5

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1 (a) Define velocity.
1 (a) Define velocity.
...................................................................................................................................................
Physical Quantities and units and uncertainties.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
1. The speed v of a sound wave through a gas of pressure P and density ρ is given by the
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The speed v of a sound wave through a gas of pressure P and density ρ is given by the
equation
equation
(b) The speed v of a sound wave through a gas of pressure P and density ρ is given by the
equation kP
v= ρ
v= kP
where k is a constant that has no units. ρ
where k is a constant that has no units.
where k is a constant that has no units.
An experiment is performed to determine the value of k. The data from the experiment are
shown An experiment
in Fig. 1.1. is performed to determine the value of k. The data from the experiment are
An experiment
shown in Fig. is performed
1.1. to determine the value of k. The data from the experiment are
shown in Fig. 1.1.
quantity value uncertainty
quantity
v 102 m s−1
3.3 × value uncertainty
± 3%
Pv 3.3 1024m
9.9 ×× 10 Pas−1 ±±2%
3%
ρP 1.29 m4−3
9.9 ×kg10 Pa ±±4%
2%
ρ 1.29 kg m−3 ± 4%
Fig. 1.1

(i) Use data from Fig. 1.1 to calculateFig.

k. 1.1
(i) Use data from Fig. 1.1 to calculate k.
(i) Use data from Fig. 1.1 to calculate k.

k = .......................................................... [2]

(ii) Use k = .......................................................... [2]

k =your answer in (b)(i) and data from Fig.
.......................................................... [2] 1.1 to determine the value of k, with its
absolute uncertainty, to an appropriate number of significant figures.
(ii) Use your answer in (b)(i) and data from Fig. 1.1 to determine the value of k, with its
(ii) Use your
absolute answerto
uncertainty, in an
(b)(i) and data number
appropriate from Fig.of1.1 to determine
significant figures.the value of k, with its

absolute uncertainty, to an appropriate number of significant figures.

k = .......................................k±=.......................................
.......................................[3]
± ....................................... [3]

9702/21/M/J/19 Q1 k = ....................................... ± .......................................

[Total: 6] [3]

[Total: 6]
UCLES 2019 9702/21/M/J/19 [Turn over

© UCLES 2019 9702/21/M/J/19 [Turn over

 5
2 (a) (i) State the SI base units of volume.
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. For
Examiner’s
Use

(a) (i) State the SI base units of volume.

base units
base of volume
units .................................................
of volume [1]
................................................. [1]

(ii) (ii)units
Show that the SI base Show of that the SIare
pressure base units
kg m of. pressure are kg m–1 s–2.
–1 s–2

[1]

(b) The volume V of liquid thatvolume

(b) The flows through a pipe
V of liquid thatinflows
timethrough
t is given
a by the
pipe inequation
time t is given by the equation

V Pr 4
=
t 8Cl

where difference
where P is the pressure P is the pressure
betweendifference
the ends between theofends
of the pipe ofrthe
radius andpipe l.
of radius
length r and length l.
The constant C depends on the frictional effects of the liquid.
The constant C depends on the frictional effects of the liquid. Determine the base units
Determine the baseof units
C. of C.

base units of C ................................................. [3]

9702/21/M/J/12 Q1

base units of C ................................................. [3]

 5

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. For

Examiner’s
1 The volume V of liquid
3 The volume V offlowing in time
liquid flowing t through
in a pipe of
time t through radius
a pipe of rradius
is given
r isbygiven by the equation Use
the equation
5
where P is the pressure difference V betweenPr 4the ends of the pipe of length l, and C depends on
the frictional effectsAnswer
of the liquid. =
all the tquestions
8Cl in the spaces provided. For
Examiner’s
1 The
where volume
An experiment
P is V ofisliquid
the pressure flowing
performed
difference
toindetermine
time t through
between the endsa of
C. The pipe
theofpipe
radius
measurements r is given
made
of length byshown
are
l, and thedepends
C equation
in Fig. 1 .1 . Use
on the frictional effects of the liquid.
V Pr 4
=
An experiment is performed to determine C.tThe measurements
8Cl made are shown in Fig. 1.1.

