TAF IAS ACADEMY

ÄV>çªBVáìï¹[ ¸Å©¸¦D Š >twïD x¿kmD 50 þçáï^

HEAD OFFICE: TENKASI – 95975 87300, CUDDALORE: 9500259300

ÖÍ]B ¶«EBéç\©A

xï¡ç« (PREAMBLE)

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 xï¡ç« ¨[Å ØïV^çï  The American

ØÃÅ©Ã⦠åV| Š ¶Ø\öÂïV constitution was the
first to begin with a
preamble.
 xï¡ç«çB còkVÂþBkì Š  The preamble was
ÛkÇìéV_ ¼åò framed by –
Jawaharlal Nehru
 ¼åòs[ ""z¤Â¼ïV^  “Objectives
yì\VªD'' ¶«EB_ WìðB Resolution” drafted
ÄçÃl_ ¶¤xï©Ã|Ý>©Ã⦠and introduced in
gõ| Š ½ÄDÃì 13, 1946 constitution
Assembly on – Dec
13 , 1946
 ¼åòs[ z¤Â¼ïV^  Adopted by the
yì\VªÝç> ¶«EB_ constitutuent
WìðB ÄçÃBV_ °u®Â Assembly on Jan 22,
ØïV^á©Ãâ¦m Š Ûªkö 22, 1947
1947
 xï¡ç« Îò xçÅ  It has been amended
]òÝ>©Ãâ¦m. 42 km once by the 42nd
Äâ¦Ý]òÝ>D 1976 amendment Act
1976
 3 kVìÝç>ï^ ¼ÄìÂï©Ãâ¦m  Added 3 words
Ä\>ì\, Ä\BÄVìÃuÅ, socialist, secular and
Îòç\©ÃV| integrity
 xï¡ç«l_ ïVð©Ã|D  Liberty, Equality and
·>Í]«D, Ä\ÝmkD \u®D Fraternity were the
ļïV>«ÝmkD gþB important slogans
ØÄVuï^ ¸Ø«Þ·© during the French
A«âEloòÍm (1789)
¨|Âï©Ãâ¦m. Revolution in 1789.
xï¡ç« Ãu¤ ¶«EB_ Some Statements by
>çékìï¹[ ïòÝmÂï^ Eminent
personalities.
 ÖÍ]B ¶«EB_ ¶ç\©¸[  “Key Note of the
]Å¡¼ïV_ Š ¨ìªüâ Ãìªì Constitution” –
Ernest parkner
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 ¶«EBéç\©¸[ ¶ç¦BVá  Identity card of the

¶âç¦ Š N.A.ÃV_ÂþkVéV constitution – N.A.
Balkiwala
 ÖçÅBVõç\¥ç¦B  Political Horoscope –
\ÂïáVâEÂ z½B«E[ K.M. Munshi
ÛV>ïD Š K.M.x[´
 ¶«EBéç\©¸[  Jewel set of the
»[®¼ïV_, g[\V, constitution, proper
¶èïé[ Š >Víì>Vü yardstick of
ÃVìïkV constitution soul of
the constitution –
Thakurdas Bhargava
 ¨ºï^ Àõ¦åV^ 瑱D,  The preamble to our
gçÄ¥D constitution
Š ¶_éV½ þòiðÄVt expresses what we
had thought or
dreamt so long – Sir
Alladi Krishnaswamy
 ¶Ø\öÂï xï¡ç«çB s¦  Preamble resembles
¼\éVªm, ¶«EBéç\©Aß the declaration of
Äâ¦Ý][ clì Jß· Independence of the
Š À]Ã] Ö>BÝm_éV. USA but is more
than a declaration-
Justice Hidayatullah
 xï¡ç« ¨[Ãm  Paradise of Lawyers
kwÂï¤Qìï¹[ ØÄVìÂïD – Sir Ivor Jennings
Š Äìnkì ØÛ[Mº
 xï¡ç« Ãu¤ cßÄÀ]\[Å  Landmark cases on
kwÂzï^ : preamble :
 ØÃòÃVö kwÂz (1960)  Berubari Union case
xï¡ç« ¶«EBéçD¸[ Îò (1960) – It was
Ãz] ¶_é ¨[® decided by the bench
yì©Aç«Ý>m. of 7 Judges. The SC
said that the
preamble is not a part
of the constitution

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 ¼ïÄkVªÍ> ÃV«] kwÂz  Kesavananda Bharti

(1973) Š xï¡ç« Vs State of Kerala
¶«EBéç\©¸[ Îò Ãz] (1973)
>V[ ¨[Åm.  It was decided by
Bench of 13 Judges
(the Largest
constitution bench)
 The SC said
preamble is the part
of constitution
 s] 368 [ ý  Which can be
¶«EBéç\©çà ]òÝ> amended under the
x½¥D. art of 368.

