,ay; - 5

rpWgQ;r%yk;
- fhhpahrhd;
rpWtpdh:
1. rpWgQ;r%yk; - Fwpg;G tiuf.
 rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fisj; njhlHe;J ePjpE}y;fs; Njhd;wpd.
 mit gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F vdj; njhFf;fg;gl;ld.
 mtw;Ws; xd;W rpWgQ;r%yk;.
 Ie;J rpwpa NtHfs; vd;gJ ,jd; nghUs;.
 mit fz;lq;fj;jphp> rpWtOJiz> rpWky;yp> ngUky;yp> neUQ;rp
Mfpad.
 ,t;NtHfshy; Md kUe;J clypd; Nehiag; Nghf;FfpwJ.
 mJNghyr; rpWgQ;r%yg; ghly;fspy; cs;s Ie;ije;J fUj;Jfs;
kf;fspd; mwpahikia Nghf;FfpwJ.
 ,g;ghly;fs; ed;ik jUtd> jPik jUtd> eifg;Gf;F chpad
vd;Dk; tifapy; tho;tpay; cz;ikfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wd.
 ,jpy; 98 ghly;fs; cs;sd. ekf;F 22k; ghly; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

2. fhhpahrhd; - Fwpg;G tiuf.

 MrphpaH ngaH - fhhpahrhd;
 ,aw;ngaH - fhhp
 njhopy; - Mrhd;
 fhyk; - Ie;jhk; E}w;whz;L
 rpwg;G - kJiu jkpohrphpaH khf;fhadhhpd; khztH
khf;fhhpahrhd; vd;W ghapur;nra;As; rpwg;gpf;fpwJ.

3. %thJ %j;jtH E}y;ty;yhH - ,j;njhlH czHj;Jk; nghUis vOJf.

G+thJ fha;f;Fk; kuk; cs; ed;W mwpthH>

%thJ %j;jtH> E}y; ty;yhH; jhth

 G+f;fhkNy rpy kuq;fs; fha;g;gJz;L.

 ,ijg; NghyNt ed;ik> jPikfis ed;FzHe;jtH tajpy;
,isatuhf ,Ue;jhYk; mtH %j;jtNuhL itj;J vz;zj; jf;ftNu
MthH.
 ghj;jp mikj;J tpij tpijf;fhkNy jhNd Kisj;J tsUk;
tpijfSk; cs;sd.
 mijg; NghyNt NkijaUk; gpwH czHj;jhky; vijAk; jhNk
czHe;Jf;nfhs;tH.
nrhy;Yk; nghUSk;:

%thJ – KJik milahky;

E}y; ty;yhH – ed;W> jPJ czHe;jtH
ehWt - Kisg;g
ciuahik – czHj;jhJ
%j;jtH – nray;fshy; nghpNahuha;j; jpfo;gtH
tpijahik – tpijf;fhkNyNa
tpj;Jcs – tpijfs;cs

,yf;fzf; Fwpg;Gfs;:

mwpthH> ty;yhH – tpidahyizAk; ngaH

tpijahik> ciuahik – vjph;kiwj; njhopw;ngaH
jhth - <Wnfl;l vjpHkiw nganur;rk;
G+thJ – vjpHkiwtpidnar;rk;
fha;f;Fk; kuk; - nra;Ak; vd;Dk; tha;;g;ghl;Lg; nganur;rk; (ck; vd;gJ
vjpHfhyj;ij czH;;j;JtJ)

FLk;g tpsf;F
- ghujpjhrd;
rpWtpdh:

1. FLk;g tpsf;F – Fwpg;G tiuf.

 ,J ghujpjhrd; vOjpa “FLk;g cwTfs; md;G” vd;Dk; E}ypy;

gpize;Js;sij ,e;E}y; fhl;LfpwJ.
 fw;w ngz;fspd; FLk;gNk gy;fiyf;fofkhf kpspUk; vd;gij
czHj;JfpwJ.
 FLk;gk; njhlq;fp cyfpidg; NgZjy; tiu jd; gzpfisr;
rpwg;ghfr; nra;Ak; ngz;Zf;F fy;tp Kjd;ikahdJ.
,d;wpaikahjJ MFk;.
 FLk;g cWg;gpdHfs; xt;nthUtUk; jq;fs; nghWg;Gfisr; rhpaha;
mwpe;J thOk;NghJ ,dpa ,y;tho;f;if mikAk; vd;gijf; $WfpwJ.
 ,e;E}y; 5 gFjpfshfg; gFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mit: 1. xU ehs; epfo;r;rp
2. tpUe;Njhk;gy;
3. jpUkzk;
4. kf;fl;NgW
5. KjpNahH fhjy;

 ekf;F “ tpUe;Njhk;gy;” vd;w ,uz;lhk; gFjpapy; jiytpapd; Ngr;rpy;

