Chapter-4

SET & RELATION

PRACTICE SHEET
1. Let A = {–1, 2, 5, 8}, B = {0, 1, 3, 6, 7} and R be the (b) R is symmetric and transitive
relation ‘is one less than’ from A to B, then how many (c) R is transitive but not reflexive
elements will R contain? (d) R is neither reflexive nor transitive
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 5 (d) 9 12. Let R be the relation defined on the set of natural number
N as aRb; bN, if a divides b. Then, which one of the
2. If n(A) = 115, n(B) = 326, n(A – B) = 47, then what is
following is correct?
n(A B) equal to?
(a) R is reflexive only (b) R is symmetric only
(a) 373 (b) 165
(c) R is transitive only (d) R is reflexive and transitive
(c) 370 (d) 394
13. Consider the following statements
3. If P(A) denotes the power set of A and A is the void set, I. {} (II) {}  
then what is number of elements in P{P{P{P(A)}}}? Which of the statements given above is/are Correct?
(a) 0 (b) 1 (a) I only (b) II only
(c) 4 (d) 16 (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
4. If Na = {ax | x  N}, then what is N12  N8 equal to? 14. Which one of the following is correct?
(a) A  P(A) = P (A) (b) A  P(A) = A
(a) N12 (b) N20 (c) A – P(A) = A (d) P(A) – {A} = P(A)
(c) N24 (d) N48
Here, P(A) denotes the power set of a set A.
5. If X = {(4n – 3n – 1) | n  N} and Y = {9(n – 1) | n  N}, 15. If A, B and C are three sets, such that A  B = A  C,
then X  Y equals to then which one of the following is correct?
(a) X (b) Y (a) A = B only (b) B = c only
(c) N (d) A null set (c) A = C only (d) A = B + C
6. Sets A and B have n element in common. How many 16. If A, B and C are three sets, then A – (B – C) equal
(a) A – (B  C) (b) (A – B)  C
elements will (A × B) and (B × A) have in common
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) (A – B)  (A  C) (d) (A – B)  (A – C)
(c) n (d) n2
17. If a set A contains 4 elements, then what is the number of
7. What is the number of proper subsets of a given finite set elements in A × P (A)?
with n elements? (a) 16 (b) 32
(a) 2n – 1 (b) 2n – 2 (c) 64 (d) 128
(c) 2n – 1 (d) 2n – 2
18. If A and B are two sets satisfying A – B = B – A, then
8. If A = {a, b, c} and R = {(a, a), (a, b), (b, b), (c, c), (c, a)} which one of the following is correct?
is a binary relation on A, then which one of the following (a) A =  (b) A  B = 
is correct? (c) A = B (d) None of these
(a) R is reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
19. For non – empty subsets A, B and C of a set X such that A
(b) R is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric
(c) R is reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive  B = B  C, which one of the following is the strongest
(d) R is reflexive symmetric and transitive inference that can be derived?
(a) A = B = C (b) A  B = C
9. If A, B and C are three finite sets, then [(A  B)  C]’ (c) A = B  C (d) A  B  C
equals to
(a) A’ B’  C’ (b) A’  B’  C’ 20. Let N be the set of integers. A relation R on N is defined
(c) A’  B’  C’ (d) A  B  C as R = {(x, y) | xy > 0, yN}. Then, which one of the
following is correct?
10. If A and B are subsets of a set X, then what is the value of (a) R is symmetric but not reflexive
{A  (X – B)}  B? (b) R is reflexive but not symmetric
(a) A  B (b) A  B (c) R is symmetric and reflexive but not transitive
(c) A (d) B (d) R is an equivalence relation
11. A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and R = {(1, 1), (1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 1), (3, 4), 21. If A and B are two disjoint sets, then which one of the
(4, 3), (4, 4)} is a relation on A × A, then which one of the following is correct?
following is correct? (a) A – B = A – (A  B)
(a) R is reflexive (b) B – A’ = B  A

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 (c) A  B = (A – B)  B (c)   A (d) {1, 2}  A
(d) All of these
25. Let N denote the set of natural numbers and A = {n2 : a 
22. If the cardinality of a set A is 4 and that of a set B is 3, N} and {n3 : n  N}. Which one of the following is
then what is the cardinality of the set AB? correct?
(a) 1 (a) A  B = N
(b) 5 (b) The complement of (A  B) is an infinite set
(c) 7 (c) A  B must be a finite set
(d) Cannot be determined as the sets A and B are not given. (d) A  B must be a proper subset of {m6 : m  N}
23. The order of a Set A is 3 and that of a set B is 2. What is 26. The relation R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1, 3)}
the number of relations from A to B? on a set A = {1, 2, 3} is
(a) 4 (b) 6 (a) Reflexive, transitive but not symmetric
(c) 32 (d) 64 (b) Reflexive, symmetric but not transitive
24. If A = P{1, 2}, where P denotes the power set, then which (c) Symmetric, transitive nut not reflexive
one of the following is correct? (d) Reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive
(a) {1, 2}  A (b) 1  A

ANSWER KEY
1. b 2. a 3. d 4. c 5. b 6. d 7. c 8. c 9. c 10. a
11. d 12. d 13. d 14. c 15. b 16. c 17. c 18. c 19. d 20. d
21. d 22. d 23. d 24. d 25. d 26. a

Solutions

Sol.1. (b) The total number of elements common in Sol.12. (d)

Given, A = {–1, 2, 5, 8} and B = {0, 1, 3, 6, (A × B) and (B × A) is n2 (by property) For reflexive
7} Sol.7. (c) aRa  a divides a
 R = {(–1, 0), (2, 3), (5, 6)} Total number of proper subsets of a finite  R is reflexive.
( A is one less than from B) set with n elements = 2n – 1. For symmetric
Sol.2. (a) Sol.8. (c) aRb  a divides b
Now, n(A – B) = n(A) – n(A  B)  (a, a), (b, b), (c, c) R bRa  b divides a
 47 = 115 – n(A  B)  R is a reflexive relation. which may not be possible.
 n(A  B) = 68 But (a, b) R and (b, a)  R,  R is not symmetric.
 n (A  B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A  B)  R is not a symmetric relation. For transitive
= 115 + 326 – 68 = 373 Also, (a, b), (b, c)  R aRb  a divides b  b = ka
Sol.3. (d)  (a, c)  R bRc  b divides c  c = b
The number of elements in power set of A  R is not a transitive relation. Now, c = ka
is 1. Sol.9. (c)  a divides c  aRc  aRb, bRc  cRa
[ P(A) = 20 = 1] We know that, Thus, R is transitive.
 P{P(A)} = 21 = 2 [(A  B)  C’]=(AB)’C’ = (A’  B’) Sol.13. (a)
 P{P{P(A)}} = 22 = 4  C’ Only statement 1 is correct.
 P{P{P{P(A)}}} = 24 = 16 = A’  B’  C’ (by De-Morgan’s law) Sol.14. (c)
Sol.4. (c) Sol.10. (a) A – P (A) = A
Given, Na = {ax | xN}  A  X and B  X Which is correct as A and P(A) are disjoint
 N12 = {12, 24, 36, 48, …….}  {(A  (X – B))}  B ( X – B = B’) sets.
and N8 = {8, 16, 24,…….} = (A  B’)  B = (A  B)  (B’  B) Sol.15. (b)
 N8  N12 = {24, 48, …….} = (A  B)  X = A  B  Given that, A  B = A  C
= N24 Sol.11. (d) and A  B = A  C
Sol.5. (b) Since, 3A Then, let A = {a, b}, B = {a, c}
X = {(4n – 3n – 1) | nN} But (3, 3)  A and C = {a, c}
and Y = {9 (n –1) | nN} So, it is not reflexive.  A  B = {a, b, c}, A  C = {a, b, c}
 X = {0, 9, 54, …….} and (3, 4) R and (4, 3)  R A  B = {a}, A  C = {a},
and Y = {0, 9, 18, 27, 36, 54,……} But (3, 3) R  For B = C
 X  Y = {0, 9, 18, 27, 36, 54, …..} = Y So, it is also not transitive AB=AC
Sol.6. (d) Hence, R is neither reflexive nor transitive. and A  B = A  C
Sol.16. (c)

