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ATE Full IMP QUESTIONS FROM SAI BOSS-FOR Merit Stuents

1)Define Power amplifier .Define the term related to power Amplifier

I) Efficiency
II) Voltage gain
III) Bandwidth--4M(Repeated 1 time)
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2) Describe with help of circuit diagram working of class A power

amplifier. --4M(Repeated 1time)
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3)Explain with sketch the working of class B push pull amplifier.

--4M(Repeated 2times)
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4) Explain the term crossover distortion state the methods to

overcome it--4M((Repeated 1time)

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 Crossover distortion is a type of distortion that occurs when an
amplifier's output device turns on or off, especially at low output
levels. It's caused by a difference in the timing of when two stages
of a transistor turn on and off. The term "crossover" refers to the
signal "crossing over" between devices, such as from the upper
transistor to the lower.

Here are some ways to reduce or eliminate crossover distortion:

 Class-AB amplifiers

Overlap the operating regions of the push and pull output devices to gradually
transition between them. This method reduces crossover distortion, but it also
increases the amplifier's idle power consumption.

 Class AB power amplifiers

Use diodes at the bases of transistors to reduce forward bias voltage at

bases. This biases the transistors slightly above the cut-off.

Crossover distortion is most commonly seen in complementary, or

"push-pull", class-B amplifier stages. Class A amplifiers don't
experience crossover distortion because they are biased in the center
of the load line.
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5)Explain with circuit diagram and waveform the operation of

class AB push pull power amplifier--4M((Repeated 2times)

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6) Compare different types of power amplifier on basis of-

(i) Efficiency.
(ii) Power dissipation in transistor.
(iii) Conduction angle of collector current
(iv) Position of Q.-4M((Repeated 3times)
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7)Draw Block Diagram of OP-AMP and explain function of each

block.-4M((Repeated 4times)
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8) Draw pin diagram of IC741 and sate function of each block-

4M((Repeated 1time)
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9) Compare open loop gain and close loop gain

---4M((Repeated 4times)

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10)Define parameters of OP-AMP(any parameter can be asked) --

-2M((Repeated 4times)

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11)State Ideal and Practical value of IC 741(any parameter can be

asked)-2M((Repeated 4times)

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12)Draw circuit diagram of Schmitt trigger and explain it. In op-amp based Schmitt trigger,
R2 = 200Ω, R1 = 50Ω, Vin = 500 mVpp sinewave, saturation voltage = ± 15V. Determine
threshold Voltage V UTP , V LTP .-2M((Repeated 1time)
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13)Draw the circuit of basic differentiator and derive output expression. Draw output
waveforms for active differentiator for square wave and sine wave inputs.--4M or 6M
(Repeated 2times)
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14) Describe the operation of Inverting and non-inverting

operation of ZCD with neat circuit diagram and input output
waveform.---6M(Repeated 2times)
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15)
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16) Explain operation of schmitt trigger andFor a Schmitt trigger

using op-amp, find threshold voltageVUTP and VLTP when R2 =
150kΩ, R1 = 100kΩ. Vin =500 mV, sine Wave saturationvoltage
= ±15V. Also find hysteresis voltage--4M or 6M(Repeated
2times)

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17) Give classification of filter based on components used. --

2M(Repeated 1time)
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Classification of filter based on components used are:
1. Active filters(components such as transistor, OP-AMP)
2. Passive filters(components such as R,L,C)
Classification of filters based on frequency response are:
 Low Pass Filter
 High Pass Filter
 Band Pass Filter
 All Pass Filter

18)Define order of filter with suitable example. --2M(Repeated

1time)
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Order of the filter:-
It depends on the rate at which filter’s gain decreases or increases
after or before cut off
frequency.
For example:
1. If gain of the filter is reduced by -20 dB / decade or increases
by +20 dB / decade then
the filter is of 1st order.
2. If gain of the filter is reduced by -40 dB / decade or increases
by +40 db / decade then
the filter is of 2nd order and so on.
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19)Explain phase shift oscillator using IC 741 with neat diagram.-

-4M(Repeated 3times)

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20) Virtual ground is a concept related to the negative feedback

in an op amp.--4M(Repeated 2times)

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21)Explain the working of voltage controlled oscillator using

IC555. Also draw related waveform.--4M or 6M(Repeated
2times)

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22)Draw a circuit diagram of V-I converter of floating load.

Derive expression for its output. List any two applications.--4M or
6M(Repeated 5 times)

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23) Explain the operation of window detector with neat sketch

and its input and output waveform. List the applications of
window detector--4M or 6M(Repeated 2 times)

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24)Draw the closed loop inverting amplifier using op-amp and

derive the expression for its gain.--4M or 6M(Repeated 1 time)

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25)List the advantages of negative feedback over positive

feedback.( Any Four points) --2M(Repeated 3times)
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26)In voltage amplifier output voltage without negative

feedback is 10V. If 25% of output voltage its feedback in
series with input voltage. Find Feedback voltagealso give
value of the feedback factor.. --2M or 4M or 6M(Repeated 3
times)
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27)Compare amplifier and oscillator.--2M or 3M(Repeated

1time)

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28)State the Barkhausen criterion for the generation of

sustained oscillations. --2M(Repeated 1 time)
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29)A phase shift oscillator has R= 220 KQ and C = 500 pF.