,lk; ngw;Ws;s ftpijfs; ekf;F jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
2. ghujpjhrd; - Fwpg;G tiuf.
,aw;ngaH : fdf Rg;Guj;jpdk;
CH : GJr;Nrhp
ngw;NwhH : fdfrig> ,yf;Fkp mk;khs;
gpwe;j ehs; : 29 04.1891
rpwg;G ngaHfs; : ghujpahH kPJ gw;Wf;nfhz;ljd; fhuzkhf
ghujpjhrd; vd jd; ngaiu khw;wpf;nfhz;lhH.
ghNte;jH
Gul;rpf;ftp
E}y;fs; : ghz;bad; ghpR> ,Uz;l tPL> mofpd; rphpg;G> FLk;g
tpsf;F> jkpopaf;fk;> ghNte;jH ghujpjhrd;
ftpijfs;.
tpUJ : “gprpuhe;ijahH” vd;w ehlf E}Yf;F rhfpj;jpa
mfhnjkp tpUJ fpilj;Js;sJ.
,jo; : Fapy;
,wg;G : 21.04.1964

3. rikg;gJ jho;th? ,d;gk; rikf;fpd;whH rikay; nra;tH? tpsf;Ff.

 mLg;gpdpy; neUg;gpid gw;w itj;Jr; rikf;Fk; fyj;jpy; nghUSld;

Ritiar; NrHj;J rikf;fpd;wdH.
 vdNt> czit cz;ZgtH ,d;gk; milfpd;wdH. mjidf;
fhl;bYk; > rikg;NghH ,d;gj;ijAk; NrHj;J rikf;fpd;wdH vd;W
$WfpwJ..
 czT rikg;gtH caph;gilg;gtH Nghd;wtH. mjdhy; rikg;gJ
jho;tpy;iy .

4. FLk;g tpsf;fpy; jiytpg;Ngr;rpy; ntspg;gLk; ngz;fy;tpf;fhd

fUj;Jfis ,d;iwa #oYld; xg;gpl;L vOJf.
 ngz;fs; fy;tp fw;f Ntz;Lk; vdTk; fy;tpawpT ,y;yhj ngz;fs;
fsHepyk; vdTk; $wpdhHfs;.
 NkYk;> fy;tpawpT cila ngz;fs;; gz;gLj;jg;gl;l epyk; vdTk;>
fsH epyj;jpy; Gy; tpisAk;> ey;y Gjy;tHfs; tpisahH vd;w epiy
,d;W ngUk;ghYk; khwptpl;lJ.
 ngz;fs; ,d;W vy;yhg; gzpfSf;Fk; te;Jtpl;ldH. Kjy; ngz;
NghH tpkhdpahf mthdp rJHNtjp gjtpNaw;Wtpl;lhH.
 rikay; NtiyfspYk; ,d;W ngz;fSf;Fj; Jizahf Mz;fSk;
njhopy; nra;aj; njhlq;fp tpl;ldH. ,UtUk; nghUsPl;ly; fhuzkhf
Ntiyf;Fr; nry;tjhy; ngz;fSf;f Mz;fs; cjtp nra;fpwhHfs;.
nrhy;Yk; nghUSk;:
1. fsHepyk; - ctHepyk;
2. tpisjy; - cUthFjy;
3. etpyy; - nrhy;yy;
4. Gjy;tHfs; - kf;fs;
5. fodp – ed;nra;epyk;
6. thD}h;jp nrYj;Jjy; - Mfha tpkhdk; ,af;Fjy;
7. itak;> ehdpyk; - cyfk;
8. Miz – fl;lisapLjy;
9. khf;fly; - ngUq;fly;
10. ,aw;Wf – nra;f
11. kpd;dhs; - xspukhl;lhs;
12. kpd;dhis – kpd;dy; Nghy xspHgtis
13. gzp - Ntiy
14. rypg;gpd;wp – maHT> ntWg;gpd;wp
15. ,d;gk; rikf;fpd;whH – kfpo;r;rpiag; gilj;jy;
16. ed;dhs; - Mz;fs; rikaiyj; jd; gzp vd Vw;Fk; ehs;
17. capH Mf;fy; - capiu cUthf;FtJ
18. jhop – rikf;Fk; fyd;
19. jzy; - neUg;G
20. mzpe;jpUe;J – mUfpy; mkHe;J
21. cs;sj;J md;gpl;l czT – cs;sj;jpy; Njhd;Wk; md;ghy; ghpkhWjy;
22. jtpHf;f Kbah - ePf;f Kbahj
23. ahz;Lk; - vg;nghOJk;
24. ,ikg;Nghjpy; - nehbg; nghOjpy;

