Unit 10: People & Society

I.TOPIC VOCABULARY
Topic Vietnamese
Vocabulary
1.Relationship The way in which two or more people or things are connected, or the
state of being connected. It can refer to a romantic or familial bond, or
simply how different things interact (Mối quan hệ)
- Her relationship with her parents is very strong
- There is a direct relationship between exercise and good health.

2. Connection A link or association between two or more things. It can be a physical

link, a conceptual link, or a personal bond. Often used interchangeably
with "relationship" but can also refer to a less personal link. (Sự kết nối,
mối liên hệ, mối giao thiệp)
- Is there a bus connection to the airport?
- She felt an immediate connection with the new team member.
3. Blame To attribute responsibility for a fault or wrong. It means to hold
someone or something accountable for something negative that has
happened (Đổ lỗi, khiển trách, quy trách nhiệm)
- Don't blame him for the mistake; it wasn't his fault.
- The government received a lot of blame for the economic crisis

4. Fault Responsibility for an accident or misfortune. It refers to a mistake or

error, or the state of being responsible for something negative.( Lỗi, sai
lầm; khuyết điểm; sự chịu trách nhiệm)
- It was my fault that we were late.
- The car has a minor electrical fault.
5. Old Having lived or existed for a long time; not new or young. It describes
age or a state of being not modern or fresh.
6. Ancient Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence. It implies
something that is extremely old, often related to historical periods (Cổ
đại, xưa)
- The pyramids are ancient wonders of the world
- She studies ancient civilizations.
7. Crowd A large number of people gathered together, typically in a disorganized
or uncontrolled way. It can also refer to a large group of things (Đám
đông, quần chúng.)
- A huge crowd gathered to watch the concert
- The bus was so crowded I could barely move.

8. Audience The assembled spectators or listeners at a public event such as a play,

movie, concert, or meeting. It can also refer to the readership of a book
or the viewers of a TV show. (Khán giả, thính giả, độc giả)
- The comedian knew how to captivate his audience.
 - The target audience for this product is young adults.
9. Enjoy To take delight or pleasure in an activity or occasion. It means to find
something pleasing or satisfactory.
10. Please To cause to feel happy and satisfied. It can be used as a verb to make
someone happy, or as an interjection to make a polite request. (Làm hài
lòng, làm vui lòng)

11. Support To give assistance to, especially financially or by providing information

or approval. It also means to hold up or bear the weight of.
- The community supports local businesses.
- These pillars support the roof of the building.
12. Assist To help someone by doing a share of the work. It implies providing help
or aid, often in a more formal context than "help."( Hỗ trợ, giúp đỡ.)
- The doctor was assisted by a team of nurses
- Can I assist you with anything?
13. Kind Having or showing a friendly, generous, and considerate nature. It
describes someone who is caring and benevolent.
- She is a kind and thoughtful person.

14. Polite Having or showing good manners and respect for other people. It
means behaving in a way that is considered appropriate and respectful
in society.( Lịch sự, lễ phép.)
- Always be polite when speaking to elders
- He gave a polite nod as he passed. (Anh ấy gật đầu lịch sự khi đi
ngang qua.)

15. Feeling, showing, or expressing sympathy. It means understanding and

Sympathetic sharing the feelings of another, especially sorrow or distress.( Đồng
cảm, thông cảm.)
 I felt very sympathetic towards the victims of the flood.
 She offered a sympathetic ear to her friend's problems.
16. Likeable Pleasant, friendly, and easy to like. It describes someone or something
that elicits positive feelings and is generally appealing. (Dễ mến, đáng
yêu)
o He's a very likeable guy; everyone enjoys his company.
o The new teacher is extremely likeable.
17. Nervous Easily agitated or alarmed; tending to be anxious. It describes a feeling
of worry, anxiety, or slight fear. (Lo lắng, bồn chồn, hồi hộp)
18. Bad- Easily annoyed or angered. It describes someone who tends to be
tempered irritable or in a bad mood frequently. (Nóng tính, dễ nổi cáu, gắt gỏng)
 He becomes very bad-tempered when he's tired.
 Try not to be so bad-tempered with your colleagues.
19. Sensitive Quick to detect or respond to slight changes, signals, or influences. It
can also mean easily offended or highly attuned to others' feelings.
 ( Nhạy cảm, tinh tế, dễ bị tổn thương)
 The new equipment is highly sensitive to temperature changes.
 She's very sensitive to criticism.
 He's a sensitive artist who expresses deep emotions. (Anh ấy là
một nghệ sĩ nhạy cảm, thể hiện những cảm xúc sâu sắc.)

