1. What is the primary purpose of a business model?

A) To outline marketing strategies

B) To describe how a company creates, delivers, and captures value

C) To define operational procedures

D) To secure funding

Answer: B) To describe how a company creates, delivers, and captures value

2. Which of the following is a key component of a lean startup methodology?

A) Comprehensive business plans

B) Market validation through customer feedback

C) High initial investments

D) Long product development cycles

Answer: B) Market validation through customer feedback

3. If a startup has fixed costs of $30,000 and variable costs of $10 per unit, what is the break-even point
if the product sells for $25 per unit?

A) 1,000 units

B) 1,500 units

C) 2,000 units

D) 3,000 units

Answer: B) 1,500 units (Break-even = Fixed Costs / (Selling Price - Variable Cost) = 30,000 / (25 - 10))

▎Introduction to Management

4. Which of the following is NOT considered a managerial role according to Mintzberg?

A) Interpersonal

B) Informational

C) Technical
 D) Decisional

Answer: C) Technical

5. In which management function does setting objectives and determining a course of action occur?

A) Organizing

B) Planning

C) Leading

D) Controlling

Answer: B) Planning

6. If a manager has 100 employees and wants to maintain a span of control of 5, how many managers
are needed?

A) 15

B) 20

C) 25

D) 30

Answer: B) 20 (100 employees / 5 span of control)

▎Organization Theory

7. Which organizational structure is characterized by a flat hierarchy and decentralized decision-making?

A) Functional Structure

B) Divisional Structure

C) Matrix Structure

D) Network Structure

Answer: D) Network Structure

A) The importance of formal structures

B) The relationship between structure and environment

C) The role of leadership styles

D) The influence of organizational culture

Answer: B) The relationship between structure and environment

9. In an organization with a mechanistic structure, which of the following is likely to be true?

A) High flexibility and adaptability

B) Clear hierarchy and rigid procedures

C) High levels of employee autonomy

D) Emphasis on teamwork and collaboration

Answer: B) Clear hierarchy and rigid procedures

▎Computer Applications in Management

10. Which software is primarily used for data analysis and visualization in management?

A) Word Processor

B) Database Management System

C) Spreadsheet Software

D) Presentation Software

Answer: C) Spreadsheet Software

11. What does ERP stand for in the context of business applications?
 A) Enterprise Resource Planning

B) External Resource Planning

C) Enterprise Risk Planning

D) External Resource Processing

Answer: A) Enterprise Resource Planning

12. If a company has a database with 1,000 records and needs to retrieve records based on specific
criteria, which SQL command would be used?

A) UPDATE

B) SELECT

C) INSERT

D) DELETE

Answer: B) SELECT

▎Administrative Business Communication

13. What is the primary goal of effective business communication?

A) To impress colleagues with vocabulary

B) To convey information clearly and concisely

C) To maintain a formal tone at all times

D) To avoid conflict in discussions

Answer: B) To convey information clearly and concisely

14. Which type of communication involves face-to-face interactions?

A) Verbal Communication
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B) Non-verbal Communication

C) Written Communication

D) Digital Communication

Answer: A) Verbal Communication

15. If an employee sends an email to their manager with a subject line "Urgent", what type of
communication style are they using?

A) Passive

B) Assertive

C) Aggressive

D) Submissive

Answer: B) Assertive

▎Statistics for Management I

16. What is the median of the following data set: 3, 7, 9, 12, 15?

A) 7

B) 9

C) 10

D) 12

Answer: B) 9

17. If the mean of a dataset is 20 and there are five values, what is the total sum of those values?

A) 80

B) 100
 C) 120

D) 140

Answer: A) 100 (Mean = Sum / Number of Values → Sum = Mean × Number of Values)

18. The standard deviation of a dataset is calculated as 5. What is the variance?

A) 10

B) 15

C) 25

D) 30

Answer: C) 25 (Variance = Standard Deviation²)

▎Mathematics for Management

19. If a product costs $50 and is sold at a price of $75, what is the markup percentage?

A) 33%

B) 50%

C) 60%

D) 75%

Answer: B) 50% (Markup Percentage = (Selling Price - Cost Price)/Cost Price × 100)

20. A company wants to invest $10,000 at an interest rate of 6% compounded annually for 4 years. What
will be the future value? (Use FV = PV(1 + r)^n)

A) $12,000

B) $12,743.89

C) $13,000

D) $14,000
 Answer: B) $12,743.89 (FV = 10,000(1 + 0.06)^4)

21. If a manager needs to allocate $120,000 across three projects in the ratio of 2:3:5, how much will be
allocated to the second project?

A) $30,000

B) $36,000

C) $40,000

D) $60,000

Answer: B) $36,000 (Total parts = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10; Second project = (3/10)*120,000)

▎Principle of Marketing

22. Which of the following is NOT one of the four Ps of marketing?

A) Product

B) Price

C) Promotion

D) People

Answer: D) People

23. What does SWOT analysis stand for in marketing?

A) Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats

B) Strategies, Weaknesses, Objectives, Targets

C) Strengths, Weaknesses, Options, Trends

D) Strategies, Wealth, Objectives, Tactics

Answer: A) Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats

A) $50

B) $100

C) $150

D) $200

Answer: A) $50 (Contribution Margin = Selling Price - Variable Cost)

▎Statistics for Management II

25. In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation
from the mean?

A) 50%

B) 68%

C) 75%

D) 95%

Answer: B) 68%

26. What type of statistical test would you use to compare means from two different groups?

A) ANOVA

B) T-test

C) Chi-square test

D) Regression analysis

Answer: B) T-test

27. A researcher finds that there is a correlation coefficient of -0.85 between two variables. What does
this imply?
 A) Strong positive relationship

B) Strong negative relationship

C) Weak relationship

D) No relationship

Answer: B) Strong negative relationship

▎Organizational Behavior

28. Which theory suggests that employees are motivated by hygiene factors and motivators?

A) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

B) Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

C) McGregor's Theory X and Y

D) Adams' Equity Theory

Answer: B) Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

29. What type of team is formed to address specific issues or problems within an organization?

A) Functional Team

B) Cross-Functional Team

C) Task Force Team

D) Self-Managed Team

Answer: C) Task Force Team

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30. If an employee feels undervalued compared to their peers performing similar tasks, which theory
explains their dissatisfaction?

A) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

C) Adams' Equity Theory

D) Vroom's Expectancy Theory

Answer: C) Adams' Equity Theory

▎Materials Management

31. Which inventory management technique involves ordering inventory just before it is needed for
production?

A) Just-in-Time (JIT)

B) Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)

C ) ABC Analysis

D ) Safety Stock

Answer: A ) Just-in-Time (JIT)

32. What is the primary goal of materials management?

A ) Maximize inventory levels

B ) Minimize costs while ensuring timely delivery

C ) Reduce supplier relationships

D ) Increase production speed

Answer: B ) Minimize costs while ensuring timely delivery

33. If a company has an average inventory cost of $20,000 and an annual turnover rate of 5 times, what
is its cost of goods sold (COGS)?

A ) $80,000

B ) $100,000
 C ) $120,000

D ) $150,000

Answer: A ) $100,000 (COGS = Average Inventory × Turnover Rate)

▎Human Resource Management

34. Which process involves evaluating employee performance against established standards?

A ) Recruitment

B ) Performance Appraisal

C ) Training

D ) Compensation

Answer: B ) Performance Appraisal

35. What is the primary purpose of job analysis in HRM?

A ) To determine salary levels

B ) To identify training needs

C ) To define job responsibilities and requirements

D ) To assess employee satisfaction

Answer: C ) To define job responsibilities and requirements

36. If an organization has a turnover rate of 10% and employs 200 people, how many employees leave
the organization in a year?

A ) 10

B ) 20

C ) 30

D ) 40
 Answer: B ) 20 (Turnover = Total Employees × Turnover Rate)

▎International Marketing

37. Which term refers to adapting marketing strategies to different countries and cultures?

A ) Globalization

B ) Standardization

C ) Localization

D ) Diversification

Answer: C ) Localization

38. What does the term "tariff" refer to in international trade?

A ) Tax on imports or exports

B ) Quota on goods

C ) Trade agreement

D ) Currency exchange rate

Answer: A ) Tax on imports or exports

39. If a company exports goods worth $500,000 but imports goods worth $300,000 in a year, what is its
trade balance?

A ) -$200,000

B ) $200,000

C ) $300,000

D ) $800,000

Answer: B ) $200,000 (Trade Balance = Exports - Imports)

40. What does MIS stand for in management context?

A ) Management Integration System

B ) Management Information System

C ) Management Internet System

D ) Management Interactive System

Answer: B ) Management Information System

41. Which component of MIS involves hardware and software used to collect data?

A ) Data Management

B ) Information Processing

C ) Data Collection System

D ) User Interface

Answer: C ) Data Collection System

42. If an organization uses software that analyzes customer data to forecast sales trends, which type of
system is being used?

A ) Transaction Processing System

B ) Decision Support System

C ) Executive Information System

D ) Office Automation System

Answer: B ) Decision Support System

▎Econometrics for Management

A ) Theoretical models without data analysis

B ) Statistical methods applied to economic data

C ) Qualitative research methods only

D ) Historical economic events analysis only

Answer: B ) Statistical methods applied to economic data

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44. In regression analysis, what does R-squared indicate?

A ) The strength of correlation between variables

B ) The number of observations in the dataset

C ) The proportion of variance explained by the model

D ) The slope of the regression line

Answer: C ) The proportion of variance explained by the model

45. If a regression equation is Y = 2X + 3 and X = 4, what is the value of Y?

A)8

B ) 10

C ) 11

D ) 14

Answer: C ) 11 (Y = 2(4)+3)

▎Leadership Change Management

46. Which leadership style is characterized by making decisions unilaterally without much input from
team members?
 A ) Democratic

B ) Autocratic

C ) Laissez-faire

D ) Transformational

Answer: B ) Autocratic

47. What is the primary focus during the change management process?

A ) Maintaining existing processes

B ) Managing resistance to change

C ) Increasing employee workload

D ) Reducing communication

Answer: B ) Managing resistance to change

48. If an organization implements change but fails to communicate effectively with employees, what is
likely to happen?

A ) Increased employee satisfaction

B ) Smooth transition

C ) Resistance to change

D ) Enhanced productivity

Answer: C ) Resistance to change

▎Business Research Methods

49. What type of research design involves collecting qualitative data through interviews or focus groups?

A ) Experimental Research

B ) Descriptive Research
 C ) Exploratory Research

D ) Correlational Research

Answer: C ) Exploratory Research

50. In hypothesis testing, what does a p-value less than 0.05 typically indicate?

A ) No significant difference

B ) Significant difference

C ) Data inconsistency

D ) Sample size too small

Answer: B ) Significant difference

These questions cover various concepts across multiple management courses and include both
theoretical understanding as well as calculation-based queries.