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 A B From above strong inference is A  B  C.  Number of relations from A to B = 2[n(A)
× n(B)]
e.g., A = {a}, B = {a, b}, C = {a, b, c}
Sol.20. (d) = 2(3 × 2) = 26 = 64
 R = {(x, y) | xy > 0, x, y N} Sol.24. (d)
C Reflexive A = P({1, 2}) = {, {1}, {2}, {1, 2}}
 x, yN From above, it is clear that
In the above Venn diagram, shaded area {1, 2}  A
 x, xN  x2 > 0
shows A – (B – C). Sol.25. (d)
A B Symmetric
 x, yN  A = {n2 : nN} and B = {n3 : nN}
and xy > 0  yx > 0 A = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 49, 64, 81, …….}
 R is also symmetric. B = {1, 8, 27, 64, 125,……}
Transitive A  B = {1, 64, ….}
C  x,y, zN  xy > 0, yz > 0  xz > 0  A  B must be a proper subset of {m6 :
In the above Venn diagram, horizontal lines  R is also transitive. mN}
mean Sol.21. (d) Sol.26. (a)
(A – B) and vertical lines mean (A  C). AB=  R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3),
Total shaded portion = (A – B)  (A  C)  A – B = A – (A  B) ( A – B = A) (1, 3)}
 (A – B)  (A  C) = A – (B – C) Now, B – A’ =  Reflexive
Sol.17. (c) and B  A =   1R1, 2R2, 3R3
Since, the number of elements in set A is 4. or B – A’ = B  A  R is a reflexive relation.
 Number of elements in P(A) = 24 = 16. and (A – B)  B = A  B Symmetric
So, the number of elements in A × P (A) = Sol.22. (d)  1R2 but 2R1
4 × 16 = 64. Since, the sets A and B are not known, then  R is not a symmetric relation.
Sol.18. (c) cardinality of the set AB cannot be Transitive
 A and B are two sets satisfying A – B = determined.  1R2, 2R3  1R3
B – A, which is possible only, if A = B. Sol.23. (d)  R is a transitive relation.
Sol.19. (d)  n(A) = 3 and n (B) = 2 thus, R is an equivalence relation.
AB=BC

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 NDA PYQ
1. If A = {1, 2, 5, 6} and B = {1, 2, 3}, then what is (A × B)  8. How many students learn precisely two languages?
(B × A) equal to? (a) 55 (b) 40
(a) {(1, 1), (2, 1), (6, 1), (3, 2)} (c) 30 (d) 13
(b) {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2)} [NDA - 2011(1)]
(c) {(1, 1), (2, 2)} 9. How many students learn at least two languages?
(d) {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 5), (2, 6)} (a) 15 (b) 30
[NDA – 2011(1)] (c) 45 (d) 55
2. If A, B and C are non-empty sets such that A  C = , then [NDA - 2011(1)]
what is (A × B)  (C × B) equal to? 10. What is the total strength of the class?
(a) A × C (b) A × B (a) 124 (b) 100
(c) B × C (d)  (c) 96 (d) 66
[NDA - 2011(1)] [NDA - 2011(1)]
3. If A = {4n + 2| n is natural number} and B = {3n | n is a 11. How many students learn English and French?
natural number}, then what is (A  B) equal to? (a) 30 (b) 43
(a) {12n2 + 6n | n is a natural number} (c) 45 (d) 73
(b) {24 n – 12 | n is a natural number} [NDA - 2011(1)]
(c) {12n2 – 6n | n is a natural number} 12. How many students learn at least one language?
(d) {12n – 6 | n is a natural number} (a) 45 (b) 51
[NDA - 2011(1)] (c) 96 (d) None of these
4. Consider the following with regard to a relation R on a set of [NDA - 2011(1)]
real numbers defined by xRy if and only if 3x + 4y = 5 13. If  is a null set, then which one of the following is correct?

1 (a)  = 0 (b)  = {0}

2 3
I. 0R1 II. 1R III. R (c)  = {} (d)  = { }
2 3 4 [NDA - 2011(2)]
Which of the above are correct? 14. If A = {a, b, c}, then what is the number of proper subsets of
(a) I and II (b) I and III A?
(c) II and III (d) I, II and III (a) 5 (b) 6
[NDA - 2011(1)] (c) 7 (d) 8
5. Let M be the set of men and R is a relation ‘is son of defined [NDA - 2011(2)]
on M. Then, R is 15. If A and B are any two sets, then what is the value of A 
(a) An equivalence relation (A  B)?
(b) A symmetric relation only (a) Complement of A (b) Complement of B
(c) A transitive relation only (c) B (d) A
(d) None of the above [NDA-2012(1)]
[NDA - 2011(1)] 16. Let U = {x  N: 1  x  10} be the universal set, N being the
6. If P, Q, R are three non-collinear points, then what is PQ  set of natural numbers If A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {2, 3, 6,
PR equal to? 10}, then what is the complement of (A – B)?
(a) Null set (b) {P} (a) {6, 10} (b) {1, 4}
(c) {P, Q, R} (d) {Q, R} (c) {2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} (d) {5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
[NDA-2011(1)] [NDA-2012(1)]
7. What is the set of points (x, y) satisfying the equations x2 + 17. Let A = {x : x is a square of a natural number and x is less
y2 = 4 and x + y = 2? than 100} and B is set of even natural numbers. What is the
(a) {(2,0), (–2,0), (0,2)} cardinality of A  B?
(b) {(0,2), (0,–2)} (a) 4 (b) 5
(c) {(0,2), (2,0)} (c) 9 (d) None of these
(d) {(2,0), (–2,0), (0,2), (0,–2)} [NDA-2012(1)]
[NDA-2011(1)] 18. Out of 500 first year students, 260 passed in the first
Direction (for next five) semester and 210 passed in the second semester. If 170 did
The Students of a class are offered three language (Hindi, not pass in either semester, how many passed in both
English and French). 15 students learn all the three language semesters?
whereas 28 students do not learn any language. The number (a) 30 (b) 40
of students learning Hindi and English but not French is (c) 70 (d) 140
twice the number of students learning Hindi and French but [NDA-2012(1)]
not English. The number of students learning English and 19. If A and B are two non-empty sets having n elements in
French but not Hindi is thrice the number of students common, then what is the number of common elements in
learning Hindi and French but not English. 23 students learn the sets AB and BA?
only Hindi and 17 students learn only English. The total (a) n (b) n2
number of students learning French is 46 and the total (c) 2n (d) zero
number of students learning only French is 11. [NDA-2012(1)]

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20. If A={0,1} and B={1,0}, then what is AB equal to? Hindi and English, 8% know English and Sanskrit, 10%
(a) {(0,1), (1,0)} (b) {(0,0), (1,1)} know Hindi and Sanskrit and 5% know all the three
(c) {(0,1), (1,0), (1,1)} (d) A  A languages:
[NDA-2012(1)] 31. What is the number of people who do not know any of the
For the next Four (04) question that follow: above three languages?
In a city, three daily newspapers A, B, C are published, 42% (a) 3106 (b) 4106
7
read A; 51% read B; 68% read C; 30% read A and B; 28% (c) 310 (d) 4107
read B and C; 36% read A and C; 8% do not read any of the [NDA-2013(1)]
three newspapers. 32. What is the number of people who know Hindi only?
21. What is the percentage of persons who read all the three (a) 21106 (b) 25106
papers? (c) 2810 6 (d) 3107
(a) 20% (b) 25% [NDA-2013(1)]
(c) 30% (d) 40% 33. What is the number of people who know Sanskrit only?
[NDA-2012(1)] (a) 5105 (b) 45106
22. What is the percentage of persons who read only two (c) 4106 (d) none of the above
papers? [NDA-2013(1)]
(a) 19% (b) 31% 34. What is the number of people who know English only?
(c) 44% (d) none of the above (a) 5106 (b) 45106
[NDA-2012(1)] (c) 4106 (d) none of these
23. What is the percentage of persons who read only one paper? [NDA-2013(1)]
(a) 38% (b) 48% 35. What is the number of people who know only one language?
(c) 51% (d) none of the above
(a) 3106 (b) 4106
[NDA-2012(1)] 7
(c) 310 (d) 4107
24. What is the percentage of person who read only A but
[NDA-2013(1)]
neither B nor C?
36. What is the number of people who know only two
(a) 4% (b) 3%
languages?
(c) 1% (d) none of the above
(a) 11.25105 (b) 11.25106
[NDA-2012(1)]
25. The set A={x : x + 4 = 4} can also be represented by: (c) 1210 5 (d) 12.5 105
(a) 0 (b)  [NDA-2013(1)]
37. If A = {x,y}, B = {2,3}, C = {3,4}, then what is the number
(c) () (d) {0}
of elements in A(BC)?
[NDA-2012(1)]
26. The relation ‘has the same father as’ over the set of children (a) 2 (b) 4
is: (c) 6 (d) 8
(a) only reflexive (b) only symmetric [NDA-2013(1)]
(c) only transitive (d) an equivalence relation 38. If A is a relation on a set R, then which one of the following
is correct?
[NDA-2012(2)]
27. Let P={1,2,3} and a relation on set P is given by the set R= (a) RA (b) AR
{(1,2), (1,3), (2,1), (1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (2,3)}. Then R is: (c) A(RR) (d) R(AA)
(a) Reflexive, transitive but not symmetric [NDA-2013(1)]
(b) Symmetric, transitive but not reflexive 39. If A is a subset of B, then which one of the following is
(c) Symmetric, reflexive but not transitive correct?
(d) None of the above (a) AC  BC (b) BC  AC
[NDA-2012(2)]
C
(c) A = B C (d) A  A  B
28. If non-empty set A contains n elements, then its power set [NDA – 2013(2)]
contains how many elements? 40. If A = {1, 3, 5, 7}, then what is the cardinality of the power
(a) n2 (b) 2n set P(A)?
(c) 2n (d) n+1 (a) 8 (b) 15
[NDA-2012(2)] (c) 16 (d) 17
29. Let A={xW, the set of whole numbers and x<3}, B= [NDA – 2013(2)]
{xN, the set of natural numbers and 2  x < 4} and 41. Consider the following
C={3,4}, then how many elements will (AB)  C contain? I. A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C)
(a) 6 (b) 8 II. A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C)
(c) 10 (d) 12 Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
[NDA-2012(2)] (a) Only I (b) Only II
30. Which one of the following is a null set? (c) I and II (d) Neither I nor II
(a) {0} [NDA – 2013(2)]
(b) { { {} } } 42. In a group of 50 people, two tests were conducted, one for
(c) { {} } diabetes and one for blood pressure. 30 people were
(d) {x | x2 + 1 = 0, xR} diagnosed with diabetes and 40 people were diagnosed with
[NDA – 2013(1)] high blood pressure. What is the minimum number of people
Direction: For the next six (06) questions that follows: who were having diabetes and high blood pressure?
In a state with a population of 75  106, 45% of them know (a) 0 (b) 10
Hindi, 22% know English, 18% know Sanskrit, 12% know (c) 20 (d) 30