20. Sensible Possessing or exhibiting good judgment or common sense; practical. It

means making decisions based on logic and reason, rather than
emotion.
(Hợp lý, khôn ngoan, có lý trí, thực tế.)
o It's sensible to wear a coat in cold weather. (..thời tiết lạnh
là hợp lý.)
o She gave me some very sensible advice.
21. Company A commercial business. It can also refer to the state of being with
someone, or a group of people.( Công ty, hãng, cũng có thể chỉ sự bầu
bạn, ở cùng với ai đó, hoặc một nhóm người)
 He works for a large software company.
 I enjoy her company very much. (Tôi rất thích bầu bạn với cô
ấy.)
 We had some company over for dinner last night.
22. Group A number of people or things that are located, gathered, or classified
together. It implies a collection of individuals or items that share some
common characteristic or purpose. (Nhóm, tập đoàn, đoàn thể)
 The students worked in small groups to complete the project.
 A group of birds flew overhead. (Một đàn chim bay trên đầu.)

23. Popular Liked, admired, or enjoyed by many people or by a particular person or

group. It implies widespread appeal or acceptance.
24. Famous Known about by many people. It refers to someone or something that is
widely recognized and talked about, often for achievements or notoriet
25. Typical Exhibiting the characteristics or qualities that are representative of a
particular type or group. It means being characteristic of a certain kind
of person or thing.( Điển hình, tiêu biểu, đặc trưng)
 It was a typical rainy day in London. (Đó là một ngày mưa điển
hình ở London.)
 His reaction was typical of someone who doesn't like surprises.
(Phản ứng của anh ấy là điển hình của một người không thích
những bất ngờ.)
26. Usual Habitually or commonly occurring or done; customary. It refers to
something that happens regularly or is generally expected.
27. Ordinary With no special or distinctive features; normal. It means not unusual or
exceptional, common or standard.( Bình thường, tầm thường, thông
thường)
 It was just an ordinary day at the office. (Đó chỉ là một ngày làm
việc bình thường ở văn phòng.)
  Despite his fame, he lives a remarkably ordinary life. (Bất chấp
sự nổi tiếng của mình, anh ấy sống một cuộc sống hết sức bình
thường.)

28. Close Near in space or time; a short distance away or apart. It can also mean
intimate or very familiar. (Gần, thân mật. Gần về không gian hoặc thời
gian; cách một khoảng cách ngắn. Thân thiết hoặc rất quen thuộc.)
 The supermarket is very close to my house. (Siêu thị rất gần nhà
tôi.)
 They are very close friends. (Họ là những người bạn rất thân.)
 The two events happened in close succession. (Hai sự kiện xảy ra
liên tiếp nhau.)
29. Near At or to a short distance away; close by. It can also refer to being close
in time, quality, or relationship.( Gần, ở khoảng cách ngắn; sát bên.
Cũng có thể chỉ sự gần về thời gian, chất lượng, hoặc mối quan hệ.)
 The library is near the park. (Thư viện ở gần công viên.)
 The deadline is drawing near. (Hạn chót đang đến gần.)
 The two colors are very near in shade. (Hai màu này có sắc độ
rất gần nhau.)

30. Unknown Not known or familiar. It refers to something that has not been
identified, discovered, or experienced.( Không biết, lạ lẫm, vô danh)
 The cause of the accident remains unknown.
 He is an artist from an unknown background.
31. Infamous Well known for some bad quality or deed. It describes someone or
something having an extremely bad reputation. Note the difference
from "famous" which is generally positive.( Tai tiếng, khét tiếng.)
 He was an infamous dictator who ruled with an iron fist.
 The city is infamous for its high crime rate.
32. Notorious Famous or well known for something bad. Similar to "infamous," it
carries a strong negative connotation, often implying widespread
knowledge of wrongdoing.( Khét tiếng, tai tiếng)
 The gang leader was notorious for his violent crimes.
 The prison is notorious for its harsh conditions.
*(Note: "Infamous" and "Notorious" are very close in meaning and
often used interchangeably. "Notorious" might slightly emphasize the
"widespread knowledge" aspect.)

