CODE MIXING IN INSTAGRAM CAPTION

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

Lecturer : EMELIYA SUKMA DARA DAMANIK, M.Hum

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P
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BY : REYNALDA SAFIRA MARPAUNG

NIM : 0304161009

FACULTY OF TEACHING AND TRAINING

THE STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA
2019
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

English is important in this word because English is international language. Nowadays,

English is familiar language, many people can say English.The students can learn English
starting from young until old.English is a tool to communicate with each other.

In teacher training and education especially at English study program, students must
use English. They can be given punishment when they do not obey this regulation from
English study program role. There is no choice for the students who take English study
program to speak in their language. It is also applied to first semester students that they must
speak English while they communicate.

In this era that always communicate by media using code mixing in their speak. Some
media they used are Instagram, BBM, Message, WA, LINE, and Facebook. Some of that
media they applied but they always using Instagram in their communication. Instagram is
easy to be used by students while they are at public places. . The researcher will describe and
explain about how students code mixing in Instagram and also students reason code mixing
in Instagram. Researcher used descriptive method to explain this research, by collecting
1
message in Instagram caption on social media account.

1.2 . Research Question

Based on the background above, this study was conducted to answer the following
research question :

1. What are the kinds of code mixing used in Instagram?

2. What are the social functions of code mixing used in Instagram?

1
Nilawati. 2010. functions and reason for code swithing on Instagram by Utar English- Mandarin
Chinese Bilingual Undergraduates. Malaysia: University Tuanku Abdul Rahman (UTAR)
1.3 Objectives of Study

Considering the problem above, the objectives of this research are as follows :

1. To know the kinds of code mixing used in Instagram.

2. To know the social functions of code mixing using in Instagram.

1.4. Limitation of the Study

This study focused on the utterance of code mixing in Instagram. This qualitative
research is to know how far the students use code mixing (word, phrase, hybrid, idiom,
clause, and repetition words) in Instagram.

1.5. Significance of the Study

The result of this research hopefully can give many benefits for :

1. Myself, this research will be very useful for me as a prospective teacher, and when me
as a teacher, I can use this strategy in teaching.
2. This research will help the students to improve their vocabulary mastery with
interesting strategy
3. For english teacher, this research will be useful to increase knowledge and their
teaching by using strategy.
The readers, it is expected the reader can increase information and can understanding
semantic mapping strategy as a strategy that improving students’ vocabulary mastery.

CHAPTER II
 THEORITICAL REVIEW

In this research, there are some theories used as a foundation to support the analysis of
this research. They are the theories of code-mixing, and Instagram. The explanation of the
theories as follows:

1. Code Mixing

Code mixing occurs when conversant use both languages together to the extent that
they change from one language to the other in the course of a single utterance (Wardhaugh,
1998:103). According to Holmes (1992: 50), code mixing suggests the speaker's mix codes
indiscriminately because of incompetence.

Code mixing is the embedding of various linguistic units such as affixes (bound
morphemes), words (unbound morphemes), phrases and clauses from a co-operative activity
where the participants, in order to infer what is intended, must reconcile what they hear with
what they understand (Bokamba, 1989). Bokamba as cited in Bima (2012): Code
mixing is defines both concept thus: Code switching is the mixing of
words, phrases and sentences from two distinct grammatical (sub) system
across sentence boundaries within the same speech even…code mixing is
the embedding of various linguistic unit such as affixes (bound
morphemes), words (unbound morphemes), phrases and clauses from a
cooperative activity where the participants, in order to infer what is
intended, must reconcile what they hear with what they understand. It
means that the common thing between these two codes is that the term
of code switching emphasizes switching from one language to another,
while the term of code mixing often emphasizes hybridization.

