight, who ])urchased the Horn House and removed it a
short distance west of its original site, built an addition to it and
christened it the Clark House in honor of Dr. Asahel Clark, then a
prominent citizen of Beaver Dam. In 1858, the entire structure was
destroyed by fire. A
 440 HISTORY OF DODGE COUNTY. stock company was
then organized, and by them the institution was rebuilt, Mr. Haight,
whose exceeding bonhomie fitted him for the position, taking charge
as landlord. He afterward purchased tlie property, and, in 1865, he
leased it to Messrs. Hard & Hunter, and became a partner in De
Haven's circus. Mr. Haight subsequently sold the Clark House to A. E.
Smith, who leased the property to Lawrence Brothers. Mr. Smith in
turn sold to Hezekiah Dunham, and, in 1877, T. D., and \V. H.
Lawrence became the proprietors. The first frame hotel built in
Beaver Dam is still standing near the Milwaukee House. It was
originally known as the Washington House. It was subsequently
purchased by John Lehrritter, who removed it to an adjoining lot and
built upon the original site a new and more commodious structure by
the same name. In 1872, M. Schreidbauer became the owner, and
christened it the Milwaukee House. A. Seifert purchased the property
in 1875, and three years later, built a two-story brick front, and
continues to be proprietor of the Milwaukee House to the present
time. The Eagle Tavern, kept by David and Jarius Benjamin, will be
remembered as one of the institutions under this heading. It was
opened in the fall of 1846, and stood on the site of the new City Hall
building. GOVERNMENT. Beaver Dam was incorporated as a city in
1856, the act of incorporation being approved March 18, of that
year. Prior to that time, it was under town government, and unlike
most of its sister cities, knows nothing of the hampered restraints of
the village system. The first charter election was held June 2, 1856,
with the following result, as shown by the canvass made by the
Board of Supervisors of the town of Beaver Dam : There were 548
votes cast for Mayor, of which John Robinson received 298, and A.
Scott Sloan 250. For Treasurer, J. II. Babcock, 303 votes; J. H. Ward,
247. Police Justice, G. H. Allen, 313; D. F. Stoll, 237. City Marslial,
Columbus Germain, 340 ; S. S. Woodard, 194. First AVard Oificers —
Aldermen, Edward Elwell, il. B. Phelps and John Waldhier ; Justice of
the Peace, William L. Parker ; Assessor, Bradley Noyes ; Constable,
Nicholas Schroeder. Second Ward — Aldermen, Eben Farrington, C.
S. Snow and Joseph Esch ; Justice of the Peace, John Perry ;
Assessor, Rees Evans; Constable, John Malone. Third Ward —
Aldermen, E. Schribner, Lorenzo Merrill and J. E. Hosmer; Justice of
the Peace, G. II. Allen; Assessor, Alfred Loomis ; Constable, Gilbert
Drown. Fourth Ward — Aldermen, J. W. Robinson, Alanson Tiffany
and Matthias Heath ; Justice of the Peace, D. F. Stoll ; Assessor, 0. K.
Coe ; Constable, James M. Conklin. The first meeting of the first
"City Fathers" of Beaver Dam, took place on the evening of third day
after the election, at Union Hall ; all the officers being present
except Alderman Hosmer fiom the Third. The Board was organized
by the election of Alderman Phelps as Chairman, and the
appointment of C. E. Havens as Clerk pro tempore. The Board then
proceeded to the election of a permanent Clerk, and after three
informal and two formal ballots, the matter was postponed. L. D.
Livermore received ten votes, and was declared elected City
Survevor. At the next meeting of the Council, Bradley Noyes was
duly elected to the office of Cit'y Clerk. In pursuance of an act of the
Legislature, the time of holding the charter election was changed to
the first Monday in March in each year, and, accordingly, at the
election of 1857, the following officers were elected: Mayor, A. Scott
Sloan; Treasurer, Horace D. Patch ; Marshal, T. B. Catlin; Street
Commissioner, Hiram N. Justice. First Ward Officers — Aldermen,
Andrew Haight, Ferdinand Krueger and L. H. Marvin ; Assessor,
Bradley Noyes ; Constable, William Ashton. Second Ward —
Aldermen, Stephen P. K. Lewis, George H. Stewart and R H. Ellis;
Assessor, W. H. Bracken; Constable, James Graham; Justice of the
Peace, John Perry. Third Ward — Aldermen, James B. Dickinson and
Andrew Willard ; Assessor, Harvey Smith; Constable, J. Q. Marsh.