33. Level- Calm and sensible; able to make good decisions in difficult situations. It
headed describes someone who remains rational and composed under
pressure.
(Bình tĩnh, điềm đạm, tỉnh táo, khôn ngoan.)
 In a crisis, it's important to have a level-headed leader
 She's always so level-headed, even when everyone else is
panicking
34. Herd A large group of animals, especially hoofed mammals, that live, feed, or
 migrate together. It can also be used, sometimes disapprovingly, to
refer to a large group of people.( Đàn (động vật), bầy (thú).)
 A herd of cows was grazing in the field.
 The tourists moved like a herd through the museum.
35. Bully A person who uses strength or influence to harm or intimidate those
 who are weaker. As a verb, it means to use superior strength or
influence to intimidate (someone), typically to force him or her to do
what one wants.
(Kẻ bắt nạt, kẻ chuyên đi bắt nạt)
 The school has a strict policy against bullies
 Don't let him bully you into doing something you don't want to
do.

II. PHRASAL VERBS

Cụm động từ
1. ask after ask for news about (hỏi thông tin, hỏi tin tức)
2. bring up look after a child until he or she becomes an adult (nuôi dạy)
3. fall for fall in love with; believe (a lie/trick/etc) ( rơi vào tình yêu, yêu thích,
say mê…)
4. fall out have an argument with and stop being friends (cãi lộn với, tranh cãi
(with) với, nghỉ chơi với…)
5. get on have a good relationship (with) (hòa hợp với, thân thiết với, hòa đồng
(with) với)

6. grow up Become older (lớn lên, phát triển)

7. look down Think that you are better than (xem thường, coi thường)
on
8. look up to Admire and respect (tôn trọng, ngưỡng mộ)
9. make up become friends again after an argument (huề nhau, hết giận và làm
bạn lại, chơi lại (bạn bè)
10. pass away die
11. pick on keep treating someone badly or unfairly (ngược đãi, đối xử ai đó không
công bằng)
12. put down criticise, make someone feel stupid (chỉ trích, phê phán)
13. settle become calm after being upset, etc; stay in one place or get married
down and live quietly (an cư lập nghiệp, ổn định cuộc sống, không lông
ngông nữa
14. stand up support in an argument or fight (đứng lên đấu tranh cho, đứng lên
for bênh vực, ủng hộ …)
15. take surprise (usually in passive voice) (bị làm cho ngạc nhiên)
aback

III. PHRASES & COLLOCATIONS

Collocatio Examples / Phrases
ns
Approval − Show/give (your) approval of/for:
To express that you agree with or officially accept
something/someone. It means to indicate your positive opinion or
endorsement.
The board members showed their approval of the new project
by voting unanimously.
− Meet with sb’s approval:
To be accepted or liked by someone. It means to satisfy someone's
standards or expectations, leading to their approval.
Her proposal met with the director's approval.
Argument − Have an argument with sb about sth/doing:
To have a disagreement, often a heated one, with someone
concerning a particular topic or action. It implies a verbal dispute.
She had an argument with her boss about doing overtime.
− Win/lose an argument:
To succeed in convincing someone of your point of view in a dispute
(win) or fail to do so (lose). It refers to the outcome of a verbal
confrontation.
He rarely loses an argument because he's very articulate.
Care − Take care of:
To look after someone or something; to be responsible for their well-
being or maintenance. It can also mean to deal with a task or
problem.
The manager needs to take care of this complaint immediately.
− Care: [v] it means to feel concern or interest; to provide for the needs
of someone/something; or to be concerned or troubled.
[n] it refers to serious attention or consideration applied to
doing something correctly or to a state of worry.
 [v] Care (about/for): To feel affection, concern, or interest.
o She genuinely cares about her students.
o I don't care for coffee very much.
 [v] Care to do something: To want to do something (often in
questions or negatives, sounds polite or formal).
o Would you care to join us for dinner
 [v] Care (as in 'look after'): Similar to "take care of," but often
implies an ongoing responsibility.
o She cares for her elderly parents
 [n] Care (as in 'attention/diligence'):
o Handle with care. (Xử lý cẩn thận.)
o He chose his words with great care.
 [n] Care (as in 'worry/concern'):
o She has too many cares on her mind.
Courage − Have the courage to do:
 To possess the mental or moral strength to do something difficult,
dangerous, or frightening.
You must have the courage to speak up for what you believe in
− It takes courage to do:
Used to describe that a particular action requires a significant
amount of bravery.
It takes courage to admit when you're wrong.

