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FM Global
Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets 1-15
July 2014
Interim Revision January 2021
Page 1 of 28

1.0 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3.
1.1 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.2 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
2.0 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4
2.1 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1.1 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.1.2 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1.3 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
2.1.4 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
2.1.5 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
2.2 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
2.3 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
2.4 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
3.0 .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................12
3.1 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
3.1.1 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
3.2 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
3.2.1 (BLWT) ............................................................................................................................................................ 13
3.2.2 (SSR) ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15
3.2.3 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
3.2.4 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
3.3 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
3.3.1 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
3.3.2 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 19
3.4 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
3.5 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
3.6 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
3.7 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
3.8 FM ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
4.0 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................20.
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 4.1
4.2 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
4.3 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
A .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................22
B ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................24
C : .................................................................................................................................................................................................24
C.1 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25 C.2
C.3 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
C.4 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28

2.1.1.1 ( ) ..................5

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1-15 Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels
Page 2 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

2.1.1.9a 2.1.1.9b
..................................................................................................................................6
2.1.1.11a ..................................................................................................................................................................................7
2.1.1.11b ..................................................................................................................................................................................7
2.1.1.12 SEAOC-PV2, 2017 ......................................................................................................8
2.1.2.1 ..............................................................................................................................................................9
2.2.2a (CB = ,)
RCD = GFDI = ) .....................................................................................................10
2.2.2b .................................................................................................................................11
2.2.2c (
) .....................................................................................................................................................................................11
3.2.1.1a .......................................................................................................................................14
3.2.1.1b
..................................................................................................................................................................................15
3.2.1.1c ..........................................................................................................................................................16
3.2.2a ..............................................................................................................16
3.2.2b : SSR 17
C.1-1 PV ...........................................................................................................................................................25
C.3-1 ASCE 7-16 (<=7 ) .......................................................................................................................................27
C.3-2 ........................................................................................................................................... PV 27

2.1.4.1. PV ................................................................................................................................................................9
3.2.3.2. PV .............................................................................................................18
3.8. (KZ) ...................................................................................................................................................................20.
C.2-1 ASCE 7-16 1-28 GCp ..........................................................................................................................26
C.3-2 .................................................................................................................................................................28
C.4-1 ..................................................................................................................................................................28

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Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels 1-15
FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 3

1.0
(PV)

PV
7-106

1.1
2021 1

1.2

1.2.1

1.2.1.1
PV

1.2.1.2

1.2.1.3
PV PV

PV

1.2.1.4

1.2.2

1.2.2.1
PV ( )
PV
PV
PV
PV

PV
( ) ( EVA)

(ASTM E108) ( C B A)

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1-15 Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels
Page 4 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

2.0
FM FM FM
RoofNav
FM Global FM Global
3.8

2.1

2.1.1
2.1.1.1 DS 1-28 PV
:

A. 1-28 MRI

B. C DS B
28 DS 1-28 D
C. ASCE 7 DS 1-8 (KZT) (<6 10% )
KZT 1.0

D. FM PV 4478

E. (qh) 2.1.1.2

2.1.1.6. PV ( ) 2.1.1.1

1.6 ( ) 2.0

2.1.1.2 ( 7) 10 in PV (254 mm) Data Sheet 1-

28 SEAOC PV 2(2017) PV
C

2.1.1.3 PV :

A. SEAOC PV2 2017 ( 4.2 )

B. ASCE 49( ) (BLWT) BLWT

3.2.1

1. BLWT

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Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels 1-15
FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 5

2.1.1.1 ( )
2.