Fourth Ward — Aldermen, E. C. Stevens, A. Tiffimy and Josiah
Newell; Assessor, George C. Laine; Constable, Henry Shuart, Jr. John
Mayne was chosen City Clerk by the Board.
 HISTORY OF DODGE COUNTY. 441 1858. — Mayor, A. Scott
Sloan; Treasurer, H. D. Patch; Street Commissioner, James E.
Hosmer; Marshal, T. B. Catlin. First Ward Officers— Aldermen, C. B.
Beebe and W. H. Smith; Assessor, Harvey Smith ; Justice of the
Peace, John Mayne; Constable, John Longstaff. Second Ward —
^"Aldermen, W. D. Babcock and Edward Hohl ; Assessor, Bradley
Noyes; Justice of the Peace, S. W. Coburn ; Constable, Elijah Allen.
Third Ward — Aldermen, Hiram Booth and Rees Evans; Assessor, C.
S. Billings; Justice of the Peace, John Perry ; Constable, Nathan
Marsh. Fourth Ward — Aldermen, John R. Traver and John A. V.
Bogert; Assessor, Josiah Newell; Justice of the Peace, D. F. Stoll ;
Constable, James M. Conklin ; John Mayne re-appointed City Clerk.
18511 — Date of election changed to the first Tuesday in April:
Mayor, E. P. Smith; Treasurer, L. H. Marvin; Marshal, T. B. Catlin;
Street Commissioner, A. S. Dominy; Superintendent of Schools, E.
Botsford. First Ward Officers — Aldermen, Charles Schutte, Gustavus
Stolz and M. F. Lowth ; School Commissioners, D. S. Ordway and
Francis Brecbter; Justice of the Peace, H. B. Phelps; Assessor,
Edward Hohl; Constable, J. H. Pishery. Second AVard — Aldermen,
Charles Burchard, George Heilig and Rees Evans ; School
Commissioner, G. H. Stewart; Assessor, W. H. Bracken; Constable, S.
J. Tyrell. Third Ward — Aldermen, G. E. Redfield and I. Gale; School
Commissioners, J. J. Miter and William Drown; Assessor, Andrew
Willard ; Constable, William Ashton. Fourth Ward — Aldermen,
Andrew Haight and J. C. Hall; School Commissioners, Lucien Merrill
and W. L. Parker; Assessors, A. J. McCoy and S. T. Canoll; John
Mayne re-appointed Clerk. 1800 — Mayor, A.' Joy; Treasurer, Hiram
Booth; School Superintendent, H. G. Bicknell ; Street Commissioner,
A. S. Dominy ; IMarshal, T. B. Catlin. First Ward Officers —
Aldermen, M. F. Lowth and Gustavus Stolz ; School Commissioner,
Francis Brecbter ; Justice of the Peace, H. B. Phelps ; Assessor.
Edward Hohl ; Constable, J. H. Pishery. Second Ward — Aldermen, E.
J. Jones and Rees Evans ; School Commissioner, John A. Douglas ;
Justice of the Peace, Charles Burchard ; Assessor, W. H. Bracken ;
Constable, C. S. Snow. Third Ward— Aldermen, Henry Stultz and
George W. Surdam ; School Commissioner, John Mayne; Justice of
the Peace, H. D. Patch; Assessor, S. F. Smith; Constable, William
Ashton. Fourth WardAldermen, J. C. Hall and A. Stansbury ; School
Commissioner, W. L. Parker ; Justice of the Peace, D. F. Stoll ;
Assessor, George Shaw ; Constable, S. T. Canoll. John Mayne re-
appointed City Clerk. 18(!1 — Mayor, R. V. Bogert ; Treasurer, Aaron
Lindsley ; Marshal, C. S. Snow ; Street Commissioner, Daniel
Bicknell; School Superintendent, John A. Douglas. First Ward Officers
— Aldermen, Jacob Ertl and Gustavus Stolz ; School Commissioner,
Conrad Lehrritter ; Assessor, Edward Hohl ; Constable, Matthias
Bamberger. Second Ward — Aldermen, William Wade and Edward
Elwell ; School Commi.ssioner, G. H. Stewart ; Assessor, C. W.
Russell ; Constable, C. S. Snpw. Third Ward— Aldermen, J. S.
Charles and J. F. McClure ; School Commissioner, J. J. Miter;
Assessor, S. F. Smith; Constable, Robert Longstaff. Fourth Ward —
Aldermen, A. P. Lawrence and John De Clark ; School Commissioner,
Eli Botsford ; Assessor, G. G. Shaw ; Constable, Richard E. Thomas.