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 [NDA – 2013(2)] (b)the relation is symmetric but neither reflexive nor
43. Which one of the following is an example of non-empty set? transitive
(c)the relation is reflexive but neither symmetric nor
(a) Set of all even prime numbers transitive
(b) {x : x2 – 2 = 0 and x is rational} (d)none of the above
(c) {x : x is a natural number, x < 8 and simultaneously x [NDA-2014(1)]
> 12} 52. Let S denote set of all integers. Define a relation R on S as
(d) {x : x is a point common to any two parallel ‘aRb if ab  0 where a, bS’. Then R is:
lines} (a)Reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive relation
[NDA – 2013(2)] (b)Reflexive, symmetric but not transitive relation
44. If A={1,2}, B=(2,3) and C={3,4}, then what is the (c)An equivalence relation
cardinality of (AB)(AC)? (d)Symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive relation
(a) 8 (b) 6 [NDA-2014(1)]
(c) 2 (d) 1 53. The relation S is defined on the set of integers Z as xSy if
[NDA-2013(2)] integer x divides integer y. Then:
45. If A is a finite set having n elements, then the number of (a) S is an equivalence relation
relations which can be defined in A is: (b) S is only reflexive and symmetric
(a) 2n (b) n2 (c) S is only reflexive and transitive
(c) 2n
2
(d) nn (d) S is only symmetric and transitive
[NDA-2013(2)] [NDA-2014(2)]
46. The relation R in the set Z of integers given by R={(a, b): a– 54. A and B are two sets having 3 elements in common. If
b is divisible by 5} is: n(A)=5, n(B)=4, then what is n(AB) equal to?
(a) reflexive (a) 0 (b) 9
(b) reflexive but not symmetric (c) 15 (d) 20
(c) symmetric and transitive [NDA-2014(2)]
(d) an equivalence relation 55. In a class of 60 students, 45 students like music, 50 students
[NDA-2013(2)] like dancing, 5 students like neither. Then, the number of
47. Let A= {a, b, c, d} and B = {x, y, z}. What is the number of students in the class who like both music and dancing, is
elements in AB? (a) 35 (b) 40
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 50 (d) 55
(c) 12 (d) 64 [NDA – 2015(1)]
56. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}. Then, the number of
[NDA-2013(2)]
Direction (for next three): Read the following information subsets of A containing exactly two elements is
carefully to answer the questions that follow. (a) 20 (b) 40
In a survey of 25 students, it was found that 15 have taken (c) 45 (d) 90
Mathematics, 12 have taken Physics and 11 taken [NDA – 2015(1)]
Chemistry, 5 have taken Mathematics and Chemistry, 9 have 57. If A = {x : x is a multiple of 3} and B = {x : x is a multiple
taken Mathematics and Physics, 4 have taken Physics and of 4} and C = {x : x is a multiple of 12}, then which one of
Chemistry and 3 have taken all the three subjects. the following is null set?
48. The number of students who have taken only Physics, is (a) (A \ B)  C (b) (A \ B) \ C
(c) (A  B)  C (d) (A  B) \ C
(a) 2 (b) 3 [NDA 2015(1)]
(c) 5 (d) 6 58. Let X be the set of all persons living in a city. Persons x, y in
[NDA – 2014(1)] X are said to be related as x<y if y is at least 5 years older
49. The number of students who have taken only two subjects, is than x. Which one of the following is correct?
(a)the relation is an equivalence relation on X.
(a) 7 (b) 8 (b)the relation is transitive but neither reflexive nor
(c) 9 (d) 10 symmetric
[NDA – 2014(1)] (c)the relation is reflexive but neither transitive nor
50. Consider the following statements symmetric
I.The number of students who have taken only one subject is (d)the relation is symmetric but neither transitive nor
equal to the number of students who have taken only two reflexive
subjects. [NDA-2015(1)]
II.The number of students who have taken at least two 59. Let Z be the set of integers and aRb, where a, b Z if and
subjects is four times the number of students who have taken only if (a–b) is divisible by 5.
all the three subjects. Consider the following statements:
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct? 1.The relation R partitions Z into five equivalent classes.
(a) Only I (b) Only II 2.Any two equivalent classes are either equal or disjoint
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II Which of the above statements is/are correct?
[NDA – 2014(1)] (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
51. Let X be the set of all citizens of India. Elements x, y in X (c) both 1 and 2 (d) neither 1 nor 2
are said to be related if the difference of their age is 5 years. [NDA-2015(1)]
Which one of the following is correct? 60. Let A={x, y, z} and B={p, q, r, s}. What is the number of
(a)the relation is an equivalence relation of X. distinct relations from B to A?

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 (a) 4096 (b) 4094 69. A coin is tossed three times. Consider the following events:
(c) 128 (d) 126 A: No head appears
[NDA-2015(1)] B: Exactly one head appears
61. If A = {x  R : x2 + 6x – 7 < 0} and B = {x  R : x2 + C: At least two heads appear
9x + 14 > 0}, then which of the following is/are correct? Which one of the following is correct?
I. (A  B) = (–2, 1) (a) (A  B)  (A  C) = B  C
II. (A \ B) = (–7, –2) (b) (A  B’)  (A  C’) = B’  C’
Select the correct answer using the code given below. (c) A  (B’  C’) = A  B  C’
(d) A  (B’  C’) = B’  C’
(a) Only I (b) Only II [NDA – 2016(2)]
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II 70. Let R be a relation from A={1,2,3,4} to B={1,3,5} such that:
[NDA – 2015(2)] R=[(a,b): a<b, where aA and bB] what is RoR–1 equal to?
62. A, B, C and D are four sets such that A  B = C  D = . (a) {(1,3), (1,5), (2,3), (2,5), (3,5), (4,5)}
Consider the following (b) {(3,1), (5,1), (3,2), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4)}
I. A  C and B  D are always disjoint. (c) {(3,3), (3,5), (5,3), (5,5)}
II. A  C and B  D are always disjoint. (d) {(3,3), (3,4), (4,5)}
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct? [NDA-2016(2)]
(a) Only I (b) Only II 71. In an examination, 70% students passed in Physics, 80%
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II students passed in Chemistry, 75% students passed in
[NDA – 2015(2)] Mathematics and 85% students passed in Biology, and x%
63. Let X be the set of all persons living in Delhi. The person a students failed in all the four subject. What is the minimum
and b in X are said to be related if the difference in their ages value of x?
is at most 5 years. The relation is: (a) 10 (b) 12
(a) an equivalence relation (c) 15 (d) none of the above
(b) reflexive and transitive but not symmetric [NDA-2016(2)]
(c) symmetric and transitive but not reflexive 72. If S = {x : x2 + 1 = 0, x is real}, then S is:
(d) reflexive and symmetric but not transitive (a) {–1} (b) {0}
[NDA-2015(2)] (c) {1} (d) An empty set
64. Suppose there is a relation * between the positive numbers x [NDA – 2017(1)]
and y given by x*y if and only if x  y2. Then which one of 73. Let S be the set of all persons living in Delhi. We say that x,
the following is correct? y in S are related if they were born in Delhi on the same day.
(a) * is reflexive but not transitive and symmetric Which one of the following is correct?
(b) *is transitive but not reflexive and symmetric (a) The relation is an equivalent relation
(c) *is symmetric and reflexive but not transitive (b) The relation is not reflexive but it is symmetric and
(d) *is symmetric but not reflexive and transitive transitive
[NDA-2016(1)] (c) The relation is not symmetric but it is reflexive and
65. Let R be a relation on the set N of natural numbers defined transitive
by ‘nRm  n is a factor of m’. Then which one of the (d) The relation is not transitive but it is reflexive and
following is correct? symmetric
(a) R is reflexive, symmetric but not transitive [NDA – 2017(1)]
(b) R is transitive, symmetric but not reflexive 74. Consider the following in respect of sets A and B:
(c) R is reflexive, transitive but not symmetric 1. (A – B)  B = A
(d) R is an equivalence relation 2. (A – B)  A = A
[NDA-2016(1)] 3. (A – B)  B = 
66. What is the number of natural numbers less than or equal to 4. A  B  A  B = B
1000 which are neither divisible by 10 nor 15 nor 25? Which of the above are correct?
(a) 860 (b) 854 (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 840 (d) 824 (c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 4
[NDA-2016(1)] [NDA – 2017(1)]
p 75. If E is the universal set and A = B  C, then the set E – (E –
67. Let S be a set of all distinct numbers of the form , where p, (E – (E – (E – A)))) is same as the set:
q
(a) B’  C’ (b) B  C
q  (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). What is the cardinality of the ser S? (c) B’  C’ (d) B  C
(a) 21 (b) 23 [NDA – 2017(2)]
(c) 32 (d) 36 76. If A = {x : x is a multiple of 2}, B = {x : x is a multiple of 5}
[NDA – 2016(2)] and C = {x : x is a multiple of 10}, then A  {B  C} is
68. If A = {xR : x2 + 6x – 7 < 0} and B = {xR: x2 + 9x + 14 equal to:
> 0}, then which of the following is/are correct? (a) A
1. A  B = {xR: –2 < x < 1} (b) B
2. A\B = {xR: –7 < x < –2} (c) C
Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (d) {x : x is a multiple of 100}
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 [NDA – 2017(2)]
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 77. If we define a relation R on the set N > as (a, b) R (c, d)  a
[NDA – 2016(2)] + d = b + c for (a, b), (c, d)  N  N, then the relation