3. ( 10,000 ) :

a. BLWT ( 3.2.1 )

b. (EWA)

2.1.1.4 FM (ESC) (SSR) PV

ESC SSR
4471 FM ssr 1-31
ssr SSR

2.1.1.1 2.1.1.2 2.1.1.3 ( )

2.1.1.5 PV 1/2 in (2.4 ) PV

2.1.1.1 2.1.1.2 2.1.1.3

0.4 ( ) ASTM D1894( )

( )

2.1.1.6 PV

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1-15 Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels
Page 6 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

PV

2.1.1.7 ASTM C1491 ASTM C1262( / ) PV

5% (
)

2.1.1.8 PV
2.1.1.9 / (
) ( 2.1.1.9a 2.1.1.9b 3.2.1.1c)

2.1.1.9a 2.1.1.9b
2.1.1.10 PV

2.1.1.11
( 2.1.1.11a b)

2.1.1.12 ( ) :

A. (ASD) 2.0
; (LRFD ) 1.25

B. ( A )

C.
( A ) 2H( H= ) 1 1
3 2 ( 2.1.1.12)

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FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 7

2.1.1.11a

2.1.1.11b

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1-15 Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels
Page 8 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

2.1.1.12 PV SEAOC-PV2, 2017

3( ): 2h x 2h
2 ( ): 2h
1 ( ): 3 2 2h
1 ( ): bbb10h 5h

2.1.2

2.1.2.1 PV
( ) 2.1.2.1

2.1.2.1

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 1-15
FM Page 9

2.1.2.2 ( ) :

A. 4478 FM
B. FM 1A

C. FM 1A

D. FM A FM
( 1/4 ) [6 ]) ( )

2.1.2.3 ( )
1

2.1.2.4 (MFL) 50 (15 ) ( DS 1-42 MFL )

2.1.2.5
4 (1.2 )
150 (46 );

2.1.3
2.1.3.1 1/4 (1.2 ) 2.1.1.5

2.1.3.2 DS 1-54
FM
2.1.3.3 DS 1-54
2 3 psf(0.10 0.14
kPa)

2.1.3.4 DS 1-54

2.1.4
2.1.4.1 ( FM 4478 4476 ) PV DS 1-34
2.1.4.1

2.1.4.1 PV

2.1.5
2.1.5.1 50 ~ 500 PV (
DS 1-2 )

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1-15 Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels
Page 10 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

ASCE 7 13 FM PV
4478

3.1.1

2.2
2.2.1 PV NFPA 70 2017
( ) 690 ( )
NEC 2017
PV 2.2.2C

3.3

2.2.2a (CB = RCD = GFDI = )

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Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels 1-15
FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 11

2.2.2b

2.2.2c ( )

2.2.2

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1-15 Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels
Page 12 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

2.2.3 PV

2.2.4 DS 5-31
2.2.5 IEC/EN 61215-1 61215-1 61215-2 PV

2.2.6 IEC/EN 61730-2 (PV) 2 : ANSI/UL 1703

PV

2.3
2.3.1

2.3.2

2.3.3 PV

2.4
2.4.1 PV

3.0

3.1 PV
PV
( ) 3 (EVA) (PET)
Kynar Tedlar
(DC)
AC
AC /

PV PV

PV DS 7-106

3.1.1

PV

PV (PV
)

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Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels 1-15
FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 13

PV PV
PV

3.2

3.2.1 (BLWT) PV
(BLWT) PV
PV
( 3.2.1.1b) ( )

(BLWT) (AWT)
BLWT
Exposure C

BLWT BLWT
( 3.2.1.1)
PV BLWT BLWT
PV

BLWTs BLWTs:

(CSU)
( UWO)
Cermak, Peterka and Peterson (CPP)
Rowan, Williams, Davies and Irwin, Inc. (RWDI
I.F.I.
Force Technology

Peutz Ltd

A. :

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1-15 Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels
Page 14 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

1.
(<= 0.5%)
BLWT (
10%) ASCE

2.

B. ASCE
:

1.