,yf;fzf; Fwpg;Gfs;:

1. khf;fly; - chpr;nrhy; njhlH

2. nghd;NdNghy; - ctk cUG
3. tpy;ths; - ck;ikj;njhif
4. ,aw;Wf – tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W
5. tho;Nthk; - jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W
6. jtpHf;f xzh - <W nfl;l vjph;kiwg; nganur;rk;
7. Mf;fy; - njhopw;ngaH
8. kyHf;if – ctikj;njhif
9. ey;ywpT – gz;Gj;njhif
10. ciug;Ngd; - jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W
 fy;tpapy; rpwe;j ngz;fs;
rpWtpdh:
1. rq;ffhyg; ngz;ghw; GytHfspd; ngaHfis vOJf.
xsitahH
xf;$H khrhj;jpahH
Mjpke;jpahH
ntz;zpf;Faj;jpahH
nghd;KbahH
ms;@H ed;Ky;iyahH
ef;fz;izahH
fhf;ifg;ghbdpahH
nts;sptPjpahH
fhtw;ngz;L
eg;griyahH
2. ,d;iwa ngz;fy;tp vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; tpy;Yg;ghl;L tbtpy; ghly;
vOJf.
FOj;jiytH: “je;jdj;Njhk; vd;W nrhy;ypNa
tpy;ypdpy; ghl te;jUs;tha; fiykfNs
rq;ffhy ngz;bw; gbj;jpUf;f
rKjhak; rpwe;jpUe;jNj”
kw;NwhH : Mkh mz;Nz rKjhak; rpwe;jpUe;jNj
FOj;jiytH : ,ilapy; te;j %l ek;gpf;ifahy; ngz;fs;
,y;yj;jpNy milg;gl;L epd;wdNu
fw;gNj ghtnkd;Wk; fhy;fl;Lg; Nghl;L
itj;jdNu
gps;is ngw;nwLf;Fk; ve;jpukha;g; ngz;izr;
rikayiwapy; milj;J tpl;ldNu.
kw;NwhH : Mkh milj;J tpl;ldNu.
FOj;jiytH Kj;Jnyl;Rkp> ,uhkhkpHjk; vd;Dk; ngz;fs; fy;tp
fw;wjdhy; ngz;zbik klik vd;whNu
ghujpAk; ghujpjhrdhUk;
ngz;zbik jPug; ghl;nlOjp kPl;ldNu.
ngz;zbik jPHe;jhNy kz;zbik jPUk; vd;Wk;
nghJ Nrit nra;jplTk; ngz;fs; nghq;fp
voNtz;Lk; vd;whNu.
kw;NwhH : Mkh nghq;fpg; voNtz;Lk; vd;whNu.
FOj;jiytH : nghq;fpg; ngz;fs; te;jjhNy rl;lq;fs; ,aw;wpAk;
gl;lq;fs; gyTk; ngw;wdNu
Njtjhrp Kiw xopg;Gr;rl;lq;fs;
ghypa ngz; Foe;ijj; jpUkz xopg;Gr; rl;lkha;
rhujh rl;lKk; te;jJ ngz; fy;tpahNy mk;kh…
kw;NwhH : Mkh ngz; fy;tpahNy
midtUk;: “thopaNt ngz;ik thopaNt
rKjhak; rpwe;jpl thopaNt
ngz;ik thopaNt”
3. kUj;JtH Kj;Jnyl;Rkpapd; rhjidfisf; Fwpg;gpLf>
jkpofj;jpd; Kjy; ngz; kUj;JtH.
,e;jpag; ngz;fs; rq;fj;jpd; Kjy; jiytH.
nrd;id khefuhl;rpapd; Kjy; Jiz NkaH.
rl;l Nkyitf;Fj; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l Kjy; ngz;kzp.
Njtjhrp Kiw xopg;Gr;rl;lk;> ngz;fSf;Fr; nrhj;Jhpik
toq;Fk; rl;lk; > ngz;fs; ,sikj; jpUkzj; jilr;rl;lk;
Nghd;w rl;lq;fisf; nfhz;L tuf; fhuzkha; epd;wtH.
milahw;wpy; 1930 Mk; Mz;L mt;it ,y;yk; mikj;Jf;
Foe;ijfs; ey;y vjpHfhyk; mikag; ghLgl;lhH.
1952-,y; nrd;idapy; Gw;WNeha; kUj;Jtkid mikj;Jj;
njhz;lhw;wpdhH.

