Artificial Intelligence Book 10 Part B

Unit 1: AI Project Cycle & Ethical Frameworks

Worksheet 1
Objective Type Questions

A. Multiple choice questions.

1. Which of the following is an example of value-based ethical framework?
a) Healthcare AI Act
b) Finance AI Regulation
c) Virtue Ethics
d) Government Compliance Model.
2. What is the purpose of defining the problem statement during the Problem Scoping stage
in an AI project cycle?
a) To collect data
b) To understand the aim and objective of the project
c) To train the model
d) To process data
3. In what ways can AI models be categorized based on the type of data fed into them?
a) Two domains
b) Four domains
c) Three domains
d) Five domains
4. Rohit works for a startup that uses AI to understand customer feedback and trends from
the data collected. His job is to examine the collected information and make sense of
patterns to help improve product decisions.
This is an example of:
a) Generating large datasets
b) Analysing data to extract insights
c) Converting data into images
d) Distributing data across networks
5. What is the main goal of Computer Vision projects?
a) Translating audio data into visual descriptions
b) Converting digital data into analogue signals
c) Teaching machines to understand textual information
d) Converting digital visual data into computer-readable language
6. What is the primary focus of NLP?
a) Analysing computer languages
b) Interacting between computers and humans using artificial language
c) Dealing with the interaction between computers and humans using natural language
d) Enhancing human-to-human communication

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Artificial Intelligence Book 10 Part B

7. A group of students were working on an AI project but felt confused about how to start
solving the problem. Their teacher introduced them to a structured method that helped
them break the problem into smaller parts and solve it one step at a time.
What does this method represent?
a) Random solutions
b) Step-by-step guidance
c) Legal advice
d) Ethical justifications
8. How are Ethical Frameworks for AI categorized?
a) Into legal and illegal frameworks
b) Into sector-based and value-based frameworks
c) Into historical and contemporary frameworks
d) Into theoretical and practical frameworks
9. What is the central focus of virtue-based value-based frameworks?
a) Maximizing utility
b) Protecting human rights
c) Aligning actions with ethical principles and beliefs
d) Ensuring compliance with legal regulations
10. Which of the following best describes rights-based value-based frameworks?
a) Prioritizing human rights and dignity, valuing human life over other considerations
b) Evaluating actions based on maximizing overall good and minimizing harm
c) Centering on the character of the decision-maker and the alignment of actions with
personal or societal virtues
d) Focusing on achieving outcomes that offer the greatest benefit
11. What is the primary domain of application for Bioethics?
a) Agriculture
b) Healthcare and life sciences
c) Information technology
d) Environmental conservation

B. Assertion-Reasoning/Statement-based questions.
12. Assertion(A): Ethics provide guidance in distinguishing right from wrong.
Reasoning(A): Ethics consist of a set of values and morals that aid individuals in making
moral judgments and decisions.
a) Both Assertion and Reasoning are true, and Reasoning is the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
b) Assertion is true, but Reasoning is false.
c) Both Assertion and Reasoning are true, but Reasoning is not the correct explanation of
the Assertion.
d) Assertion is false, but Reasoning is true.

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Artificial Intelligence Book 10 Part B

13. Assertion (A): Justice in bioethics ensures fair distribution of healthcare resources.
Reason (R): Justice promotes treating everyone equally regardless of need.
a) Both Assertion and Reasoning are true, and Reasoning is the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
b) Assertion is true, but Reasoning is false.
c) Both Assertion and Reasoning are true, but Reasoning is not the correct explanation of
the Assertion.
d) Assertion is false, but Reasoning is true.
14. Statement 1: Statistical data analysis helps in predicting future outcomes by learning from
patterns in existing data.
Statement 2: Statistical data analysis is only used to store large datasets securely.
a) Both statements are correct
b) Only Statement 1 is correct
c) Only Statement 2 is correct
d) Both statements are incorrect

C. Picture-based question.
15. Observe the images below and identify which image does NOT represent an application of
Computer Vision:

a) b)

c) d)

(✓ )

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Artificial Intelligence Book 10 Part B

Unit 1: AI Project Cycle & Ethical Frameworks

Worksheet 2
Subjective Type Questions

A. Short answer type questions.

[01] Mark Questions
1. What are the three domains of AI?
Ans: Statistical Data, Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing
2. Name any two examples of Computer vision.
Ans: Self-driving automobiles, Surveillance systems
3. Based on the image below, choose the correct domain or domains of AI required for it:

a. Data
b. NLP
c. Computer Vision
d. Both (a) and (b)
4. Name all the stages of an AI Project cycle.
Ans: AI Project Cycle stages:
Problem Scoping
Data Acquisition
Data Exploration
Modeling
Evaluation
Deployment
5. Name the 4Ws of problem canvases under the problem scoping stage of the AI Project Cycle.
Ans: Who, What, Where, Why

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Artificial Intelligence Book 10 Part B

Two [02] Mark Questions

6. What is statistical data? Give an example of this.

Ans: Statistical data is a domain of AI that focuses on data systems and processes. In this
domain, the system collects large amounts of data, maintains datasets, and derives
meaningful insights from them. For example: a company that has petabytes of user data may
use data science to develop effective ways to store, manage, and analyse the data.

