MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject Name: MECHATRONICS Subject Code:
Important Instructions to examiners:
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer
scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not
applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The
figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any
equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values
may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer
based on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent
concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual
(English + Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic
year 2021-2022. Hence if the students write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English
+Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts
with model answer.
Q. Sub Answer Marki
N Q.N ng
o Schem
o
e
1. Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10M
a) Name any two pressure and position sensor. 2M
Ans Pressure Sensors Types pressu
1)Using Strain Gauges 2)Using Torsion Bars re
Position sensors Types: –1M
and
Photoelectric sensors
positio
Reflective Type n
Transmission type sensor
Hall effect sensors —1M
Optical encoders
b) State need of signal conditioner in mechatronics 2M
Ans Signal conditioning can include amplification, filtering, converting, range matching,
isolation and any other processes required to make sensor output suitable for processing
after conditioning.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
Subject Name: Subject Code:
c) State advantages and limitations of pneumatic system. (any two) 2M
Ans Advantages of pneumatic system are: 1M
1) Infinite availability of the source
2) Safe and clean
3) Less Operating and Maintenance cost
4) The transfer of power and the speed is very easy to set up .
5) Can be stored and Easy utilized .
Pneumatic System Disadvantages 1M
1) Requires installation of air-producing equipment
2) Can easily leak
3) Potential noise
4) Low operating pressure
6) Compressibility of air causes problems in precision.
7) Uneven moving speed.
d) Draw block diagram of real time mechatronics system. 2M
Ans
Or Any other logical/ relevant diagram also consider.
e) Enlist any two limitations of Hydraulic System. 2M
Ans Limitations of Hydraulic System
1. Hydraulic systems require intensive and periodic maintenance.
2. Systems frequently require parts with a very high degree of precision.
3. A small leak in the hydraulic pipeline will be fatal to the transfer of power. This
causes the risk of accidents increases.
5. The high pressure received by the fluid can also cause work accidents if the
power is too high and the pipeline is unable to withstand the power delivered by
the fluid.
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
Subject Name: Subject Code:
f) Sketch block diagram of Robotic System. 2M
Ans
Block diagram of Robotic System
g) Define degree of freedom and end effectors. 2M
Ans ● Degree of freedom is a term used to describe a robot’s freedom of motion in 3
dimensional spaces specifically the ability to move forward and backward, up
and down, left and right.
OR
No. of independent coordinates required for defining a motion, either rotational or
translational.
● End effector is the device at the end of a robotic arm designed to interact with
the environment. End effectors originates from robotic manipulators (robotic
arm) It is the last link of the robot. It is similar to human hand with or without
finger. It incorporates various sensors.
2. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12M
a) Enlist acceleration sensor and discuss LVDT with neat sketch. 4M
Ans Acceleration sensors are
Strain Gauge Accelerometer
LVDT Accelerometer
Piezoelectric Accelerometer.
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
Subject Name: Subject Code:
OR
Explanation:
● The LVDT accelerometer consists of one primary and two secondary windings
which are placed on either side of central code. The two ends of the core are
connected with spring steel but these are already placed in a casing.
● If a core is exactly placed at the center, the voltage produced between primary
and secondary windings will be exactly equal; this voltage is called as static
field voltage.
● If any vibration occurs on the casings of the LVDT accelerometer, the core will
either move upward or downward.
● Owing to this, the voltage is induced in the secondary coil according to the
movement of the core. Now the difference in voltage arises in the output
terminal. This output voltage is directly proportional to the vibration or
acceleration.
b) Sketch electromechanical system and explain it. 4M
Ans
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
Subject Name: Subject Code:
Diagram: Electro-mechanical system
Explanation:
Electro-mechanical Systems: Electromechanical systems are hybrids of electrical
and mechanical systems, which have been widely used in engineering such as the
applications in vehicles, robots, aircrafts, and so on. A motor is an essential
component in the electromechanical systems and used to generate a mechanical
output by applying an electrical input . A rotating circuit called the armature,
through which current ia(t) flows, passes through this magnetic field at right angles
and feels a force. The resulting torque turns the rotor. The rotating member of the
motor. The torque developed by the motor. T(t) is promotional to the armature
current, i.e.,
T(t) = Ktia (t)
Where Kt, is called the motor torque constant, which depends on the motor motor
and magnetic field characteristics
c) Explain basic pneumatics system circuit. 4M
Ans
OR
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
Subject Name: Subject Code:
a) Air filters: These are used to filter out the contaminants from the air.
b)Compressor: Compressed air is generated by using air compressors. Air
compressors are either diesel or electrically operated. Based on the
requirement of compressed air, suitable capacity compressors may be used.
c) Air Receiver: During compression operation, air temperature increases.