4. ePyhk;gpif mk;ikahhpd; jkpo;g;gzp Fwpj;j rpwg;gk;rq;fis vOJf.

ePyhk;gpif mk;ikahH kpfr; rpwe;j jkpowpQH.
kiwkiyabfspd; kfshthH.
mtiug; NghyNt nkhopawpT kpf;ftH.
je;ijiag; NghyNt jdpj;jkpo;g; gw;WilatH.
,tH vOjpa jdpj;jkpo;f; fl;Liu> tlr;nrhy; > jkpo;
mfuthpir> Kg;ngz;kzpfs; tuyhW> gl;bdj;jhH ghuhl;ba
%tH Mfpa E}y;fs; jdpj;jkpo; vOj tpUk;GNthUf;F kpfTk;
gaDs;sdtha; tpsq;Ffpd;wd.
 tPl;bw;NfhH Gj;jfr;rhiy
(Jizg;ghlk;)

Fwpg;Gr;rl;lfk;

* Kd;Diu

* E}yfk;

* ew;gz;Gfs; nropf;Fk; gz;izfs;

* ,lk;ngw Ntz;ba E}y;fs;

* GfOf;Fhpa E}yfq;fs;

* KbTiu


Kd;Diu:
kdpjdpd; rpe;jidiaj; J}z;LtJ E}y;fNs. ,iriag; Nghy
kdijg; gz;gLj;JtJk; E}y;fNs vdpy; kpifahfhJ. “ tPl;bw;NfhH
Gj;jfrhiy” vd;Dk; mz;zhtpd; thndhyp ciu %yk;> E}yfk;> E}y;fs;
Fwpj;J ntspg;gLk; fUj;Jfs; Fwpj;J fhz;;Nghk;.
E}yfk; :
xU ehl;bd; epiy> cyf epiyf;Nfw;g tsuNtz;Lk; vdpy; tPl;L
epiy khw Ntz;Lk;. tPl;bw;NfhH Gj;jfrhiy Ntz;Lk;. xU ehl;il
cyfk; kjpg;gJ me;ehl;L kf;fspd; kdtsj;ijf; fz;Nl Mfk;. ey;y
kdtsk; jUtJ E}yfNk. tPl;bw;NfhH Gj;jfrhiy vd;w ,yf;fpid
eilKiwg;gLj;jpdhy; ekJ re;jjp ey;y kdtsk; ngWtH. ehLk; eyKk;
tsKk; ngWk;.
ew;gz;Gfs; nropf;Fk; gz;izfs;:
Mw;Nwhuj;jpy; Mykuj;jbapy; VLk; vOj;jhzpAk; nfhz;L gbj;j
fhyk; me;jf;fhyk;. ,g;NghJ cyifNa ekJ tPl;Lf;F mioj;J te;J
fhl;lf;$ba fhyk;. ,isQHfs; gFj;jwpTk; RakhpahijAk; Njit vd;W
czHe;Jtpl;l fhyk;. fj;jpiaj; jPl;lhNj cd;wd; Gj;jpiaj; jPlL ; vd;W
nrhy;Yk; fhyk;> czT> cil vd;w mbg;gilj; Njit G+Hj;jpahdJk;
Kjy; ,lk; Gj;jfrhiyf;Fj; jug;gl Ntz;Lk;. tPl;by; rpWfil msTf;Fg;
ghj;jpuq;fs; ,Uf;Fk;. rpW itj;jparhiy msTf;F kUe;J tiffs;
,Uf;Fk;. vdpDk; kdtsj;ij mjpfhpf;Fk; Gj;jfq;fs; ,uhJ. tPl;bw;NfhH
Gj;jfrhiy vd;w ,yl;rpak; ehl;Lf;NfhH ey;yepiy Vw;glr; nra;aNtz;Lk;.
,lk;ngw Ntz;ba E}y;fs;::
ehl;il mwpa> cyif mwpa VLfs; Ntz;Lk;. epGzj;Jtk;
mwptpf;Fk; VLfs; ,y;yhtpl;lhYk; mbg;gil cz;ikfshtJ mwptpf;Fk;
E}y;fs; Ntz;Lk;. ekf;F xOf;fj;ijAk; tho;Tf;fhd topfisAk; fhl;l