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 (a) symmetric only 86. What can be the maximum number of students in the school?
(b) symmetric and transitive only (a) 111 (b) 123
(c) equivalence relation (c) 125 (d) 135
(d) reflexive only [NDA (I) - 2019]
[NDA-2017(2)] 87. Suppose X = {1,2,3,4} and R is a relation on X. If R =
78. A survey of 850 students in a University yield that 680 {(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2),(2,1),(2,3), (3,2)}, then which one of
students like music and 215 like dance. What is the least the following is correct ?
number of student who like both music and dance? (a) R is reflexive and symmetric, but not transitive
(a) 40 (b) 45 (b) R is symmetric and transitive, but not reflexive
(c) 50 (d) 55 (c) R is reflexive and transitive, but not symmetric
[NDA-2018(1)] (d) R is neither reflexive butnor transitive,symmetric
Direction (for next two): [NDA (I) - 2019]
In a class, 54 students are good in Hindi only, 63 students 88. A relation R is defined on the set N of natural numbers as
are good in Mathematics only and 41 students are good in xRy  x2 - 4xy + 3y2 = 0. Then which one of the following
English only. There are 18 students who are good in both is correct?
Hindi and Mathematics. 10 students are good in all three (a) R is reflexive and symmetric, but not transitive
subjects. (b) R is symmetric and transitive, but not reflexive
79. What is the number of students who are good in either Hindi (c) R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive
or Mathematics but not in English? (d) R is reflexive, but neither symmetric nor transitive
(a) 99 (b) 107 [NDA (I) - 2019]
(c) 125 (d) 130 89. Consider the following statements for the non- empty sets A
[NDA (I) - 2018] and B:
80. What is the number of students who are good in Hindi and 1. (A  B)  ( A  B’)  ( A’  B) = A  B
Mathematics but not in English? 2. (A  ( A’  B’)) = A  B
(a)18 (b) 12 Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(c) 10 (d) 8 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
[NDA (I) - 2018] (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
81. Let A and B be subsets of X and C = (AB’)(A’B) [NDA (I) - 2019]
where A’ and B’ are complements of A and B respectively 90. Let X be a non-empty set and let A, be subsets of X.
in X. What is C equal to? Consider the following statements:
(a) (AB’)(AB’) (b) (A’B)(A’B) 1. A  C  (A  B)  (B  C),(A  B)  (C  B)
(c) (AB)(AB) (d) (A’B’)(A’B’) 2. (A  B)  (C  B) for all sets B  A  C
[NDA (I) - 2018] 3. (A  B)  (C  B) for all sets B  A  C
Direction for (for next two): Which of the following statements is/are correct?
A survey was conducted among 300 students. It was found (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
that 125 students like to play cricket, 145 students like to (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
play football and 90 students like to play tennis, 32 students [NDA (I) - 2019]
like to play exactly two games out of the three games. 91. If A = {,{, }}, then the power set of A is:
82. How many students like to play all three games? (a) {,{}, {}, {, }}
(a) 14 (b) 21 (b) {,{}, {{, }}, {,{, }}}
(c) 28 (d) 35
(c) {, {}, {, }, {, {, }}}
[NDA (II) - 2018
(d) {{}, {, }, {, {, }}}
83. How many students like to play exactly only one game?
[NDA-2019(1)]
(a)196 (b) 228
92. Let S = {2,4,6,............20}, what is the number of subsets
(c) 254 (d) 268
does S have ?
[NDA (II) - 2018
(a) 10 (b) 20
84. If A, B and C are subsets of a universal set, then which of
(c) 512 (d) 1024
the following is not correct?
[NDA (II) - 2019]
(a) A(BC) = (AB)  (AC)
93. If A, B and C are subsets of a given set, then which one of
(b) A’(AB) = (B’A)’ A the following is relations is not correct?
(c) A’(BC) = (C’B)’ A’ (a) A∪ (A∩B) = A∪B
(d) (AB)C = (AC)(BC) (b) A∩(A∪B) = A
Where A’ is complement of A (c) (A∩B)∪C = (A∪C)∩(B∪C)
[NDA (II) - 2018] (d) (A∪B)∩C = (A∩C)∪(B∩C)
Direction for (next two): [NDA (II) - 2019]
In a school, all the students play atleast one of the games - 94. If a set A contains 3 elements and another set B contains 6
chess, carrom and table tennis. 60 play chess, 50 play table elements, then what is the minimum number of elements that
tennis, 48 play carrom, 12 play chess and carrom, 15 play (A∪B) can have?
carrom and table tennis, 20 play table tennis and chess. (a) 3 (b) 6
85. What can be the minimum number of students in the school? (c) 8 (d) 9
[NDA (II) - 2019]
(a) 123 (b) 111 95. In a school, 50% students play cricket and 40% play
(c) 95 (d) 63 football. If 10% of students play both the games, then what
[NDA (I) - 2019] percent of students play neither cricket nor football?