2. BLWT

3.2.1.1

( 50%)

3.2.1.1a

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Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels 1-15
FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 15

3.2.1.1b

3.2.2 PV(SSR)

PV SSR 4478 FM SSR

DS 1-31 SSR
SSR PV SSR SSR
( 3.2a 3.2b) PV 1 PV
SSR
2
3 10 ( 0.3 1.0m2)) SSR
SSR C

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1-15 Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels
Page 16 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

3.2.1.1c

3.2.2a

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Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels 1-15
FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 17

3.2.2b : SSR

3.2.3

(EWA) EWA

PV EWA EWA EWA

EWA EWA (
) EWA :

A. (FEA)

B. (VLD)

C. 3.2.3.3

3.2.3.1 (FEA)
(PV ) PV
( SEAOC PV 2 )

1: ( PV )

2: (
)

3: PV
PV PV

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1-15 Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels
Page 18 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

4: ( ) ( )

5: 2 5

3.2.3.2 PV EWA
FEA VLD EWA 3.2.3.3

3.2.3.2 PV EWA

3.2.4
PV PV PV

DS 1-29

3.3

3.3.1
PV

PV PV

(GFP) NEC
690

NEC 2017

(AFCI)

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Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels 1-15
FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 19

3.3.2 PV
PV PV

PV :

a. ( )

B. ( PV )

C.PV ( PV
)

D.

PV NFPA 70 690.5(A)
(GFPD)
GFPD (
)

3.4 PV
PV
PV

1 ( ) ( ) 1
2 MFL

PV 1

PV ( )

PV

PV

3.5

3.6
PV 4478 PV 4476

PV

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1-15 Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels
Page 20 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

3.7 PV
FM

3.8 FM
FM :
A. ?
2.1.2.1 B.
2.1.2.1 2.1.2.2
C. (qh) ( 3.8)

D. (EWA 3.2.3 )
PV EWA EWA 1 9
( / ) PV ewa

3.8 (KZ)

4.0

4.1
1-2
1-28,Wind Design
1-29 1-31

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Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels 1-15
FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 21

1-34
1-42,MFL
1-54
5-11
5-19
5-20
5-23 7-106
fm4476
FM 4478 2016 12
ANSI/FM 4473

FM
FM

4.2
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. ASCE 7,
2016.
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Wind Tunnel Studies of Buildings and Other Structures. Manual of
Practice 67.
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Wind Tunnel Testing for Buildings and Other Structures. ASCE 49.
ASTM International. Standard Specification for Concrete Roof Pavers. ASTM C1491-11.
ASTM International. Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Dry-Cast Segmental
Retaining Wall Units and Related Concrete Units. ASTM C1262-10.
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems: Minimum Requirements for
System Documentation, Commissioning Tests and Inspection. IEC 62446. International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC). Crystalline Silicon Terrestrial Photovoltaic (PV) Modules: Design Qualification and Type Approval. IEC/EN
61215-1, 61215-1-1, and IEC/EN 61215-2. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Photovoltaic (PV) module
safety qualifications, Part 2: Requirements for Testing. IEC/EN 61730-2.
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). National Electric Code. NFPA 70, 2017.
Structural Engineers Association of California (SEAOC). Structural Seismic Requirements and Commentary for
Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Systems. SEAOC PV1-2012.
Structural Engineers Association of California (SEAOC). Wind Design for Low-Profile Solar Photovoltaic Arrays on
Flat Roofs. SEAOC PV2-2017.
Underwriters Laboratories (UL). UL 1699B

Underwriters Laboratories (UL). Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Modules. ANSI/UL 1703.

UL 1741

4.3
ASTM International. Fire Tests of Roof Coverings. ASTM E108.
Grant, Casey C. Fire Fighter Safety and Emergency Response for Solar Power Systems. Fire Protection Research
Foundation (FPRF). May 2010 (revised October 2013).
International Standards Organization (ISO). General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration
Laboratories. ISO/IEC 17025:2005.
Jackson, P. Target Roof PV Fire of 4-5-09, 9100 Rosedale Hwy, Bakersfield, CA. City of Bakersfield,
California, Development Services/Building Department Memorandum.

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1-15 Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels
Page 22 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

Los Angeles City Fire Department Requirement FPB 96 12/14 Pagnamenta, R.

