REVIEW TAKEHOME

Subject Code: RTH38

Reinforced Concrete Design 3

SITUATION 1: SOLUTION: d. 1745.1 kN-m

A reinforced concrete square tied According to NSCP 2015, vertical
column carries an axial dead load of spacing of ties shall not exceed: SOLUTION:
800 kN and axial live load of 1,025 kN. 16db = 16(28) = 448 mm MODE 3 − 2 (Freq ON)
Use 2015 NSCP, fc’= 28 MPa and fy = 350 X Y FREQ
48dt = 48(10) = 480 mm
MPa. 125 0 0.85(28)(250)(700)
Least dimension of column = 410
1. Determine the final factored load. 475 0 0.85(28)(450)(300)
mm π
a. 2726 kN b. 1825 kN 62.5 0 4 [ 4 (25)2 ] (415)
c. 2600 kN d. 2510 kN Choose the smallest value, 187.5 0
π
2 [ 4 (25)2 ] (415)
∴ spacing of ties = 410 mm 637.5 0
π
4 [ 4 (25)2 ] (415)
SOLUTION:
Pu = 1.2PD + 1.6PL x̅ = 286 mm
= 1.2(800 kN) + 1.6(1025 kN) SITUATION 2:
Pu = 2600 kN Due to architectural requirements, a Mu = Pu e
column is a T-section as shown. Mu = 4155(0.42 − 0.286)
Mu = 556.8 kN − m
2. Determine the smallest dimension of
the column section using initial value of
SITUATION 3:
steel ratio of 2%.
A rectangular concrete column 400
a. 405 mm b. 410 mm
mm x 600 mm in cross section is
c. 415 mm d. 400 mm
reinforced with 8-25 mm diameter
longitudinal bars equally distributed
SOLUTION: along all sides and 3 legs of 12 mm
Pu = ϕ0.80[0.85f′c (Ag − Ast ) + diameter transverse ties in each
Ast fy ] direction.
ρ=
As A
; 0.02 = s ; As = 0.02Ag • Concrete yield strength, f’c = 24
Ag Ag
MPa
2600 × 103 = • f’c = 28 MPa; fy = 415 MPa • Steel yield strength, fy = 415 MPa
(0.65)(0.80)[0.85(28)(Ag − • 10 mm diameter ties • Allowable concrete shear stress, fv
0.02Ag ) + 0.02Ag (350)] • Clear concrete cover = 40 mm = 0.82 MPa for shear parallel to “h”
Ag = 119, 084.2604 mm2 5. Determine the distance of the dimension.
Assume square tied column, geometric centroid of the section from 8. Determine the factored shear force
d = √Ag = 406.06 mm ≈ line 1 along the x-axis. that the column can be subjected if the
410 mm a. 286 mm b. 134 mm nominal shear strength provided by
c. 156 mm d. 277 mm the ties is 375 kN.
a. 551 kN b. 375 kN
3. Determine the required number of SOLUTION: c. 176 kN d. 413 kN
28mm ø bars. MODE 3 − 2 (Freq ON)
a. 8 b. 6 SOLUTION:
X Y FREQ
c. 2 d. 4 250 d = 600 − 40 − 12 − 12.5 =
0 250(700)
2 535.5 mm
SOLUTION: 450
250 + 0 450(300) Vc = 0.82(400)(535.5) =
2
Pu = ϕ0.80[0.85f′c (Ag − Ast ) + 175.644 kN
Ast fy ] x̅ = 277 mm Vu = 0.75(175.644 + 375) =
2600 × 103 = 468 kN
(0.65)(0.80)[0.85(28)(4102 − 6. Determine the distance of the plastic
Ast ) + Ast (350)] centroid of the section from line 1 9. Determine the permissible factored
Ast = 3,063.2128 mm2 along the x-axis. shear force if the 12 mm diameter ties
Ast 3,063.2128 mm2
n= = π a. 286 mm b. 134 mm are spaced at 225 mm on centers.
Ab (28)2
4 c. 156 mm d. 277 mm a. 510 kN b. 383 kN
n = 4.9747
c. 175 kN d. 335 kN
n ≈ 6 (round up, even)
7. Determine the bending moment if a
factored load of 4155 kN acts along the SOLUTION:
4. Determine the spacing of 10mm ties. x-axis at 420 mm from line 1. Av fy d
s=
a. 410 mm b. 450 mm a. 1150.94 kN-m Vs
π
b. 556.8 kN-m 3[ 4 (12)2 ](415)(535.5)
c. 475 mm d. 480 mm 225 =
c. 1188.33 kN-m Vs

