University of Technology

Department of Communication Engineering

2nd Semester Final Exam. 2016-2017
Divisions: (Wireless) & (Optical) Comm. Eng. Sys. Year: Second
Subject: Electromagnetic Fields II Time: 3 Hrs.
Examiner: Dr. Haydar Al-Tamimi Date: / / 2017

Note: Answer Only five Questions

Q1) [12 Marks]
(a) The two conducting planes illustrated in Figure below are defined by 0.001 < 𝜌 < 0.120 m, 0 <
𝑧 < 0.1 m, 𝜑 = 0.179 and 0.188 rad. The medium surrounding the planes is air. For region 1, 0.179 <
∅ < 0.188, neglect fringing and find: (i) 𝑉(∅), (ii) 𝐄(𝜌), (iii) 𝐃(𝜌), (iv) 𝜌𝑆 .

(b) Calculate the mutual inductance per unit length between two coaxial solenoids of radius 𝜌1 = 1
cm and 𝜌2 = 2 cm, with 𝑁1 = 80 and 𝑁2 = 100 turns/cm, respectively. Also, find the inductance per
unit length for each coaxial.

Q2) [12 Marks]

(a) Two semi-infinite filaments on the 𝑧 axis lie in the regions −∞ < 𝑧 < −1 and 1 < 𝑧 < ∞. Each
carries a current 𝐼 in the 𝐚𝑧 direction. Calculate 𝐇 as a function of 𝜌 and ∅ at 𝑧 = 0.
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
∫ 2 =
(𝑎 + 𝑥 2 )3/2 𝑎2 √𝑎2 + 𝑥 2
(b) If 𝜒𝑚 = 6.95 for a material and 𝐁 = 10𝑦𝐚𝑥 + 20𝑥𝐚𝑦 mT. Calculate the following 𝐇, 𝜇, 𝜇𝑟 , 𝐌, 𝐉,
𝐉𝐵 , 𝐉 𝑇

Q3) [12 Marks]

(a) The permittivity is 5 𝜇H/m in region 1 where 𝑥 < 0, and 20 𝜇H/m in region 2 where 𝑥 > 0. If there
is a surface current density 𝐊 = 150𝐚𝑦 − 200𝐚𝑧 A/m at 𝑥 = 0, and if 𝐇1 = 300𝐚𝑥 − 400𝐚𝑦 + 500𝐚𝑧
A/m, find: (i) 𝐁1 ; (ii) 𝐁2 ; (iii) 𝐇2 .
(b) Let 𝜇 = 10−5 H/m, 𝜖 = 4 × 10−9 F/m, ℴ = 0, and 𝜌𝑣 = 0. Find 𝑘 (including units) so that each
of the following pairs of fields satisfies Maxwell’s equations: (i) 𝐃 = 6𝐚𝑥 − 2𝑦𝐚𝑦 + 2𝑧𝐚𝑧 nC/m2, 𝐇 =
𝑘𝑥𝐚𝑥 + 10𝑦𝐚𝑦 − 25𝑧𝐚𝑧 A/m; (ii) 𝐄 = (20𝑦 − 𝑘𝑡)𝐚𝑥 V/m, 𝐇 = (𝑦 + 2 × 106 𝑡)𝐚𝑧 A/m.

Q4) [12 Marks]

(a) A current filament carrying 15 A in the 𝐚𝑧 direction lies along the entire 𝑧 axis. Find 𝐇 in
rectangular coordinates at 𝑃𝐵 (2, −4, 4).
∞ ∞
𝑑𝑥 (4𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑏) 8𝑎
∫ 2 1.5
= [ ] =
−∞ (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 ) (4𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏2 )√𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 −∞ (4𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏2 )√𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
Page 1
 University of Technology
Department of Communication Engineering
2nd Semester Final Exam. 2016-2017
Divisions: (Wireless) & (Optical) Comm. Eng. Sys. Year: Second
Subject: Electromagnetic Fields II Time: 3 Hrs.
Examiner: Dr. Haydar Al-Tamimi Date: / / 2017

Note: Answer Only five Questions

(b)
If 𝐁 = 𝑥𝐚𝑥 + 𝑦 2 𝐚𝑦 − 2𝑧𝐚𝑧 , find the total force on the rectangular loop shown in Figure below.