BP 2009 6 29

(ASD):

(AFCI):

: NEC 2017 UL 1699B

(200 )

:PV ( )
( ) ( )

: PV

:
( )

: ( )
PV

( ): (
)
(
)

(CFD):

dc - dc : PV PV

dc - dc :dc- dc

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Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels 1-15
FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 23

dc - dc :dc- dc dc- dc

FM : FM FM
FM RoofNav

: (DC) (AC)

:
( )

: 1.75 (44 ) 15 (MRI)

PV: PV PV

: ( ) pv

PV : PV
AC

PV: 60 72 39.4 (1 ) 65 77
(1.65 ~ 2.0 m)

PV : PV

: 1.75 (44 ) 2 (51 mm) 15

(MRI)

PV:PV PV

:DS 1-34

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1-15 Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels
Page 24 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

b
(
)

2021 1

2020 10
2020 7

2020 2 :
A. 2017

B. 5 10 PV (125 ~ 250mm)

C. PV

2014 10 ( 12B PV )

2014 7

c :PV
ASCE 7-16 SEAOC PV2-2017

C.1
PV 24 (610mm) (SSR) (ESC) in
(1.2 ) PV 2 PV (50mm)
5in (127 ) PV 60 39 (1 ) 66 (1.68 ) PV C.1-1 PV
3 ESC 6 (152 ) 1
(52 ) 800 :

H = 33 (10 ) C KZ= 1.0 per Table 3.8

WL= 246 (75 ) WS= 140 (42.7 )

V = 110 / (49 / ) 1-28

KZT= 1.0KD= 0.85 1-28

Ke= 1.0 1-28

ESC PV SSR
100 (30.5 ) 6 (1.8 )

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Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels 1-15
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C.1-1 PV

C.2
STEP1: PV 10 ASCE 7-16 SEAOC PV2
( 7) GCP= ASCE 7-16 30.3-2A 1-28 ( C.2.1)

STEP2: (E)= 1.5) PV

2
ESC 6.50 8.53 (0.6 0.8m2)) GCP (EWA) 10 2

(1m2))

STEP3: 10 EWA2(1m2) A= 0.8 / ASCE 7-16 5 in (127 mm)

(h1=h2)) (G) in (19 ) SEAOC PV2(2017) 0.6 (A))

qH=0.00256KZKZTKDKeV2= 0.00256(1.0)(1.0)(0.85)(1.0)(110)2= 26.3 psf

P =qH(GCP) E A

3:
P = (26.3) (-3.2) (1.5) (0.6) = -75.9 PSF
P = (26.3) (-3.2) (1.0) (0.6) = -50.6 PSF

2:
P = (26.3) (-2.3) (1.5) (0.6) = -54.6 PSF
P = (26.3) (-2.3) (1.0) (0.6) = -36.4 PSF

1:
P = (26.3) (-1.7) (1.5) (0.6) = -40.3 PSF
P = (26.3) (-1.7) (1.0) (0.6) = -26.9 PSF

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1-15 Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels
Page 26 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

1:
P = (26.3) (-0.9) (1.5) (0.6) = -21.3 PSF P = (26.3) (-0.9) (1.0) (0.6) = -14.
2 PSF
C.3-2

C.2-1 ASCE 7-16 1-28 GCp

:GCp 10 (EWA)2(1m2))

C.3
A. C.3 -2
B. = 1.5 :

1. 1 2

2. 1 2

3. 1 2 = 1.5

C. 3.2 (1/8 ) ASTM E 1300 ( ) 102 PV

105 psi f(5.0 ) 65.6 (3.1 )
1.6 C.3-2 PV 20 (6.1 )

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Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels 1-15
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C.3-1 ASCE 7-16 (<=7 )

C.3-2 PV

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1-15 Roof-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels
Page 28 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

C.3-2

C.4

5 (635mm) in (19mm) A

0.6 SEAOC PV2-2017 ASCE 7-16 0.8

4 10 (3.05 ) 15 (4.
6 ) C.3-1 20 (6.1 ) 1
1' 2 3

6 (1.8 ) 100 (30.5 )

= 1.5 >4 (1.2 )

100 100 (30.5 30.5 ) 800

14 30 14 C.3-2 840
C.4-1

C.4-1

* C.3-2

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