Candidate’s Name: ………………………………………………………COMB:……………..
P525/1
CHEMISTRY
Paper 1
2 ¾ hours
UGANDA ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION
S.5 END OF YEAR EXAMINATION, 2024
CHEMISTRY
Paper 1
2 hours 45 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
Answer all questions in section A and six questions in section B All questions
must be answered in the spaces provided
The Periodic Table, with relative atomic masses, is supplied.
Mathematical tables(3 – figure tables) are adequate or non-programmable scientific electronic
calculators may be used
Illustrate your answers with equations where applicable.
Where necessary, use the following:
Molar gas constant R = 8.31 JK-1 mol-1
Molar volume of a gas at s.t.p is 22.4 litres.
Standard temperature = 273 K
Standard pressure = 101325 N m-2
For Examiner’s Use Only
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Total
Turn Over.
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SECTION A(46 MARKS)
Attempt all questions in this section.
1. Draw the structures and state the shape of each of the following species in the
table below. (41/2 marks)
Species Structure Shape
SiO32-
BrO3-
Cl2O
2. a) What is meant by the term first electron affinity? (1 mark)
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b) State three factors that can affect electron affinity. (1½ marks)
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c) The first electron affinities of some elements of period 3 of the Periodic Table are given in the
table below
Element Al Si P S
First electron -44 -134 -71.7 -200
affinity (KJmol-1)
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Explain the trend in variation of electron affinities. (2½ marks)
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3. 5.5g of a non-volatile solute X was dissolved in 125g of solvent Y. The vapour pressure curves
for the solution and pure solvent at constant pressure, P is shown below
A
B
P
Vapour pressure(mmHg)
100 100.139
Temperature (0C)
(a) Identify the curve for solution. (1 mark)
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(b) Calculate the molecular mass of solute X.(Ebullioscopic constant; Kb for solvent Y is
0.520Cmole-1kg-1 and vapour pressure of the solvent is 55.55Pa) (3 marks)
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(c) State two limitations of your answer in (b) above. (1 mark)
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4. Complete the following organic equations and name the major organic product.
(a) 𝐶𝑙2 1
(1 2 marks)
𝑈. 𝑉 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
Name of product: …………………………………………………………………………….
CH3 1
(b) HBr (1 2 marks)
CH3OOCH3
Name of the product………………………………………………………………………..
Br
Na 1
(c) + CH3I (1 2 marks)
Dry ether
Name of the product: ………………………………………………………………………………
CH2CH2OH
(d) Conc. H2SO4 1
(1 2 marks)
0
180 C
Name of the product:...……………………………………………………………………………
5. The table below the standard electrode potentials of some elements in group II of the periodic
Table.
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Element Mg Ca Sr Ba
Standard electrode potential (Volts) -2.34 -2.87 -2.89 -2.91
(a) With a reason, identify the element which is the most powerful reducing agent. (1½ marks)
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(b) Explain the trend in the standard electrode potential of the element. (3 marks)
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6 (a) A compound R contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only. 0.463g of R on combustion gave
1.1g of carbon dioxide and 0.563g of water. Determine the empirical formula of R. (3 marks)
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(b) When 0.1g of R was vapourised at 208 and 98.3kPa, it occupied a volume of 54.5 .
Determine the molecular formula of R. (2 marks)
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7. (a) Concentrated nitric acid reacts with benzene to form a yellow oily liquid. State the conditions
under which the reaction occurs and give the IUPAC name of the yellow oily liquid.
Condition(s) (1 mark)
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IUPAC name
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(b) Outline the mechanism for the reaction between nitric acid and benzene in presence of the
condition(s) given. (2 marks)
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(c) Show how that yellow oily liquid can be synthesized from 1,2-dichloroethane. (2 marks)
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8. (a) State Graham’s law of diffusion. (1 mark)
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(b) In a one-meter length tube, cotton wool soaked in concentrated ammonia was corked at one
side of the tube and the opposite side had cotton wool soaked in concentrated hydrochloric acid.
How far from the cotton wool of concentrated acid will the white ring be formed? (3 marks)
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(c) State two applications of Graham’s law of diffusion in chemistry. (1 marks)
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9. 20cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon Q,(CxHy) were exploded with 100cm3 of oxygen. On cooling
to room temperature, the residual gases occupied 90cm3 and this on treatment with sodium
hydroxide solution reduced by 40cm3.
