UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION 2022/2023
EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY AND
PROPERTY MANAGEMENT/BACHELOR OF EDUCATION ARTS/BACHELOR
OF EDUCATION SCIENCE/ BACHELOR OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION/BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN MEDICAL ENGINEERING
SPS 2140, SPM 2291, SMA 2272, HEM 2311 Probability and Statistics I Year I, II, III
Semester I
Date: Friday, 9th December 2022 Time: 11.00am – 1.00pm
INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER TWO
QUESTION ONE [COMPULSORY] - 30 MARKS
QUESTION ONE (30 MARKS)
a) Explain the difference between the following terms as used in Statistics.
(i) Descriptive and Inferential statistics (2 marks)
(ii) A census and a sample survey (2 marks)
b) Two events A and B are such that P (A) = 0.5, P (B) = 0.3 and P (A∩B) = 0.1. Calculate:
(i) P(A|B) (2 marks)
(ii) P(AUB (4 marks)
c) Find the mean and standard deviation of the data provided below.
3,6,9,10,7,12,13,15,6,13 (5 marks)
d) The data below represents the monthly salaries (in thousands) of 50 employees in a
company.
112 100 127 120 134 118 105 110 109 112 110 118 117 116 118 122 114 114 105 109 107 112 114
115 118 117 118 122 106 110 116 108 110 121 113 120 119 111 104 111 120 113 120 117 105 110
118 112 114 114.
Construct a frequency distribution table to represent the data. (5 marks)
e) The table below shows the marks of ten candidates in Physics and Mathematics.
Marks in physics 18 20 30 40 46 54 60 80 88 92
Marks in mathematics 42 54 60 54 62 68 80 66 80 100
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Find the product-moment correlation coefficient and comment on your answer.
(6 marks)
f) State and explain any four reasons why a sample survey is preferred over a census.
(4 marks)
QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS)
a) An economist collected the following data about the female life expectancy, years and
the gross domestic production per head, $y, in six countries in Eastern Africa in 2019.
Country Kenya Uganda Tanzania Sudan Ethiopia Somalia
X 42 50 47 58 57 73
Y 143 179 197 335 384 423
(i) Use the least square method to find a suitable line of regression (line of best fit)
(7 marks)
(ii) Use the fitted line in (i) above to estimate the value of X for a country in the
same region where the value of Y was 858. (3 marks)
b) In a survey, 15% of the participants said that they had never bought lottery tickets or a
premium bond, 73% had bought lottery tickets and 49% had bought premium bonds.
With the aid of a Venn diagram find the probability that a person chosen at random
had bought;
(i) Lottery tickets or premium bonds (2marks)
(ii) Lottery tickets and premium bonds (2marks)
(iii) Lottery tickets only (2marks)
c) The discrete random variable W has probability distribution as shown below
W -3 -2 -1 0 1
P(w) 0.1 0.25 0.3 0.15 d
Find:
(i) the value of d (2 marks)
(ii) 𝑃(−3 ≤ 𝑊 < 0
QUESTION THREE (20 MARKS)
a) Explain the difference between the following terms as used in probability:
(i) Mutually exclusive and Mutually exhaustive events (2 marks)
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(ii) Independent and dependent events (2 marks)
b) The events A and B are such that 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.45, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.35 and 𝑃(𝐴𝑈𝐵) = 0.7
(i) Find the probability of 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) (2 marks)
(ii) Explain why the events A and B are not independent (2 marks)
(iii) Find the value of 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) (2 marks)
c) Use the data provided in the frequency distribution table to answer the question that
follow
Age 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39
Frequency 5 12 32 40 16 9 6
Find the
(i) Mean (2 marks)
(ii) Median (3 marks)
d) State and briefly explain any two probability sampling schemes (2 marks)
QUESTION FOUR (20 MARKS)
a) Use the data provided below to answer the questions that follow.
15.0 17.4 10.3 9.2 20.7 18.9 16.6 22.4 23.7 18.6 26.1 16.5 19.7 12.9 15.7 30.8 15.4 20.3 24.0 29.6
18.3 23.7 17.8 24.6 23.0 21.4 32.8 12.5 17.5 18.3 23.2 21.6 20.8 29.8 24.5 28.4 13.5 17.1 27.1 27.9
(i) Organize the data into a grouped frequency table (5 marks)
(ii) Construct a histogram to represent the data in (i) above (4 marks)
(iii) Comment on the skewness of the histogram plotted in (ii) above. (1 mark)
b) A computer program generates random questions in arithmetic that children have to
answer within a fixed time. The probability of the first question being answered
correctly is 0.8. Whenever a question is answered correctly, the next question
generated is more difficult, and the probability of a correct answer being given is
reduced by 0.1. Whenever a question is answered wrongly, the next question is of the
same standard, and the probability of a correct answer being given remains
unchanged.
(i) Draw a tree diagram to represent the above information. (3 marks)
(ii) Find the probability that the second question is answered correctly (3 marks)
(iii) By extending the tree diagram, or otherwise, find the probability that the second
question is answered correctly given that the third question is answered correctly.
(4 marks)
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QUESTION FIVE (20 MARKS)
a) State and explain any three approaches that can be used to assign probabilities to
events. (3 marks)
b) A factory has, three machines A, B, C producing large numbers of a certain item. Of
the total daily production of the items, 50% are produced on A, 30% on B and 20% on
C. Records show that 2% of items produced on A are defective, 3 % of items produced
on B are defective and 4% of items produced on C are defective. The occurrence of a
defective item is independent of all other items. One item is chosen at random from a
day's total output.
(i) Find the probability of being defective (4 marks)
(ii) Given that it is defective, find the probability that it was produced by Machine A.
(3 marks)
c) Whig and Penn, Solicitors, monitored the time spent on consultations with a random
sample of 120 of their clients. The times, to the nearest minute are summarized in the
table below.
Time 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-44 45-59 60-89 90-119 Total
Number of Clients 2 5 17 33 27 25 7 3 1 120
Use the data above to find the lower and the upper quartiles and comment on the skewness
of the distribution. (6 marks)
d) A traffic engineer is interested in the number of vehicles reaching a particular
crossroads during periods of relatively low traffic and records the following data.
X 0 1 2 3 4
P(x) 0.37 0.39 0.19 0.04 0.01
Calculate the expected value, the variance and standard deviation of the random variable
X (4 marks)
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