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 REVIEW TAKEHOME
Subject Code: RTH38

Reinforced Concrete Design 3

Vs = 335.13 kN a. 318.58 kN b. 398.05 kN Assume square tied column,

Vu = 0.75(175.644 + 335.13) = c. 716.63 kN d. 537.47 kN 4Ag
383.08 kN d=√ = 488.23 mm ≈
π
SOLUTION: 500 mm
25
10. What is the required spacing of the d = 800 − 40 − 10 − = 737.5
2
12 mm ties if the nominal shear Vc = 0.17√f ′ cbw d = 15. How many main bars are needed if
strength to be provided by the ties 0.17√28(600)(737.5) = the diameter of the column is the
parallel to the longer column 398.05 kN answer in item no. 14?
dimension is 400 kN? Av fy d a. 10 b. 6
Vs =
a. 170 mm b. 190 mm s
π c. 13 d. 4
3[ 4 (10)2 ](275)(737.5)
c. 180 mm d. 200 mm Vs =
150
Vs = 318.58 kN SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: Vnx = Vcx + Vsx = 398.05 + Pu = ϕ0.85[0.85f′c (Ag − Ast ) +
Av fy d Ast fy ]
s= 318.58 = 716.63 kN
Vs
π 3076 × 103 =
3[ 4 (12)2 ](415)(535.5) π
s=
400×103 13. What is the nominal compressive (0.75)(0.85) [0.85(21) ( (500)2 −
4
s = 188.5 mm ≈ 180 mm load at zero eccentricity? Ast ) + Ast (414)]
a. 11,795.2 kN b. 11,597.2 kN Ast = 2036.1424 mm2
SITUATION 4: c. 11,957.2 kN d. 11,975.2 kN
Given: Ast 2036.1424 mm2
n= = π = 3.31
SOLUTION: (28)2
• W x L = 600 mm x 800 mm Ab
4

• 3 legs of ties along x-axis Pn = 0.80[0.85f ′ c(Ag − As ) + n = 6 pcs. (minimum prescribed)

• 4 legs of ties along y-axis A s fy ]
• Main reinforcement = 16 – 25 mm Pn = 16. What is the required pitch of the
diameter bars 0.80{0.85(28) [(600)(800) − spiral 10 mm in diameter?
• Lateral ties = 10 mm diameter bars π a. 50 mm b. 80 mm
16 [ (25)2 ] +
• Reinforcing steel yield strength: 4 c. 95 mm d. 75 mm
π
• Main reinforcement, fy = 415 MPa 16 [ (25)2 ] (415)} = 11597.2 kN
4
• Lateral ties, fyv = 275 MPa SOLUTION:
• Concrete, f’c = 28 MPa ρs = 0.45 [
Ag
− 1] ( c )
f ′

• Clear concrete cover = 40 mm SITUATION 5: Ac fy

π
A circular spiral column is designed to (500)2
• Spacing of ties = 150 mm = 0.45 [π4 − 1] (
21
)
11. What is the nominal shear strength carry an axial dead load of 950 kN and 4
(420)2 414