Q5) [12 Marks]

By using Laplace's equations to derive a formula to calculate the capacitance of the cone shown in the
Figure below where 𝜃 = 𝛼 at 𝑉0 and the plane 𝜃 = 𝜋/2 at 𝑉 = 0.
𝑑𝜃 𝜃
Use {∫ = ln (tan ) + 𝐶}
sin 𝜃 2

Q6) [12 Marks]

(a) The magnetic field intensity is given in a certain region of space as
𝑥 + 2𝑦 2
𝐇= 𝐚 𝑦 + 𝐚 A/m
𝑧2 𝑧 𝑧
(i) Find 𝐉. (ii) Evaluate both sides of Stokes’ theorem for the field 𝐇 to find the total current passing
through the surface 𝑧 = 4, 1 < 𝑥 < 2, 3 < 𝑦 < 5, in the 𝐚𝑧 direction.
(b) Express the value of 𝐇 in at 𝑃(𝜌, ∅, 0) in the field of a coax, centered on the 𝑧 axis, with 𝑎 = 0.3,
𝑏 = 0.5, 𝑐 = 0.7, 𝐼 = 5A in the 𝐚𝑧 direction in the center conductor (i) 𝜌 = 0.2, (ii) 𝜌 = 0.4, (iii) 𝜌 =
0.6, (iv) 𝜌 = 0.8.

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 ‫ نموذج اول‬6102-6102 ‫حلول اسئلة االمتحان النهائي للفصل الثاني‬
Note: Answer Only five Questions

Q1) [12 Marks]

(a) The two conducting planes illustrated in Figure below are defined by 0.001 < 𝜌 < 0.120 m,
0 < 𝑧 < 0.1 m, 𝜑 = 0.179 and 0.188 rad. The medium surrounding the planes is air. For region 1,
0.179 < ∅ < 0.188, neglect fringing and find: (i) 𝑉(∅), (ii) 𝐄(𝜌), (iii) 𝐃(𝜌), (iv) 𝜌𝑆 .

Solution:
(i) Laplace’s equation is now
1 𝜕2𝑉
=0
𝜌2 𝜕∅2
We exclude 𝜌 = 0 and have
𝑑2 𝑉
=0
𝑑∅2
The solution is
𝑉 = 𝐴∅ + 𝐵
and so
20 = 𝐴(0.188) + 𝐵
200 = 𝐴(0.179) + 𝐵
Subtracting one equation from the other, we find
−180 = 𝐴(0.188 − 0.179) → 𝐴 = −20000
20 = −20000(0.188) + 𝐵 → 𝐵 = 3780
Finally: 𝑉 (∅) = −20000∅ + 3780 V
1 𝑑𝑉 20000
(ii) 𝐄(𝜌) = −∇𝑉 = − 𝐚∅ = 𝐚∅ V/m
𝜌 𝑑∅ 𝜌
20000 0.177
(iii) 𝐃(𝜌) = 𝜖0 𝐄(𝜌) = 8.854 × 10−12 × 𝐚∅ = 𝐚∅ 𝜇V/m
𝜌 𝜌
1.77 × 10−7 1.77 × 10−7
(iv) 𝜌𝑆 = 𝐃 ∙ 𝐧|surfsce = 𝐚∅ ∙ 𝐚∅ = C/m2
𝜌 𝜌

1|Page
(b) Calculate the mutual inductance per unit length between two coaxial solenoids of radius 𝜌1 =
1 cm and 𝜌2 = 2 cm, with 𝑁1 = 80 and 𝑁2 = 100 turns/cm, respectively. Also, find the inductance
per unit length for each coaxial.
Solution:
𝑀21 = 𝜇0 𝑁1 𝑁2 𝜋𝜌12 = 𝑀12
𝑀21 = 𝜇0 𝑁1 𝑁2 𝜋𝜌12 = 4𝜋 × 10−7 × 8000 × 10000 × 𝜋 × 10−4 = 31.6 mH/m
𝐿1 = 𝜇0 𝑁12 𝑆1 = 4𝜋 × 10−7 × 80002 × 𝜋 × 10−4 = 25.3 mH/m
𝐿2 = 𝜇0 𝑁22 𝑆2 = 4𝜋 × 10−7 × 100002 × 𝜋 × 4 × 10−4 = 157.9 mH/m