Based on the quotations above the researcher conclude that code mixing is the use two
languages or more by transferring one or more of linguistic elements of one language in
anther in the speech without changing the meaning of sentence, because the elements just
support the sentence of another languages, which are inserted. 2

2. Types of Code Mixing

According to Suwito (1983:76), code mixing is divided into two types:

2
Suzane Romaine, Bilingualism, 1995, Oxford, UK, Blackwell, p. 122-12
a) Inner code mixing, in which happens because elements insertion from
original language with all its variation.

b) Outer code mixing, in which occurs because of elements insertion

stemming from foreign language. It means that the first language of the
speaker in this case, national language is inserted with his or her own
language (original language) or inserted with a foreign language from the
speaker background.

Types of code mixing, according to Muysken (2000:1) divided into

three main types: 1. Insertion (word phrase)

Approaching that depart from the notion of insertion new to

constraint in term of the structural properties some base or matrix
structures. Here the process of code mixing is conceived as something
borrowing.

For example, nanti siang jadi meeting di mana?

2. Alternation

Approaches departing from alternation view the constraint on

mixing in terms of capability or equivalence of the language involved at
the switch point.

Example such EnglishIndonesian, “ngeprint berapa lembar sih,

butuhnya”.

3. Congruent lexicalization (dialect)

The notion of congruent lexicalization underlies the study of style

shifting and dialect/standard variation rather than bilingual language use
proper.

For example, “hey, how are you? I’m Sam. Senang bertemu anda.
Nice to meet you. These three basic processes are constrained by
different structural conditions and in different ways in specific bilingual
settings.3
3
David C.S. (2008). Understanding mixed code and classroom code-switching:
myths
 Suwito (1985) divides the kinds of code mixing into six classifications
there are words, phrase, hybrid, repetition, idioms and clauses.
1) Word

Word is the smallest unit of language consists of a morpheme or

more than a morpheme.
Example: Aku tidak tahu chord lagu ini. (I don’t know this chord song.)

2) Phrase

Phrase is grammatical analysis to refer to a single element of

structure typically containing more than one words, and lacking the subject
and predicate structure typical of clauses.
Example: Dia menjadi single parent sejak sepuluh tahun yang lalu. (He
has been a single parent since ten years ago.)

3) Hybrid

Hybrid is the result from unification of two different language

substances which has meaning.
Example: Jadi orang itu tidak boleh ngejudge orang lain seenaknya. (We
shouldn’t judge others.)

4) Repetition Word

Repetition word is a word formed because of reduplication.

Example: Saya mendengar kabar kalau dia masuk rumah sakit tapi
aku kurang percaya karena terakhir aku lihat dia fine-fineaja.
(I heard that she’s in hospital but I’m not sure because the last time I see,
she’s fine.)

5) Idiom

Idiom is group of words with a meaning that is different from the

meaning of the individual word. It means that idiom creates new meaning
that is different from the real meaning of each word.
and realities. New Horizons Journal. Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 75-87@Dec 2008.
http://www.newhorizonsineducation.com. October 19th 2014..
 Example:

Kamu jangan mengeluhkan pekerjaanmu, piece of cake loh!

(You don’t complain your job, it just piece of cake!)

6) Clause

Clause is a unit of grammatical organization smaller than the

sentence, but larger than the phrases, words or morphemes and clause
having a subject and predicate.
Example: Can you hear me kalau aku teriak dari sini? (Can you hear me
if I shout from here?)

Terkadang aku bilang I miss youke dia. (Sometimes I said I miss you for
him).4

3. Social Function of Using Code Mixing

Troike (1982:68) states that some functions of code mixing which occur in
society are:

a. as group identification

b. as solidarity

c. distancing

d. redefinition of situation

e. to soften or strengthen request command

f. to say something twice in different language in order to intensify or

eliminate ambiguity
g. as humorous effect or to indicate that a referentially derogatory
comment is not to be taken seriously
h. as direct quotation which may range from stereotypical

imitative speech in joking to learn citation.