7. What is Computer Vision? Give an example of it.

Ans: Computer Vision (CV) is a domain of AI that enables computers to perceive and analyse
visual information (like photos and videos), and then make decisions from it the same way as
humans do. The process involves acquiring images or videos, screening, analysing,
identifying, and extracting relevant information. For example, Self-driving cars/ automatic
cars.
8. What is Natural Language Processing? Give an example of it.
Ans: Natural language refers to the spoken and written communication used by people, and
NLP utilises advanced algorithms to extract meaningful information from text and speech.
For example, email filters and smart assistants.
9. Where do we collect data from?
Ans: Data can be collected from various sources like surveys, sensors, observations, web
scraping, APIs, and camera.

10. Why do we need to collect data?

Ans: Data is the fuel for AI algorithms. This data will serve as the foundation of your project,
helping you understand the key parameters related to problem scoping. When you want AI
systems to make predictions, you need to use data to train them. Since this data forms the
base of your project, care must be taken to ensure that the data is collected from reliable
and authentic sources.

B. Long answer type questions.

Four [04] mark Questions

1. Outline the main steps in the AI Project Cycle briefly.

Ans: The AI project cycle primarily consists of six stages, where each stage involves careful
planning and execution to design and deploy AI solutions.

Problem scoping is the first stage of the AI project cycle where the problem that you want AI
to solve is identified and defined. It includes precisely outlining the issues, defining them
explicitly, identifying their causes, and developing a plan to fix them. The 4Ws framework

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Artificial Intelligence Book 10 Part B

helps in systematically scoping the problem. It consists of four crucial parameters that you
need to know while solving a problem: Who? What? Where? Why?
Data acquisition is the second stage of the AI project cycle. This stage focuses on collecting
the relevant data required for the AI system.
Data exploration is the third stage of the AI project cycle. This stage involves analysing the
collected data to interpret patterns, trends,
and relationships.
Modelling is the fourth stage of AI project cycle. At this stage, you select and train an
appropriate data model using the data that has been collected and explored with the goal of
achieving the objectives of the AI project.
Evaluation is the fifth stage of the AI project cycle. Once modelling is complete, the model
must be tested on newly fetched data. This stage includes comparing the model's results
with expected outcomes to assess accuracy, reliability, and overall performance.
Deployment is the sixth and last stage of the AI project cycle. The model is made accessible
to users or other systems to achieve the project’s objectives, ensuring it delivers maximum
value and impact to users and stakeholders.

2. What roles does computer vision play in agricultural monitoring systems?

Ans: Computer vision helps in agriculture by analysing crops, soil, and farming conditions
using AI-powered image recognition. It enables crop health detection, weed identification,
yield prediction, and soil moisture assessment. Drones and sensors capture images to detect
diseases, optimise irrigation, and improve harvesting efficiency. This technology enhances
productivity, reduces resource wastage, and supports data-driven farming decisions.

3. Mention the key characteristics of sector-based frameworks.

Ans: Sector-based frameworks are designed specifically for particular sectors or industries,
addressing the unique ethical challenges within each. In AI, a well-known sector-based
framework is Bioethics, which focuses on ethical issues in healthcare. It tackles issues
including patient privacy, data security, and the responsible use of AI in medical decision
making.

4. What do you mean by Bioethics? Explain any two fundamental principles of Bioethics.
Ans: Bioethics is an ethical framework that addresses ethical issues related to life sciences,
healthcare, and medical research. Bioethics aims to guide professionals, policymakers, and
society in making moral decisions when it comes to issues such as patient rights, medical
treatments, research ethics, and the use of new technologies in medicine. Bioethics is guided
by several fundamental principles that help professionals make ethical decisions.
Two of them are:
Beneficence: Beneficence refers to the ethical obligation to act in the best interests of
others, promoting their well-being and providing benefits. This principle emphasises
taking actions that produce positive outcomes and contribute to the overall good, ensuring
that the greatest benefit is achieved for all stakeholders involved.