Q2) [12 Marks]

(a) Two semi-infinite filaments on the 𝑧 axis lie in the regions −∞ < 𝑧 < −1 and 1 < 𝑧 < ∞.
Each carries a current 𝐼 in the 𝐚𝑧 direction. Calculate 𝐇 as a function of 𝜌 and ∅ at 𝑧 = 0.
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
∫ 2 =
(𝑎 + 𝑥 2 )3/2 𝑎2 √𝑎2 + 𝑥 2
Solution:
One way to do this is to use the field from an infinite line and subtract from it that portion of the
field that would arise from the current segment at −1 < 𝑧 < 1, found from the Biot-Savart law.
Thus,
1 𝐼𝑑𝑧𝐚 [𝜌𝐚 − 𝑧𝐚 ]
𝐼 𝑧 𝜌 𝑧
𝐇= 𝐚∅ − ∫ 2 2 3/2
2𝜋𝜌 −1 4𝜋[𝜌 + 𝑧 ]
The integral part simplifies and is evaluated:
1 1
𝐼𝑑𝑧𝐚𝑧 [𝜌𝐚𝜌 − 𝑧𝐚𝑧 ] 𝐼𝜌 𝑧 𝐼
∫ 2 + 𝑧 2 ]3/2
= 𝐚∅ | = 𝐚∅
−1 4𝜋[𝜌 4𝜋 2 2
𝜌 √𝜌 + 𝑧 2 2𝜋𝜌√𝜌2 +1
−1
Finally,
𝐼 𝐼 𝐼 1
𝐇= 𝐚∅ − 𝐚∅ = [1 − ] 𝐚∅
2𝜋𝜌 4𝜋𝜌√𝜌2 + 1 2𝜋𝜌 √𝜌2 + 1
(b) If 𝜒𝑚 = 6.95 for a material and 𝐁 = 10𝑦𝐚𝑥 + 20𝑥𝐚𝑦 mT. Calculate the following 𝐇, 𝜇, 𝜇𝑟 , 𝐌,
𝐉, 𝐉𝐵 , 𝐉 𝑇
Solution:
𝐁 = 𝜇0 𝜇𝑟 𝐇 = 𝜇0 (1 + 𝜒𝑚 )𝐇 then
𝐁 (10𝑦𝐚𝑥 + 20𝑥𝐚𝑦 ) × 10−3
𝐇= = = 𝑦𝐚𝑥 + 2𝑥𝐚𝑦 kA/m
𝜇0 (1 + 𝜒𝑚 ) 4𝜋 × 10−7 × 7.95
𝜇 = 𝜇0 𝜇𝑟 = 𝜇0 (1 + 𝜒𝑚 ) = 4𝜋 × 10−7 × 7.95 = 10 𝜇H/m
𝜇𝑟 = 1 + 𝜒𝑚 = 7.95
𝐌 = 𝜒𝑚 𝐇 = 6.95 × (𝑦𝐚𝑥 + 2𝑥𝐚𝑦 ) = 6.95𝑦𝐚𝑥 + 13.9𝑥𝐚𝑦 kA/m
𝐚𝑥 𝐚𝑦 𝐚𝑧 𝐚𝑥 𝐚𝑦 𝐚𝑧
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
𝐉 = ∇ × 𝐇 = ||𝜕𝑥 | = 103 | 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
| = 𝐚 kA/m2
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 | |𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧| 𝑧

𝐻𝑥 𝐻𝑦 𝐻𝑧 𝑦 2𝑥 0

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 𝐉𝐵 = ∇ × 𝐌 = ∇ × (𝜒𝑚 𝐇) = 6.95 × 103 𝐚𝑧 = 6.95𝐚𝑧 kA/m2
𝐚𝑥 𝐚𝑦 𝐚𝑧 𝐚𝑥 𝐚𝑦 𝐚𝑧
𝐁 1 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
| = 10
−2 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
𝐉 𝑇 = ∇ × = ||𝜕𝑥 |
𝜕𝑧| 4𝜋 × 10−7 |𝜕𝑥
| = 7.95 𝐚 kA/m2
𝜇0 𝜇0 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧| 𝑧

