The Accountancy and Business Review

Vol. 13(1), January-June 2021

ISSN 0856-7263
Copyright ©2021
Author(s) retain the copyright of this article
www.journals.iaa.ac.tz

Assessment of Facilitating Conditions Influencing the Adoption of Students’

Information System in Higher Learning Institutions
Julius Sabas Dr. Thadei Kiwango
Informatics Department Informatics Department
Institute of Accountancy Arusha, Arusha, Tanzania Institute of Accountancy Arusha, Arusha, Tanzania
[email protected]/[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract
This research study aimed to assess facilitating conditions that influence the adoption of MOODLE system in higher learning institutions.
This research paper generally explores facilitating conditions influencing the adoption of MOODLE students’ information system by
measuring assistance with any system difficulties, system compatibility, and knowledge for system usage, required resources and
technical support. This study used a Simple random sampling technique to obtain a total of 97 respondents from a population of about
3,000 students of Institute of Accountancy Arusha (IAA); a questionnaire was used as a method of data collection and the analysis of
data involved the use of descriptive results that based on measured variables, the use of correlation analysis to determine relationship
between dependent and predictor variables, ANOVA was also used to test the significant fit of the model and also regression analysis
was conducted to show the significant relationship between the variables. Study findings revealed that 42.3% of the respondents agreed
that they usually get specific person to assist them with any system difficulties, 43.3% supported for compatibility of MOODLE system
being the same to the alternative platforms used to facilitate learning, 42.3% agreed to have enough knowledge on proper utilization of
the system, the same percentage 42.2% of the respondents agreed and at the same vein opposed that the institute provides required
resources for the adoption of MOODLE system. Additionally, 50.5% of the respondents agreed that the institute provides technical
support for the adoption of the system even when they are outside the campus. On the basis of findings for this study, facilitating
conditions influencing the adoption of MOODLE system encourage students in their learning environment as the challenges encountered
are urgently solved by responsible personnel. Based on these findings, students of higher learning institutions should acknowledge on
efforts made towards the assistance with any system difficulties, system compatibility, and knowledge for system usage, required
resources and technical support. However, the researcher proposes further studies to be carried out on similar study for the variables
found to be insignificant to the adoption of students’ information system in higher learning institutions that will result to sustainable
facilitation for students and the institutions of higher learning towards the adoption of MOODLE system.

Keywords: Assisting system difficulties, System compatibility, Knowledge for system utilization, required resources, Technical support.

use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to

I. Introduction conduct teaching and learning activities through the adoption of
Technological adoption across the world has affected the students’ information system such as MOODLE (AlQudah
institutions of higher learning in a way that has changed Ahmed, 2014). For smooth adoption of students’ information
learning and teaching styles. Higher learning institutions make system, there should be some facilitating conditions as stated