 ¶«EBéç\©¸[ ¶½©Ãç¦  But the basic

ïâ¦ç\©çà \VuÅV\_ structure of
]òÝ>D ØÄFB ¼kõ|D. constitution cannot
be amended.

 LIC kwÂz (1995) xï¡ç«  LIC case (1995) : The

¶«EBéç\©¸[ Îò Ãz] SC has once again
>V[ ¨ª c®]©Ã|Ý]Bm. held that preamble
is the integral part
of the constitution.
Ãz] I Š Î[¤BxD ¶>[ Wékç«BçÅ¥D
Part – I union and its Territory.
 s] Š 1 ÖÍ]B Î[¤BÝ][  Art 1 – Name &
ØÃBì \u®D ¨_çéï^ Territory of the
 ÖÍ]B ¶>Vkm ÃV«>D union.
 India that is Bharat
 Name
1. Bharat
(Traditional Name)
2. India (Modern
name)

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 ÖÍ]B ¶«EBéç\©¸_  Union of states

íâ¦VâE ¨[Å ØÄV_ rather than
Ö¦DØÃÅs_çé ¶>uz federation of states
Ã]éVï Î[¤BD ¨[Å for 2 reasons
ØÄV_çé ÃB[Ã|Ý]Bkì
 The Indian
Š Dr.B.R.¶D¼ÃÝïVì
federation is not the
result of an
agreement among
the states
 The states have no
right to secede from
the federation.
 s] Š 2 : ÖÍ]B Î[¤BÝ][  Art 2 – Admission or
¨_çé© Ã«©¸_ Ö_éV> Establishment of
A]B Wé©Ã«©çà ÖÍ]BV¡- new states
-¦[ ÖçðÝm A]B Empowers to the
\VWéºïáVï ÖçðÝmÂ
ØïV^ÓD ¶]ïV«D parliament.
åV¦VÓ\[ÅÝ]uz
c^ám.
 (¨.|) : EÂþD \VWéD
35 km Äâ¦]òÝ>D 1974 _
mçð \VWé ¶Í>üm
ØÃuÅm. 36 km Äâ¦]òÝ>D
, 1975 _ \VWé ¶Í>üm
ØÃuÅm.
 s] Š 3 : ÖÍ]BVs_  Art 3 – Formation of
°u謁k c^á new states and
\VWéºïçá Ö«õ¦Vï alteration of areas,
¸ö©Ãm, ØÃBì, ¨_çé, boundaries or names
ë©çà kzÂzD ¶]ïV«D
åV¦VÓ\[ÅÝ]uz \â|¼\ of existing states
c^ám.
(¨.ïV)
 gÍ]«V
 Ø>KºïVªV
(É[ 02, 2014)

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 s] 4 Š s] 2 \u®D 3[  Art – 4 : Laws made

ÿµ ØÄFBÂ í½B ]òÝ>D under art 2 and 3 to
¶â¦kçð 1 \u®D 4 _ provide for the
\VuÅD °uÃ|D. amendment of 1st
and 4th Schedules.
ÖÍ]B \VWºï^ \u®D RMB[ ¸«¼>ĺï^ còkVª
k«éV®
Evolution of States and union territories
 ·>Í]«Ý][ ¼ÃVm  There were 565
ÖÍ]BVs[ ¨_çéÂz^ princely states when
ÖòÍ> ·¼>Ä Indian and Pakistan
\VïVðºï¹[ became Independent
¨õèÂçï Š 565
 ·¼>Ä \VïVðºïçá  Through the efforts
ÎòºþçðÝ>kì Š Äì>Vì of sardar Vallabhai
k_éÃVF Ã⼦_ patel and his
(ÖÍ]BVs[ ÖòDA \M>ì) secretary V.P.
x>_ mç𠸫>\ì, x>_
c^mçÅ ¶ç\ßÄì) \u®D Menon integrate
Ã⼦o[ ØÄBéVáì many princely states
s.¸. ¼\ª[. within the union of
India
 ÖÍ]BV¡¦[ ÖçðÍ>  562 Princely states
·¼>E ¶«·ï^ Š 562 were merged with
India
 ÖÍ]BV¡¦[ Öçð  Princely states
\®Ý> ·¼>E \VïVðºï^ Š refused to join with
ýªVïÝ, ÛDx & ïVi*ì, India – Junagarh,
çÇ>«VÃVÝ Kashmir, Hyderabad.
 ýªVïÝ Š ]kV[ ¯â¼¦V Š  Junagarh –
ØÃVm kVÂØï|©A
Shahnawaz khan
 ÛDx & ïVi*ì Š «VÛV
Bhutto’s Diwan –
ÇöEº Š Öçð©A ΩÃÍ>D
public vote
 çÇ>«VÃVÝ Š WÄVD Š
(referendum)
Operation Polo ¨[Å
Ö«Vbk å¦k½Âçï  J & K – Raja Hari
singh – Instrument
of Accession