𝐵𝑥 𝐵𝑦 𝐵𝑧 𝑦 2𝑥 0
Or in another way
𝐁 𝜇0 𝜇𝑟 𝐇
𝐉𝑇 = ∇ × = 𝐉𝑇 =∇× = ∇ × 𝜇𝑟 𝐇 = 𝜇𝑟 𝐉 = 7.95 𝐚𝑧 kA/m2
𝜇0 𝜇0

Q3) [12 Marks]

(a) The permittivity is 5 𝜇H/m in region 1 where 𝑥 < 0, and 20 𝜇H/m in region 2 where 𝑥 > 0. If
there is a surface current density 𝐊 = 150𝐚𝑦 − 200𝐚𝑧 A/m at 𝑥 = 0, and if 𝐇1 = 300𝐚𝑥 −
400𝐚𝑦 + 500𝐚𝑧 A/m, find: (i) 𝐁1 ; (ii) 𝐁2 ; (iii) 𝐇2 .
Solution:
(i)
𝐁1 = 𝜇1 𝐇1 = 5 × 10−6 (300𝐚𝑥 − 400𝐚𝑦 + 500𝐚𝑧 ) = 1.5𝐚𝑥 − 2𝐚𝑦 + 2.5𝐚𝑧 mT
(ii)
𝐁𝑁1 = (𝐁𝟏 ∙ 𝐚𝑁12 )𝐚𝑁12 = [(1.5𝐚𝑥 − 2𝐚𝑦 + 2.5𝐚𝑧 ) ∙ 𝐚𝑥 ](𝐚𝑥 ) = 1.5𝐚𝑧 mT
𝐁𝑁1 = 𝐁𝑁2 = 1.5𝐚𝑥 mT
We next determine the tangential components:
𝐁𝑡1 = 𝐁1 − 𝐁𝑁1 = −2𝐚𝑦 + 2.5𝐚𝑧 mT
𝐁𝑡1 (−2𝐚𝑦 + 2.5𝐚𝑧 ) × 10−3
𝐇𝑡1 = = = −400𝐚𝑦 + 500𝐚𝑧 A/m
𝜇1 5 × 10−6
Thus,
𝐇𝑡2 = 𝐇𝑡1 − 𝐚𝑁12 × 𝐊 = −400𝐚𝑦 + 500𝐚𝑧 − 𝐚𝑥 × (150𝐚𝑦 − 200𝐚𝑧 )
= −400𝐚𝑦 + 500𝐚𝑧 − 150𝐚𝑧 − 200𝐚𝑦 = −600𝐚𝑦 + 350𝐚𝑧 A/m
𝐁𝑡2 = 𝜇2 𝐇𝑡2 = 20 × 10−6 (−600𝐚𝑦 + 350𝐚𝑧 ) = −12𝐚𝑦 + 7𝐚𝑧 mT
Therefore,
𝐁2 = 𝐁𝑁2 + 𝐁𝑡2 = 1.5𝐚𝑥 − 12𝐚𝑦 + 7𝐚𝑧 mT
(iii)
𝐁2 (1.5𝐚𝑥 − 12𝐚𝑦 + 7𝐚𝑧 ) × 10−3
𝐇2 = = = 75𝐚𝑥 − 600𝐚𝑦 + 350𝐚𝑧 A/m
𝜇2 20 × 10−6

3|Page
(b) Let 𝜇 = 10−5 H/m, 𝜖 = 4 × 10−9 F/m, ℴ = 0, and 𝜌𝑣 = 0. Find 𝑘 (including units) so that
each of the following pairs of fields satisfies Maxwell’s equations: (i) 𝐃 = 6𝐚𝑥 − 2𝑦𝐚𝑦 + 2𝑧𝐚𝑧
nC/m2, 𝐇 = 𝑘𝑥𝐚𝑥 + 10𝑦𝐚𝑦 − 25𝑧𝐚𝑧 A/m; (ii) 𝐄 = (20𝑦 − 𝑘𝑡)𝐚𝑥 V/m, 𝐇 = (𝑦 + 2 × 106 𝑡)𝐚𝑧
A/m.
Solution:
(i)
∂𝐻𝑥 ∂𝐻𝑦 ∂𝐻𝑧
∇ · 𝐇 = 𝜌𝑣 = + + = 𝑘 + 10 − 25
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
but 𝜌𝑣 = 0, then
𝑘 + 10 − 25 = 0 → 𝑘 = 15 A/m2 because it has the same unit of 𝜌𝑣
(ii) As ℴ = 0 then 𝐉 = ℴ𝐄 = 0
𝜕𝐃
∇×𝐇=𝐉+
𝜕𝑡
i.e.
𝜕𝐃
∇×𝐇=
𝜕𝑡
𝐚𝑥 𝐚𝑦 𝐚𝑧 𝐚𝑥 𝐚𝑦 𝐚𝑧 𝐚𝑥 𝐚𝑦 𝐚𝑧
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇ × 𝐇 = ∇ × 𝐇 = ||𝜕𝑥 |=| | |
𝜕𝑧| = |
|=𝐚
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 | |𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧| 𝑥

