OPENER EXAMINATION TERM 3, 2022
FORM TWO HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A (25 MARKS)
1 State two advantages of using electronics in History. (2 marks)
They are fast
They can be accessed when needed
The information can be stored for future reference
Information can be sent to any part of the world
Films and videos gives better understanding of some aspects of social
2. Give two major cultural developments by man during the new stone age. (2 marks)
Development of Agriculture
Development of government
Permanent settlement
3. Name basic political unit among the Bantu during the pre-colonial period. (1 mark)
The clan
4.What was the main significance of the Kaya among the Agiriama. (1 mark)
Security/protection
5. State two factors which enabled traders from Arabia to come to the coast before 1500 AD. (2 Marks)
Existence of monsoon winds
Development of suitable maritime technology
Enterprising merchants who financed trade voyages across the sea.
The coastal people were hospitable and welcoming to the new visitors
Presence of people who had skills of sailing across waters over distances.
6. State one circumstance that may lead to the right to freedom of movement of an individual being
limited in Kenya. (1 mark)
Preventing the spread of an infectious disease
When effecting a court order requiring one to be arrested
When one is suspected to have committed or about to commit a crime
When securing education or welfare of a person below the age of eighteen
When rehabilitating a drug addict
When securing the welfare of a person of unsound mind
7. Give two methods used to acquire slaves from West Africa during the Trans- Atlantic trade. (2 marks)
The slaves were exchanged for European manufactured goods
Prisoners of war were sold to the slave dealers
Some local rulers sold their own subjects to the slave dealers
Raiding
Some were enticed and sold as slaves
Debtors were sold as slaves
8. Give one way in which the invention of the wheel revolutionized transport in Europe before the 19 th
Century. (1 mark)
People could travel faster than before
People could cover long distances
The chariots and wheel carts made transport comfortable
Travelling became more secure
Heavy loads could be carried over long distances
9. Give two factors which should be considered when sending a message. (2 marks)
The urgency of the message
The complexity of the message
The distance between the sender and the receiver
The language of the receiver of the message
The cost of sending the message
The geographical factors in which the receiver is operating from
10. identify one invention that revolutionized food preservation during the 19 th Century. (1 mk)
The flying shuttle
The spinning jenny
The Water frame
The spinning mule
The power loom
Cylindrical printing
The cotton gin
11. Give two reasons why gold was the first metal that man used. ( 2 mks)
It was found in its natural form
It was found from river beds or on the earth’s surface
12. identify one factor that facilitated the spread of iron working in Africa. (1mk)
Migrations
Trade
Warfare
Intermarriages
13. State the contribution of Joseph Lister in the field of medicine in the 19 th century. (1mk)
He discovered the use of carbolic acid as an antiseptic
14. State two factors that led to early urbanization in Africa. (2 mks)
Trade
Mineral deposits
Administration
Security
Ports
Education
Religion
industrialization
15. Give the reason for the decline of the town of Meroe. (1mk)
exhaustion of forests
16. Give two economic activities of the Buganda Kingdom in the 19th century. (2mks)
trade
crop growing and they grew crops like millet, bananas
livestock keeping and kept animals such as cattle, sheep
iron working
they practiced domestic crafts
fishing
they made boats and canoes
17. Name the court that settles presidential petitions after general elections in Kenya. (1mk)
the supreme court
SECTION B (45 Marks)
18a) Identify three forms of print media used in communication (3 marks)
books
news papers
magazines
journals/periodicals
b) Explain six disadvantages of using air transport (12 marks)
it is expensive to procure and maintain an aircraft
construction of airstrips requires a lot of resources
the aircrafts can only land and take off in specific /designated are thus inconveniencing
travelers
aircrafts cannot carry bulk and heavy goods as compared to other forms of transport such as
ships and trains
its operation can be affected by adverse weather conditions
aircrafts emit gases which contribute to the pollution of the atmosphere
travelling by air has facilitated international terrorism/drug trafficking
the use of aircrafts in military warfare has resulted in loss of life and mass destruction of
property
accidents by aircrafts are fatal
it requires expertise to manage its operations
19 a) Identify the three types of trade. (3 marks)
regional trade
international trade
international trade
b) Explains six problems faced by the Trans-Saharan traders. (12 marks)
long and tiresome journeys across the desert
inadequate water and food
extreme weather conditions of the desert –very cold at night and very hot during the day
attacks by dangerous desert creatures such as scorpions and snakes
insecurity because of declining and falling of kingdoms
exhaustion of trade goods especially gold
frequent shifts of trade routes due to desert sandstorms
the traders were robbed by some people living in the desert
20a) Give three uses of wind as a source of energy in the ancient times. (3 Marks)
to winnow grains
to drive/ turn wind mills
to propel boats/sailing boats
to drive water pumps
to drive grains
b) Explain six effects of scientific inventions on agricultural inventions on agricultural development in
Europe during the 19th century (12 Marks)
inventions of machines such as tractors promoted large scale farming
the use of artificial fertilizer to improve soil fertility
use of pesticides in farming led to improved quality of crops
cross breeding of crops and animals led to improved quality of crops and animals
improved infrastructure such as roads and railways led to effective marketing of farm
produce/ transportation of farm inputs to the farms
refrigeration /canning/pasteurization led to effective preservation of farm
produce/controlling temperatures in storage room
SECTION C ( 30 MARKS)
21a) State three ways in which education promotes national unity. (3 marks)
use of one curriculum in public
centralized national examinations
existence of national all schools which admit students from all over the county
through music and drama festivals by schools and colleges
b) Explain six rights of an accused person during trial in a court of law. (12 Marks)
the right to be heard – attend the hearing and present his case.
The opportunity to consider, challenge and contradict any evidence and call witnesses
Right to legal representation – right to have a lawyer
Adequate notice of all allegations against him/her and procedures
One is considered innocent until proven guilty by court of law
One should have access to the case proceedings touching on his case.
22a) Give five reasons that can make a registered person to lose citizenship in Kenya. ( 5 marks)
If one is disloyal to the state
If during war one trades/communicates with the enemy
If one reveals the country’s secrets to another county
If one is sentenced for a period of twelve months within five years from the date of
registration
If one stays out of the country continuously for seven years without registering with the kenya
embassy abroad
If registration was obtained through fraud
b) Explain five social responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen. (10 marks)
Promote gender sensitivity- by avoiding gender discrimination and respecting and protecting
the rights and freedoms of each gender in education, politics and administration
promote gender sensitivity- by avoiding gender discrimination and respecting and protecting
the rights and freedoms of each gender in education, politics and administration
promoting good morals-promote positive values in the society such as honesty, decency , hard
work , respect and moral uprightness.
Promoting good health practices- includes maintaining high standards of hygiene, protection
against infections and seeking prompt treatment
Helping in emergencies- help people during disasters such as floods, famine ear quakes etc
Taking care of the vulnerable in society –being mindful of the welfare of the needy people in
the society e.g the sick, physically challenged etc.