Therefore coolers are used to reduce the temperature of the compressed air.
The water vapor or moisture in the air is separated from the air by
using a dryer. Regulation is also done by the receiver.
e) Control Valves: Control valves are used to regulate, control and monitor for
control of direction flow, pressure etc.
f) Air Actuator: Air cylinders and motors are used to obtain the required
movements of mechanical elements of pneumatic system.
d) State mechanical motion element. Enlist application of gear. 4M
Ans Mechanical motion element are
CAM
Gears
● The major applications are:
● Speed gear box, feed gear box and some other kinematic units of machine tools
● Speed drives in textile, jute and similar machineries
● Gear boxes of automobiles
● Speed and / or feed drives of several metal forming machines
● Machineries for mining, tea processing etc.
● Large and heavy duty gear boxes used in cement industries, sugar industries,
cranes, conveyors etc.
● Precision equipment, clocks and watches
● Industrial robots and toys.
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
Subject Name: Subject Code:
3. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12M
a) 4M
Describe with sketch torque measurement using stroboscope method.
Ans Diag2M
Explana
tion
-2M
Explanation :
The arrangement of two flanges A and B placed at a distance on the shaft is as
shown. Flange A carries a scale while flange a pointer. When a torque is applied on
the shaft it causes angular displacement of pointer relative to the scale due to the
angular twist. The deflection of the shaft may be read off directly when the shaft is
stationery. However this is not possible if the shaft is rotating. In such cases,
stroboscope is used. The flashing light of the stroboscope is applied onto the scale
and the flashing frequency is adjusted till a stationery image is obtained. The scale
reading can now be taken for measuring the angular twist. This method is simple
and inexpensive. However, the accuracy of measurement is poor.
b) Define actuator. Discuss Rotary actuators. 4M
Ans Actuators:- Actuators are the process of conversion of energy to mechanical form 1M
Definit
OR ion
An actuator is a type of motor that is responsible for moving or controlling a 1M
mechanism or system. It is operated by a source of energy, typically electric current, Diagra
hydraulic fluid pressure, or pneumatic pressure, and converts that energy into m
motion.
2M
Explan
ation
(Any
type)
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
Subject Name: Subject Code:
Rotary actuators convert energy of pressurized fluid into rotary motion. Rotary
actuators are similar to electric motors but are run on hydraulic or pneumatic power.
It consists of two inter meshing gears inside a housing with one gear attached to the
drive shaft. The Liquid enters from the inlet, causes the rotation of the meshing gear
due to difference in the pressure and produces the torque. The Liquid exists from
the exhaust port. Gear actuators tend to leak at low speed, hence are generally used
for medium speed applications.
OR
A rotary vane actuator consists of a rotor with sliding vanes in the slots provided on
the rotor. The rotor is placed eccentrically with the housing. Liquid enters from the
inlet port, rotates the rotor and thus torque is produced. Liquid is then released from
the exhaust port (outlet).
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
Subject Name: Subject Code:
c) Discribe with neat diagram Hydraulic System 4M
Ans Diag2M
Explana
tion
-2M
The system consists of a closed loop piping network, with fluid transferred from a
storage tank to one side of the piston and returned from the other side of the piston
to the tank.
The pump convert a mechanical force to hydraulic power and the fluid is drawn
from the lank by pump which produces pressure at the required amount .
1) Pressure Regulator: It protects the system from high pressure and is essential to
split acess fluid back to the tank it prevent failure of point or pump when fluid
pressure raises.
2) Hydraulic Cylinder: The Cylinder uses the moving coil to do work and the
cylinder moment is controlled by control valve.