4
Appel, R., & Muysken, P. (2005). Code Switching and Code Mixing. In Language Contact and
Bilingualism (pp. 117-128). Amsterdam University Press.
 i. as ideological statement
As avoidance strategy, either if certain forms that are incompletely learned in
one of the language require (usually because of pronominal selection) a social status
distinction one does not wish to make. 5

4. Instagram

Instagram is a social network that is most popularly used to post photos. Users
upload photos digitally, apply filters to edit their appearance and share the photos
with another user. (Lansverk, 2014)

a. History of Instagram

Kevin Systrom is a co-founder of Instagram. In 2009, Systrom worked for

a travel website called Nextstop. While there, he had an idea to build his own
app. Systrom’s app allowed people to use a mobile device’s Global Positioning
System (GPS) to tell others where they were. Users could also play games and
share the picture in the app.

Systron called his app Burbn. He then asked Mike Krieger to work on
Burb with him. The founders soon realized people most often used the app’s
photo-sharing function. So Systrom and Kreiger created a new app just for
sharing photos taken on mobile phones. The new app had special tools for
editing photos. It also allowed users to caption their images and comment on
others’ photos. Systrom and Kreiger called the app Instagram, a combination of
the words instant and telegram(Mattern, 2017: 8-9).

According to Mattern (2017:6), explains that Instagram is a photo and video-

sharing website. Users learn more about people they follow through visual post. Users
post everything from images of important life events to funny pet photos.

Instagram is a social network site designed around photo and video-sharing. It

enables users to take photos and videos with their mobile devices, apply digital filters
to them and share them on variety of social networking services, such as Facebook,
Twitter, Tumblr and Flickr, all of which are social media sites in their own right.

Instagram announced that it had already reached one million members

after only two months in operation! Less than a year later, more than 150
5
Kachru, Y., & Nelson, C. (2006). Code-mixing and code-switching. In World
 million photos had been uploaded to the site. By 2011, the site had grown to
6
include 10 million users.

6
Landsverk, Kjell H. 2014. The Instagram Handbook 2014 Edition, UK: PrimeHead
 CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1. Research Design

In this research, the researcher uses a qualitative approach. This approach related to
the data which are words, sentences, or pictures.. According to (Creswell, 1994), qualitative
research is an inquiry process of understanding based on distinct methodological traditions of
inquiry that explore a social or human problem. The researcher builds a complex, holistic
picture, analyzes words, reports detailed views of informants, and conducts the study in a
natural setting. In other word, qualitative research is research which related with human
behavior that produced the data in the form of written or spoken.

3.2. Object of the Research

The object of this research is the use of code mixing which is used by Instagram user
post in their social media, especially in Instagram.

3.3. Technique of Data Collection

According to Kothari (2004:96), there are several methods for collecting primary
data; those are observation method, interview method, questionnaire method, schedule, and
another method, which include warranty cards, distributor audits, pantry audits, consumer
panels, mechanical devices, projective technique, depth interview, and content analysis.

Then according to Mackey and Gass (2005: 167), in the qualitative approach, data
collection can be included: ethnographies, interviews, diaries/journals, case studies and
observational techniques.However, in this research, the researcher employs documentation to
collect the data.

1. Documentation

The writers as a researcher need documents to know the situation of the object
for this research. The document needed here are photos or video with caption or
comments. There are some steps to get the documents:
 a. Found the Instagram User are the result of interview before.
b. Watch the pictures one by one together the caption or comment using code
mixing.
c. After finding the code mixing, capturing that page, then save the page.
d. The captures were documented.

3.4. Technique of Analyzing Data

According to (Bogdan & Biklen, 1992 cited in Creswell, 1994), a qualitative data
analysis is several simultaneous activities that engage the attention of researcher; collecting
information from the field, sorting the information into a story or picture, and actually writing
the qualitative text. Then Sugiyono (2011:244) argued that analysis data is a process to find
and arrange the data systematically taken from the result of the interview, observation, and
documentation. Analysis data from the collecting data is the most important step in
conducting a research.

From the statements above the researcher using documentation to get the information
about the using of code mixing. Then, the researcher use documentations to get the data of
code mixing utterances. After that, the researcher classified the data into kinds of code
mixing then discuses.
 CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS

In the data display, the researcher analyzes the result from documentations, and then
the data view organized and arranged in a pattern so would be understood easily.

