SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.

Page 1 Saturday, July 19, 2025

Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 2 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 3 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 4 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 5 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 6 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 7 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 8 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 9 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 10 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 11 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 12 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 13 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 14 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 15 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 16 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 17 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 18 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 19 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 20 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 21 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 22 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 23 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 24 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 25 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 26 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 27 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 28 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 29 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 30 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 31 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 32 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 33 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 34 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 35 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 36 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 37 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 38 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 39 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 40 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 41 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 42 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 43 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 44 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCC Online Web Edition, © 2025 EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
Page 45 Saturday, July 19, 2025
Printed For: M. B. Nargund Associates
SCC Online Web Edition: https://www.scconline.com
TruePrint™ source: Supreme Court Cases, © 2025 Eastern Book Company. The text of this version of
this judgment is protected by the law declared by the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B.
Modak, (2008) 1 SCC 1 paras 61, 62 & 63.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------