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 Hyderabad – Nisam –
operation polo
police action.
ÖÍ]BVs[ gâE Ãz] 1950
In 1950, the constitution contained a four fold
classification
 Ãz] A Š ¸öâ½i gÓåìÂz  Part – A – British
ïâ|©Ã⦠\VïVðºï^-9 Governor provinces
 Ãz] B Š Äâ¦\[źï^  Part A – Princely
c^á ·¼>E \VïVðºï^ states with
Š9 legislation Assembly.
 Ãz] C Š >çéç\  Part C – Chief
gçðBòÂz ïâ|©Ã⦠commissioner
\VïVðºï^ Š 10
provinces
 Ãz] D - ¶Í>\V[  Part D – Andaman &
& W¼ïVÃVì Š 1
Nicobar.
 Ø\VÝ>D 29 \VïVðºï^
 Total 29 states.
 \VWéºïçá Ø\Va  Reorganisation of
kVöBVï ¸öÂï©Ã⦠states on linguistic
k«éV® : basis :
 1. S.k. >Vì z¿ : ¶ç\Ý>m  1. S.K. Dhar
Š É[ 1948. commission formed
 ¶¤Âçï Ä\ì¸Ý>m – June 1948
Š ½ÄDÃì 1948  Report submitted –
 >çékì Š S.k.>Vì Dec 1948
 c®©¸ªìï^ Š Ã[ªVéV_,  Headed by – S.K.
ÛïÝ åV«VBð[ Dhar
 Members – Panalal,
Jahat Narayanan
 ¼åVÂïD Š Ø\VakVö  Objective – To
\VWéºï^ ¶ç\©Ã>uïVª examine the
ów_ïçá g«VF>_ feasibility of
reorganisation of
state on linguistic
basis

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ÃöÍmç«ï^ : Recommendation :
 WìkVï ïV«ðºïÓÂïVï©  The reorganisation
¸öÂïéVD. of the states on the
 Ø\Va \u®D ÃõÃV| basis of
¶½©Ãç¦l_ ¸öÂï í¦Vm. administrative
convenience rather
than linguistic
factor
2.JVP z¿ :  JVP committee : INC
 >Vì z¿s[ ¶¤Âçï ]ò©] set up another
¶¹ÂïV>>V_ committee which
ØÛF©¯ö_ åç¦ØÃuÅ INC was formed in Jaipur
\VåVâ½_ ¶ç\Âï©Ãâ¦m. congress session.
 ¶ç\Ý>m Š ½ÄDÃì 1948  Formed – Dec 1948
 ¶¤Âçï Ä\ì¸Ý>m Š °©«_  Submitted – April
1949 1949
 c®©¸ªìï^ Š JVP  Members - JVP
J – Jawaharlal Nehru
V – Vallabhai Patel
P – Pattabi Seetharamaya
 ÃöÍmç« Š Ø\VakVö  It has been noted
\VWéºï^ ¸öÂï©Ã|kç> that these
W«VïöÝ>m. committee oppose
reorganisation of the
state of India on the
basis of language.
x>_ Ø\VakVö \VWéD : First linguistic state :
 ØÃVâ½ p «VxK ¨[Ãkì  Prolonged popular
>M gÍ]« \VWéD ¼ïâ| agitation and the
56 åVâï^ cõðVs«>D death of potti sri
ÖòÍm ½ÄDÃì 15, 1952 _ ramulu, a congress
clì sâ¦Vì.
person of standing
after a 56 days
hunger stike for the
cause.