of the column for the shear parallel to an axial live load of 1210 kN. Use fc’ = ρs = 9.5238 × 10−3
the y-axis? 21 MPa and fy = 414 MPa. Assume 2%
steel ratio and use 28 mm main bars. 4As (Dc −db)
a. 445.7 kN b. 832.51 kN s= (Dc )2 ρs
c. 386.81 kN d. 624.38 kN The minimum clear concrete cover is π
4[ (10)2 ](420−10)
40 mm. 4
= (420) 2 (9.5238×10−3 )
14. What is the minimum diameter of
SOLUTION: s = 76.69 mm ≈ 75 mm
25 the column?
d = 600 − 40 − 10 − = 537.5 a. 300 mm b. 480 mm
2
Vc = 0.17√f ′ cbw d = c. 620 mm d. 500 mm SITUATION 6:
0.17√28(800)(537.5) = A reinforced concrete spiral column
386.81 kN SOLUTION: has a gross steel ratio of 2.5%. It is
Pu = 1.2PD + 1.6PL made to carry a dead load of 1200 kN
Av fy d and a live load of 1500 kN. The main
Vs = = 1.2(950 kN) + 1.6(1210 kN)
s
π Pu = 3076 kN reinforcement to be used is 36 mm
4[ 4 (10)2 ](275)(537.5)
Vs = Pu = ϕ0.85[0.85f′c (Ag − Ast ) + diameter.
150
Vs = 445.7 kN Ast fy ] The properties of the column are as
Vny = Vcy + Vsy = 386.81 + As A follows:
ρ= ; 0.02 = s ; As = 0.02Ag
445.7 = 832.51 kN
Ag Ag fy = 275 MPa ; f'cv = v20.7 MPa
3076 × 103 = 17. What is the factored axial load
(0.75)(0.85)[0.85(21)(Ag − carried by the column?
12. What is the nominal shear strength 0.02Ag ) + 0.02Ag (414)] a. 2,340 kN b. 1,344 kN
of the column for the shear parallel to Ag = 187, 215.2268 mm2 c. 1,045 kN d. 3,840 kN
the x-axis?
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 REVIEW TAKEHOME
Subject Code: RTH38

Reinforced Concrete Design 3

SOLUTION: 21. What is the minimum dimension if SITUATION 8:

U = 1.2DL + 1.6LL it is designed to be a square column A reinforced concrete spiral column
U = 1.2(1200kN) + 1.6(1500kN) with a steel ratio of 2.1%. carries dead axial load of 1000 kN and
∴ U = 3840 kN a. 350 mm b. 500 mm a live axial load of 1125 kN. f'c = 20.7
c. 575 mm d. 300 mm MPa; fy = 315MPa
24. What is the factored axial load
18. The probable dimension of the SOLUTION: carried by the column?
column is most likely equal to if it is PU = ∅(0.85)[0.85f ′ cAc + AS fy] a. 2,000 kN b. 1,300 kN
shaped to be a circle: By rearranging the equations: c. 1,005 kN d. 3,000 kN
a. 350 mm b. 500 mm PU
= ′
0.75(0.85)[0.85f c(1−ρg )+fyρg ]
c. 575 mm d. 300 mm SOLUTION:
Ag = 115 790.6964 mm2
U = 1.2DL + 1.6LL
SOLUTION: Ag = d2 U = 1.2(1000kN) + 1.6(1125kN)
PU = ∅(0.85)[0.85f ′ cAc + AS fy] d = 340.2803 mm ∴ U = 3000 kN
By rearranging the equations: ∴ Use d = 350 mm
PU
= ′
0.75(0.85)[0.85f c(1−ρg )+fyρg ] 25. What is the minimum diameter of
22. Find the number of 25 mm the spiral column if it is designed with
Ag = 250 665.7544 mm2 diameter bar that will be used if it is the a steel ratio of 0.023?
π reinforcement of the column. a. 350 mm b. 500 mm
A g = d2
4 a. 8 bars b. 10 bars
d = 564.94 mm c. 575 mm d. 300 mm
c. 5 bars d. 6 bars
∴ Use d = 575 mm
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: PU = ∅(0.85)[0.85f ′ cAc + AS fy]
19. How many reinforcing bars are to A g = d2 By rearranging the equations:
be used in accordance with the NSCP Ag = (350 mm)2 =
PU
′
0.75(0.85)[0.85f c(1−ρg )+fyρg ]
Code? Ag = 122 500 mm2
Ag = 192 585.2952 mm2
a. 8 bars b. 10 bars PU = ∅(0.80)[0.85f ′ cAc + AS fy] π
c. 5 bars d. 6 bars A g = d2
4
Ac = Ag − AS d = 495.1840 mm
SOLUTION: As = 2 007.1458 mm2 ∴ Use d = 500 mm
π π
A g = d2 AS = n (25 mm)2
4 4
π
Ag = (575 mm)2 n = 4.0889
4
∴ Use n = 6 bars 26. Find the number of 32 mm
Ag = 259 672.2678 mm2 diameter bar that will be used if it is the
reinforcement of the column.
PU = ∅(0.85)[0.85f ′ cAc + AS fy] 23. The spacing of the spirals to be a. 8 bars b. 10 bars
Ac = Ag − AS used in the column is most likely equal c. 5 bars d. 6 bars
As = 5 651.0008 mm2 to if the concrete cover used is 40 mm.
π
AS = n (36 mm)2 a. 30 mm b. 50 mm SOLUTION:
4
c. 55 mm d. 40 mm π
n = 5.5518 A g = d2
4
∴ Use n = 6 bars π
Ag = (500 mm)2
SOLUTION: 4
Dc = d − 2cc Ag = 62 500π mm2
SITUATION 7: Dc = 350 − 2(40) PU = ∅(0.85)[0.85f ′ cAc + AS fy]
A reinforced concrete spiral column Dc = 270 mm Ac = Ag − AS
carries dead axial load of 750 kN and a Ag f′c As = 4 206.7624 mm2
ρmin = 0.45 ( − 1) π
live axial load of 900 kN. f'c = 28 MPa; Ac fyh
AS = n (32 mm)2
3502 28 4
fy = 400 MPa ρmin = 0.45 ( 2 − 1)
270 415 n = 5.2307
20. What is the factored axial load ρmin = 0.2066 ∴ Use n = 6 bars
carried by the column? 4a (D −d )
a. 2,340 kN b. 1,344 kN ρ = s c2 s
sDc
c. 1,045 kN d. 3,840 kN PROBLEM 27:
π
4( 4 102 )(270−10) Spacing of stirrups in a rectangular
SOLUTION: 0.2066 = beam is ___________.
s(270)2
U = 1.2DL + 1.6LL s = 32.2783 mm a. Kept constant throughout the
U = 1.2(750kN) + 1.6(900kN) s = 30 mm length.
∴ U = 2340 kN b. Decreased towards the center of
the beam.
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Subject Code: RTH38

Reinforced Concrete Design 3

c. Increased at the ends ultimate destination—heaven—where

d. Increased at the center of the I will live with You for eternity!
beam.

PROBLEM 28:
The diameter of longitudinal bars of a
column should never be less than
_________.
a. 6 mm b. 8 mm
c. 10 mm d. 12 mm

PROBLEM 29:
A RC beam not provided with shear
reinforcement may develop cracks in
its bottom inclined roughly to the
horizontal at:
a. 25° b. 35°
c. 45° d. 55°

PROBLEM 30:
Design of R.C.C. cantilever beams, is
based on the resultant force at:
a. Fixed end
b. Free end
c. Mid span
d. Mid span and fixed support

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The Mystery of Heaven

By Billy Graham

I will dwell in the house of the Lord

forever.
—Psalm 23:6
What will heaven be like? Just as there
is a mystery to hell, so there is a
mystery to heaven. Yet I believe the
Bible teaches that heaven is a literal
place. Is it one of the stars? I don’t
know, I can’t even speculate. The Bible
doesn’t inform us. I believe that out
there in space where there are one
thousand million galaxies, each a
hundred thousand light years or more
in diameter, God can find some place
to put us in heaven. I’m not worried
about where it is. I know it will be
where Jesus is. Christians don’t have to
go around discouraged and
despondent, with their shoulders bent.
Think of it—the joy, the peace, the
sense of forgiveness that He gives you,
and then heaven, too.

Prayer for the day

Whatever I face, Lord, my heart
rejoices in the knowledge of my
4