where P is the pressure difference between the ends of the pipe of length l, and C depends
on theVfrictional effects of the liquid.
3 N m–2
/ 10–6 m3 s–1 P / 10 r / mm l /m
t
An experiment is performed to determine C. The measurements made are shown in Fig. 1.1.
1.20 ± 0.01 2.50 ± 0.05 0.75 ± 0.01 0.250 ± 0.001

V Fig.
3 N 1.1
/ 10–6 m3 s–1 P / 10 m–2 r / mm l /m
t
(a) Calculate the value of C.
(a) Calculate the±value
1.20 0.01 of C. 2.50 ± 0.05 0.75 ± 0.01 0.250 ± 0.001

Fig. 1.1

(a) Calculate the value of C.

C = ..................................... Nsm–2 [2]

(b) Calculate the uncertainty in C.

C = ..................................... N s m–2 [2]

(b) Calculate the uncertainty in C.

C = ..................................... N s m–2 [2]

(b) Calculate the uncertainty in C.

uncertainty = ..................................... Nsm–2 [3]

uncertainty = ..................................... N s m–2 [3]

(c) State the value of C and its uncertainty to the appropriate number of significant figures.
C = ........................................... ± ........................................... N s m–2 [1 ]

9702/22/M/J/12 Q1
uncertainty = ..................................... N s m–2 [3]

(c) State the value of C and its uncertainty to the appropriate number of significant figures.
C = ........................................... ± ........................................... N s m–2 [1]
 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) Show that the S base units of power are kg m2 s–3.

4 (a) Show that the SI base units of power are kg m2 s–3.

[3]
Q !
(b) The rate
(b)of
Theflow of thermal
rate of flow ofenergy in a material
thermal energy in a is given by
material is given by
t "

Q CAT
=
t x

wherewhere
A is the cross-sectional area of the material,
T is the temperature difference across the thickness of the material,
A xisisthe
thecross-sectional
thickness of the material,
area of the material,
C the
T is is a temperature
constant. difference across the thickness of the material, x is the thickness of the
material,
Determine
C is athe S base units of C.
constant.

Determine the SI base units of C.

base units .......................................................... [4]

9702/22/M/J/14 Q1
base units .......................................................... [4]

© UCLES 2014 9702/22/M/J/14

 5
5
2 A coin is made in the shape of a thin cylinder, as shown in Fig. 2.1.
s made in the shape of a is
5. A coin thin cylinder,
made in theasshape
shownofina Fig.
thin 2.1.
cylinder, as shown in Fig. 2.1.
diameter
diameter

thickness
thickness

Fig. 2.1
Fig. 2.1
Fig. 2.2 shows the measurements made in order to determine the density of the material used to
make Fig.
the2.2 shows the measurements made in order to determine the density r of the material used
coin.
shows the measurements made in order to determine the density of the material used to
to make the coin.
e coin.
quantity measurement uncertainty
quantity measurement
mass 9.6 g uncertainty ± 0.5 g
mass thickness 9.6 g 2.00 mm ± 0.5 g ± 0.01 mm
thickness diameter2.00 mm ± 0.01 mm
22.1 mm ± 0.1 mm
diameter 22.1 mm ± 0.1 mm
Fig. 2.2
Fig. 2.2
(a) (a)
Calculate thethe
density –3. –3
Calculate densityinr kg
in m
kg m .
culate the density in kg m .–3

(b) (i) Calculate the percentage uncertainty in r. = ...............................................kg m–3 [3]

= ...............................................kg m–3 [3]
(b) (i) Calculate the percentage uncertainty in .
Calculate the percentage uncertainty in .

percentage uncertainty = ......................................................... [3]

(ii) State the value of r withpercentage uncertainty = ......................................................... [3]

its actual uncertainty.
percentage uncertainty = ......................................................... [3]
r(ii)= ........................................................
State the value of with its actual uncertainty. ± ........................................... kg m–3 [1]
State the value of with its actual uncertainty.
9702/22/M/J/14 Q2
= ........................................................ ± ........................................... kg m–3 [1]
= ........................................................ ± ........................................... kg m–3 [1]
 4 4

AnswerAnswer all the questions

all the questions in the spaces
in the spaces provided.
provided.