John Mayne re-appointed City Clerk. 1862 — Mayor, H. W. Lander;
Treasurer, J. H.Ward; Marshal, A. Loomis ; School Superintendent,' L.
D. Brainard ; Street Commissioner, A. S. Dominy. First Ward Officers
— Aldermen, G. Stolz and E. Hohl ; Justice of the Peace, H. B.
Phelps ; School Commissioner, M. F. Lowth; Assessor, .John
Sherman; Constable, F. Drews. Second Ward — Aldermen, E. Elwgll
and F. Tillman ; Justice of the Peace, Charles Burchard; School
Commissioner, H. J. Boyer; Assessor, Charles Roth; Constable, C. S.
Snow. Third Ward— Aldermen. H. SHultz and E. E. Holt ; Justice of
the Peace, L. D. Livermore ; School Commissioner, John Mayne ;
Assessor, S. F. Smith ; Constable, A. Loomis. Fourth Ward —
Aldermen, R. Wiiittaker and W. L. Parker ; Justice of the Peace, D. F.
Stoll ; Scliool Commissioner. George Shaw ; Assessor, J. Fisher;
Constable, S. Canoll. John Mayne re-appointed City Clerk. 18t>:l —
>4ayor, W. C. Barnes; Treasurer, . E. J. Jones; School
Superintendent, E. C. McFetridge ; Street Commissioner, W. H. Clark
; Marshal, S. Canoll. First Ward Officei-s —
 442 HISTORY OF DODGE COUNTY. Aldermen, C. Schutte
and C. Schlehuber; School Commissioner, J. McHugh ; Justice of the
Peace, J. E. Hosmer ; Assessor, E. Hohl ; Constable, F. Drews.
Second Ward — Aldermen, L. L. Harvey and William Wade; School
Commissioner, B. W. Curtis; Assessor, W. H. Bracken ; Constable, A.
Wagner. Third Ward — Aldermen, J. S. Charles and J. H. Barrett ;
School Commissioner, T. Bull ; Justice of the Peace, R. Judson ;
Assessor, S. F. Smith; Constable, A. Loomis. Fourth Ward —
Aldermen, N. M. Gilbert, T. L. Newtoa and L. H. Marvin ; School
Commissioner, J. A. McFetridge ; Justice of the Peace, D. F. Stoll ;
Assessor, James Fisher ; Constable, S. T. Canoll. John Mayne re-
appointed City Clerk. 1864— Mayor, E. E. Holt ; Treasurer, A. Haight
; School Superintendent, E. C. McFetridge ; Street Commissioner, S.
H. Dudley ; Marshal, Robert Longstafl'. First Ward Officers —
Aldermen, G. Stolz and F. Brechter (B. F. Sherman elected to fill
vacancy, occasioned by the removal of Mr. Brechter from the ward) ;
School Commissioner, J. Ertl ; Justice of the Peace, J. E. Hosmer ;
Assessor, E. Hohl. Second Ward — Aldermen, Rees Evans and C.
Hemmy ; School Commissioner, L. Mertz ; Justice of the Peace, W. L.
Parker ; Assessor, A. L. Marvin ; Constable, C. S. Snow. Third Ward
— Aldermen, N. Hodgman and G. Foot ; School Commissioner, J.
Mayne ; Justice of the Peace, L. D. Livermore ; Assessor, S. F. Smith
; Constable, R. Longstaff. Fourth Ward — Aldermen, T. L. Newton
and A. Andrews ; School Commissioner, T. Wilcox ; Justice of the
Peace, D. F. Stoll ; Assessor, J. Fisher ; Constable, J. Whittaker. John
Mayne re-appointed City Clerk. 1865 — Mayor, 0. M. Warren ;
Treasurer, S. Haight ; School Superintendent, Eli Botsford ; Street
Commissioner, A. S. Dominy ; Marshal, R. E. Thomas. First Ward
Officers — Aldermen, B. F. Sherman and C. Schlehuber ; School
Commissioners, J. E. Hosmer and F. Ege ; Assessor, E. Hohl ;
Constable, J. Sherman. Second Ward — Aldermen, G. Stolz and J. I.
Warnei*: School Commissioner, S. P. K. Lewis ; Justice of the Peace,
F. Lehrkind ; Assessor,, Rees Evans; Constable, C. S. Snow. Third
Ward— Aldermen, E. E. Holt and N. Hodgman ; School
Commissioner, A. Willard ; Assessor, H. Stultz ; Constable, R.
