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DNA Structure PowerPoint

The document provides an overview of DNA as the genetic material, detailing its structure as a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides composed of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases. It explains the functions of nucleotides and nucleic acids, including energy metabolism and genetic information storage. Key contributions to understanding DNA's structure are attributed to scientists like Chargaff, Franklin, Wilkins, Watson, and Crick.

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6 views24 pages

DNA Structure PowerPoint

The document provides an overview of DNA as the genetic material, detailing its structure as a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides composed of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases. It explains the functions of nucleotides and nucleic acids, including energy metabolism and genetic information storage. Key contributions to understanding DNA's structure are attributed to scientists like Chargaff, Franklin, Wilkins, Watson, and Crick.

Uploaded by

ashrafarbabnohario
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DNA: The Genetic Material

Prepared By:
Dr. Maria Asif
MBBS, M.Phil
NUCLEIC ACIDS
• These are non-protein nitrogenous
substances made up of nucleotide.
• There are two different types of nucleic
acids:
1.DNA
2.RNA

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DNA Structure
DNA is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides.

The building blocks of DNA are


nucleotides, each composed of:
– a 5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose
– a phosphate group (PO4)
– a nitrogenous base
• adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
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DNA Structure
The nucleotide structure consists of
– the nitrogenous base attached to the 1’
carbon of deoxyribose
– the phosphate group attached to the 5’
carbon of deoxyribose
– a free hydroxyl group (-OH) at the 3’
carbon of deoxyribose

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Function of nucleotides and
nucleic acids
Nucleotide functions:
• Energy metabolism(ATP,GTP,CTP)
• Enzyme cofactors(NAD,NADP,FAD)
• Signal transduction(cAMP cGMP)
Nucleic acid functions:
• Storage of genetic information.
• Transmission of genetic information.
• Processing of genetic information.
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• Protein synthesis.
Nitrogenous bases
1.Purines:
• Adenine
• Guanine
• These are double ring bases.
2.pyrimidines:
• Cytosine
• Thymine
• Uracil.
• These are single ring bases. 8
DNA Structure

phosphodiester bond: bond between


adjacent nucleotides
– formed by the ester linkages of single
phosphate residue with the 3’-OH group
of one nucleotide and the 5’ –OH of the
next nucleotide.

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Continued

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DNA Structure
Determining the 3-dimmensional structure of
DNA involved the work of a few scientists:

– Erwin Chargaff determined that


• amount of adenine = amount of thymine
• amount of cytosine = amount of guanine
This is known as Chargaff’s Rules

12
DNA Structure
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
– Franklin performed X-ray diffraction
studies to identify the 3-D structure
– discovered that DNA is helical
– discovered that the molecule has a
diameter of 2nm and makes a complete
turn of the helix every 3.4 nm

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DNA Structure
James Watson and Francis Crick, 1953
– deduced the structure of DNA using
evidence from Chargaff, Franklin, and
others
– proposed a double helix structure

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DNA Structure
The double helix consists of:
– sugar-phosphate backbones
– nitrogenous bases toward the interior of
the molecule
– bases form hydrogen bonds with
complementary bases on the opposite
sugar-phosphate backbone

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DNA Structure
The two strands of nucleotides are
antiparallel to each other
– one is oriented 5’ to 3’, the other 3’ to 5’

The two strands wrap around each other to


create the helical shape of the molecule.

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RNA

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THANK YOU

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