Disguise − In disguise:
Wearing clothes or a costume to hide your true identity.
The spy entered the party in disguise.
− Wear a disguise:
To put on clothes or a costume for the purpose of hiding one's
identity.
He had to wear a disguise to avoid being recognized.
− Disguise yourself:
To change your appearance so that people do not recognize you.
She disguised herself as a security guard to get past the
checkpoint
− Disguised as sth/sb:
Having the appearance of something/someone else to hide the true
nature or identity.
The villain was disguised as a friendly old man
Dream − Have a dream about:
To experience a series of thoughts, images, and sensations occurring
in a person's mind during sleep, focusing on a particular subject.
Last night, I had a dream about flying. (Đêm qua, tôi đã mơ về
việc bay lượn.)
− Daydream:
A series of pleasant thoughts that distract one's attention from the
present. It's a waking fantasy, not a dream during sleep.
He often daydreams about traveling the world instead of working.
She spent the afternoon in a daydream.
− Dream of/about:
To think about something very much, especially something you
would like to happen or achieve (not necessarily during sleep). It can
also mean to have a vision in sleep.
I dream of a world where everyone lives in peace.
She's always dreaming about her next big adventure.

Family − Have/start a family:

To have children, or to begin the process of having children and
establishing a household.
 They got married last year and are hoping to start a family soon.
After years of working, she decided it was time to have a family.
− Nuclear family:
A family group consisting of a mother, father, and their children,
regarded as a basic social unit.
In many Western cultures, the nuclear family is the dominant
family structure.
− Extended family:
A family that extends beyond the nuclear family, consisting of
parents, children, and other kin such as grandparents, aunts, uncles,
and cousins, all living in the same household or in close proximity.
During holidays, our house is always full of our extended family.
Favour − Do/owe sb a favour:
Do sb a favour: To do something helpful for someone.
Owe sb a favour: To be in a situation where you need to return a
past kindness someone did for you.
Could you do me a favour and pick up my mail?
I helped him last week, so now he owes me a favour.
− Be in favour of:
To support or approve of someone or something.
Most people are in favour of stronger environmental protection
laws.
Friend − Make/become/stay/be friends with:
Make friends with: To form a friendship with someone.
Become friends with: To develop a friendship over time.
Stay friends with: To maintain a friendship over a period.
Be friends with: To have an existing friendship with someone.
It's easy to make friends with her; she's so friendly
We became friends with our neighbors very quickly
Despite the distance, they managed to stay friends with each
other.
I'm friends with John from work.
Love − Be/fall in love with:
Be in love with: To have strong feelings of affection and attraction
towards someone.
Fall in love with: To begin to feel strong feelings of affection and
attraction for someone.
They have been in love with each other for ten years. (Họ đã yêu
nhau mười năm rồi.)
He fell in love with her the moment he saw her. (Anh ấy đã phải
lòng cô ấy ngay khi nhìn thấy cô ấy.)

Mood − In a good/bad mood:

 She's been in a good mood all day since she got the promotion
− In the right/wrong mood:
To be feeling suitable (right mood) or unsuitable (wrong mood) for a
particular activity or situation.
I'm not in the right mood for a party tonight; I just want to relax.
− In the mood for sth:
To want to do or have something specific.
I'm really in the mood for some ice cream right now.
Pity − Pity sb:
To feel sorrow and compassion for someone's suffering or misfortune.
I pity anyone who has to work in such conditions.
− Take pity on sb:
To feel compassion for someone and help them. It implies actively
extending help due to feeling pity.
She took pity on the lost puppy and brought it home.
− Feel pity for sb:
To experience a feeling of sorrow and compassion caused by the
sufferings and misfortunes of others.
You can't help but feel pity for those affected by the disaster.
− It’s a pity (that): Used to express regret, disappointment, or sadness
about something.
It's a pity (that) he had to leave so early.
Promise − Promise to do:
To declare or assure that one will do something or that a particular
thing will happen.
I promise to help you with your homework tomorrow
− Give/make sb a promise:
To make a solemn declaration to someone that you will or will not do
something.
You made me a promise; now you have to keep it.
− Break a/your promise:
To fail to do what you have promised to do.
He felt bad for having to break his promise. (Anh ấy cảm thấy tồi
tệ vì đã phải thất hứa.)