4.1 Data Analysis

In this research, researcher makes the sample of data. The data’s written on the table
form, and it taken from the capture of Instagram. As follows:

NO Sentences Meaning
1. “Kali ini aku ngobrol dengan Mbak Nuran Abdat Meant by bullying beauty is someone who judges
membahas sisi/dampak psikologis dari bullying someone physically
beauty
2. “Kayanya kita harus mulai berfikir lebih panjang Meant by post is when we want to send something
sebelum berkomentar/ post on our social media.
3. Kalau tidak dijaga, badan bias cepet drop Meant by drop is when the state of the body begins
to weak
4. Bulan Ramadhan ini kita shooting dari pgi sampai Meant by shooting is someone who does the film
malam dari sore sampai pagi lagi recording process
5. Share yuk moment puasa kalian dengan hashtag Meant by share is a verb that means to want to
share.Moment is something special happened
6. Nah saat libur lebaran kayak gini emang paling pas Meant by travelling is thing done during long
buat travelling dengan keluarga untu quality time. holidays. Quality time is valuable time spent on
something or someone
7. Karena dia selalu tau cara bikin aku happy setiap hari. Meant by happy is a good feeling in someone,
8. Tidak hanya cukup dengan ilmu saja tapi support dari Meant by support is is a saying that keeps people
seluruh pihak. excited.
9. Meskipun waktu itu struggle juga sih antara Meant by struggle is a process where someone
sekolah,nyanyi dan main film rasanya kayak naik wants to be the goal. Meant by rollercoaster is a
rollercoaster ,belum lagi deg-degannya game that really tests someone's guts
10. Peserta dengan best costume bakal dapat hadiah Meant by best costume is the thing that has the best
 costume and unique.
11. Pernah ngga ngerasa your hair looks perfect just after Meant by your hair looks perfect just after a
a shower , tapi pas keluar rumah malah awut-awutan. shower is the thing where a person looks perfect
with his hair after bathing
12. Umur segini adalah umur dimana metabolisme tubuh Meant by since is time period.
loe rusak se rusaknya Since gw hamper ½ abad
13. Tapi kalau kalian punya fans lain selain saya. Meant by fans is someone who is amazed by idols
14. Akhirnya officially graduated yaaa Meant by officially graduated is has won a
bachelor's degree
15. Still thinking about lontong and rending Meant by still thinking about is moment can’t
forgetten by someone.
16. Harusnya di upload tanggal 1 kemaren karna ultah Meant by upload is same with meaning post and
sent , but upload meant that when someone share
something in social media.
17. Meganawiwi superhero aku waktu bosen kerja cuma Meant by superhero is someone important in life
duduk doang
18. Sehat terus meg , biar happy terus , love you meg Meant by happy is a good feeling in someone, love
you is a good feeling in someone.
19. Bahkan nulis dikertas yang isinya 50 list , gue nulisnya Meant by list is a list written by a person in a note
20. Tapi gue sayang sama loo . Please dong Zahra lo Meant by please is the feeling of begging someone
jangan insecure , Lo itu cantic , pinter Insecure is feeling worried with someone.
21. Itulah adalah brand yang terkenal banget Meant by brand is the name of product
22. Hampir semua collection udah keluar dan seneng Meant by collection is the kinds of some product.
banget juga response dari buyer bagus banget. Responses meant by feeling somone looking
something new. Buyer is somone buy something.
23. Untuk menjaga kerukunan dengan ga gampang Meant by hoax is is something that is not true
kepancing hoax
24. Menurut lo gimana tentang video viral Sasa Bumbu Meant by viral is that happening
Rendang
25. Ternyata setelah survey dan interview Meant by survey is when someone doing
observation. Interview is when someone ask about
information to other people.
26. Untuk memperkaya pengetahuan dan skill Meant by skill is talent
 berkomunikasiku
27. Sebentar lagi diriku dan team akan memulai journey Meant by team is same with group or a friend in a
kita keliling Indonesia group. Journey is make experince .
28. Bye , bentar Bali. Meant by bye is feeling when want to left somone
or something
29. Honestyly feeling grateful bias satu kelompok sama Meant by Honestyly feeling grateful is honest
mereka feeling in being grateful and happy
30 Udah kaya second family for me. Meant by second family for me is people who are
loved.
31. Selamat & sukses Kak Rani, semoga berkah manfaat Meant by Happy Graduation is expressing
ilmunya, Happy Graduation. congratulation for someone.
32. By the way , menurut lo gimana tentang video Meant by by the way is expressing small talk when
starting a conversation.
33. Thanks for this , tapi kalau kalian punya idola lain… Meant by thanks for this is expressing when
someone being grateful to support someone.
34. Maaf aku lebih percaya sama feelingku daripada Meant by feeling is feelings that someone has
ocehan yang gak jelas.