Longstaff. Fourth Ward — Aldermen, C. Miller and A. Andrews;
School Commissioners, A. P. Lawrence and J. M. Sherman; Justice of
the Peace, A. M. Dunten ; Assessor, J. Fisher; Constable, R. E.
Thomas. John Mayne re-appointed City Clerk. 1866 — Mayor, H. W.
Lander; Treasurer, J. H. Barrett; School Superintendent, Eli Botsford
; Street Commissioner, A. S. Dominy ; Marshal, R. E. Thomas. First
Ward Officers — Aldermen, J. Ertl and C. Schlehuber : School
Commissioner, B. F. Sherman ; Assessor, John Sherman; Justice of
the Peace, J. E. Hosmer; Constable, J. Knapp ; for soldiers' bounty,
54; against, 17. Second Ward — Aldermen, Rees Evans and G. Stolz
; School Commissioner, L. Mertz ; Assessor, J. H. Pishery ; Justicaof
the Peace, William Reuping ; Constable, C. S. Snow ; for bounty, 78;
against, 51. Third Ward — Aldermen, W. Hathaway and I. Gould;
School Commissioner, N. Hodgman ; Assessor, S. F. Smith ; Justice,
L. D. Livermore ; Constable, B. P. Barber; for bounty, 42; against,
103. Fourth Ward — Aldermen, A. P. Lawrence and I. B. Record ;
School Commissioners, J. W. McNitt and J. J. Williams ; Assessor, B.
Goulding ; Justice, A. M. Dunten ; Constable, R. E. Thomas ; for
bounty, 28 ; against, 75. D. C. Gowdey appointed City Clerk. 1867 —
Mayor, H. W. Lander; Treasurer, J. H. Pishery; School
Superintendent, J. F. McClure; Street Commissioner, Rees Evans;
Marshal, T. B. Catlin. First Ward Officers — Aldermen, B. F. Sherman
and J. Ertl ; School Commissioner, Charles Schutte ; Assessor, E.
Hohl ; Constable, G. 0. Behling. Second Ward — Aldermen, Rees
Evans and Gus Hammer ; School Commissioner, W. L. Parker ;
Assessor, C. Hemmy ; Constable, C. S. Snow ; Justice of the Peace,
G. Hammer. Third Ward — Aldermen, W. Hathaway and J. H. Barrett
; School Commissioners, J. Mayne and A. Willard ; Assessor, S. F.
Smith : Constable, W. B. Ash. Fourth Ward— Aldermen, E. E. Holt,
M. G. Howard and J. A. McFetridge ; School Commissioner, J. H.
Babcock ; Assessor, C. H. .Johnson ; Constable, R. E. Thomas ; D. C.
Gowdey re-appointed City Clerk.
 HISTORY OF DODGE COUNTY. 443 1868 — Mayor, John S.
Rowell ; Treasurer, A. P. Catlin ; School Superintendent, Z. C. Trask ;
Street Commissioner, D. Blissett ; Marshal, T. B. Catlin. First Ward
Officers — Aldermen, Jacob Martin and C. Schlehuber ; School
Commissioner, B. F. Sherman; Justice of the Peace. J. E. Hosmer ;
Assessor, J. Ertl ; Constable, John Malone ; Second Ward —
Aldermen, J. H. Pishery and J. Brazell ; Assessor, C. Hemmy ; School
Commissioner, E. Elwell ; Justice of the Peace, G. Hammer ;
Constable, C. S. Snow. Third Ward — Aldermen, J. H. Barrett and
John Mayne; Assessor, S. F. Smith; School Commissioner, E. C.
McFetridge; Justice of the Peace, L. D. Livermore; Constable, T. B.
Catlin. Fourth Ward — Aldermen, 0. F. Hawley, M. G. Howard and T.
L. Newton ; School Commissioner, H. A. Keid ; Justice of the Peace,
C. W. Russell; Assessor, C. H. Johnson ; Constable, R. E. Thomas ; C.
W. Russell appointed City Clerk. 1869 — Mayor, J. E. Hosmer ;
Treasurer, G. Hebgen ; School Superintendent, J. F. McClure ; Street
Commissioner, E. L. Jacobs ; Marshal, R. E. Thomas. First Ward
Officers — Aldermen, B. F. Sherman and C. Schlehuber; School
Commissioner, John Sherman ; Assessor, E. Hohl; Constable, C
Schutte. Second Ward — Aldermen, R. Evans and William Biemdieke
; School Commissioner, W. L. Parker; Assessor, C. Hemmy;
Constable, J. Brazell. Third Ward — Aldermen, J. E. Flanders and 0.