tPl;bw;NfhH jpUf;Fws; fl;lhak; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. rq;f ,yf;fpar;rhuk;
mwpAk; VLfs; Ntz;Lk;. G+Nfhs rhpj VLfs; Ntz;Lk;. tpQ;Qhdf;
fz;Lgpbg;Gfisg; gw;wpa jfty;fisj; njhptpf;Fk; E}y;fs; Ntz;Lk;.
kf;fspd; kdkhR Jilj;jtHfs;> tpLjiyf;F cioj;jtHfs;> tPuu;fs;>
tpNtfpfs; MfpNahhpd; tho;f;iff; Fwpg;G VLfs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ey;y
tuyhWfisg; gbj;jhy;jhd; ,sk; cs;sj;jpNy GJ KWf;F Vw;gLk;.
GfOf;Fhpa E}yfq;fs;:
midj;J ,e;jpa nkhopfspYk; cs;s Xiyr;RtbfSk;
ghJfhf;fg;gLk; jQ;ir ruRtjp kfhy; E}yfNk Mrpahtpd; kpfg;goikahd
E}yfk; MFk;. nrd;id fd;dpkhuh E}yfj;jpy;jhd; cyfstpy; jkpo;
E}y;fs; mjpfk; cs;sd. jpUtde;jGuk; eLtz; E}yfk; ,e;jpahtpd;
Kjy; E}yfk; vd;w ngUikf;FhpaJ. nfhy;fj;jhtpy; cs;s Njrpa
E}yfNk ,e;jpahtpd; kpfg;nghpa E}yfk; MFk;. mnkhpf;fhtpd; iyg;uhp
Mg; fhq;fpu]; E}yfk; cyfpd; kpfg;nghpa E}yfk; MFk;.
KbTiu:
Nfl;bid ePf;fpl tPl;bNy Gj;jfrhiy mikg;Nghk;.
“GdpjKw;W kf;fs; GJtho;T Ntz;by;
Gj;jfrhiy Ntz;Lk; ehl;by; ahz;Lk;”
vd;w ghNte;jH $w;Wg;gb Gj;jfrhiy mikg;Nghk;> Gj;jfk; thrpj;Jg;
GJtho;T ngWNthk;.
 ,yf;fzk; - ,ilr;nrhy;> chpr;nrhy; gapw;rpj;jhs;
rhd;W jUf:
1. epfo;fhy ,ilepiyfs;
m. j;>l;>w;>,d; M. g;> t; ,. M> my;> ,y; <. fpW> fpd;W>>Mepd;W
2. tpaq;Nfhs; tpFjpfs;
m. fpW> fpd;W> Mepd;W M. f>,a> ,aH ,. M>my;>,y; <. mj;J> mw;W> kw;W
3. tje;jpg; nghUspy; tUk; Mk;
m.. gwf;Fk; jl;L New;Wg; gwe;jjhk; M. nts;isf; fhfk; cz;lhk;
,. nts;is ahidiaf; fz;zd; fhiyapy; fz;lhdhk;. <. midj;JNk rhpahdJ
$wpathW nra;f:
1. kio nga;Jk; GOf;fk; Fiwatpy;iy – ck;ikr; Rl;Lf
m. vjpHkiw ck;ik M. caHT rpwg;G ck;ik ,. ,opT rpwg;G ck;ik <.
Kw;Wk;ik
2. ,d;W kio nga;ANkh? – Xfhuk; Rl;Lk; nghUs; $Wf.
m. rpwg;Gg; nghUs; M. ,popTg; nghUs; ,..Iag; nghUs; <. ,JTk; ,y;iy mJTk;
,y;iy
3. Ie;J NgH thUq;fs; - MtJ Nrh;
m. Ie;jhtJ NgH thUq;fs; M. Ie;J NghH thUq;fs; MtJ
,. Ie;J NguhtJ thUq;fs; <.midj;JNk rhpahdJ.
4. njUtpy; xUtH $l elkhltp;y;iy - $l vg;nghUspy; te;JssJ vdr; Rl;Lf
m. Kw;Wg;nghUs; M. Fiwe;j gl;rk; ,. vr;rk; jOtpa $w;W <. ahTk; jtW