𝐻𝑥 𝐻𝑦 𝐻𝑧 𝐸𝑥 𝐸𝑦 𝐸𝑧 20𝑦 − 𝑘𝑡 0 0
𝜕𝐃 𝜕(𝜖𝐄) 𝜕𝐄
= =𝜖 = −𝜖𝑘𝐚𝑥
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑡
Return to Maxwell equation
𝜕𝐃
∇×𝐇=
𝜕𝑡
then
𝐚𝑥 = −𝜖𝑘𝐚𝑥
Leads to
1 1 8
𝑘=− =− −9
= −2.5 × 10
𝜖 4 × 10
To find the unit of 𝑘 return to 𝐄 = (20𝑦 − 𝑘𝑡)𝐚𝑥 thus 𝑘𝑡 has the same unit of 𝐄 which is V/m.
Then unit of k is (V/m)/s or V/(m.s).

Q4) [12 Marks]

(a) A current filament carrying 15 A in the 𝐚𝑧 direction lies along the entire 𝑧 axis. Find 𝐇 in
rectangular coordinates at 𝑃𝐵 (2, −4, 4).
∞ ∞
𝑑𝑥 (4𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑏) 8𝑎
∫ 2 1.5
= [ ] =
−∞ (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 ) (4𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏2 )√𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 −∞ (4𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏2 )√𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
Solution:

4|Page
Applying the Biot-Savart Law, we obtain
∞
𝐼𝑑𝐋 × 𝐚𝑅 𝐼𝑑𝑧𝐚𝑧 × [2𝐚𝑥 − 4𝐚𝑦 + (4 − 𝑧)𝐚𝑧 ]
𝐇=∮ = ∫
4𝜋𝑅2 −∞ 4𝜋(𝑧 2 − 8𝑧 + 36)3/2
∞
𝐼𝑑𝑧[4𝐚𝑥 + 2𝐚𝑦 ]
=∫ 2 3/2
−∞ 4𝜋(𝑧 − 8𝑧 + 36)
with 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −8, 𝑐 = 36 the integral results
𝐼 8 × 1 × (4𝐚𝑥 + 2𝐚𝑦 ) 𝐼 8(4𝐚𝑥 + 2𝐚𝑦 ) 𝐼
𝐇= [ ]= [ ]= (4𝐚𝑥 + 2𝐚𝑦 )
4𝜋 (4 × 1 × 36 − 64)√𝑧 2 − 8𝑧 + 36 4𝜋 80√𝑧 2 − 8𝑧 + 36 40𝜋
with 𝐼 =15 A
15 3
𝐇= (4𝐚𝑥 + 2𝐚𝑦 ) = (2𝐚𝑥 + 𝐚𝑦 ) = 0.477𝐚𝑥 + 0.239𝐚𝑦 A/m
40𝜋 4𝜋
(b)
If 𝐁 = 𝑥𝐚𝑥 + 𝑦 2 𝐚𝑦 − 2𝑧𝐚𝑧 , find the total force on the rectangular loop shown in Figure below.

Solution:
First, note that in the plane 𝑧 = 0, the 𝑧 component of the given field is zero, so will not contribute
to the force.

