Lab Activity
Instructions
1. There are seven activities in the PDF file
2. Write all the seven activities neatly in a Practical Record Book. If you do not have
Record book, then purchase it.
3. Graphs have to be pasted on the left side only and neatly depicted.
4. Index page along with page numbers have to be filled.
5. Scale has to be written on the graph. X-axis :1cm= _____& Y-axis : 1cm=_____
6. At the end of each activity I have put a graph. Your graph should match with that.
7. You can directly starting writing Aim, Materials Required, Procedure, Observations,
Conclusion etc as shown in the slides in your record book. Your only work is to
plot the graph.
8. Take print out of the output matrices in activities 5 to 7 and paste them in your record
Activity - 1
• Aim:
Mapping the inequalities on a Graph sheet and finding the feasible region
𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 10; 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 1; 𝑥 − 𝑦 ≤ 0; 𝑥 ≥ 0; 𝑦 ≥ 0
• Material Required:
Graph paper, glue & Stationary
• Procedure
1. We first draw the graphs of the lines 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10; 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1 ; 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0;
x 0 3 x 0 1 x 0 1
y 5 4 y 1 0 y 0 1
2. Then we shade the inequality region by considering the origin.
3. The inequality region for 𝑥 ≥ 0; 𝑦 ≥ 0 lies in first quadrant.
4. The overlapping or intersecting regions is the feasible region which
satisfies all the inequalities.
• Conclusion:
The graph is drawn and the feasible region is shown shaded.
Finally Students
Your Graph should
look like This
Activity - 2
• Aim:
Mapping the Modulus function on a Graph Sheet 𝑖 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 4
𝑖𝑖 𝑦 = 𝑥 +4
• Material Required:
Graph paper, glue & Stationary
• Procedure
1. We first draw the graph of the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 4
x -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
y 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
2. Draw the graph of the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 4 on the same graph sheet
x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y 8 7 6 5 4 5 6 7 8
Conclusion:
The graphs are drawn
Finally Students
Your Graph should
look like This
Activity - 3
• Aim:
Identify Whether a function is increasing or decreasing Graphically and
verify it algebraically
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 5
• Material Required:
Graph paper, glue & Stationary
• Procedure
1. We first draw the graph of the line 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 5
x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y -7 -4 -1 2 5 8 11 14
• Observations:
1. The Graph is sloping towards right which indicates the slope is positive. This
proves that the function is an increasing function
Algebraic verification:
Let us take any two points x1 & x2.
Let x1 = 2 & x2 = 3
f(x1) = 11 & f(x2) = 14
We observe that x1 > x2 ⇒ f(x1) > f(x2) which proves that the function is
an increasing function
• Conclusion:
The Given function is an increasing function
Finally Students
Your Graph should
look like This
Activity - 4
• Aim:
Finding Maxima & Minima and Verifying Algebraically
𝑦 = −𝑥 2
• Material Required:
Graph paper, glue & Stationary
• Procedure
We first draw the graph of the quadratic equation𝑦 = −𝑥 2
x 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 1 2 3 4
y 0 -1 -4 -9 -16 -1 -4 -9 -16
• Observations:
1. The graph is a parabola which is inverted.
2. The graph has a maximum at (0,0). There is no minima or minimum point for
the graph
Algebraic verification:
𝑦 = −𝑥 2
𝑦 ′ = −2𝑥(𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑦 ′ = 0(𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
−2𝑥 = 0⇒ 𝑥 = 0
𝑦 ′′ = −2(𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
𝑥 = 0⇒𝑦 = 0
• Conclusion:
Since the second derivative is negative the function has only maxima and the
Point is (0,0)
Finally Students
Your Graph should
look like This
Activity - 5
• Aim:
Adding and subtracting Matrices using Spreadsheet
• Material Required:
Laptop, MS-Excel software
• Procedure
(a) Addition of two matrices:
1. In the spreadsheet Type in two different matrices of order 3X3 and
label it as Matrix A and Matrix as shown
2. We then select an empty region of 9 cells (3 rows & 3 columns) below Matrix A
and Matrix B where by using the operator ‘+’ in the formula bar we obtain the
output matrix.
(b) Subtraction using matrices:
1. We use the same above matrices ie Matrix A and Matrix B. We are subtracting
Matrix B from Matrix A
2. . We then select an empty region of 9 cells (3 rows & 3 columns) below Matrix
A and Matrix B where by using the operator ‘-’ in the formula bar we obtain the
output matrix
(c) Combining subtraction of matrices with scalar multiplication:
1. We use the same above matrices ie Matrix A and MatrixB. We are subtracting
2times of Matrix B from 3 times of Matrix A ie (3A – 2B)
2. . We then select an empty region of 9 cells (3 rows & 3 columns) below Matrix
A and Matrix B then in the formula bar we type in
3*(range of Matrix A) - 2*(range of Matrix b)
The following is the output matrix:
Activity - 6
• Aim:
Multiplication and Transpose of Matrices using Spreadsheet
• Material Required:
Laptop, MS-Excel software
• Procedure
(a) Multiplication of matrices
1. In the spreadsheet Type in two different matrices of order 2X3 & 3X2
and label it as Matrix E and Matrix F as shown
2. We then select an empty region of 4 cells (2 rows & 2 columns) below Matrix E
and Matrix F where by using the function ‘MMULT(range of E,range of F)’ in the
formula bar we obtain the output matrix.
(b)Transpose of a matrix:
1. In the spreadsheet Type in a matrix of order 2X3 and label it as Matrix G
2. We then select an empty region of 6 cells (3 rows & 2 columns) below Matrix G
and by using the function ‘TRANSPOSE(range of G)’ in the formula bar we obtain
the output matrix.
Activity - 7
• Aim:
Inverse and Determinant of Matrices using Spreadsheet
• Material Required:
Laptop, MS-Excel software
• Procedure
(a) Inverse of a matrix
1. In the spreadsheet Type in a matrix of order 3X3 and label it as Matrix I
2. We then select an empty region of 9 cells (3 rows & 3 columns) below Matrix I
and by using the function ‘MINVERSE(range of I)’ in the formula bar we obtain
the output matrix.
(b)Determinant of a matrix:
1. In the spreadsheet Type in a matrix of order 3X3 and label it as Matrix K
2. We then select an empty cell below Matrix K and by using the function
‘MDETERM(range of K)’ in the formula bar we obtain the output matrix.