5. nghpa kuk; - msTg; ngaH Rl;Lf.
m. vj;Jiz M. vt;tsT ,. Vt;thW <. rJukhd
6. ,dpad; jiyefH Nghfpwhdhk; - Mk; ,lk; ngWk; ,lk; Rl;Lf.
m. jfty; M. tje;jp ,. ,irT <. ,opT
7. xU nrhy; gy nghUSf;F chpaJ vJ?
m. rhy M. cW ,. jt <. fb
8. ed;W – chpr;nrhy; NrH.
m. rhy ed;W M. chp ed;W ,. edp ed;W <. jt ed;W
9. kPd; - msitf; Fwpf;Fk; chpr;nrhy; NrH.
m. jt kPd; M. cW kPd; ,. fb kPd; <. fop kPd;
10. tpiuthf tpLNthk; - nghUs; mwpe;J vOJf.
m. fb kyH M. fb tpLJk; ,. fb Edp <. fb efH
epug;Gf:
1. ngaiuAk; tpidiaAk; ,izf;Fk; ghyq;fshf mikgit-----
m. ngaHr;nrhw;fs; M. tpidr;nrhw;fs; ,. ,ilr;nrhw;fs; <. chpr;nrhw;fs;
2. ----------ngaiuAk; tpidiaAk; rhHe;J ,aq;Fk; jd;ik cilad.
m. ngaHr;nrhw;fs; M. tpidr;nrhw;fs; ,. ,ilr;nrhw;fs; <. chpr;nrhw;fs;
3. gbg;G -------------------- ,Ue;jhy; NghJk;.
m. $l M.. ,;;y;yhky; ,. kl;Lk; <. ahTk; rhp
4. ,it goq;fs; -----------------
m. md;W M. my;y ,. ,y;iy <. Jhd;
5. -------------------- nkhopg; gad;ghl;il KKikahf;Ffpd;wd.
m. ngaHr;nrhw;fs; M. tpidr;nrhw;fs; ;,.. ,ilr;nrhw;fs; <. chpr;nrhw;fs
6. chpr;nrhw;fs; ngaiuAk; tpidiaAk; rhHe;J mtw;wpw;F -------------- nghUSzHj;Jk;.
m. Kd;dhy; M. gpd;dhy; ,. eLtpy; <. ,ilapy;
7. ,ir> Fwpg;G> gz;G vd;Dk; nghUs;fSf;F chpajha; tUtJ ---------------------
m. ngaHr;nrhw;fs; M. tpidr;nrhw;fs; ,. ,ilr;nrhw;fs; <. chpr;nrhw;fs;
8. chpr;nrhw;fs; nra;ASf;Nf chpad vd;W --------------- $WfpwhH.
m. ed;D}yhH M. njhy;fhg;gpaH ,. fhy;Lnty <. mfj;jpaH;
9. ,J kuk; -------------
m. md;W M. my;y ,. ,y;iy <. jhd;
,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G jUf:
1. jy;> my;> mk;> I. if
m. tpaq;Nfhs; tpFjpfs; M. njhopw;ngaH tpFjpfs;
,. Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjpfs; <. ngz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjpfs;
2. Nghy> Nghd;w> Giua > xg;g> cwo
m. Ntw;Wik cUGfs; M. gz;G cUGfs; ,. ctk cUGfs; <. VJkpy;iy
3. I> My;> F> ,d;> mJ> fz;
m. Ntw;Wik cUGfs; M. gz;G cUGfs; ,. ctk cUGfs; <. VJkpy;iy