Ashley ; School Commissioner, E. Martin ; Assessor, J. Mayne ;
Constable, W. Ashton. Fourth Ward — Aldermen, S. P. Doolittle and
C. Burchard ; School Commissioner, J. H. Babcock ; Assessor, J. R.
Traver ; Constable, A. M. Parker. For removal of county seat, 781 ;
against removal, 4. D. C. Gowdey appointed City Clerk. 1870 —
Mayor, E. C. McFetridge ; Treasurer, R. C. Gaton ; School
Superintendent, J. F. McClure ; Street Commissioner, W. B. Ash ;
Marshal, A. Loomis. First Ward Officers — Aldermen, P. Binzel and D.
B. Phelps ; County Supervisor, E. Hohl ; School Commissioner, A. B.
Hopkins; Justice of the Peace, J. E. Hosmer; Assessor, A Spuhler ;
Constable, C. Schlehuber. Second Ward — Aldermen, W. L. Parker
and J. Becker ; County Supervisor, T. Huth ; School Commissioner, A.
Dries; Justice of the Peace, G. Hebgen ; Assessor, J. H. Pishery ;
Constable, C. Hemmy. Third Ward — Aldermen, 0. Ashley and A.
Willard ; County Supervisor, E. C. McFetridge ; School Commissioner,
John Mayne ; Justice of the Peace, L. D. Livermore ; Assessor, John
Mayne ; Constable, A. Loomis. Fourth Ward — Aldermen, A. G. Weed
and B. Thorp, Sr.; School Commissioner, L. H. Marvin ; Justice of the
Peace, C. W. Russell ; Assessor, J. Fisher ; Constable, R. E. Thomas.
Thomas Hughes appointed City Clerk. 1871 — Mayor, S. D. Burchard
; Treasurer. B. F. Sherman; School Superintendent, J. F. McClure ;
Street Commissioner, J. Healy ; Marshal, A. Schluckebier. First Ward
Officers— Aldermen, E. Hohl and B. F. Sherman ; County Supervisor,
Jacob Martin ; School Commissioners, J. Geoggerle and A. B.
Hopkins ; Assessor, A. Spuehler ; Constable, C. Schlehuber. Second
Ward — Aldermen, G. Stolz and Rees Evans ; County Supervisor, T.
Huth : School Commissioner, W. L. Parker ; Assessor, C. Hemmy;
Constable, C. Schultz. Third Ward — Aldermen, C. E. Lewis and Ira
Rowell; County Supervisor, G. H. Stewart; School Commissioner, A.
Scott Sloan ; Assessor, John Mayne ; Constable, W. Ashton. Fourth
Ward — Aldermen, W. Hathaway and M. G. Howard; County
Supervisor, S. P. Doolittle; School Commissioner, J. H. Babcock ;
Assessor, J. Fisher ; Constable, A. M. Parker. D. C. Gowdey appointed
City Clerk. 1872 — Mayor, E. C. Stevens ; Treasurer, F. Tillman ;
School Superintendent, J. F. McClure ; Street Commissioner, Joseph
Bowes ; Marshal, R. E. Thomas. First Ward Officers — Aldermen, B.
F. Sherman and P. Binzel ; School Commissioner, C. Schutte ; Justice,
J. E. Hosmer; Assessor, A. Spuhler: Constable, C. Schlehuber. Second
Ward — Aldermen, Rees Evans and G. Scheutz ; School
Commissioner, G. Hammer : Justice. G. Hebgen ; Assessor, C.
Hemmy ; Constable, J. Spohn. Third Ward — Aldermen, A. Willard
and J. S. Rowell ; School Commissioner, J. Mayne; Justice, L. D.
Livermore; Assessor, C. H. Johnson; Constable, J. H. Messenger.
Fourth Ward — Aldermen, C. Burchard and N. Hodgman ; School
 444 HISTORY OF DODGE COUJ^TY. Commissioner, J. H.
Babcock ; Justice, C. W. Russell ; Assessor, J. Fisher ; Constable, R.
E. Tiiomas ; D. C. Gowdey re-appointed City Clerk. 1873 — Mayor, S.
P. K. Lewis ; Treasurer, C. E. Smith ; School Superintendent, John
Mayne ; Marshal, R. E. Thomas. First Ward Officers — Aldermen, B.