(a) Write equation of reaction between Q and oxygen. (1 mark)
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(b) Determine the molecular formular of Q. (2 2 marks)
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(c) Using equations only, show how Q can be synthesized from an alcohol. (2 2 marks)
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SECTION B(54 MARKS)
Attempt only six questions from this section
10. Complete the following equations and in each case outline a plausible mechanism for the
reaction.
(a) CH3COCl / AlCl3, (3 marks)
500C
Mecahnism
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1. Na/NH3(l)
(b) HC≡ CH (3 marks)
2. CH3CH2Br
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Mechanism
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KOH /CH3CH2OH
(c) CH3CH2BrCHBrCH3 (3 marks)
Heat
Mecahmism
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11. (a) State:
(i) Raoult’s law. (1 mark)
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(ii) Three properties of an ideal solution. (1½ marks)
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(b) An ideal solution of A and B is such that the mole fraction of A is 0.25 at 25 . Calculate the
composition of the vapour above liquid mixture. (The vapour pressure of pure A and pure B at
25 are 8.000 kPa and 13.332 kPa respectively.) (3 marks)
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(c) (i) Sketch a labeled boiling point-composition diagram for the mixture in (b) above.
(2½ marks)
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(ii) State what would be obtained as the distillate and the residue if a liquid mixture in (b)
containing 40% A is fractionally distilled. (1 mark)
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12. (a) What is meant by the term diagonal relationship? (2 marks)
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(b) State four properties in which Beryllium behaves differently from other group II elements.
(4 marks)
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(c) Write equation for the reaction between water and;
i) Beryllium carbide. (1½ marks)
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i) Calcium carbide. (1½ marks)
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13. (a). The boiling point of 2-chlorobutane and 2-iodobutane are 68ºC and 119ºC respectively.
When treated separately with sodium hydroxide followed by acidified silver nitrate solution, 2-
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chlorobutane forms a white precipitate after 15 minutes while2-iodobutane forms a yellow
precipitate almost immediately. Explain why;
(i). The boiling point of 2-chlorobutane is lower than that of 2-iodobutane. (2 marks)
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(ii). The formation of the precipitate in 2-chlorobutane takes a longer time than in 2-iodobutane.
(3 marks)
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(b). Write the equation for the reaction of 1-chlorobutane with aqueous sodium hydroxide and
outline the mechanism for the reaction. (2 mark)
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(c). The reaction in (b) is exothermic. Sketch a labelled potential energy versus reaction coordinate
diagram for the reaction. (2 marks)
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14. (a) Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium and Barium are elements in group II of the Periodic
Table. Briefly describe how the hydroxides of the elements above reacts with;
i) sodium hydroxide solution (2½ marks)
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ii) hydrochloric acid (2½ marks)
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(b) The table below shows the solubility of group II hydroxides in water at 200C.
Hydroxide Be(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 Sr(OH)2 Ba(OH)2
Solubility (g/100g) 0.000 0.002 0.15 0.9 4.0
i) Explain the trend in solubility of the hydroxides. (4 marks)
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15. A hydrocarbon Z contain 85.7% carbon and has a density of 2.5g/litre at S.T.P.
(a) calculate the empirical formula of Z. (2 marks)
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(b) Determine the molecular formula of Z. (2 marks)
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(c) Write the structural formulae of all possible open chain isomers of Z. (1½ marks)
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(d) (i) Ozonolysis of Z and subsequent hydrolysis gave one product. Identify Z. (½ mark)
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(ii) Write an equation to show how Z can be synthesized from butan-2-ol and indicate a
mechanism for the reaction. (3 marks)
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16. Name a reagent that can be used to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds
and in each case, state what would be observed if each member of the pairs was treated with the
named reagent
(a)
CH3CH2CHC≡CCH3 and CH3CH2CHC≡CH
CH3 CH3
Reagent ( 1 mark)
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Observations (2 marks)
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(b) (CH3)2C=CH2 and CH3CH2CH3
Reagent ( 1 mark)
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Observations (2 marks)
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(c) C6H5Cl and CH3CH2Cl
Reagent (1 mark)
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Observations (2 marks)
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17. The table below shows the freezing point of various concentrations of a non- volatile solute D
in water at 760mmHg.
Concentration of D 0 30 60 90 120 150
(gdm-3)
Freezing point(0C) 0.00 -0.16 -0.32 -0.49 -0.65 -0.81
(a) State what is meant by the term freezing point depression of a substance. (1 mark)
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(ii) Plot a graph of freezing point depression against concentration D. (4 marks)
(b) From your graph, determine the Relative molecular mass of D. (4 marks)
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THE END
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