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 (a) 10% (b) 15% (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 20% (d) 25% (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1,2 and 3
[NDA (II) - 2019] [NDA (I) 2021]
96. If A = {x: 0 ≤ x ≤ 2} and B = {y: y is a prime number}, then 104. Let R be a relation defined as xRy if and only if 2x + 3y =
what is A∩B equal to ? 20, where x,y∈N. How many elements of the form (x,y) are
(a) ∅ (b) {1} there in R ?
(c) {2} (d) {1,2} (a) 2 (b) 3
[NDA (II) - 2019] (c) 4 (d) 6
97. Consider the proper subsets of {1,2,3,4}. How many of these [NDA (I) 2021]
proper subsets are superset of the set {3}? 105. Consider the following statements in respect of sets:
(a) 5 (b) 6 1.The union over intersection of sets is distributive
(c) 7 (d) 8 2.The complement of union of two sets is equal to
[NDA 2020] intersection of their complements
Direction (For next three): 3.If the difference of two sets is equal to empty set, then the
Consider the following Venn diagram, where X, Y and Z are two sets must equal.
three sets. Let the number of elements in Z is denoted by (a)1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
n(Z) which is equal to 90. (c)1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
[NDA (II) 2021]
106. Consider three sets X, Y and Z having 6, 5 and 4 elements
respectively. All these 15 elements are distinct. Let S = (X –
Y)  Z. How many proper subsets does S have?
(a) 255 (b) 256
(c) 1023 (d) 1024
[NDA (II) 2021]
107. Suppose set A consists of first 250 natural numbers that are
multiples of 3 and set B consists of first 200 even natural
numbers. How many elements does A  B have?
(a) 324 (b) 364
98. If the number of elements in Y and Z are in the ratio 4:5, (c) 384 (d) 400
then what is the value of b? [NDA (II) 2021]
(a) 18 (b) 19 108. Consider all the subsets of the set A = {1,2,3,4}. How many
(c) 21 (d) 23 of them are superset of the set {4}?
[NDA 2020] (a) 6 (b) 7
99. What is the value of n(X) + n(Y)+n(Z) −n(X∩Y) −n(Y∩Z) (c) 8 (d) 9
−n(Z∩X)+ n(X∩Y∩Z)? [NDA (I) - 2022]
(a) a + b +43 (b) a + b + 63 109. Consider the following statements in respect of two non-
(c) a + b +96 (d) a + b +106 empty sets A and B?
[NDA 2020] 1.x (A  B)  x  A or x  B
100. If the number of elements belonging to neither X, nor Y, nor 2.x (A  B)  x  A and x  B
Z is equal to p, then what is the number of elements in the Which of the above statements is/are correct?
complement of X? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(a) p + b + 60 (b) p + b + 40 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) p + a + 60 (d) p + a + 40 [NDA (I) - 2022]
[NDA 2020] 110. Consider the following statements in respect of two non-
101. Let S = {1,2,3,....}. A relation R on S×S is defined by xRy if empty sets A and B:
logax > logay , when a = 1/2 , The relation is 1. A  B = A  B if A = B
(a) reflexive only 2. A  B =  if A = B
(b) symmetric only Which of the above statement is/are correct?
(c) transitive only (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(d) both symmetric and transitive (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
[NDA 2020] [NDA (I) - 2022]
102. Consider the following statements: 111. Consider the following statements in respect of the relation
1. A = {1,3,5} and B = {2,4,7} are equivalent sets. R in the set IN of natural numbers defined by xRy if x2–5xy
2. A = {1,5,9} and B = {1,5,5,9,9} are equal sets. + 4y2 = 0.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct? 1.R is reflexive
(a) Only I (b) Only II 2.R is symmetric
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II 3.R is transitive
[NDA (I) 2021] Which of the above statement is/are correct?
103. Consider the following statements: (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
1. The null set is a subset of every set. (c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
2. Every set is a subset of itself. [NDA (I) - 2022]
3. If a set has 10 elements, then its power set will have 1024 112. Consider the following statements in respect of any relation
elements. R on a set A:
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct? 1.If R is reflexive, then R–1 is also reflexive

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 2.If R is symmetric, then R–1 is also symmetric [NDA-2023 (2)]
3.If R is transitive, then R–1 is also transitive 121. Let A = [1,2,3, …..,20]. Define a relation R from A to A by
Which of the above statements are correct? R = [(x, y) : 4x – 3y = 1], where x, y  A. Which of the
(a)1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only following statements is/are correct?
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 1.The domain of R is {1,4,7,10,13,16}
[NDA (I) - 2022] 2.The range of R is {1,5,9,13,17}
113. If A = {{1, 2, 3}}, then how many elements are there in the 3.The range of R is equal to codomain or R
power set of A? Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) 4 (d) 8 (c) 1 and 2 (d) 2 and 3
[NDA (I) - 2022] [NDA-2023 (2)]
Consider the following for the next three (03) items that 122. Consider the following statements:
follow: 1. A = (A  B)  (A – B)
A university awarded medals in basket ball, football and 2. A  (B – A) = (A  B)
volleyball. Only x students (x < 6) got medal in all the three 3. B = (A  B) – (A – B)
sports and the medals went to a total of 15x students. It Which of the statements given above are correct?
awarded 5x medals in basketball, (4x + 15) medals in (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
football and (x + 25) medals in volleyball. (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
114. How many received medals in exactly two of the three [NDA-2023 (2)]
sports? 123. A set S contain (2n+1) elements. There are 4096 subsets of S
(a) 30 – 4x (b) 35 – 7x which contain at most n elements. What is n equal to?
(c) 40 – 7x (d) 45 – 5x (a) 5 (b) 6
[NDA 2022 (II)] (c) 7 (d) 8
115. How many received medals in at least two of three sports? [NDA-2023 (2)]
(a) 30–6x (b) 35–6x 124. Let R be a relation on the open interval (1, 1) and is given
(c) 40–5x (d) 40–6x by
[NDA 2022 (II)]
R   x, y  : x  y  2 . Then which one of the following is
116. How many received medals in exactly one of three sports?
(a) 21x–40 (b) 21x–35 correct?
(c) 20x–35 (d) 20x–25 (a) R is reflexive by neither symmetric nor transitive
[NDA 2022 (II)] (b) R is reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
117. Consider the following statements: (c) R is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric
1.The set of all irrational numbers between √2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 √5 is an (d) R is an equivalence relation
infinite set. [NDA-2024 (1)]
2.The set of all odd integers less than 100 is a finite set. 125. For any three non-empty sets A, B, C what is
Which of the following statements given above is/are (A  B)  {(A  B)  (B  A)  (A  B)} equal to?
correct? (a) Null set (b) A
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) B (d) (A  B)  (A  B)
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 [NDA-2024 (1)]
[NDA 2022 (II)] 126. Let P and Q be two non-void relations on a set A. Which of
118. Let R be a relation from N to N defined by R = {(x,y) : x, y the following statements are correct?
 N and x2 = y3}. Which of the following are not correct? I. P and Q are reflexive ⟹ P ∩ Q is reflexive.
1.(x,x)  R for all xN II. P and Q are symmetric ⟹ P ∩ Q is symmetric.
2.(x,y)  R (y, x)R III. P and Q are transitive ⟹ P ∩ Q is transitive.
3.(x,y)R and (y, z) R (x,z)R Select the answer using the code given below.
Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) I and II only (b) II and III only
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) I and III only (d) I, II and III
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 [NDA-2024 (2)]
[NDA 2022 (II)] 127. If A and B are two non-empty sets having 10 elements in
119. Consider the following: common, then how many elements do A × B and B × A have
in common ?
1.A B = A  C  B = C
(a) 10 (b) 20
2.A  B = A  C  B = C (c) 40 (d) 100
Which of the above is/are correct? [NDA-2024 (2)]
(a)1 only (b) 2 only 128. In a class of 240 students, 180 passed in English, 130 passed
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 in Hindi and 150 passed in Sanskrit. Further, 60 passed in
[NDA 2022 (II)] only one subject, 110 passed in only two subjects and 10
120. The Cartesian product A  A has 16 elements among which passed in none of the subjects. How many passed in all three
are (0,2) and (1, 3). Which of the following statements is/are subjects ?
correct? (a) 60 (b) 55
1.It is possible to determine set A (c) 40 (d) 35
2.A  A contains the element (3, 2) [NDA-2024 (2)]
Select the correct answer using the code given below: 129. Consider the following statements:
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only I. The set of all irrational numbers between √12 and √15 is
(c) both 1 and 2 (d) neither 1 nor 2 an infinite set.

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 II. The set of all odd integers less than 1000 is finite set. (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
Select the correct answer using the code given below ? [NDA-2024 (2)]
(a) I only (b) II only

ANSWER KEY

1. b 2. d 3. d 4. c 5. d 6. b 7. c 8. c 9. c 10. a
11. a 12. c 13. d 14. c 15. d 16. c 17. a 18. d 19. b 20. d
21. b 22 a 23. b 24. c 25. d 26. d 27. a 28. b 29. b 30. d
31. c 32. a 33. d 34. d 35. c 36. b 37. c 38. c 39. b 40. c
41. d 42. c 43. a 44. c 45. c 46. d 47. c 48. a 49. c 50. b
51. b 52. c 53. c 54. d 55. b 56. c 57. d 58. b 59. c 60. a
61. a 62. b 63. c 64. b 65. c 66. b 67. b 68. a 69. d 70. c
71. d 72. d 73. a 74. b 75. c 76. c 77. c 78. b 79. c 80. d
81. c 82. a 83. c 84. c 85. b 86. b 87. a 88. d 89. a 90. c
91. b 92. d 93. a 94. b 95. c 96. c 97. c 98. c 99. d 100. a
101. c 102. c 103. d 104. b 105. a 106. c 107. c 108. c 109. a 110. c
111. a 112. d 113. b 114. c 115. d 116. a 117. a 118. d 119. d 120. c
121. b 122. b 123. b 124. d 125. a 126. d 127. d 128. a 129. a