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by Mtebe & Raisamo (2014) who defined facilitating conditions reliable internet access that influence the adoption of students’
as the extent to which system users believe that technical information system for example THRDC (2020) advised mobile
infrastructures do exist in the institutions of higher learning to phone internet service providers to reduce internet and other
support them in their studies. The Institute of Accountancy service charges in light of Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in
Arusha (IAA) facilitate students through wired internet and Tanzania. Moreover, study findings by Joel S. Mtebe & Raphael
wireless communication as well as provision of other facilities (2017b) found that most of the students access MOODLE
like computer labs equipped with computers and network system by using their own resources like mobile phones and
resources. A research study conducted by Rumanyika & personal computers which can have positive influence for the
Mashenene (2015) strongly recommends that, the government adoption of students’ information system.
of Tanzania has to take several measures in particular to PROBLEM STATEMENT
support the complete adoption of students’ information system Tanzanian higher learning institutions use MOODLE system
in higher learning institutions by taking serious measures for for learning and teaching activities. MOODLE system uses
improving the ICT infrastructures. The Ministry of Education internet infrastructure to help students receive and make
and Vocational Training (MoEVT) prioritized development of submissions of assigned tasks at a given deadline. The
ICT in colleges by adding teaching and learning resources such institutions of higher learning were forced to move with
as computer through joint venture with the Swedish technological change by adopting students’ information system
International Development Agency (SIDA) (Chirwa, 2018). IAA to facilitate learning environment. The adoption of students’
students require technical supports from IT personnel information system is influenced by facilitating conditions well
responsible to the adoption of MOODLE system, Bhalalusesa defined by Kasse John Paul et al. (2015), as the extent to which
(2013) concluded that there should be assistance for MOODLE students believe that the institutions of higher learning and
users to help students solve the difficulties encountered during technical infrastructures are existing to provide support for the
adoption of the system . adoption of students’ information system. Studies have been
However study conducted by Joel (2015) suggests that for conducted to assess the influence of facilitating conditions for
higher learning institutions to achieve the desired benefits they the adoption of MOODLE system in higher learning institutions
have to make usage of technologies in learning and teaching in Tanzania. However, there are limited studies taken to
and have massive investment in these ICT projects. measure facilitating conditions for the adoption of students’
Additionally, research study conducted by Joel S. Mtebe & information system, therefore this study aimed to assess
Raphael (2017a) put a recommendation that for successful facilitating conditions based on the following measurable
adoption of students’ information system, the government of variables:
Tanzania and other partners should think on decreasing cost of i. Assistance with any system difficulties
internet usage to provide chance for the majority of MOODLE ii. System compatibility
users to get easier access since the adoption of this system iii. Knowledge for system usage
depends on powerful internet infrastructures. This idea is also iv. Required resources
supported by Joel S. Mtebe & Kondoro (2016) who specifically v. Technical support.
recommends that mobile phone companies should charge less
for internet users pursuing studies so that the majority can get

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 ii. Literature Review Moreover, literatures indicate that facilitating conditions

Higher learning institutions require facilitating conditions for produce a positive influence where there’s continuous intention

the adoption of students’ information system in higher learning of using MOODLE system (Lwoga & Komba, 2014), the same

institutions. Alwahaishi & Snášel (2013) defined facilitating study also argues that better perception of students for

conditions as the extent to which students in higher learning institutions’ ICT resources and the overall infrastructure helps to

institutions believe that the existence of ICT infrastructures in acquire continuous and speedy adoption of MOODLE system.

their learning environment support them for the adoption of A study by Azizi et al. (2020), suggests that for successful

MOODLE which help them to achieve their targets. adoption and implementation of students’ information system

This research paper extracted facilitating conditions from one under blended learning, there should be infrastructural

among the constructs of Unified Theory of Acceptancy and Use readiness for ICT, clear supportive policy and proper planning.

of Technology (UTAUT) to assess facilitating conditions that Another study taken by Tajudeen et al. (2015), strongly

influence the adoption of students’ information system in higher recommends for management support for successful adoption

learning institutions. This assessment was carried out by using of students’ information system in higher learning institutions.

measurable items; assistance with system difficulties, system Accordingly, prior studies recommend that the higher

compatibility, knowledge for system utilization, required learning institutions need to increase bandwidth for internet

resources and technical support access for students and staff given that MOODLE system

Accordingly, Raphael & Mtebe (2016), conducted study that adoption depends on internet infrastructures in particular for

recommends the use of mobile MOODLE system for the example by (Salhab, 2019) which on the other hand

adoption in higher learning institutions and this came into being emphasizes to improve the learning and teaching by increasing

given the majority of students and teachers possess smart MOODLE efficiency. MOODLE system provides students with

phones with reliable internet access. Arguably, study carried by real time support when they come to have anything that needs

Miadinovic & Xiang (2016) found that facilitating conditions clarifications from their module facilitators, concluded by

gives the necessary supports to students in pursuing their Amandu et al (2013) who also stated that MOODLE system

studies and also encourages students to adopt MOODLE for helps students to exchange information between one another

their common purposes through cat options.