35. Mumpung ada waktu shopping-shoping bentar ya Meant by shoping shoping is a verb that aims to
jadinya cekrak
buy something.

4.2 Types of Code Mixing Analaysis

 In this research, researcher makes the sample of data. The data’s written on the table

form about the types of code mixing according Suwito divides into six classification , and it
taken from the capture of Instagram. As follows:

No Tpes of Code Mixing Sentences Meanings (In Indonesian)

.
1. Words Noun Moment Saat
Still Masih
About Tentang
And Dan
Brand Merek
Viral Hal yang sedang terjadi
Team Tim
Second Family for me Keluarga Kdua Untuuku
Superhero Pahlawan
Fans Penggemar
Rollercoaster Wahana permainan.
Quality time Waktu berharga
Best Coustume Pakaian terbaik
List Daftar
Skill Bakat.
Hoax Omong Kosong.
Collection Pilihan/ Jenis.
Feeling Perasaan
Buyer Pembeli.
Love you Cinta kepada mu

Verb Shooting Syuting

Share Membagikan
Travelling Berjalan-jalan
Support Mendukung
Struggle Berjuang
 Graduated Lulus
Thinking Berfikir
Survey Meneliti
Interview Mewawancara
Journey Perjalanan.

Adverb Please Tolonglah

Honestly Sejujurnya
Officially Secara Resmi
Since Sejak

Adjective Happy Senang

Insecure Tidak Aman
Grateful Bersyukur
2. Pharase Noun Happy Graduation Selamat Wisuda
Pharase
3. Hybrids Di Upoload Di Unggah
4. Repetition Words Shopping- shopping Belanja-belanja
5. Idioms By the way Ngomong-Ngomong
6. Clauses Idependent Thanks you for this Terima Kasih buat ini.
Clause
 CHAPTER V

CLOSING

5.1 Conclusion

Based on the the research , the researcher have found the types of code mixing on
Instagram especially in the caption. The researcher found the most dominand the types of
code mixing accordin Suwito in caption on Instagram is Word. For Noun is 20 ,Verb is 10,
Adverb is 4 and Adjective is 3. And for noun pharase is 1 , Hybrids is 1 , Repatition words is
1 , Idioms, is 1 , Clauses is 1.

5.2 Suggestion

As we know, the research is not perfect as the experts had done. , but here the
researcher had done her best to complied tjis research. mThe readers crtics and suggestion
are very needed fo the better result of this research . Hopefully this research wi be useful for
the readers

REFRENCES
Appel, R., & Muysken, P. (2005). Code Switching and Code Mixing. In Language Contact
and Bilingualism (pp. 117-128). Amsterdam University Press.

David C.S. (2008). Understanding mixed code and classroom code-switching: myths
and realities. New Horizons Journal. Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 75-87@Dec 2008.

Nilawati. 2010. functions and reason for code swithing on Instagram by Utar English-
Mandarin Chinese Bilingual Undergraduates. Malaysia: University Tuanku Abdul
Rahman (UTAR)

Suzane Romaine, Bilingualism, 1995, Oxford, UK, Blackwell.

Kachru, Y., & Nelson, C. (2006). Code-mixing and code-switching. In World.

Landsverk, Kjell H. 2014. The Instagram Handbook 2014 Edition, UK: PrimeHead