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 Solutions
Sol.1. (b) The number of students learning precisely two x = 25%
 A = {1, 2, 5, 6} and B = {1, 2, 3} languages Sol.22. (a)
 A × B = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, = x + 2x + 3x according to above solution
= 6x = 6 × 5 = 30 common in two sets
3), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3)
Sol.9. (c) a + x = 30% so a = 5%
And B × A = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), by above solution b + x = 36% so b = 11%
(2, 2), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 5), (3, 6)} The number of students learning at least two c + x = 28% so c = 3%
 (A × B)  (B × A) = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, languages a + b + c = 19%
2)} = x + 2x + 3x + 15 Sol.23. (b)
Sol.2. (d) = 6x + 15 = 30 + 15 = 45 according to above solution
 A, B and C are non–empty sets, such that A  Sol.10. (a) only A = 42 – 5 – 25 – 11 = 1
by above solution only B = 51 – 5 – 25 – 3 = 18
C = . The total strength of the class only C = 68 – 11 – 25 – 3 = 29
 (A × B)  (C × B) = (A  C) × B =  × B =  = 28 + 23 + 17 + 11 + x + 2x + 3x + 15 only one paper = 1 + 18 + 29 = 48%
Sol.3. (d) = 79 + 6x + 15 = 79 + 30 + 15 = 124 Sol.24. (c)
 A = {4n + 2; nN} Sol.11. (a) according to above solution
= {6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30,…..} by above solution only A = 42 – 5 – 25 – 11 = 1
and B = {3n : nN} The number of students learn English and French Sol.25. (d)
= {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24,……} = 15 + 3x = 15 + 15 = 30 x+4=4
 A  B = {6, 18, 30} Sol.12. (c) so x = 0
= {6 + (n – 1)12 | nN} by above solution A = {0}
= {12n – 6 | nN} The number of students learn atlest one of the Sol.26. (d)
Sol.4. (c) languages Given relation is x has the same father as y
Since, on the set of real numbers, R is a relation = 124 – 28 = 96 Reflexive : x has the same father as x
defined by xRy if and only if 3x + 4y = 5 for Sol.13. (d) Above statement is correct so relation is reflexive
which If  is a null set, then its other representation is Symmetric: if x has same father as y than y has
1 2 3 1 1 { }. i.e.,  = { }. same father as x, so relation is symmetric.
1R and R . i.e., 1R  3.1  4.  5, Sol.14. (c) Transitive: If x and y have same father , y and z
2 3 4 2 2 Given, A = {a, b, c} have same father, than x and z have same father,
and 2 R 3  3  2  3  4  5 Number o subsets of A = 2n = 23 = 8 so relation is transitive.
3 4 3 4 {where, n = number of elements in A, n = 3} Option(d) equivalence relation.
Hence, both the statements II and III are correct.  Proper subset of A = 2n – 1 = 8 – 1 = 7 Sol.27. (a)
Sol.5. (d) Sol.15. (d) (1,3) is given but (3,1) is not given, so relation is
 M = Set of men and R is a relation is son of A  (A  B) = A not symmetric.
defined on M. Sol.16. (c) Sol.28. (b)
Reflexive relation aRa. A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {2, 3, 6} Number of elements in power set is equal to
Since, a cannot be a son of a. A – B = {1, 4} number of subsets = 2n
Symmetric relation Complement of A – B from 1 to 10 is {2, 3, 5, 6, Sol.29. (b)
A = {0, 1, 2} , B = {2, 3} , C = {3,4}
aRa  bRa 7, 8, 9 ,10}
which is also not possible. Sol.17. (a) A  B = {0, 1, 2, 3}
Transitive relation aRb, aRc  cRa A = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81} Number of elements in (A  B) × C = 4 × 2 = 8
Which is not possible. B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, ……….} Sol.30. (d)
Sol.6. (b) A  B = {4, 16, 36, 64} so cardinality is 4 {x : x2 + 1 = 0 } is a null set for real numbers
On PQ line and PR line , only point P is Sol.18. (d) because x2 cannot be – 1 for real numbers.
common. n(AB) = n(A) + n(B) + n(AB) Sol.31. (c)
Sol.7. (c) 330 = 260 + 210 – x
by solving both equations x2 + y2 = 4 and x + y = x = 140
2 Sol.19. (b)
(0,2) and (2,0) are common points of circle and If A and B have n common elements than
straight line. common elements in A × B and B × A will be n2
Sol.8. (c) Sol.20. (d)
A = {0, 1} and B = {1, 0}
A × B = {(0,0), (1,0), (0,1), (1,1)} = A × A
Sol.21. (b)

by above venn diagram

People who do not know any language
= 40% of 7,50,00,000 = 3,00,00,000
Sol.32. (a)
by above venn diagram
People who know Hindi Only
= 28% of 7,50,00,000 = 2,10,00,000
Sol.33. (d)
by above venn diagram
In French circle n(ABC) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C)  n(AB) People who know Sanskrit Only
11 + x + 2x + 15 = 46 n(BC)  n(AC) + n(ABC) = 5% of 7,50,00,000 = 37,50,000
x=5  n(ABC) = 42 + 51 + 68 – 30 – 36 – 28 + x Sol.34. (d)
 92 = 67 + x

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by above venn diagram By above venn diagram number of students who 10  9
People who know English Only 10 C2 
have taken only physics = 2 2
= 7% of 7,50,00,000 = 52,50,000 Sol.49. (c) 90
Sol.35. (c) By above venn diagram number of students who   45
by above venn diagram 2
have taken only two subjects = 2 + 6 + 1 = 9 Sol.57. (d)
People who know only one language
= 40% of 7,50,00,000 = 3,00,00,000 Sol.50. (b) A = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, ………..}
Sol.36. (b) The number of students who have taken only one B = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20, ………..}
by above venn diagram subject =11 C = {12, 24, 36, 48, 60, ………}
People who know only two languages number of students who have taken only two A  B = {12, 24, 36, 48, 60, ………} = C
= 15% of 7,50,00,000 = 1,12,50,000 subjects = 9 So (A  B) – C = Null set = (A  B) \ C
Sol.37. (c) Statement I is wrong Sol.58. (b)
B = {2, 3} and C = {3, 4} The number of students who have taken at least Relation is “y is at least 5 years older than x”
two subjects = 12
(B  C) = {2, 3, 4| Reflexive: x cannot be 5 years older than x, so
number of students who have taken all the three relation is not reflexive.
A = {x, y}
subjects = 3 Symmetric: If y is at least 5 years older than x
Number of elements in A × (B  C) = 2 × 3 = 6
statement II is correct. than x is at least 5 years older than y, relation is
Sol.38. (c)
a relation A on a set of R is always subset of R × Sol.51. (b) not symmetric.
Relation is “difference of age of x and y is 5” Transitive: y is at least 5 years older than x , z is
R
Reflexive: difference of age of x and x is zero, at least 5 years older than y, than z is at least 5
Sol.39. (b)
that is not 5 years older than x, this statement is correct. so
A  B, than BC  AC
So relation is not reflexive. relation is transitive.
For example A = {1,2} is subset of B = {1, 2,3} Sol.59. (c)
Symmetric: If difference between age of x and y
but complement of A is super set of B R={(a, b): a–b is divisible by 5}
is 5 than difference between age of y and x is 5,
Sol.40. (c) Reflexive: a – a = 0 is divisible by 5, so relation
If a set have 4 elements than number of elements relation is symmetric.
Transitive: If difference between age of x and y is reflexive.
in power set = 24 = 16
Sol.41. (d) is 5, difference between age of y and z is 5, than Symmetric: If a – b is divisible by 5 than b – a is
A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C) difference between age of x and z will be 0 or 10, also divisible by 5, relation is symmetric.
A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C) so relation is not transitive. Transitive: If a – b is divisible by 5 and b – c is
So given both statements in question are wrong Sol.52. (c) divisible by 5, than a – c is also divisible by 5, so
Sol.42. (c) Relation is “ab  0” relation is transitive.
n(AB) = n(A) + n(B) + n(AB) Relation is equivalence.
Reflexive: a2  0 , so relation is reflexive
50 = 30 + 40 – x Both statements are correct.
x = 20 Symmetric: If ab  0 than ba  0, relation is
Sol.60. (a)
Sol.43. (a) symmetric.
n(A) = 3, n(B) = 4 than number of relations from
Set of all even prime number is not a Null set. Transitive: If ab  0 and bc  0 than ac  0, B to A
Because it contain one element 2. relation is transitive. = 212 = 4096
Sol.44. (c) Sol.53. (c) Sol.61. (a)
A = {1,2} , B = {2, 3} and C = {3, 4} Relation is “integer x divides integer y” We have,
A × B = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 2), (2,3)} Reflexive: integer x divides integer x, so relation A = {x  R : x2 + 6x – 7 < 0}
A × C = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2,4)}
is reflexive. = {x  R : (x + 7) (x – 1) < 0}
2 elements are common in A × B and A × C = {x  R : –7 < x < 1}
Sol.45. (c) Symmetric: If integer x divides integer y than
integer y does not divides integer x, relation is and B = {x  R : x2 + 9x + 14 > 0}
If A have n elements than number of relations
= {x  R : (x + 7) (x + 2) > 0}
from A to A = 2n×n not symmetric.
= {x  R : x < –7 and x > –2}
Sol.46. (d) Transitive: integer x divides integer y, integer y
R={(a, b): a–b is divisible by 5}  A  B = {x  R: –2 < x < 1}
divides integer z than integer x always divides = (–2, 1)
Reflexive: a – a = 0 is divisible by 5, so relation integer z, so relation is transitive. and (A \ B) = A – B
is reflexive. Sol.54. (d) = {x  R: –7 < x  –2}
Symmetric: If a – b is divisible by 5 than b – a is n(A) = 5, n(B) = 4 than n(A × B) = 20 = (–7, –2)
also divisible by 5, relation is symmetric. Sol.55. (b) Hence, only Statement I is correct.
Transitive: If a – b is divisible by 5 and b – c is Let the number of students in the class be x, who Sol.62. (b)
divisible by 5, than a – c is also divisible by 5, so like both music and dancing. Since, A  B =  and C  D = 
relation is transitive. 5  (A  B)  (C  D) = 
Option (d) relation is equivalence.  (A  C)  (B  D) = 
45-X X 50-X Hence, A  C and B  D may be or not disjoint.
Sol.47. (c)
See example given below.
n(A) = 4 , n(B) = 3 than n(A × B) = 12
Sol.48. (a) C
A