Accordingly, the study conducted by Ekundayo (2019), found However, study by Cabero-Almenara et al. (2019), observed

that facilitating conditions have significance and actual that there’s low rate of responses regarding the activities that

influence for students’ behavioral intention to use the MOODLE involve the use of MOODLE platform and therefore the same

system and also the same study suggests that provision of study suggests that the institutions of higher learning should

technical and supportive infrastructures influence the have defined guidelines that govern the adoption of MOODLE

willingness of students to adopt MOODLE system for their systems in their institutions in presence of multiple factors.

consumptions. Another study aimed on monitoring students at Furthermore, previous studies delivered recommendations

university area was conducted by Sáiz-Manzanares et al. for the adoption of students’ information system. Study

2020), which later found that MOODLE system facilitates the conducted by Andrews & Daly (2008), recommends for

follow up of students’ participation in academic activities. provision of a get started guide at the homepage of the
MOODLE system that helps students to overcome the

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difficulties that may be encountered. The recommendation Cynthia; Osanloo & Azadeh (2014) recommend for the use of
made by Al-Azawei et al. (2016), requires the institutions of theoretical framework to guide research study, therefore this
higher learning to have systematic strategy that can be taken study selected facilitating conditions from among the UTAUT
for the implementation that leads to successful adoption of constructs to assess its influence for the adoption of MOODLE
MOODLE system. system in higher learning institutions based on the variables
iii. Methodology used to measure.

In this research paper, qualitative and quantitative research The researcher performed different data analysis based on

approach were used for data analysis and integration of the data obtained from the respondents. Consequently, this

research findings. The use of mixed approach in this study study followed a recommendation given by Ibrahim (2013), who

aimed at Assessing facilitating conditions that influence the states that after collecting questionnaires from your

adoption of students’ information system in higher learning respondents, a researcher is required to perform data cleaning

institutions that specifically based on five measurable variables and evaluation of the data collected. Therefore, this study used

which are well identified in the problem statement for this study. application software known as Statistical Package for Social

This research work selected IAA as the only one case study for Sciences (SPSS) v.16 to code the research data that enabled

this research work, with reason that the adoption of students’ the researcher to conduct data analysis from which the

information system facilitates students in acquiring their specific descriptive statistics were produced to indicate mean,

targets through receiving and submission of class frequency and standard deviation for the research findings.

assessments. This adoption attracts a research to assess The analysis also involved the use correlation statistical

facilitating conditions that result on the adoption of students’ model to determine the relationship that exists between

information system in higher learning institutions. variables; additionally, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and

This research work obtained required respondents by using Regression model were conducted for data analysis. According

sampling techniques whereby this study was taken under to Tan et al. (2008), this study used the significant value (P

probability and non-probability sampling that involved the use value) of the coefficient of regression and ANOVA that ranges

simple randomly and quota sampling recommended by at 0.000-0.05 to test the significant fit of the model. Multiple

Phrasisombath (2009). linear regression analysis was performed in this research study.

For easy analysis research data and interpretation of Bremer (2012), explains that regression analysis provides

findings, this study adopted questionnaire as a data collection description on how predictor variables X influence the

method which were prepared and then distributed to the sample dependent variable Y, likewise this study used research

size of 97 respondents. Megel & Heermann (2018) suggests findings to describe the way facilitating conditions influence the

that the use of questionnaire in research study helps a adoption of students’ information system in higher learning

researcher have a quickly way of collecting and analyzing the institutions.

research data. Furthermore, the researcher conducted validity and reliability

To adapt the items related to the adoption of MOODLE test. This study performed validity test for the field data that

students’ information system the researcher chose a UTAUT provided a Bartlett's Test of 0.796 found to be greater than 0.5.