IV. WORDS PATTERNS

1. Agree Agree with sth:
with/on/to sth To have the same opinion as someone or to accept an idea,
plan, or statement. This emphasizes agreement with an idea,
proposal, or a general statement.
- I agree with your assessment of the situation.
Agree on sth:
To reach a shared decision or conclusion about something after
 discussion. This implies that a discussion or negotiation has
taken place and a mutual decision has been made.
We finally agreed on the best course of action.(Cuối cùng
chúng tôi đã thống nhất về hướng hành động tốt nhất.)
They couldn't agree on a price for the car. (Họ không thể
thống nhất về giá xe.)
Agree to sth:
To give permission for something to happen or to accept a
proposal or demand. This often implies consenting to something
or accepting a condition.
She reluctantly agreed to their demands. (Cô ấy miễn cưỡng
đồng ý với yêu cầu của họ.)

2. Agree with sb To share the same opinion as another person. This focuses
specifically on agreement between two or more people's
viewpoints.
I completely agree with you on this matter.
3. Agree to do To promise or consent to perform a particular action. This pattern
is used when someone accepts an offer or commits to an action.
He agreed to help us move the furniture.
4. Agree that To share the same belief or understanding about a certain fact,
situation, or conclusion. This pattern introduces a subordinate
clause stating the point of agreement.
We all agree that the project was a success.
5. Allow sb to do To give permission for someone to do something.
The teacher allowed the students to leave early.
6.Allow sth To permit something to happen or exist, often referring to an
action, situation, or object rather than a person's action.
Smoking is not allowed in this building
7. Approve of To officially agree to or accept something, or to have a positive
opinion of something. This implies giving a sanction or having a
favorable view.
My parents don't approve of me staying out late.
8. Approve sth To officially agree to a plan, request, etc., or to say that
something is good or acceptable. This often refers to formal
endorsement.
The manager approved her request for a holiday.
9. Attack sth To start to fight or deal with something or someone forcefully, or
to criticize strongly.
Critics attacked the new policy as unworkable.
10. Attack sb for To criticize someone strongly for something they have said or
sth done.
Don't attack her for her opinion; everyone has a right to
express themselves.
11. An attack on An act of using violence to try to hurt or kill someone or damage
sth/sb something; or a strong criticism of something or someone.
There was an attack on the city last night.
12. Ban sb from To officially or legally prevent someone from doing something or
sth/doing going somewhere.
Smoking is banned from all public places.
They were banned from doing business in that country.
13. Convince sb To make someone believe that something is true or that
of sth something should be done.
I tried to convince him of my innocence.
14. Convince sb To persuade someone to do something.
to do He finally convinced his parents to let him buy a new bike.
15. Convince sb To make someone believe that something is true by giving them
that reasons or evidence. This introduces a statement that the person
is convinced about.
She convinced me that it was the right decision.
16. Force sb to do To make someone do something that they do not want to do,
sth especially by threatening them or by using violence.
The strong winds forced the plane to land at a different
airport.
Don't force him to eat if he's not hungry.
17. Force sb into To compel someone to do something, often implying they are
doing pushed into an undesirable or difficult situation.
The company policies forced many employees into
resigning.
He was forced into making a decision quickly.
18. Independent Not controlled or influenced by other people or things; not relying
of/from on other people or things for support.
She became financially independent from her parents at an
early age.
19. Object to To express disapproval of or opposition to something, especially
doing something that is suggested or planned. This pattern is always
followed by a gerund (V-ing).
I object to being treated like a child.
20. Pretend to be To behave in a way that suggests you have a particular quality,
feeling, or intention, when you do not.
He pretended to be asleep so he wouldn't have to help.
21. Pretend to do To act as if you are doing something, when you are not really
doing it.
The child pretended to read the book.
She pretended to be studying when her mom walked in.
22. Pretend that To act as if a particular fact or situation is true, when it is not. This
pattern introduces a clause (a full sentence) stating the pretense.
Let's pretend that we're on a deserted island.
23. Rely on To depend on someone or something; to trust or have confidence
in someone or something.
You can always rely on him for good advice.