Calculate the frequency of sine wave--2M(Repeated 1 time)
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30)Describe the basic integrator circuit using op-amp.--

4M(Repeated 2times)
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31)Explain the operation of sample and hold circuit with neat

diagram. Draw the input-output wave forms.--4M(Repeated 2
times)
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32)Draw the block diagram of voltage series feedback--2M(

Repeated 1 time)
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33)An amplifier has gain ‘A’ of 300 without feedback . If

negative feedback with feedback factor 0.03 is introduced in
the circuit then calculate the gain with feedback.--2M( Repeated
1 time)
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34) Compare active and passive filters. (Any three points) --3M
or 4M (Repeated 1 time)
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35)State any six merits of active filter over passive filter. ---3M or
4M(Repeated 5 times)
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OR

36)Define following terms related with filter:

(i) Roll off Rate (ii) Pass band (iii) Cut off frequency--2M(Repeated
7 times)
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 Roll-Off Rate:
It is the rate At Which gain of the filter Changes with respect to input
frequency.
Or
The rate at which gain falls off rapidly in stop band is called Roll off rate

 Pass Band:
The frequency range that a filter allows with minimal attenuation. Frequencies within
the pass band are passed, while others are attenuated.

 Cutoff Frequency :

The frequency at which the filter’s output is reduced to 70.7% of the input (or -3 dB
point).

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37)Design first order Butterworth low pass filter with

component value at cutoff frequeney of 15KHz with passband
gain of 2.--4M(Repeated 1 time)
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38)Draw second order high pass filter and describe its

operation with frequency response characteristics. State the
equations for cut off frequency and passband gain.--4M or
6M(Repeated 3 times)

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39)Draw the pin diagram of IC555 and state the function of IC

555--4M or 6M(Repeated 2 times)
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The IC 555functions as a timer, oscillator, and flip-flop in various applications. Its

key modes are:

1. Astable Mode: Generates continuous square waves for clocks, LEDs, and tone
generation.
2. Monostable Mode: Creates a single timed pulse, useful for timers and pulse
generation.
3. Bistable Mode: Acts as a flip-flop, switching between two stable states for
memory or toggle applications.

Its timing is set by resistors and capacitors, enabling precise control over delays
and frequencies.
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40)Explain the working of astable multi-vibrator using IC 555.--

4M or 6M(Repeated 2 times)
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41)Design the Timer IC 555 based monostable multivibrator with

suitable value of R and C for pulse width of 1ms.--4M or
6M(Repeated 1 time)

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42)Describe the operation of PLL as FM demodulator.--4M or

6M(repeated 7 times)
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43)Draw the neat circuit diagram of first order high pass filter
and explain its operation.--4M(Repeated 2 times)
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44)List different types of feedback amplifiers.--2M(Repeated 1

time)
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Types of feedback amplifiers:
1. Positive feedback amplifiers
2. Negative feedback amplifiers
(i)voltage series feedback amplifiers
(ii)voltage shunt feedback amplifiers
(iii)current series feedback amplifiers
(iv)current shunt feedback amplifiers

45)List the types of power amplifiers.--2M(Repeated 1 time)

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Types of power amplifiers:-
1. Class A amplifier
2. Class B amplifier
3. Class AB amplifier
4. Class C amplifier

46)List the uses of heat sink (four points)--2M(Repeated 1

time)
--->
Uses of heat sink:
i. It is used to avoid thermal runaway in electronic circuits.
ii. Use to transfer heat generated by a mechanical or an electronic
device to the
surroundings.
iii. Use to optimize the heat exchange between component and
surrounding by
maximizing the contact surface between heat sink and air.
iv. Used to dissipate the amount of heat generated.
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47)Explain with the help of waveforms, the working principle of

single stage CE amplifier.---4M(Repeated 3 times)
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48)Compare positive and negative feedback--4M.(Repeated 3

times)
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49) Compare the performance of current series and current shunt

feedback amplifier.--4M(Repeated 1time)
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50) Draw the circuit of complementary, symmetry push pull

amplifier and explain its working.--4M or 6M(Repeated 1 time)
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Working:
Input signal Vin is applied to both the transistor through input
capacitor.
During positive half cycle of input:
The base of the transistors NPN & PNP is positive.
As a result of this NPN conducts & PNP remains OFF.
So we get half cycle in the output.
During negative half cycle of input:
The base of the transistors NPN & PNP is negative.
As a result of this PNP conducts & NPN remains OFF.
So we get remaining half cycle in the output.
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51) 51)Explain principle of feedback amplifier.--4M(Repeated 1 time)

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52)Comment on the effect of negative feedback on the gain,

input and output resistance of the feedback amplifiers.Describe
the gain bandwidth product termused in this context and its
importance.--6M(Repeated 1 time)
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Effect of negative feedback:

1. Gain decreases with negative feedback.

2. Input resistance increases with negative feedback.
3. Output resistance decreases with negative feedback.
Explanation of significance of Gain bandwidth product
Bandwidth measure at 3db voltage gain. As Gain and
bandwidth product is always
constant, and it is unity gain bandwidth.
The gain decreases with negative feedback bandwidth
increases which means it is
stable output on more range of frequency.
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53)Sketch the circuit diagram of closed loop non-inverting

amplifier and derive expression for its gain.--4M(Repeated 1
time)
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54)For the given equation Sketch the circuit diagram and output
waveforms for square wave input.--6M(Repeated 1 time)
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55) Design the circuit to get output voltage V0=3V1+2V2 where

V1 and V2 are input voltage---4Mor 6M(Repeated 3 times)
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OR
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56) Draw circuit diagram of I to V converter.---2M(Repeated 1

time)
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57)Sketch the output signal along with input signal as sine wave
of 5V peak to peak for
following op-amp based circuit with ideal condition.
i) Inverting amplifier with gain '5'
ii) Positive peak detector
iii) Active Integrator
iv) Non Inverting Zero Crossing detector
v) Non inverting unity gain amplifier
vi) Active differentiator--6M(Repeated 1time)
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