model which was used to guide this research study. Grant & Therefore this implies that the field data were accurate and
valid according to the interpretation scale provided by Dansoh

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et al. (2017). This study collected data by adopting items used that research data have good internal consistency and
by Venkatesh et al. (2012), who is accepted by scholar and therefore the data can be used for decision making.
number of research studies for example study conducted by This research study conducted hypothesis testing. Journal &
Bervell & Umar (2017). Engineering (2015), suggest that a research study is required to
Additionally; the study specifically conducted reliability test perform hypothesis testing in order to determine a relationship
for facilitating conditions construct to measure the internal that exists between predictor and dependent variables. Being
consistency of the field data. The findings provided a the case, this research study conducted hypothesis testing to
Cronbach's Alpha 0.816 for facilitating conditions which is show the relationship between facilitating conditions and the
justified and scaled by Arfken & Balon (2011), who interpreted adoption of students’ information system in higher learning
institutions.
iv. Findings and Discussion Source: Field Data (2020)

This research paper performs data analysis based on the On the other hand, the study findings from table 1 above

data obtained from the sample of 97 respondents according to indicate that 38.1% of respondents were Ordinary Diploma level

their gender, their level of study and area of study. This study of study in their majority, 36.1% were Bachelor Degree and

targeted Certificate, Ordinary Diploma and Bachelor Degree 25.8% were Certificate level of study. These findings indicate

students of the Institute of Accountancy Arusha as the major that data were collected from respondents who are competent

respondents who were supplied with study questionnaires and and knowledgeable.

they were also given instructions on how to fill them correctly. Respondents were grouped according to their age group

The study findings from table 1 below depicts that the such that 14-17 in their minority were 3.1%, the majority of age

majority of the respondents were male 62.9% and female were group 18-21 were 51.5%, the age group 22-25 of the

37.1%. It is argued by Mutua (2015), that male are Information respondents were 40.2% and the respondents who were above

Technology (IT) dominant when the majority of respondents is 26 years were 5.2%. These findings indicate that the majority of

male consequently brings technological imbalance between the age group is 18-21 which implies that the data were

male and female. collected from the respondents who are matured which result to
increase in validity and reliability for the study.
Findings were drawn based on variables used to measure
facilitating conditions, therefore a total of five variables were
measured, indicated in table 2; assisting system difficulties,
System compatibility, Knowledge for system utilization, required
resources, and Technical support.
To assess facilitating conditions for the adoption of
MOODLE based on five measurable variables, respondents were
asked to rank them by putting a tick on the boxes provided
depending on their level of preference by using a five Likert scale
points from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree.

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 Study findings showed that the majority of the respondents indicate that the majority of the respondents 43.3% agreed or
46.3% disagreed or strongly disagreed that they real get strongly agreed that MOODLE system is not compatible to any
specific person to assist them for the case of difficulties other systems used to facilitate their learning. On the other
encountered. On the contrary, 42.3% of the respondents agree hand, 40.2% of the respondents disagreed or strongly
or strongly support that they get assistance from specific disagreed on compatibility of MOODLE system against the
person to assist them for any problem faced as far as the other ones and 16.5% of respondents neither agreed nor
system is concerned. This implies that students get assistance disagreed.
for the adoption of MOODLE system but not in their majority.
However, students also were asked to rank compatibility of
MOODLE system against other systems they might have been
using to facilitate their learning. Study findings in percentage

Table 2: Descriptive results based on measured variables to assess Facilitating conditions

Construct Measured Variables SD D NAD A SA Mean STD

I get specific person that assists me F 24 21 11 32 9 2.8 1.4

with any MOODLE system difficulties % 24.7 21.6 11.3 33 9.3
Compatibility of MOODLE Students’ F 10 29 16 33 9 3.0 1.2
information system is not the same with
the other systems I use in my study % 10.3 29.9 16.5 34 9.3
activities
Facilitating
I have the knowledge in utilizing the F 17 17 22 31 10 3.0 1.3
conditions
MOODLE % 17.5 17.5 22.7 32 10.3