V. WORD FORMATION
Word Noun Verb Adj/Adv
formation
1. Able (In)ability: The state of Enable: To make Unable:Lacking the
having (or lacking) the something possible; to ability, power, or
power or skill to do give someone the opportunity to do
something. authority or means to something.
do something. I was unable to
Disability: A physical or This new software attend the meeting.
mental condition that will enable us to
limits a person's work more Disabled: (Of a
movements, senses, or efficiently. person) having a
activities. physical or mental
The building has ramps condition that limits
for people with their movements,
disabilities. senses, or activities.
2. Achieve Achievement:
Winning the
championship was a
great achievement for
the team.
3. Argue Argument: Argumentative:
His main argument was Tending to argue or
that the plan was too disagree;
expensive. (Lý lẽ chính characterized by
của anh ấy là kế hoạch argument.
quá tốn kém.) He's very
argumentative and
always wants to
have the last word.
4. Care Careful, Careless,
(un)caring:
Showing kindness and
concern for others
(caring); or not
showing kindness or
concern for others
(uncaring) (Có lòng
trắc ẩn, quan tâm)
- She's a very
 caring person who
always helps
others
- His uncaring
attitude upset
everyone.
5.Correspo Correspondence:
nd Communication by
exchanging letters or
emails; or a close
similarity, connection, or
equivalence.
- We've had a lot of
correspondence about
this issue
- There is a direct
correspondence
between effort and
results.
6. Friend Friendship: The state (un)friendly: Kind
of being friends; a and pleasant
relationship between (friendly); or not kind
friends. or pleasant; hostile
Their friendship has (unfriendly).
lasted for many years. The new neighbor
(Tình bạn của họ đã kéo seemed rather
dài nhiều năm.) unfriendly.
7. Happy Happiness: (un)happy:
His children bring him She looked quite
great happiness unhappy with the
decision.
8. Jealous Jealousy:
Her jealousy caused
problems in their
relationship.
9. Kind Unkindness: Unkind Unkind:
behavior or treatment. Don't be unkind to
His words were an act animals. (Đừng đối
of pure unkindness xử tàn nhẫn với động
vật.)
10. Marry Marriage: (un)married:
Their marriage has She remained
been very happy. unmarried
throughout her life.
11. Nerve Nervousness: Nervous
Her nervousness was
 evident before the
presentation.
12. Obey Disobedience: Failure Disobey: To fail or Disobedient:
or refusal to obey rules refuse to obey. Refusing to obey rules
or someone in authority. He was punished for or someone in
His disobedience disobeying his authority.
resulted in a penalty. parents. The disobedient
child refused to go to
bed.
13. Person Personality: Tính cách, (im)personal: huộc
nhân cách về cá nhân, riêng tư
He has a strong (personal)
personality that The report was
makes him stand out. written in an
impersonal style.
14. Polite Politeness: (im)polite:
Her politeness made a It's impolite to
good impression. interrupt when
someone is speaking.
15. Relate Relation: Mối quan hệ, Relative: Considered
sự liên hệ; họ hàng. in relation to
There's no direct something else;
relation between the dependent on
two events. something else for
She has many relations existence or meaning
living in Canada. (Tương đối, có liên
quan)
The cost is relative
Relative: Họ hàng,
to the quality. (Chi
người thân
phí tương ứng với
All her relatives came chất lượng.)
to the wedding.
His happiness is
relative to his
Relationship: Mối quan financial success.
hệ, sự liên hệ (Hạnh phúc của anh
Their relationship is ấy tương đối với
based on trust. thành công tài chính
của anh ấy.)

Willing: (un)willingness: The Unwilling: Not ready

Ready, quality or state of being or prepared to do
eager, or (un)willing; readiness or something; reluctant.
prepared to reluctance to do He was unwilling to
do something. compromise on the
something. His willingness to matter
learn is admirable. (Sự
sẵn lòng học hỏi của
anh ấy thật đáng
ngưỡng mộ.)
The team expressed
their unwillingness to
work overtime.