F. Sherman and J. Martin ; School Commissioners, C. Schutte and
John Sherman ; Assessor, A. Spuhler ; Constable, C. Schlehuber.
Second Ward — Aldermen, J. Becker and G. Stolz ; School
Commissioners, G. Hammer and Fred llemple ; Assessor, C. Hemmy ;
Constable, P. Breivogle. Third Ward — Aldermen, A. Willard, 0. H.
Crowl and R. H. Ellis ; School Commissioners, J. J. Miter and W. B.
Hazeltine ; Assessor, J. E. Flanders; Constable, G. L. Stultz. Fourth
Ward — Aldermen, W. Hathaway and M. G. Howard ; School
Commissioners, J. W. McNitt and J. A. McFetridge ; Assessor, J.
Fisher: Constable, R. E. Thomas; C. W. Russell appointed City Clerk.
1874 — Mayor, S. P. K. Lewis ; Treasurer, Alexander Samuels ;
School Superintendent, J. J. Dick ; Marshal, R. E. Thomas. First Ward
Officers — Aldermen, Charles Schutte and Jacob Martin ; School
Commissioner, John Sherman ; Justice, J. E. Hosmer ; Assessor, R.
N. Banks; Constable, C. Schlehuber. Second Ward — Aldermen, Rees
Evans and F. Brechter; School Commissioners, George Scheutz and
S. P. K. Lewis ; Justice, G. Hebgen ; Assessor, C. Hemmy ; Constable,
P. Breivogle. Third Ward — Aldermen, C. Hambright and Benjamin
Bayley ; School Commissioner, J. Hayden ; Justice, L. D. Livermore;
Assessor, W. B. Hazeltine; Constable, John Yetter. Fourth Ward —
Aldermen, C. Burchard and J. Bowes; School Commissioner, J. H.
Babcock; Justice, C. W. Russell; Assessor, James Fisher; Constable,
R. E. Thomas. C. W. Russell re-appointed City Clerk. 1875 — Mayor,
J. E. Hosmer ; Treasurer, L. W. Barber ; School Superintendent, J. J.
Dick; Marshal, A. Schluckebier. First Ward Officers — Aldermen, B. F.
Sherman and Jacob Martin ; School Commissioner, C. Schutte ;
Assessor, R. N. Banks ; Constable, C. Schlehuber. Second Ward —
Aldermen, F. Brechter and John Healy ; School Commissioner, Rees
Evans ; Justice, G. Hammer; Assessor, J. H. Fishery ; Constable, P.
Breivogle. Third Ward — Aldermen, 0. H. Crowl and R. H. Ellis;
School Commissioners, J. J. Miter and Thomas Hughes; Assessor, W.
B. Hazeltine ; Constable, J. Brooks. Fourth Ward — Aldermen, J.
Bowes and W. Hathaway ; School Commissioner, L. H. Marvin ;
Justice, R. V. Bogert ; Assessor, James Fisher ; Constable, R. E.
Thomas ; D. C. Gowdey appointed City Clerk. 1876 — Mayor, H. W.
Lander ; Treasurer, Charles Mann ; School Superintendent, J. J. Dick;
Marshal, R. E. Thomas. First Ward Officers — Aldermen, P. Binzel
and J. Scherubel; School Commissioner, John Sherman ; Justice, J.
E. Hosmer ; Assessor, R. N. Banks ; Constable, C. Schlehuber.
Second Ward — ^Aldermen, F. Brechter and John Zander ; School
Commissioner, W. L. Parker ; Justice, G. Hammer ; Assessor, A. F.
Mirlach ; Constable, P. Breivogle. Third AVard — Aldermen, Ira
Rowell and W. B. Ash ; School Commissioners, W. D. Martin and
John Trask ; Justice, L. D. Livermore ; Assessor, W. B. Hazeltine ;
Constable, J. Brooks. Fourth Ward — Aldermen, P. White and H.
Booth ; School Commissioner, M. G. Howard ; Justice, J. H. Ward ;
Assessor, J. Fisher ; Constable, R. E. Thomas ; G. Hebgen appointed
City Clerk. 1877 — Mayor, John T. Smith; Treasurer, W. E. Turner;
School Superintendent, J. J. Dick; Street Commissioner, J. Bowes;
Marshal, R. E. Thomas. First Ward Officers — Aldermen, B. F.
Sherman and J. B. Scherubel; School Commissioners, C. Schutte and
A. Gelling; Assessor, R. N. Banks ; Constable, C. Schlehuber. Second
Ward — Aldermen, G. Stolz and G. Scheutz; School Commissioner, C.