3) Control Valve: It directs the oil to allow supply of oil from the pump to and from
The cylinder. The point A is connected to pressure and D is to the tank for
extending the cylinder .
4) Filter : It is used to prevent dirt or dust entering important elements of the
hydraulic system.
5) Hydraulic Pump: It takes oil from the tank and deliver it to the rest of the
hydraulic circuit.
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
Subject Name: Subject Code:
d) Explain working of pick and place robot. 4M
Ans Diag2M
Explana
tion
-2M
OR
Figure above shows the basic form of a pick and place robot unit. The robot has
three axes about which motion can occur. Rotation in a clockwise or anti-clock wise
direction of the unit on its base. Arm extension or contraction and arm up or down.
Gripper can open or close. These movements can be actuated by the use of
pneumatic cylinders operated by solenoid controlled valves with limit switches to
indicate when a motion is completed. Thus clock wise rotation of the unit might
result from the piston in a cylinder being extended and the anticlockwise direction
by its retraction. Likewise the upward movement of the arm might result from the
piston in a linear cylinder being extended and the downward motion from it
retracting
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
Subject Name: Subject Code:
4. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12M
a) Illustrate various velocity sensor. Describe any one. 4M
Ans
b) List out advantages of CNC machine. Explain G code and M code. 4M
Ans
c) Explain working principal of cams with sketch. 4M
Ans
d) Explain role of mechatronics system in AGV with block diagram. 4M
Ans
e) Enlist constructional features of pneumatic linear actuator. 4M
Ans
5. Attempt any TWO of the following: 12M
a) Explain mechatronics system architecture and list out its application. 6M
Ans
b) Explain CNC based drilling machine. 6M
Ans
c) Draw & describe pappet & spool valve. 6M
Ans
6 Attempt any TWO of the following: 12M
a) State & explain working principle of "Hall-effect sensor" with sketch. 6M
Ans Diag3M
Explana
tion
-3M
Working:
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
Subject Name: Subject Code:
● Working principle of a Hall effect sensor is that if strip of conducting material
carries a current in presence of transverse magnetic field as shown fig .
● The difference of potential is produced between the opposite edges of the
conductor.The magnitude of the voltage depends upon the current and magnetic
field. The current is passed through leads 1 and 2 of the strip and output leads 3
and 4 are connected with Hall strip.
● When a transverse magnetic field passes through the strip, the voltage difference
occurs in output leads.
b) Describe Hydraulic linear actuator with neat sketch. 6M
Ans Diag3M
Explana
tion
-3M
● Principle of linear actuator:
A linear actuator is an actuator that creates motion in a straight line, in
contrast to the circular motion of a conventional electric motor. Linear
actuators are used in machine tools and industrial machinery, in computer
peripherals such as disk drives and printers, in valves and dampers, and in
many other places where linear motion is required. Hydraulic or pneumatic
cylinders inherently produce linear motion. Many other mechanisms are used
to generate linear motion from a rotating motor
● Applications:
1.machine tools
2.disk drives
3.printers
4.valves
5.Dampers
c) Explain in detail microcontroller based antilock break system (ABS). 6M
Ans An ABS is a system on motor vehicles which prevents the wheels from locking Diag3M
while braking stopping safely is one of the most important functions a motor vehicle
can perform Explana
tion
-3M
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
Subject Name: Subject Code:
Explanation:--
Failure of the brake system will almost invariably results in property damage,
personal injury or even death. An ABS allow the driver to maintain steering control
under heavy braking by preventing a skid and allowing the wheel to continue to roll
forward and create lateral control, as directed by driver steering inputs
A typical ABS is composed of a central electronic unit, four speed sensors (one for
each wheel) . The electronic unit constantly monitors the rotation speed of each
wheel. The pulsed output from the wheel speed sensors goes to an electronic
controller which monitors each wheels speed relative to the speed of the other
wheels. As long as the brakes are not being applied and all of the monitored wheels
are rotating at roughly the same speed, the system takes no action. If however the
brakes are being applied and one or more monitored wheels suddenly beings to
reduce speed indicating a loss of traction with load the controller then activates the
antilock system. When it senses that any one of the wheels is rotating slower than
the others, it moves the valves to decrease the pressure on the braking circuit,
effectively reducing the braking force on that wheel.
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