(a)1 State
(a) two
State
6 (a) two
baseStwo
S State base quantities
quantities
SI base other other
than thanlength
mass,
quantities other mass, length
and
than mass, and time.
time.
length and time.

1. ...............................................................................................................................................
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
1. ...............................................................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................................[2]
[2] [2]
(b) A beam is clamped at one end and an object X is attached to the other end of the beam, as
(b) A isbeam
(b) A beam is clamped
clamped at one
at one end andend
an and an Xobject
object X is attached
is attached to theend
to the other other endbeam,
of the of the as
beam, as
shown in Fig. 1.1.
shown shown in Fig. 1.1.
in Fig. 1.1.

l l

oscillation
oscillation
of X of X

clamp clamp beam beam object Xobject X

Fig. 1.1Fig. 1.1

The object
The X is made to oscillate vertically.
The object
object X
X is
is made
made toto oscillate
oscillate vertically.
vertically.
The time period T of the oscillations is given by
The time period
The time T of theToscillations
period is givenisby
of the oscillations given by

Ml 3 Ml 3
T=K T=K
E E

where where
M is the MMmass
is theof
is the X, of
mass
mass of X,
X,
ll is
is the
the length
length between
l is thebetween the clamp
length between
the clamp and
theand X, and X,
clamp
X,
E is the
E is theEYoungYoung modulus
is the Young
modulus of the
modulus material
of the material of
of the
the beam
of the material of the Kbeam
beam is a constant.
and and K is a constant.
K is a constant.
and –1 –2
(i) 1. (i)Show 1. that
Show thethat
S base
the Sunits
baseofunits
the Young
of themodulus are kg m
Young modulus areskg.m–1 s–2.
(i) 1. Show that the SI base units of the Young modulus are kg m–1 s–2.

2. Determine the SI base units of K.

SI base units of K .......................................................... [2] [1]

[1]

UCLES 2015 9702/21/O/N/15

© UCLES 2015 9702/21/O/N/15
 S base units of K .......................................................... [2]

(ii)(ii) Data
Data in
in SSI units
units for
forthe
theoscillations
oscillationsof
ofXXare
areshown
shownininFig.
Fig.1.2.
1.2.

quantity value uncertainty

T 0.45 ± 2.0%
l 0.892 ± 0.2%
M 0.2068 ± 0.1%
K 1.48 × 105 ± 1.5%

Fig. 1.2

Calculate
Calculate E and
E and its actual
its actual uncertainty.
uncertainty.

E = ..................................... ± ..................................... kg m–1 s–2 [4]

9702/21/O/N/15 Q1

E = ..................................... ± ..................................... kg m–1 s–2 [4]

© UCLES 2015 9702/21/O/N/15 [Turn over

 4

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. For

Examiner’s
Use

1 A simple pendulum may be used to determine a value for the acceleration of free fall g.
Measurements are made of the length L of the pendulum and the period T of oscillation.

The values obtained, with their uncertainties, are as shown.

T = (1.93 ± 0.03) s
L = (92 ± 1) cm

(a) Calculate the percentage uncertainty in the measurement of

(i) the period T,

uncertainty = ............................................ % [1]

(ii) the length L.

uncertainty = ............................................ % [1]

© UCLES 2009 9702/22/O/N/09

 5

(b) The relationship between T, L and g is given by For

Examiner’s
4!2L Use
g= .
T2

Using your answers in (a), calculate the percentage uncertainty in the value of g.

uncertainty = ............................................ % [1]

(c) The values of L and T are used to calculate a value of g as 9.751 m s–2.

(i) By reference to the measurements of L and T, suggest why it would not be correct
to quote the value of g as 9.751 m s–2.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Use your answer in (b) to determine the absolute uncertainty in g.