I have the required resources in using F 14 27 14 24 17 3.0 1.4

MOODLE % 14.4 27.8 14.4 24.7 17.5

I get all technical supports while I am F 12 21 15 26 23 3.3 1.4

outside the institute % 12.4 21.6 15.5 26.8 23.7
Key: SD = strongly disagree, D = Disagree, NAD = Neither Agree nor Disagree, A = Agree, SA = Strongly
Agree, M = Mean, STD = Standard Deviation
Source: Field data (2020)

Furthermore, this study sought to assess facilitating the system. On the contrary, 35% of the respondents opposed
conditions by measuring the knowledge of respondents for the or strongly opposed that they have knowledge that enables
adoption of MOODLE system. The research findings revealed them to utilize the system to facilitate their learning while 22.7%
that the majority of respondents 42.3% agreed or strongly of the respondents were neutral.
supported that they have knowledge that helps them to adopt

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 Research findings as depicted in table 2 indicate that 42.2% majority of the respondents 50.5% agreed or strongly agreed
of the respondents in their majority supported or strongly that they are given technical support whenever they need while
supported that there are enough resources require facilitating they are outside the institute. On the other hand, 34% of the
the adoption of students’ information system, the same respondents opposed the statement as they disagreed or
percentage opposed the idea. strongly disagreed and 15.5% of the respondents were neutral.
The adoption of MOODLE system needs to be facilitated with Correlation Analysis
sustainable technical support. Therefore, the respondents were This research study performed correlation analysis to
asked to rank the level of technical support while they are determine the influence of facilitating conditions to the adoption
outside the campus and the research findings revealed that the of students’ information system in higher learning institutions.

Table 3: Correlation Analysis

adopt the System

intention to
Conditions
Facilitating

Behavioral
Facilitating Conditions Pearson Correlation 1 0.397
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000
N 97 97
Behavioral intention to adopt the System Pearson Correlation .397** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000
N 97 97
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Source: Field Data (2020)

The researcher conducted correlation analysis to find out the independent and dependent variables. Schober & Schwarte
existence of any relationship between facilitating conditions (2018) supports the measure of correlation coefficient r to
towards the adoption of students’ information system in higher determine the strength of facilitating conditions and the adoption of
learning institutions and the level of significance between students’ information system in higher learning institutions.
Table 3 indicates a Pearson correlation r to be 0.397 which is between facilitating conditions and the adoption of students’
interpreted by Wong & Hiew (2005) as a moderate relationship information system in higher learning institutions.
Regression Analysis model significantly fit at predicting the adoption of students’
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) information system in higher learning institutions.
ANOVA was used to test the overall fit of the model whereby the With the hypothesis testing, the multiple linear regression model
test is said to be significant at P value 0.000 – 0.05. The research shows that facilitating conditions has no significant relationship
findings indicate that the P value in the regression coefficient and with the adoption of students’ information system in higher
ANOVA ranges at 0.000 – 0.05 which indicates that the statistical learning institutions given that the significant value for facilitating