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 Artificial Intelligence Book 10 Part B

Justice: Justice in bioethics refers to fairness and the equitable distribution of healthcare
resources and services. It ensures that all individuals, regardless of their background, have
equal access to healthcare and treatment. The principle of justice also involves addressing
disparities in healthcare systems and ensuring that vulnerable populations are not exploited
or neglected.

5. How do value-based frameworks contribute to ethical decision-making by emphasizing

fundamental principles and values?
Ans: Value-based frameworks are grounded in fundamental ethical values and principles that
guide decision-making based on what is considered ethically right or wrong, regardless of the
sector or industry. They are concerned with evaluating the moral worth of actions and
guiding ethical behaviour. Value-based frameworks can be further classified into three
categories:
Right-based: It prioritises the protection of human rights and dignity, placing human life
above other considerations.
Utility-based: It evaluates decisions based on the principle of maximising overall happiness
or well-being.
Virtue-based: It focuses on the character and intentions of the decision makers rather than
consequences of their actions.

C. Case-Based Questions
1. In a corporate setting, a multinational company is facing scrutiny over its environmental
practices, particularly regarding the disposal of industrial waste. The company has historically
prioritized profit maximization and cost-cutting measures, leading to practices that result in
environmental harm and negative impacts on local communities. As public awareness and
concern about environmental sustainability grow, stakeholders, including investors, customers,
and advocacy groups, are calling for the company to adopt more responsible and sustainable
business practices.
Question: Drawing from the case presented, analyse the ethical considerations surrounding
the company's environmental practices through the lens of value-based frameworks in
ethics.
Ans: In the given scenario, the multinational company prioritizes profit over environmental
responsibility, leading to negative consequences for local communities. This raises several
ethical concerns:
Rights-Based Ethics: The company's actions infringe upon the basic rights of the local
communities to clean water, air, and a healthy environment. A rights-based framework would
argue that no business goal justifies violating these fundamental human rights.
Utility-Based Ethics (Utilitarianism): This framework assesses actions based on overall
happiness or well-being. While the company might be maximizing short-term profit, the long-
term harm caused to the environment and community health outweighs the benefits. Thus, the
practice is ethically unjustified.

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 Artificial Intelligence Book 10 Part B

Virtue-Based Ethics: This evaluates the moral character behind actions. Prioritizing profit while
ignoring environmental damage reflects a lack of ethical responsibility, compassion, and
sustainability—traits that a virtuous company would uphold.

2. Meena is developing a chatbot that helps students prepare for their board exams. The chatbot
must understand student queries typed in everyday language and respond accurately. She uses
techniques like text classification and stop word removal. However, while testing, she notices
the chatbot often fails to understand queries that include emotional expressions like “I’m
nervous” or “I hate this subject”. Her mentor suggests adding sentiment analysis to improve the
chatbot’s responses.

Question: Based on the above case, answer the following:

(i) Which NLP technique can help the chatbot understand emotional expressions?
(ii) Give two examples of emotional statements a student might type.
(iii) What is the purpose of removing stop words in NLP?
(iv) How can sentiment analysis make the chatbot more helpful to students?

Ans:
(i) Sentiment Analysis
(ii) “I’m feeling scared about the exam”, “I don’t understand anything”
(iii) Stop word removal helps eliminate common, less meaningful words (like “the”, “is”) so
that the model can focus on important keywords in the input.
(iv) Sentiment analysis allows the chatbot to detect emotions and respond in a more
supportive and empathetic manner, improving student experience.

3. A hospital in a smart city has adopted an AI-based diagnostic system to identify diseases like
cancer and diabetes at early stages. The system collects data from patients and gives doctors
predictions about disease risks. However, patients are concerned about their data privacy and
how the system is making decisions. Some fear the AI might replace doctors. The hospital's
ethics board is evaluating the situation from a bioethical perspective before expanding its use.

Question: Based on the case above, answer the following:

(i) Identify two principles of bioethics involved in this scenario.
(ii) How does respect for autonomy apply to the patients here?
(iii) Why is non-maleficence important in the use of such AI systems?
(iv) Suggest one way to ensure ethical use of patient data in AI diagnostics.

Ans:
(i) The two relevant bioethics principles are: Respect for Autonomy and Non-maleficence.
(ii) Respect for autonomy means patients should be informed and have control over whether
or not their data is used, and how.
(iii) Non-maleficence ensures that the AI does not cause harm—e.g., by giving false predictions
or compromising patient trust.
(iv) Hospitals can ensure ethical use of data by implementing informed consent procedures and
securing data with strong privacy policies.

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