FUNCTIONS
General Math 11 – Lesson 1
Learning Objectives:
After going through this module, you are
expected to:
recall the concepts of relations and functions;
demonstrate understanding of key concepts
of functions; and,
represent real-life situations using functions,
including piece – wise functions.
LESSON 1:
Concepts of
Functions
RELATION
ØA RELATION is any set of ordered pairs (�, �).
The set of all first elements of the ordered
pairs (�) is called the domain of the relation,
and the set of all second elements (�) is called
the range.
FUNCTION
ØA FUNCTION is a relation between the two
elements (domain and range) such that each
element in the domain corresponds to only
one element in the range.
“All FUNCTIONS are RELATION
but not all RELATIONS are FUNCTIONS”
Example 1: Identify if the following
relations are function or not.
a. � = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)}
b. � = {(3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}
c. � = {(0,0), (0,1), (1,2), (2,3)}
* The relation A and B are functions because there are
no two ordered pairs have the same value of domain
(x-values) but different values for range (y-values).
Meanwhile, C is not a function because they contain
ordered pairs with the same domain (0,0) and (0,1).
Solution using mapping diagram:
a. � = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)}
* This is a FUNCTION because there are no
ordered pairs have the same value of domain
but different values of range.
Solution using mapping diagram:
b. � = {(3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}
* This is a FUNCTION because there are no
ordered pairs have the same value of domain
but different values of range.
Solution using mapping diagram:
c. � = {(0,0), (0,1), (1,2), (2,3)}
* This is NOT a FUNCTION because there is a
domain corresponds to more than one range. Like
the domain 0, it corresponds to range 0 and 1.
VERTICAL LINE TEST
ØA graph of a relation is a function if any
vertical line drawn passing through the
graph INTERSECTS IT AT EXACTLY ONE
POINT.
Example 2: Which of the following
graphs is/are a graph/s of function?
a. c.
b. d.
Solving using vertical line test:
a. * This is NOT a GRAPH OF
FUNCTION because the
vertical line intersects the
graph in more than one
point.
b. * This is a GRAPH OF
FUNCTION because the
vertical line intersects the
graph in exactly one point.
Solving using vertical line test:
c. * This is NOT a GRAPH OF
FUNCTION because the
vertical line intersects the
graph in more than one
point.
d. * This is a GRAPH OF
FUNCTION because the
vertical line intersects the
graph in exactly one point.
FUNCTIONS AS
REPRESENTATIONS OF
REAL–LIFE
SITUATIONS
vFunction Machine
vPiece – Wise Function
FUNCTION MACHINE
ØFunction can be illustrated as a machine
where there is the input and the output,
where output (�) is dependent on input (�).
����� = ������ or � = � , since � = �(�)
�(�) = �
Example 3: Let’s try the following real-life
situation.
a. If distance (�) is a function of time (�), give
a function � that can represent the distance a
car travels in � time, if every hour the car
travels 60 kilometers.
a. If distance (�) is a function of time (�),
give a function � that can represent the
distance a car travels in � time, if every
hour the car travels 60 kilometers.
Solution: Let �(�) represent the distance
a car travels in time. Since every hour,
the car travels 60 kilometers; therefore
the distance function is given by
�(�) = ���
PIECE – WISE FUNCTION
ØA piece – wise function is a function
which consists of two or more functions
in a specified domain.
������� 1 �� � �� �� ������ 1
�(�) = ������� 2 �� � �� �� ������ 2
������� 3 �� � �� �� ������ 3
Example 4: Let’s try the following real-life
situation using piece – wise function.
a. A user is charged ₱250.00 monthly for a
particular mobile plan, which includes 200
free text messages. Messages in excess of 200
are charged ₱1.00 each. Represent the
amount of the consumer pays each month as
function of the number of messages (�) sent
in months.
b. A jeepney ride costs ₱8.00 for the first 5
kilometers, each additional integer kilometer
adds ₱1.50 to the fare. Use a piecewise
function to represent the jeepney fare in
terms of distance (�) in kilometers.
a. A user is charged ₱250.00 monthly for
a particular mobile plan, which includes
200 free text messages. Messages in
excess of 200 are charged ₱1.00 each.
Represent the amount of the consumer
pays each month as function of the
number of messages (�) sent in months.
Solution: Let �(�) represent the amount of
paid by the consumer each month.
��� �� � < � ≤ ���
�(�) =
��� + � �� � > ���
b. A jeepney ride costs ₱8.00 for the first
5 kilometers, each additional integer
kilometer adds ₱1.50 to the fare. Use a
piecewise function to represent the
jeepney fare in terms of distance (�) in
kilometers.
Solution: Let �(�) represents the cost of the
jeepney fare in every distance.
� �� � < � ≤ �
�(�) =
� + �. ��(�) �� � > �
