Billing Transmission Losses and Power

Transformer Losses
Localization for China
Version 1.0

Document version 08/2006

 SAP Utilities

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Contents

Billing Transmission Losses and Power Transformer Losses......................................4

1 Use................................................................................................................................................................4

2 Prerequisites ...............................................................................................................................................4

3 Example .......................................................................................................................................................4
3.1 Installation Structure.................................................................................................................................4
3.2 Billing Requirements ................................................................................................................................5
3.3 Defining the Installation Group .................................................................................................................6
3.4 Defining Rates ..........................................................................................................................................7
3.5 Defining the Billing Schemas....................................................................................................................7
3.6 Defining Rate Categories and Rate Determination ..................................................................................8
3.7 Defining Installations ................................................................................................................................9
3.8 Device Installation ....................................................................................................................................9
3.9 Example: Billing the Primary Installation ................................................................................................10

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Billing Transmission Losses and Power Transformer Losses

1 Use
In the process of supplying electricity, active and reactive power is lost in transmission lines and in power
transformers. These losses are often not calculated but are covered by the standard energy rate and basic
charges. However, in some cases it is necessary to calculate and evaluate the losses explicitly.
SAP Utilities provides you with the following resources:
• You can manage transmission characteristics as reference values of a utility installation
• You can create devices for the basic device category Power Transformer and install them in utility
installations
• Variant programs exist that can calculate transmission and power transformer losses during billing
• In the case of serial switching for multiple installations, you can distribute the losses amongst the
various installations of an installation group.

2 Prerequisites
The variant programs for calculating losses are based on the specific requirements of the Chinese market. If
they do not fully meet your demands, you can copy them and change them without modification to meet your
own requirements.
Also read the documentation for the variant programs.

3 Example

3.1 Installation Structure

In the following example, an installation (installation key M) is billed. The installation is supplied with
electricity via a transmission line that belongs to the customer. The active and reactive power loss of the
transmission line must be calculated.
The transmission line leads to two power transformers. The active and reactive losses of both power
transformers must also be calculated.
Device RM is installed on the high voltage side of the power transformers. The registers that are allocated to
this device meter the total consumption of the installation including the power transformer losses. The
registers do not record the transmission losses.
Device RM contains four registers:
• Register 1 is the control register and measures the total active power consumption (sum of registers
2 and 3)
• Register 2 measures on-peak consumption
• Register 3 measures off-peak consumption
• Register 4 measures the total reactive power consumption

Register 1 is connected to both power transformers via a device allocation of allocation type 5.
Installation M has a serial switching connection with other installations:
• Secondary installations S1 and S2 are billed directly via primary installation M.
• Secondary installation S3 is supplied by secondary installation S2. Therefore, a 3-way serial
switching exists.

A device (RS1, RS2, or RS3) is installed in all three secondary installations with an active power
consumption register.

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Installation Structure

Device measures total

consumption including
RM power transformer
Transmission line losses
generates line losses

2 power transformers
generate losses

RS2

RS1
RS3

Primary Secondary Secondary Secondary

installation installation installation installation
M S1 S2 S3

3.2 Billing Requirements

Billing the primary installation includes the following steps:
1. Calculate active and reactive loss for the transmission line
2. Calculate and add active and reactive power losses for both power transformers
The calculation takes the device characteristics of the power transformers and the measured active
power consumption into account. The full active power consumption of register 1 of device RM must
be divided proportionally for the rating of the two power transformers. The calculation formula uses the
coefficients from table TLOSSPARAM.
You can find more information in the Implementation Guide (IMG) under
SAP Utilities
Contract Billing
Special Functions
Calculation of Power Transformer Losses

Parameters for Formula-Based Calculation of Power Transformer Loss.
3. Subtract active power consumption of secondary installations S1 and S2 from the active power
consumption of the primary installation
Since on-peak and off-peak active power consumption is not measured separately in the secondary
installations, the subtracted values must be distributed: 70 percent of the active power consumption of
the secondary installations is subtracted from the on-peak active power consumption of the primary
installation and 30 percent is deducted from the off-peak active power consumption.
4. Distribute power losses from transmission line and power transformer to installations

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The distribution is proportional to the actual active power consumption values. To determine the actual
consumption of an installation, the losses and - in the case of serial switching - the consumption
values of the lower-level installations must be subtracted.
5. Add active power loss portion of primary installation to on-peak and off-peak active power
consumption
The distribution must be proportional to the consumption values determined in step 3. From now on
we will refer to this as the “billing-relevant consumption”.
6. Calculate power factor from total active and reactive power consumption
The transmission losses are also taken into account.
7. Compare calculated power factor with power factor agreed in the contract
The power factor adjustment ratio is calculated from the difference.
8. Calculate monthly demand rate
The demand value is determined based on the rating of the two power transformers and is multiplied
by a price.
9. Valuation of billing relevant on-peak and off-peak active power consumption with a price
10. Multiply sum of amounts calculated previously with power factor adjustment ratio
Depending on the +/- sign, a bill line item with a receivable or a credit memo is created (adjustment
fee) for the calculated amount.
11. Valuate sum of billing-relevant on-peak and off-peak active power consumption with a price

Billing the secondary installation includes the following steps:

1. If necessary, subtract the consumption of lower-level secondary installations from the
consumption of the secondary installation
2. Add portion of losses to consumption of secondary installation
The result from steps 1 and 2 is the billing-relevant consumption of the secondary installation.
3. Valuation billing-relevant consumption with a price
4. Multiply amount from step 3 with the power factor adjustment ratio determined fort he primary
installation
The result is the adjustment fee for the secondary installation.
5. The billing-relevant consumption is valuated with other prices

3.3 Defining the Installation Group

You define grouping type 0001 and installation role A. When defining the Installation Role for the Grouping
Type, select the indicators Role Relevant for Consumption Determination, Role is Distribution-Relevant, and
Specification of Higher-Level Installation Required for grouping type 0001 and installation role A.
For grouping type 0001 and installation role A, define the Data Exchange: Secondary Installation to Primary
Installation as follows:
Grouping Type Installation Role Source Operand Target Operand
Secondary Inst. Primary Inst.
0001 A REGTOT_A CSSUB_A

For grouping type 0001 and installation role A, define the Data Exchange: Primary Installation to Secondary
Installation as follows:

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Grouping Type Installation Role Source Operand Target Operand

Primary Inst. Secondary Inst.
0001 A ADJRATIO ADJRATIO
0001 A LOSS_A LOSS_A
0001 A CSSUB_A CSSUB3_A

Note
When defining operands CSSUB_A, LOSS_A, ADJRATIO, and CSSUB3_A, select the ERCHV
Operand indicator.

3.4 Defining Rates

Create the following rates:

Rate Permitted for Register Operand
REGTZ1_A Registers REGTZ1_A
REGTZ2_A Registers REGTZ2_A
REGCO_A Registers REGTOT_A
REG_R Registers REGTOT_R
TRTLOSS Devices
TRLLOSS Facts
TRDIST Facts
TRADJ Facts
TRAMT Facts
TRSUBREG Registers REGTOT_A
TRSUB Facts

Note
You can take the characteristics of the rate steps from the billing schema descriptions.

3.5 Defining the Billing Schemas

Define billing scheme TR_MAIN with the following schema steps:

S. Rate Variant InputOp1 InputOp2 InputOp3 ... OutputOp1 OutputOp2
01 REGTZ1_A QUANTI14 REGTZ1_A CSTZ1_A
02 REGTZ2_A QUANTI14 REGTZ2_A CSTZ2_A
03 REGCO_A QUANTI14 REGTOT_A CSTOT_A
04 REGCO_A QUANTI34 REGTOT_A CSTOTX_A
05 REG_R QUANTI14 REGTOT_R CSTOT_R
06 TRTLOSS UTILIT80 CSTOTX_A COS_STD WSHIFT TLOSS_A TLOSS_R
07 TRLLOSS UTILIT83 CSTOT_A CSTOT_R WSHIFT ... LLOSS_A
08 TRLLOSS UTILIT82 CSTOT_A CSTOT_R WSHIFT ... LLOSS_R
09 TRDIST QUANTI02 CSTOT_A TLOSS_A CSTOT0_A
10 TRDIST UTILIT85 CSTOT0_A CSSUB_A BILLCS_A
11 TRDIST QUANTI02 CSTOT0_A BILLCS_A CSSUB2_A
12 TRDIST QUANTI10 TLOSS_A LLOSS_A LOSS_A
13 TRDIST UTILIT86 LOSS_A CSTOT0_A CSSUB_A BILLCS_A

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14 TRDIST QUANTI09 CSSUB2_A FACT_TZ1 CSTZ1_A

15 TRDIST QUANTI09 CSSUB2_A FACT_TZ2 CSTZ2_A
16 TRDIST QUANTI02 CSTOT_A CSSUB2_A NETCS_A
17 TRDIST QUANTI12 BILLCS_A NETCS_A FACT_BC
18 TRDIST QUANTI09 CSTZ1_A FACT_BC BCSTZ1_A
19 TRDIST QUANTI09 CSTZ2_A FACT_BC BCSTZ2_A
20 TRADJ QUANTI10 CSTOT_A LLOSS_A CSPF_A
21 TRADJ QUANTI10 CSTOT_R LLOSS_R CSPF_R
22 TRADJ QUANTI13 CSPF_A CSPF_R COSPHI
23 TRADJ UTILIT87 COS_STD COSPHI ADJRATIO
24 TRADJ UTILIT88 ADJRATIO INSTROLE
25 TRAMT QUANTI01 BCSTZ1_A STLQPR1 AMOUNT1
26 TRAMT QUANTI01 BCSTZ2_A STLQPR2 AMOUNT1
27 TRAMT UTILIT81 BASICCHG AMOUNT1
28 TRAMT LUMSUM02 AMOUNT1 ADJRATIO AMOUNT
29 TRAMT QUANTI01 BILLCS_A ADDQPR1 AMOUNT
30 TRAMT QUANTI01 BILLCS_A ADDQPR2 AMOUNT

Caution
Due to space restrictions, the columns for input operands 4, 5 and 6 were omitted. This relates
to steps 7 and 8. Use the following input operands for steps 7 and 8:

LLENGTH for input operand 4

LVOLT for input operand 5

LRESIST (step 07) or LREACT (step 08) for input operand 6

Define billing scheme TR_SUB with the following schema steps:

Step Rate Variant InputOp1 InputOp2 OutputOp1
01 TRSUBREG QUANTI14 REGTOT_A CSTOT_A
02 TRSUBREG QUANTI22 REGTOT_A
03 TRSUB QUANTI10 CSTOT_A CSSUB3_A NETCS_A
04 TRSUB QUANTI10 NETCS_A LOSS_A BCS_A
05 TRSUB QUANTI01 BCS_A STLQPR AMOUNT1
06 TRSUB LUMSUM02 AMOUNT1 ADJRATIO AMOUNT
07 TRSUB QUANTI01 BCS_A ADDQPR1 AMOUNT
08 TRSUB QUANTI01 BCS_A ADDQPR2 AMOUNT

3.6 Defining Rate Categories and Rate Determination

You create rate categories TR_MAIN and TR_SUB. You use the billing schemas of the same name
TR_MAIN and TR_SUB. In rate category TR_MAIN you use an outsorting check group that is allocated to
validation DEMAND81 for billing transactions 01, 03, 07, and 08.

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Define rate determination as follows:

Rate Category Rate Type Rates
TR_MAIN ACT_CO REGCO_A
TR_MAIN ACT_ON REGTZ1_A
TR_MAIN ACT_OFF REGTZ2_A
TR_MAIN RE REG_R
TR_MAIN TRANS TRTLOSS
TR_MAIN LINE TRLLOSS
TR_MAIN DIST TRDIST, TRADJ, TRAMT
TR_SUB ACT TRSUBREG, TRSUB

Note
In the facts for rate category TR_MAIN, define an operand from category RATETYPE with
value DIST.

3.7 Defining Installations

You create the four installations M, S1, S2, and S3. The installations are connected via an installation group.
Enter the following historical data for the installations:
Installation Grouping Type Installation Primary Higher-Level
Roles Installation Installation
M 0001
S1 A M M
S2 A M M
S3 A M S2

Enter the following operands in the installation facts for installation M:

• LLENGTH with the length of the transmission line. For this reference value, enter the rate type LINE
• LVOLT with the line voltage
• LRESIST with the specific resistance of the line
• LREACT with the specific reactance of the line
• WSHIFT with the number of daily hours of operation
• COS_STD with the power factor agreed in the contract

3.8 Device Installation

You install the device RM in installation M and use the following rate types for the registers:
Installation Register Rate Type
M 1 ACT_CO
M 2 ACT_ON
M 3 ACT_OFF
M 4 RE

You install the two power transformers in installation M. You use rate type TRANS for both power
transformers.

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You define a device allocation, whereby you allocate both power transformers to register 1 of device RM.

In each secondary installation, you install a device with a consumption register and use the following rate
type:
Installation Register Rate Type
S1 1 ACT
S2 1 ACT
S3 1 ACT

3.9 Example: Billing the Primary Installation

The following example shows the functions of the billing schema. The figures are not actual figures.
Meter reading results showing the following consumption values exist for the monthly billing of the primary
installation:
Installation Register Consumption
M 1 1050kWh
M 2 630kWh
M 3 420kWh
M 4 600kvar
S1 1 80kWh
S2 1 120kWh
S3 1 40kWh

The following losses occurred in the billing period:

Active loss: Transmission line 50kWh
Reactive loss: Transmission line 30kvar
Active loss: Power transformer 1 20kWh
Reactive loss: Power transformer 1 12kvar
Active loss: Power transformer 2 30kWh
Reactive loss: Power transformer 2 18kvar

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Example Overview: Billing the Primary Installation

1050kWh
50kWh 630kWh (HT)
30kvarh RM 420kWh (NT)
600kvarh

50+20+30=100kWh
20kWh 30kWh
Total active power
loss 12kvarh 18kvarh

1050-(20+30)=1000kWh
Total active power consumption
without losses

RS2 120kWh

RS1 80kWh
RS3 40kWh

Primary Secondary Secondary Secondary

installation M installation S1 installation S2 installation S3
NC = 800 NC = 80 NC = 80 NC = 40
BC = 880 BC = 88 BC = 88 BC = 44

Note
NC stands for net consumption (active power consumption without losses and in the case of
serial switching minus consumption of lower-level installations).
BC stands for billing-relevant active power consumption.

Billing the Primary Installation – Individual Steps

During billing of the primary installation, the following calculations are made in the individual steps of billing
schema TR_MAIN:
1. Step 01 transfers the on-peak active power consumption of 630kWh to step 18.
2. Step 02 transfers the off-peak active power consumption of 420kWh to step 19.
3. Step 03 transfers the total active power consumption of 1050kWh to steps 07, 08, 09, 16, and 20.
4. Step 04 also transfers the total active power consumption of 1050kWh but also transfers the register
information. This information is required by variant UTILIT80 in step 06.
5. Step 05 transfers the total reactive power consumption of 600kvarh to steps 07, 08, and 21.
6. In step 06, the active and reactive losses of the two power transformers are calculated.
 The first input operand is provided with the total active power consumption of 1050kWh.

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 The second input operand is provided with the power factor agreed in the contract from the
installation facts.
 The third input operand is provided with the daily hours of operation from the installation facts.
 The first operand transfers 20kWh + 30kWh = 50kWh to steps 9 and 12.
 The calculated reactive loss of the power transformers is not required here as reactive power
losses are not distributed.
7. In step 7, the active power losses of the transmission line are calculated.

• The input operands 1 and 2 are provided with the consumption values 1050kWh or
600kvarh.
• The third input operand is provided with the daily hours of operation from the installation
facts.
• The input operands 4, 5, and 6 are provided with the characteristics of the transmission line
by means of the reference values.
• The result of 50kWh transmission line active loss is transferred to steps 12 and 20.
8. In step 8, the reactive power losses of the transmission line are calculated. The input operands are the
same as in step 07. The result of 30kvarh is transferred to step 21.
9. Step 09 calculates the difference between the measured total active power consumption minus the
power transformer loss: 1050kWh – 50kWh = 1000kWh. This does not include any active power
losses of the transmission line.
10. Step 10 analyzes the serial switching relationship and calculates the differences in the consumption
values.
 Input operand 1 is provided with the total active power consumption of all installations without
losses.
 Input operand 2 is provided with the active power consumption of the secondary installation by
means of data exchange.
 With regard to the definition of the installation group, the variant identifies that the consumption
values of the secondary installations S1 (80kWh) and S2 (120kWh) have to be subtracted from
the consumption of the primary installation. The result of 1000kWh – (80kWh + 120kWh) =
800kWh is transferred to steps 11, 17, 29, and 30 in the output operands.
 The variant identifies that the secondary installation S3 is a lower-level installation of secondary
installation S2. The consumption of secondary installation S3 (40kWh) must be subtracted from
the consumption of secondary installation S2 (120kWh). Therefore, it generates a consumption
bill line item with the negative consumption of -40kWh which is used the next time secondary
installation S2 is billed.
11. Step 11 calculates the total active power consumption of all secondary installations that are directly
subordinate to the primary installation.
 Input operand 1 is provided with the total active power consumption of all installations without
losses. The value is 1000kWh.
 Input operand 2 is provided with the consumption value 800kWh by step 10.
 The difference of 1000kWh – 800kWh = 200kWh is transferred to steps 14, 15, and 16 in the
output operand. This is the sum of the active power consumption values of secondary
installations S1 and S2.
12. Step 12 adds together the active power loss of the power transformers (20kWh + 30kWh) and the
active power loss of the transmission line (50kWh). The total (100kWh) is transferred to step 13 in the
output operand.
13. Step 13 distributed the total active power loss (the sum of active power loss from power transformer
and transmission line). The distribution is proportional to the consumption of each installation.
 Input operand is provided with the total active power loss of 100 kWh.