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conditions is 0.212 greater than 0.05 resulting to reject the in the extent of students to believe that the adoption of MOODLE
alternative hypothesis. system requires them to be facilitated by the measured items will
Furthermore, field data indicated that facilitating conditions has a increase the adoption of students’ information system in higher
regression coefficient of 0.086 which means that, a 100% increase learning institutions by 8.6%.
DISCUSSION
This research paper sought to assess facilitating conditions for the drawn by AL-Huseiny (2015), who found that alternative Learning
adoption of students’ information system in higher learning Management System other than MOODLE sometime face internet
institutions. problem caused by poor infrastructures and different number of
Study findings revealed that the majority of the respondents did technical problems. LENGYEL et al. (2006), concludes that
not support on getting assistance when facing system difficulties MOODLE system is suitable and the best if the higher learning
that hinder the adoption as depicted in figure 1 that pictorially institution have this system set up and run on their own platforms
indicates the vast majority of the respondents who agreed or and servers.
disagreed the given view. In relation to facilitating conditions
Ivanović et al. (2013), found that MOODLE difficulties can be With regard to the knowledge of the respondents in using
encountered by replacing the older version of the system with the MOODLE, the majority of the respondents agreed that they have
latest one. Additionally, study conducted by Suppasetseree & knowledge to use the system and the minority of the respondents
Dennis (2010), suggests that MOODLE users are required to not did not support on having knowledge to use the system. A study
afraid as they face any system difficulties, instead they can just made by Suppasetseree & Dennis (2010a), establish that the 96%
contact with system specialists for some help or suggestions of the respondents agreed that they have knowledge in using
depending with what has happened. MOODLE system to facilitate their learning activities. Additionally,
studies conducted on the areas of students’ system adoption for
example Gunduz & Ozcan (2017), recommends that higher
learning institutions should create awareness as well as
conducting training for MOODLE users in order to impart enough
knowledge for system utilization.

Furthermore, this research study shows to have the same

percentage of respondents in totality to agree and disagree that
they have required resources that facilitate them to adopt
MOODLE system as shown in figure 2.

Source: Field data (2020)

Generally, students’ information system is not compatible to the
other learning systems. The majority of the respondents support
that the compatibility of MOODLE system is quite different from
other learning management system. This is in line with the findings

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 found that 97% of the respondents agreed that they have enough
resources that facilitate them to adopt students’ information
system in their college. These findings imply that specific
resources play a major role in influencing the adoption of
MOODLE system in higher learning institutions.
This study also sought to assess facilitating conditions by ranking
the level of technical support for students while they are outside
the campus. The research findings disclosed that the significant
majority of the respondents agreed on being facilitated and
supported for any technical support that may be encountered.
However, the research findings by AlQudah Ahmed (2014),
Source: Field data (2020) concludes that technical support for facilitating the adoption of
The adoption of students’ information system is influenced by students’ information system, creates positive influence for both
specific resources that may be required to facilitate learning for perceived usefulness and perceived ease usage of students’
students, research study by Chokri (2012), concludes that ICT information system, studies also recommends reliable internet
expertise to learners is one of the required resources as well as access to students that supports every student in the institution of
creating proper resources adopted by online facilitators. On the higher learning to perform learning activities in this online platform
other hand a research study by Suppasetseree & Dennis (2010b), (Ziraba et al., 2020).

v. Conclusion the adoption of MOODLE system requires specific resources;

This study aimed to assess facilitating conditions influencing the study findings show that higher learning institutions need to invest

adoption of students’ information system in higher learning on ICT expertise in influencing the adoption and also the study

institutions. The findings for this study based on five measurable findings indicate that technical support for the adoption of

variables used to rank students’ assistance with any system MOODLE system was found to have positive influence for

difficulties, system compatibility, and knowledge for system usage, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use.

required resources and technical support. Research findings The correlation analysis for this study indicates that the correlation

revealed that the adoption of MOODLE system is influenced by coefficient for facilitating conditions is r=0.397 which indicates a

facilitating conditions, whereby the respondents agreed that they moderate relationship between facilitating conditions and the

get assistance in case of any system difficulties, on the other hand adoption of students’ information system in higher learning

the respondents in their level of preference agreed that the institutions.

compatibility of MOODLE system is not the same with the vi. Recommendation
alternative systems used for learning purposes and therefore This research paper recommends the following:
previous studies recommend replacing for the use of latest version • For successful adoption of MOODLE system, the institutes
of MOODLE system to meet compatibility issues, additionally, the of higher learning should provide technical support
findings disclosed that students have knowledge to use the through her competent and reliable IT personnel.
system as a result of training offered by the institute, furthermore,

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