Germain; Assessor. A. F. Mirlach; Constable, P. Breivogle. Third Ward
— Aldermen. R. H. Ellis and E. Peachey; School Commissioner, John
Trask; Assessor, W. B. Hazeltine; Constable, E. Young. Fourth Ward
— Aldermen, Charles Mann, W. Hathaway and A. J. Smith; School
Commissioner, W. C. Griffis; Assessor, J. Fisher; Constable, A. G.
Dominy. G. Hebgen re-appointed City Clerk. 1878 — Mayor, E. Elwell;
Treasurer, J. Hanrahan; School Superintendent, J. J. Dick; Street
Commissioner, E. L.Jacobs; Marshal, R. E. Thomas. First Ward
Officers — Aldermen,
 HISTORY OF DODGE COUNTY. 445 B. F. Sherman and P.
Binzel; School Commissioner, A. B. Hopkins; Justice, J. E. Hosmcr;
Assessor, R. N. Banks; Constable, C. Schlehuber. Second Ward —
Aldermen, C. Germain and F. Brechter; Scliool Commissioner, R. E.
McGlashan ; Justice, G. Hammer; Assessor, W. F. Frenzel ; Constable,
M. Biersack. Third Ward — Aldermen, D. C. Gowdey and W. Ashton;
School Commissioner, J. H. Barnett; Justice, C. Leichardt ; Assessor,
John Mayne; Constable, John Dumas. Fourth Ward — Aldermen, E.
Hohl and J. W. Howard; School Commissioner, J. H. Babcock ;
Justice, H. Ward; Assessor, J. Fisher; Constable, F. Killips. F. Tillman
appointed City Clerk. 187II — Mayor, A. Scott Sloan, by a majority of
72II; Treasurer, L. Frank; School Superintendent, J.J. Dick; Street
Commissioner, L. H. Marvin; Marshal, R. E. Thomas. First Ward
Officers — Aldermen, P. Binzel and J. B. Scherubel; School
Commissioner, A. B. Hopkins; Assessor, R. Kolbe; Constable, J.
Duzinski. Second Ward — Aldermen, T. Hutii and F. Brechter; School
Commissioner, R. E. McGlashan; Assessor, A. F. Mirlach; Constable, J.
Brazel. Third Ward — Aldermen, E. Peachey and P. V. Haring; School
Commissioner, C. B. Beebe; Assessor, John Mayne; Constable, H. P.
Young. Fourth Ward — Aldermen, G. Warren and B. Thorp: School
Commissioner, W. C. Griffis; Assessor, J. Fisher; Justice, M. Sliafer;
Constable, T. G. Stafford. F. Tillman re-appointed City Clerk. STACiES
AND OMNIBUSES. Before the days of railroads, modes of travel were
somewhat antiquated. There were no stage lines even in Dodge
County until the spring of 1848. Prior to that time, an ox team was a
luxury, but the old settlers rarely rode in wagons when the walking
was good. The pedestrian feats performed by the early pioneers
were of a character in comparison to which the exploits of Weston,
O'Leary, and the rest of the band of walking lunatics, would pale into
insignificance. jNIr. Shal'er, of Beaver Dam remembers having made
the trip, on foot, from Milwaukee to Beaver Dam, in twenty-four
hours, arriving at the latter place about daylight, where he ran a
foot-race with a neighbor before taking rest or refreshments. The
first stage (a four-horse, thorough-brace mud wagon) readied
Beaver Dam from Watertown, in the spring of 1848. When the
strange vehicle drove up to the Eagle Tavern, the greatest
excitement prevailed. The occasion was duly celebrated in true
frontier style. The stage belonged to Davis & Moore, of Milwaukee,
and was a part of the extensive system then in existence in the
Northwest, under the control of Frink, Walker & Co., of Chicago. In
1849, the Concord coach came in vogue, and a daily line of stages
was established. This continued until 1856, when the railroad was
completed. Omnibus lines were then established in connection with
the hotels — the Chvrk House and the Stevens House. Mr. Haight,
the proprietor of tlie former, disposed of his bus line to tlie Phelps
Brotliers, who carried on the first independent bus line in Beaver
Dam. Mann, Brown & Co. then purchased the property of the
Messrs. Phelps, and, a year ago, the property passed to the control
of William M. Brown STEAMBOATS. Beaver Dam Lake furnishes
unsurpassed advantages for aquatic sports — sailing and swimming
in summer, and skating and sailing in winter. Its waters also afford
ample resources for larger craft propelled by steam. In 187.5,
Samuel Kowell and L. V. Moulton purchased from Milwaukee parties
the hull of a small sailing vessel, known to the fraternity of skippers
as a "plunger," and brought it to Beaver Dam, where they
overhauled it and put into it a boiler and engine and a screw wheel.