𝐅=∫ 𝐼𝑑𝐋 × 𝐁
Loop
With 𝐼 = 0.6
2 2
𝐅 = ∫ 0.6𝑑𝑥𝐚𝑥 × (𝑥𝐚𝑥 + 𝑦 2 |𝑦=−2 𝐚𝑦 ) + ∫ 0.6𝑑𝑦𝐚𝑦 × (𝑥|𝑥=2 𝐚𝑥 + 𝑦 2 𝐚𝑦 )
−2 −2
−2 −2
+ ∫ 0.6𝑑𝑥𝐚𝑥 × (𝑥𝐚𝑥 + 𝑦 2 |𝑦=2 𝐚𝑦 ) + ∫ 0.6𝑑𝑦𝐚𝑦 × (𝑥|𝑥=−2 𝐚𝑥 + 𝑦 2 𝐚𝑦 )
2 2
2 2 −2 −2
= ∫ 0.6(4)𝑑𝑥𝐚𝑧 + ∫ 0.6(2)𝑑𝑦(−𝐚𝑧 ) + ∫ 0.6(4)𝑑𝑥𝐚𝑧 + ∫ 0.6(−2)𝑑𝑦(−𝐚𝑧 )
−2 −2 2 2
2 2 −2 −2
= 2.4𝐚𝑧 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − 1.2𝐚𝑧 ∫ 𝑑𝑦 + 2.4𝐚𝑧 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 2.4𝐚𝑧 ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = 9.6𝐚𝑧 − 4.8𝐚𝑧 − 9.6𝐚𝑧 − 4.8𝐚𝑧
−2 −2 2 2
= −9.6𝐚𝑧 N

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Q5) [12 Marks]
By using Laplace's equations to derive a formula to calculate the capacitance of the cone shown in
the Figure below where 𝜃 = 𝛼 at 𝑉0 and the plane 𝜃 = 𝜋/2 at 𝑉 = 0.
𝑑𝜃 𝜃
Use {∫ = ln (tan ) + 𝐶}
sin 𝜃 2
Solution:

1 d 𝑑𝑉
(sin 𝜃 )=0
𝑟 2 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃
We exclude 𝑟 = 0 and 𝜃 = 0 or 𝜋 and have
𝑑𝑉
sin 𝜃 =𝐴
𝑑𝜃
The second integral is then
𝐴
𝑉=∫ 𝑑𝜃 + 𝐵
sin 𝜃
But
𝑑𝜃 𝜃
∫ = ln (tan ) + 𝐶
sin 𝜃 2
then
𝜃
𝑉 = 𝐴 ln (tan ) + 𝐵 (1)
2
but 𝑉 = 0 at 𝜃 = 𝜋/2 and 𝑉 = 𝑉0 at 𝜃 = 𝛼, 𝛼 < 𝜋/2. We obtain
𝜋
𝑉 (𝜃 = ) = 0 and 𝑉 (𝜃 = 𝛼) = 𝑉0
2
Sub in (1)
𝜋
0 = 𝐴 ln (tan ) + 𝐵 → 0 = 𝐴(0) + 𝐵 → 𝐵 = 0
4
𝛼 𝛼 𝑉0
𝑉0 = 𝐴 ln (tan ) + 𝐵 → 𝑉0 = 𝐴 ln (tan ) → 𝐴 = 𝛼
2 2 ln (tan )
2
Substituting values of 𝐴 and 𝐵 in (1) then,