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 ÖÝ>çïB ¼ÃV«Vâ¦Ý]uz  In October 01, 1953

¸Åz \>«Vü \VïVðÝ]_ the government of
ÖòÍm ¸öÂï©Ãâ| India was forced to
¶Â¼¦VÃì 1, 1953 _ x>_ create the first
Ø\VakVö \VWD gÍ]«V
còkVªm. linguistic state
known as Andhra
state by separating
the Telugu speaking
areas from Madras
state.

3.ÃÄ_ ¶o z¿ : Fazl Ali commission :

 ÃÄ_ ¶o >çéç\l_  Government of India
1953 gD gõ| \VWé to appoint 1953
\®æ«ç\©A gçðBD member states
¶ç\Âï©Ãâ¦m. Reorganisation
commission under
the chairmenship of
Fazl Ali.
 ¶ç\©A Š ½ÄDÃì 01, 1953  Formed – Dec 1,
 ¶¤Âçï Ä\ì¸Ý>m 1953
Š ØÄ©¦DÃì 22, 1955  Submitted – Sep 22,
 c®©¸ªìï^ 1953
Š K.M. ÃèÂïì,  Membership – K.M.
H.N.z[üò Panikkar, H.N.
Kunzru

ÃöÍmç«ï^ : Recommendation :
 ÖÍ]BVçk Ø\VakVö  Broadly accepted
\VWéºïáVï© ÃöÂïéVD language as the basis
gªV_ Îò Ø\VaÂz Îò of reorganisation of
\VWéD ¨[Å ØïV^çï states. But, it
W«VïöÂï©Ãâ¦m.
rejected the theory
of one language one
state.

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 Ãz] A,B,C,D gþBçk  The commission

xu¤KD ÀÂï©Ã¦ ¼kõ|D suggested the
abolition of the 4
fold classification of
states and territory.
 ÖÂz¿s[ ÃöÍm竩ý  By the
\VWé \®æ«ç\©Aß Äâ¦D recommendation of
1956 ÖBuÅ©Ãâ¦m. this committee the
state reorganisation
Act 1956 was passed
 7km Äâ¦Ý]òÝ>D 1956[  1956, 7th
ý ÖÍ]BVçk 14 constitutional
\VWéºï^ (\) 6 RMB[ amendment act 14
¸«¼>ĺïáVï states and 6 union
¸öÂï©Ãâ¦m.
territories was
formed.

14 \VWéºï^ : 6 RMB[ ¸«¼>ĺï^

 gÍ]«V 1. ¶Í>\V[ & W¼ïVÃì
 ¶ÄVD y¡ï^
 «VÛü>V[ 2. éâÄÝy¡ y¡ï^
 cÝ]«¸«¼>ÄD 3. ئ_o
 ÎöÄV 4. \詯ì
 ¼ï«áV 5. ]öA«V
 ÛDx & ïVi*ì 6. Ö\VßÄé ¸«¼>ÄD
 \>«Vü
 \Ý]B ¸«¼>ÄD
 ç\óì
 ¼\uz kºïVáD
 ÃDÃVF
 ÃÞÄV©
 ¬ïVì
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 15 km \VWéD Š zÛ«VÝ Š 1960

 16km \VWéD ŠåVïéVÍm Š 1963
 17 km \VWéD Š ÇöBVªV Š 1966
 18 km \VWéD Š N\VßÄé© ¸«¼>ÄD Š 1971
 19 km \VWéD Š \詯ì
 20 km \VWéD Š ]öA«V 1972
 21 km \VWéD Š ¼\ïVéBV
 22 km \VWéD Š EÂþDŠ 1975
 23 km \VWéD Š t¼ÄV«D
 24 km \VWéD Š ¶òðVÄé ¸«¼>ÄD - 1987
 25 km \VWéD Š ¼ïVkV
 26 km \VWéD Š Äâ½üïì åkDÃì 1
 27 km \VWéD Š cÝ>«ïVõâ åkDÃì 9 2000
 28 km \VWéD Š ÛVìïõâ åkDÃì 15
 29 km \VWéD Š Ø>KºïVªV Š É[ 02, 2014
>u¼ÃVm RMB[ ¸«¼>ĺï^ :
 Amئ_o
 ¶Í>\V[ & W¼ïVÃVì Š åkDÃì 01, 1956
 éâÄÝy¡
 >VÝ«V åVïì Ǽko Š 1961
 ç¦R & ¦V\[ Š 1962 Š Ûªkö 26, 2020
 Amß¼Äö
 Äõ½ïì Š 1966
 é¦V Š ¶Â¼¦VÃì 31, 2019
 ÛDx & ïVi*ì

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