It was the pride of the lake for a time, being especially noted for its
speed. .\ .small propeller, called the "Senator Mc" (Fetridge), built,
some years since, in Fox Lake, and brouglit to Beaver Dam by
Ricliard Parmalee, was the next attraction in tlie steamboat line on
the lake. It was taken back to Fox Ijake, and has since been stripped
of its machinery.
 446 HISTORY OF DODGE COUNTY. In the spring of 1879,
Rowell, Sons & Co. built, at their machine-shops in Beaver Dam, a
beautiful little side-wheeler, 37 feet long and 12 feet breadth of
beam, and fitted it up with a six-horse-power engine, a commodious
cabin, storeroom, etc. It was launched on the 5th of June last, and
christened the '■ Belle Rowell," in honor of Capt. Rowell's third
daughter. This vessel is used by its owners for hunting and fishing
excursions and private picnics. G. B. Congdon now owns an interest
in the " Belle Rowell." PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The history of the
establishment of the first school in Beaver Dam has already been
given. In 1859, the Board of Education adopted the graded system,
with such rules and regulations as were thought to be essential. In
1866, a change was made in the system, and again in 1874, when
the present system was adopted. The course of instruction covers a
period of twelve years, and the schools are divided into four
departments, viz.: Primary, Intermediate, Grammar and High School.
The first two require a course of three years each, the third two
years, and the fourth, or High School, four years. The school year is
divided into three terms, the first commencing the first Monday in
September, continuing sixteen weeks ; the second, the first Monday
in January, twelve weeks ; the third, the first Monday in April, twelve
weeks. The corps of teachers consists of a Principal and assistant,
and as many teachers for other grades as the necessities of the case
may require, all under the control of a Superintendent, who, under
the advice and direction of the Board of Education, has the general
supervision of all the public schools, school houses and property. The
Hon. James J. Dick, since 1874, has been the efficient
Superintendent, and to day the schools of Beaver Dam rank second
to none in the State. In this work he has had, as he well deserves,
the co-operation of teachers, parents and friends of the school. Says
Mr. Dick, in his report at the close of the school year of 1878-79 : "
The work done in the schools the past year has generally been quite
satisfactory, and they are now in better condition than at any
previous time since my connection with them ; the teachers have
generally faithfully seconded my efforts for the advancement of the
schools, and have labored untiringly for the interests of their pupils ;
and the citizens, not only those who have children in the schools,
but all who have a pride in the growth and improvement of our city,
have manifested an increasing interest in the schools, not only by
placing no obstacles in the way, but by being ready at all times to
co-operate with the teachers and Superintendent in all the efforts
made for their general advancement." In his report for the school
year of 1876-77, the Superintendent says : "The best evidence that
our schools are worthy the support given them, is the fact that tlie
citizens of the city send their childi'en to them for instruction. It was
considered highly commendable m Senator Kernan, of New York,
that he sent his children to the public schools of his town ; and the
same commendation can be given to the citizens of the city of
Beaver Dam. And it is the best recommendation that the schools can
have. It should be our constant aim to so administer the schools
during the present year, that the same state of affairs will continue.
Keeping the schools up to the same high standard of scholarship ;
under the charge of competent instructors, and offering to the
parents the security they now have — that their children will be
efficiently protected from vice and contamination." That this high
standard has been maintained is evident from the increased
attendance and the pride with which the schools are spoken of by
the citizens. All this is being done, too, at a nominal cost, the
average amount per pupil being less than any city supportin.; the
same grade of schools in the whole Union. As evidence of this fact
we append tie several amounts expended during the past seven
years: 1872-73, $7,705.4:3 ; 1S73-74, S?7,069.21 ; 1874-75, $6
5S7.28; 1875-76, ^7,677.62; 1876-77, $7,339.44; 1877-78, ,?6,
2.36.17 ; 1878-79, $5,700.92. Thus it will be seen for the years
1878-79 the total cost is only $5,700.92, and this for an enrollment
of 813 pupils, only about $7 each for a ten-months school. This
includes every expense — teachers, janitors and clerks' salaries, fuel,
school supplies, repairs, etc.
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