Music Dancing B D
 (45 – x) + x + (50 – x) + 5 = 60 Here, (A  C)  (B  D) = 
 100 – x = 60 But, (A  C)  (B  D)  
 x = 100 – 60 = 40 Hence, only Statement II is correct.
Sol.63. (c)
Sol.56. (c)
Required number of subsets of A containing Relation is “y is at most 5 years older than x”
exactly two elements Reflexive: x cannot be at most 5 years older than
x, so relation is not reflexive.

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Symmetric: If y is at most 5 years differ than x B = x < –7 or x > –2  A  (B  C) = {x : x is multiple of 2, 5 and
than x is also at most 5 years differ than y,  A  B = –2 < x < 1 = {xR: –2 < x < 1} 10}
relation is symmetric. A \B = –7 < x ≤ – 2 = {10, 20, 30, 40, ……} = C
Transitive: If y is at most 5 years differ than x, If = {x  R: –7 < x ≤ –2} Sol.77. (c)
z is at most 5 years differ than y, than z is at most Hence, only I is correct Relation is (a,b) R (c,d) = a + d = b + c
differ than x, this statement is always not correct. Sol.69. (d) Reflexive: (a,b) R (a,b) = a + b = b + a
For example x = 6 years , y is 9 years and z is 5 A = {HHH} Relation is reflexive.
years. B = {HTT, THT, TTH} Symmetric: (a,b) R (c,d) = a + d = b + c
so relation is transitive. C = {HHT, HTH, THH, HHH} Than (c,d) R (a,b) = c + b = d + a
Sol.64. (b) Option (d) Relation is symmetric.
A  (B’  C’) = A  (B  C)’ = A  {}’ = A Transitive: (a,b) R (c,d) = a + d = b + c ……(i)
Relation is “ x  y2 ” for x and y positive
U=A (c,d) R (e,f) = c + f = d + e ………..(ii)
numbers.
Reflexive: “ x  x2 ” but this expression is not And B’  C’ = (B  C)’ = A And we have to prove
Sol.70. (c) (a,b) R (e,f) = a + f = b + e
correct for 0 < x < 1. So relation is not reflexive.
R = {(1,3), (1,5), (2,3), (2,5), (3,5), (4,5)} And we can get this equation by adding (i) and
Symmetric: If x  y2 than we cannot say that y  (ii). Relation is transitive.
x2 , for example take x = 1 and y = 2, relation is R-1 = {(3,1), (5,1), (3,2), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4)}
RoR-1 = R(R-1) = R [{(3,1), (5,1), (3,2), (5,2), So relation is equivalence.
not symmetric. Sol.78. (b)
Transitive: If x  y2 and y  z2, than we can say x (5,3), (5,4)}]
= {(3,3), (3,5), (5,3), (5,5)} n(AB) = n(A) + n(B) + n(AB)
 z2 , so relation is transitive for positive 850 = 680 + 215 – x
Sol.71. (d)
numbers. x = 45
Maximum students can fail in all subjects is 15%
Sol.65. (c) Sol.79. (c)
and minimum is 0%
Relation is “ n is a factor of m”.
Sol.72. (d)
Reflexive: n is a factor of n , each natural
S = {x : x2 + 1 = 0, x is real}
number is a factor of itself. So relation is
reflexive. x2 + 1 = 0  x2 = –1  x  1, which is not
Symmetric: If n is a factor of m than we can not real.
say that m is a factor of m. for example take n =  S =  or any empty set.
2 and m = 4. Relation is not symmetric. Sol.73. (a)
Transitive: If n is a factor of m and m is a factor S = {All persons living in Delhi}
of k, than n is always a factor of k. for example Let x, y, z  S such that x R y : x and y are born
take n = 2, m = 4, k = 8. Relation is transitive. on the same day.
Sol.66. (b) Clearly, x R x is a reflexive relation.
Divisible by 10 = n(A) = 100 x R y  y R x, so it is symmetric relation. Good in either Hindi or mathematics = 54 + 8 +
Divisible by 15 = n(B) = 66 If x R y and y R z  x R z satisfies, so it is 63 = 125
Divisible by 25 = n(C) = 40 transitive relation. Sol.80. (d)
Divisible by both 10 and 15 = Divisible by 30 =  The relation is an equivalent relation. By above Venn diagram.
n(A  B) = 33 Sol.74. (b) Good in Hindi and mathematics but not in
Divisible by both 15 and 25 = Divisible by 75 = A B English = 8
n(B  C) = 13 Sol.81. (c)
Divisible by both 10 and 25 = Divisible by 50 = (A’  B)  (A  B’) = A  B = (AB) – (AB)
n(A  C) = 20 Sol.82. (a)
Divisible by 10, 15 and 25 = Divisible by 150 = Let x students like to play all three games
n(A  B  C) = 6 (A - B) n(ABC) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C)  n(AB)
Divisible by at least one out of 10, 15, 25 is n(A n(BC)  n(AC) + n(ABC)
 B  C) B A 300 = 125 +145 + 90  [n(AB)n(ABC)
n(ABC) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C)  n(AB) +n(BC)  n(ABC) + (AC)n(ABC)]
n(BC)  n(AC) + n(ABC) + n (ABC).
n(ABC) = 100 + 66 + 40 – 33 – 13 – 20 + 6 = 1. (A – B)  B = A  B 300(360 – 32 +2x)
146 So, 1 is incorrect  2x = 28
neither divisible by 10 nor 15 nor 25 = 1000 – 2. (A – B)  A = A  x = 14
146 = 854. So, 2 is correct. Sol.83. (c)
Sol.67. (b)
3. (A – B)  B =  Exactly one game = 300 – 32 – 14 = 254
We have, Sol.84. (c)
So, 3 is correct.
S = set of all distinct numbers of the form p/q
4. A  B  A  B = B  A’(BC)≠(C’B)’A’
where p, q  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Sol.85. (b)
So, 4 is correct.
when, p = 1, q  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Sol.75. (c)  n(ABC) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C)  n(AB)
p = 2, q  {1, 3, 5} E – (E – (E – ( E – A)))) n(BC)  n(AC) + n(ABC)
p = 3, q  {1, 2, 4, 5} = E – (E – (E – (E – A’)))  n(ABC) = 60 + 50 + 48 - 12 - 15 - 20 +
p = 4, q  {1, 3, 5} = E – (E – (E – A)) n(ABC)
p = 5, p  {1, 2, 3, 4, 6} = E – (E – A’) = E – A  n(ABC) = 111 + n(ABC)
p = 6, q  {1, 5} = A’ = (B  C)’ = B’  C’ minimum number of students = 111
 Total number of elements Sol.76. (c) Sol.86. (b)
= 6 + 3 + 4 + 3 + 5 + 2 = 23 A = {x : x is a multiple of 2} maximum number of students = 123
Sol.68. (a) = {2, 4, 6, 8, …….} because maximum value of n(ABC) may be
Given, A = {x  R : x2 + 6x – 7 < 0} B = {x : x is a multiple of 5} 12.
and B = {x  R: x2 + 9x + 14 > 0} = {5, 10, 15, 20, …….} Sol.87. (a)
 A = {x  R: (x + 7) (x – 1) < 0} C = {x : x is a multiple of 10} Relation is reflexive because {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3)}
 A = –7 < x < 1 = {10, 20, 30, 40, …..} Relation is symmetric because {(1,2), (2,1),
and B = {x  R: (x + 2) (x + 7) > 0} (2,3), (3,2)}