Hence state the value of g, with its uncertainty, to an appropriate number of

significant figures.

g = .......................... ± ........................ m s–2 [2]

© UCLES 2009 9702/22/O/N/09 [Turn over

 5

2 The time T for a satellite to orbit the Earth is given by For

3 Examiner’s
T= c KR m Use
M
where R is the distance of the satellite from the centre of the Earth,
M is the mass of the Earth,
and K is a constant.

(a) Determine the S base units of K.

S base units of K ................................................ [2]

(b) Data for a particular satellite are given in Fig. 2.1.

quantity measurement uncertainty

T 8.64 × 104 s ± 0.5%
R 4.23 × 107 m ± 1%
M 6.0 × 1024 kg ± 2%

Fig. 2.1

Calculate K and its actual uncertainty in S units.

K = ....................................... ± .................................... S units [4]

© UCLES 2013 9702/23/O/N/13 [Turn over

 4

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) Mass, length and time are SІ base quantities.

State two other base quantities.

1. ..............................................................................................................................................

2. ..............................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) A mass m is placed on the end of a spring that is hanging vertically, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

spring

mass m

Fig. 1.1

The mass is made to oscillate vertically. The time period of the oscillations of the mass is T.

The period T is given by

m
T=C
k

where C is a constant and k is the spring constant.

Show that C has no units.

[3]

© UCLES 2014 9702/21/O/N/14

 5

2 (a) Define pressure.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A cylinder is placed on a horizontal surface, as shown in Fig. 2.1.

diameter

cylinder

Fig. 2.1

The following measurements were made on the cylinder:

mass = 5.09 ± 0.01 kg

diameter = 9.4 ± 0.1 cm.

(i) Calculate the pressure produced by the cylinder on the surface.

pressure = .................................................... Pa [3]

(ii) Calculate the actual uncertainty in the pressure.

actual uncertainty = .................................................... Pa [3]

(iii) State the pressure, with its actual uncertainty.

pressure = ........................................... ± ........................................... Pa [1]

© UCLES 2014 9702/21/O/N/14 [Turn over

 5

2 The time T for a satellite to orbit the Earth is given by For

3 Examiner’s
T= c KR m Use
M
where R is the distance of the satellite from the centre of the Earth,
M is the mass of the Earth,
and K is a constant.

(a) Determine the S base units of K.

S base units of K ................................................ [2]

(b) Data for a particular satellite are given in Fig. 2.1.

quantity measurement uncertainty

T 8.64 × 104 s ± 0.5%
R 4.23 × 107 m ± 1%
M 6.0 × 1024 kg ± 2%

Fig. 2.1

Calculate K and its actual uncertainty in S units.

K = ....................................... ± .................................... S units [4]

© UCLES 2013 9702/23/O/N/13 [Turn over

 5

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) (i) Define pressure.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Show that the SI base units of pressure are kg m–1 s–2.

[1]

(b) Gas flows through the narrow end (nozzle) of a pipe. Under certain conditions, the mass m of
gas that flows through the nozzle in a short time t is given by
m
= kC P
t
where k is a constant with no units,
C is a quantity that depends on the nozzle size,
is the density of the gas arriving at the nozzle,
P is the pressure of the gas arriving at the nozzle.

Determine the base units of C.

base units ...........................................................[3]

[Total: 5]

© UCLES 2016 9702/22/O/N/16 [Turn over

 5

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) Define density.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The mass m of a metal sphere is given by the expression

d3
m=
6
where is the density of the metal and d is the diameter of the sphere.

Data for the density and the mass are given in Fig. 1.1.

quantity value uncertainty

8100 kg m–3 ± 5%
m 7.5 kg ± 4%

Fig. 1.1

(i) Calculate the diameter d.

d = ...................................................... m [1]

(ii) Use your answer in (i) and the data in Fig. 1.1 to determine the value of d, with its
absolute uncertainty, to an appropriate number of significant figures.

d = .............................. ± .............................. m [3]

[Total: 5]

© UCLES 2016 9702/23/O/N/16 [Turn over