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 𝜃
ln (tan )
𝑉 = 𝑉0 2
𝛼
ln (tan )
2
1 𝜕𝑉 1 𝑑𝑉
𝐄 = −∇𝑉 = − 𝐚𝜃 = − 𝐚
𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 𝑑𝜃 𝜃
𝜃
𝑉0 𝑑 [ln (tan )] 𝑉0 1 𝜃 1
=− 2 𝐚 =− ∙ ∙ (sec 2
)( )𝐚
𝛼 𝜃 𝛼 2 2 𝜃
𝑟 ln (tan ) 𝑑𝜃 𝑟 ln (tan ) tan 𝜃
2 2 2
𝜃
𝑉0 cos
=− ∙ 2 ∙ ( 1 ) ( 1) 𝐚 = − 𝑉0
∙
1
(
1
) 𝐚𝜃
𝛼 𝜃 𝛼
𝑟 ln (tan ) sin 𝜃 cos2 𝜃 2 𝑟 ln (tan ) sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
𝑉0 1
=− 𝛼 ∙ sin 𝜃 𝐚𝜃
𝑟 ln (tan )
2
The surface charge density on the cone is then (𝜌𝑆 = 𝐷𝑁 |𝜃=𝛼 = 𝜖𝐄)
−𝜖𝑉0
𝜌𝑆 = 𝛼
𝑟 sin 𝛼 ln (tan )
2
producing a total charge 𝑄,
∞ 2𝜋
−𝜖𝑉0 𝑟 sin 𝛼 −2𝜋𝜖𝑉0 ∞
𝑄 = ∫ 𝜌𝑆 𝑑𝑆 = 𝛼 ∫ ∫ 𝑑∅𝑑𝑟 = 𝛼 ∫ 𝑑𝑟
𝑆 𝑟 sin 𝛼 ln (tan ) 0 0 𝑟 ln (tan ) 0
2 2
This leads to an infinite value of charge and capacitance, and it becomes necessary to consider a
cone of finite size. Our answer will now be only an approximation because the theoretical
equipotential surface is 𝜃 = 𝛼, a conical surface extending from 𝑟 = 0 to 𝑟 = ∞, whereas our
physical conical surface extends only from 𝑟 = 0 to, say, 𝑟 = 𝑟1 . The approximate capacitance is
|𝑄| 2𝜋𝜖𝑟1
𝐶= = 𝛼
𝑉0 ln (cot )
2
Q6) [12 Marks]
(a) The magnetic field intensity is given in a certain region of space as
𝑥 + 2𝑦 2
𝐇= 2
𝐚𝑦 + 𝐚𝑧 A/m
𝑧 𝑧
(i) Find 𝐉. (ii) Evaluate both sides of Stokes’ theorem for the field 𝐇 to find the total current passing
through the surface 𝑧 = 4, 1 < 𝑥 < 2, 3 < 𝑦 < 5, in the 𝐚𝑧 direction.
Solution:
𝜕𝐻𝑦 𝜕𝐻𝑦 2(𝑥 + 2𝑦) 1
(i) 𝐉 = ∇ × 𝐇 = − 𝐚𝑥 + 𝐚𝑧 = 𝐚𝑥 + 𝐚
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝑧3 𝑧2 𝑧

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 5 2
1 1
(ii) 𝐼 = ∫ ∫ 𝐉 ∙ 𝑑𝐒 = ∫ ∫𝐉|𝑧=4 ∙ 𝐚𝑧 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = A
3 1 4 8
the other side of Stokes' theorem This involves two integrals of the y component of 𝐇 over the
range 3 < 𝑦 < 5. Integrals over 𝑥, to complete the loop, do not exist since there is no x component
of 𝐇. We have
5 3
2 + 2𝑦 1 + 2𝑦 1 1 1
𝐼 = ∮ 𝐇 ∙ 𝑑𝐋 = ∫ 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = (2) − (2) = A
3 16 5 16 8 16 8
(b) Express the value of 𝐇 in at 𝑃(𝜌, ∅, 0) in the field of a coax, centered on the 𝑧 axis, with 𝑎 =
0.3, 𝑏 = 0.5, 𝑐 = 0.7, 𝐼 = 5A in the 𝐚𝑧 direction in the center conductor (i) 𝜌 = 0.2, (ii) 𝜌 = 0.4,
(iii) 𝜌 = 0.6, (iv) 𝜌 = 0.8.
Solution:
(i) 𝜌 = 0.2 As 𝜌 < 𝑎
𝐼𝜌 5 × 0.2 1
𝐇= 𝐚 = 𝐚 = 𝐚 = 1.77𝐚∅ A/m
2𝜋𝑎2 ∅ 2𝜋(0.3)2 ∅ 2𝜋(0.09) ∅
(ii) 𝜌 = 0.4 As 𝑎 < 𝜌 < 𝑏
𝐼 5
𝐇= = = 1.99𝐚∅ A/m
2𝜋𝜌 2𝜋(0.4)
(ii) 𝜌 = 0.6 As 𝑏 < 𝜌 <c
𝐼 𝑐 2 − 𝜌2 5 0.72 − 0.62
𝐇= ( 2 ) = ( ) = 0.72𝐚∅ A/m
2𝜋𝜌 𝑐 − 𝑏2 2𝜋(0.6) 0.72 − 0.52
(ii) 𝜌 = 0.8 As 𝜌 > 𝑐
𝐇 = 0 A/m

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