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Relation is not transitive because (1,3) is not Sol.99. (d) because if x (A  B) than x may belongs
there. n(X) + n(Y) + n(Z) − n(X∩Y) − n(Y∩Z) − to any one set A or B
Sol.88. (d) n(Z∩X) + n(X∩Y∩Z) = n(XYZ) = elements Sol.110. (c)
for reflexive xRx = x2 - 4xx + 3x2 = 0 in at least one circle in above Venn diagram 1. A  B = A  B if A = B
xRx = 0 = 0 relation is reflexive = a + 16 + 18 + 12 + b + 17 + c 2. A  B =  if A = B
for symmetric xRy = x2 - 4xy + 3y2 = 0 = a + b + c + 63 = a + b + 43 + 63 = a + b + 106 Both above statements are correct.
= (x - y)(x - 3y)=0 Sol.100. (a) Sol.111. (a)
= x = y or x = 3y given By above Venn diagram for reflexive xRx = x2 - 5xx + 4x2 = 0
yRx = y2 - 4xy + 3x2 = (x - y)(y - 3x) Complement of X = b + 17 + c + p xRx = 0 = 0 relation is reflexive
it will be zero if x = y but this result is not = b + 17 + 43 + p = p + b + 60 for symmetric xRy = x2 - 5xy + 4y2 = 0
confirmed, relation is not symmetric with same Sol.101. (c) = (x - y)(x - 4y) = 0
reason relation is not transitive. Loga x > Loga x, = x = y or x = 4y given
Sol.89. (a) Above expression is wrong so relation is not yRx = y2 - 5xy + 4x2 = (x - y)(y - 4x)
1. (A  B)  ( A  B’)  ( A’  B) = A  B reflexive. it will be zero if x = y but this result is not
2. (A  ( A’  B’)) = (A  A’ )  (A  B’) If Loga x > Loga y than Loga y > Loga x is not confirmed relation is not symmetric with same
= U  (A  B’) = (A  B’) possible so relation is not symmetric. reason relation is not transitive.
Only statement 1 is correct. If Loga x > Loga y and Loga y > Loga z than Loga Sol.112. (d)
Sol.90. (c) x > Loga z, so relation is transitive. If R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive than R-
For below condition statement 2 is wrong Sol.102. (c) 1
is also reflexive, symmetric and transitive
n(A) = n(B) in statement 1 so A and B are respectively.
equivalent sets. Sol.113. (b)
A = B in statement 2 so A and B are equal sets. There is only one element in A so number of
Both statements are correct. elements in power set of A = 21 = 2
Sol.103. (d) Sol.114. (c)
1. The null set is a subset of every set.
2. Every set is a subset of itself.
3. If a set have 10 elements than number of
Sol.91. (b) elements in power set of A = 210 = 1024.
If A = {,{, }}, then the power set of A = All three statements are correct.
Sol.104. (b)
{,{}, {{, }}, {,{, }}} 2x + 3y = 20
Sol.92. (d) Three Pairs of (x, y) satisfying above equation
number of subset = 2n are (1,6), (4,4), (7,2) where x, y are natural
in set S there is 10 elements numbers n(ABC) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C)  n(AB)
number of subset = 210 = 1024 Sol.105. (a)
Sol.93. (a) n(BC)  n(AC) + n(ABC)
1. statement 1 is distributive property. 15x = 5x + (4x + 15) + (x + 25) – (a + x) – (b +
A∪ (A∩B) = A 2. statement 2 is De Morgan law.
Option (a) is not correct. x) – (c + x) + x
3. statement 3 is wrong because if A is subset of a + b + c = 40 – 7x
Sol.94. (b) B than A – B can also be Null set, its not
If a set A have 3 elements and set B have 6 Sol.115. (d)
necessary that A = B medals received in at least two games
elements than minimum number of elements in So only statement 1 and 2 is correct. = a + b + c + x = 40 – 6x
AB will be 6 when 3 elements are common in Sol.106. (c) Sol.116. (a)
A and B. logax > logay , when a = 1/2 Medal received in exactly one = 15x – (40 – 6x)
Sol.95. (c) then a < b = 21x – 40
n(AB) = n(A) + n(B) – n(AB) and this relation is not reflexive , not symmetric. Sol.117. (a)
= 50 + 40 – 10 = 80% play at least one game n(y) = 5 1. There are always infinite rational and
So 20% play neither cricket nor football. n(z) = 4 irrational numbers between any two real
Sol.96. (c) n(x–y) = 6 numbers.
A = {0, 1, 2} n(s) = n ((x–y)  z) 2. Odd integers less than 100 are 99, 97, 95, 93,
B = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, ……} n (s) = 10 …………5, 3, 1, –1, –3, –5, ………. , this is also
AB = {2} number of proper subsets=210 –1=1023 an infinite set.
Sol.97. (c) Sol.107. (c) Only statement 1 is correct.
There is 15 proper subsets of {1, 2, 3, 4} out of A = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, ……..747, 750} Sol.118. (d)
these 15 superset of {3} are {3}, {1,3}, {2,3}, B = {2, 4, 6, 8, ………..398, 400} Relation between and y is x2 = y3
{4,3}, {2,3,4}, {1,3,4}, {1,2,3} that is 7. AB = common numbers of A and B divisible Reflexive: x2 = x3 is only possible for x = 1. So
Sol.98. (c) by 6 relation is not reflexive.
n(AB) = 66 Symmetric: If x2 = y3 than we cannot say that y2
n(AB) = n(A) + n(B) – n(AB) = x3. So relation is not symmetric.
= 250 + 200 – 66 = 384 Transitive: If x2 = y3 and y2 = z3 than x2 = z9/2. So
Sol.108. (c) relation is not transitive.
There are 16 subsets of {1, 2, 3, 4} out of these All three statements are incorrect.
16 subsets, superset of {4} are {4}, {1,4}, {2,4}, Sol.119. (d)
{3,4}, {1,2,4}, {1,3,4}, {2,3,4} and {1,2,3,4}. 1. A  B = A  C ⟹ B = C
Sol.109. (d) above statement 1 is incorrect.
1. x (A  B)  x  A or x  B Take A = {1,2}, B = {2,3} and C = {2,4}
Above statement is wrong
Y:Z=4:5 2.A  B = A  C ⟹ B = C
If Z = 90 than Y = 72 because if x (A B)  x  A and x  B above statement 2 is incorrect.
16 + 17 + 18 + b = 72 2. x (A  B)  x  A and x  B Take A = {1,2,3}, B = {2,3} and C = {2,4}
Than b = 21 Above statement is wrong Both statements are wrong.
And 12 + 18 + 17 + c = 90, than c = 43 Sol.120. (c)

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If A × A have 16 elements , i.e. A have 4 22n + 1 – 1 = 4096 = 212 If A and B are two non-empty sets having 10
elements {1, 2, 3, 4}. 2n = 12 elements in common, then number of common
Both statements are correct. n=6 elements in A × B and B × A = 102 = 100
Sol.121. (b) Sol.124. (d) Sol.128. (a)
R = {(1,1), (4,5), (7,9), (10,13), (13,17)} Relation is |x + y| < 2 for – 1 < x, y < 1 n(ABC) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C)  n(AB)
Domain = {1,4,7,10,13} Reflexive: | x + x| < 2 n(BC)  n(AC) + n(ABC)
Range = {1,5,9,13,17} |2x| < 2
230 = 180 +130 + 150  [n(AB)n(ABC)
Codomain = {1, 2, 3, …….20} |x| < 1, relation is reflexive.
Only 2nd statement is correct. Symmetric: |x + y| < 2, than |y + x| < 2 . relation +n(BC)  n(ABC) + (AC)n(ABC)]
Sol.122. (b) is symmetric. + n (ABC).
(A  B)  (A – B) = (A  B) Transitive: |x + y| < 2, |y + z| < 2 than we cannot 230 = 180 +130 + 150 – 110  2n(ABC).
Statement 1 is incorrect. say that |x + z| < 2 but for – 1 < x, y < 1 , |x + z| < 2n(ABC) = 120
Sol.123. (b) 2 is correct. Relation is transitive.
n(ABC) = 60
Number of elements in set S = 2n + 1 Answer is equivalence relation.
Sol.129. (a)
Total subsets of S are 22n + 1 Sol.125. (a)
1. There are always infinite rational and
Subsets containing 0 elements are 2n+1C0 (A  B)  {(A  B)  (B  A)  (A  B)} irrational numbers between any two real
Subsets containing 1 elements are 2n+1C1 (A  B)  (A  B) = Null set. numbers.
Subsets containing 2 elements are 2n+1C2 Sol.126. (d) 2. Odd integers less than 1000 are 999, 997, 995,
…………………….. I. P and Q are reflexive ⟹ P ∩ Q is reflexive. 993, …………5, 3, 1, –1, –3, –5, ………. , this is
Subsets containing n elements are 2n+1Cn II. P and Q are symmetric ⟹ P ∩ Q is also an infinite set.
Given that symmetric.
2n+1
C0 + 2n+1C1 +2n+1C2 + …… +2n+1Cn = 4096
[ sum of complete combination series is 2n and III. P and Q are transitive ⟹ P ∩ Q is transitive.
sum of half combination series is 2n – 1 , but in All above statements are correct.
this question number of elements are 2n + 1] Sol.127. (d)

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