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 Input operand 2 is provided with the total active power consumption of all installations without
losses. The value is 1000kWh.
 Input operand 3 is provided with the active power consumption of the secondary installations by
means of data exchange. The values are 80kWh, 120kWh, and 40kWh.
 The variant first allocates the consumption values to the individual installations and calculates
the portions of active power loss for the installations based on these consumption values.

Primary installation M 1000kWh, portion 100kWh * (1000kWh / 1000kWh) = 100kWh

Secondary installation S1 80kWh, portion 100kWh * (80kWh / 1000kWh) = 8kWh

Secondary installation S2 120kWh, portion 100kWh * (120kWh / 1000kWh) = 12kWh

Secondary installation S3 40kWh, portion 100kWh * (40kWh / 1000kWh) = 4kWh
It uses the installation group to analyze the serial switching relationships and subtracts the
relevant portions from the higher-level installations:

Primary installation M, portion 100kWh – (8kWh + 12kWh) = 80kWh

Secondary installation S1, portion 8kWh

Secondary installation S2, portion 12kWh – 4kWh = 8kWh

Secondary installation S3, portion 4kWh
The portion for the primary installation M (80kWh) is transferred to steps 17, 29, and 30 in the
output operands. Consumption bill line items with 8kWh, 8kWh, and 4kWh are created for the
secondary installation portions. The consumption bill line items are used the next time the
secondary installations are billed.
14. In step 14, a portion of the secondary installation consumption values is subtracted from the on-peak
active power consumption of the primary installation:
 Input operand 1 is provided with the active power consumption of secondary installations S1
and S2 (200kWh).
 Input operand 2 is provided with the value -0.70 by means of the rate facts.
 The sum of 200kWh * (-0.70) = -140kWh is added to the value of the input operand in step 18
in the output operand. The negative result corresponds to a subtraction.
15. In step 15, a portion of the secondary installation consumption values are subtracted from the off-peak
active power consumption of the primary installation:
 Input operand 1 is provided with the active power consumption of secondary installations S1
and S2 (200kWh).
 Input operand 2 is provided with the value -0.30 by means of the rate facts.
 The sum of 200kWh * (-0.30) = -60kWh is added to the value of the input operand in step 19 in
the output operand. The negative result corresponds to a subtraction.
16. Step 16 calculates the net active power consumption including power transformer losses.
 Input operand 1 is provided with the total active power consumption of register 1 (1050kWh).
 Input operand 2 is provided with the active power consumption of secondary installations S1
and S2 (200kWh)
 The difference of 1050kWh – 200kWh = 850kWh is transferred to the next step in the output
operand.
17. Step 17 calculates an adjustment factor:
 Input operand 1 is provided with the net active power consumption of 800kWh from step 10 and
with the active power loss portion of 80kWh from step 13. The total of 880kWh is the billing-
relevant total active power consumption of primary installation M.
 Input operand 2 is provided with the consumption of 850kWh from step 16.

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 The variant program calculates the factor 880kWh / 850kWh = 1.0352941 and transfers it to
steps 18 and 19.
18. Step 18 calculates the billing-relevant on-peak consumption of installation M:
 Input operand is provided with the consumption of the on-peak register from step 1 (630kWh).
The portion of consumption from the secondary installations (140kWh) was deducted in step
14. This gives 630kWh – 140kWh = 490kWh.
 The second input operand contains the factor 880kWh / 850kWh = 1.0352941.
 The sum of 490kWh * 1.0352941 = 507.29kWh (rounded) is transferred to step 25 in the output
operand.
19. Step 19 calculates the billing-relevant off-peak rate consumption of installation M:
 Input operand 1 is provided with the consumption of the on-peak rate register (420kWh) by step
2. The portion of consumption from the secondary installation (60kWh) was deducted in step
15. This gives 420kWh – 60kWh = 360kWh.
 The second input operand contains the factor 880kWh / 850kWh = 1,0352941
 The sum of 360kWh * 1.0352941 = 372.71kWh (rounded) is transferred to step 26 in the output
operand. Note that 507.29kWh + 372.71kWh = 880kWh. The consumption values calculated in
steps 18 and 19 result in the correct billing relevant total active power consumption of
installation M.
20. Step 20 calculates the active power consumption that is relevant for calculating the power factor:
 Input operand 1 is provided with the consumption of the control register (1050kWh) by step 3.
This includes the active power losses of the power transformer.
 Input operand 2 is provided with the active power losses of the transmission line (50kWh) by
step 7.
 The sum of 1050kWh + 50kWh = 1100kWh is transferred to step 22 in the output operand.
21. Step 21 calculates the reactive power consumption relevant for calculating the power factor:
 Input operand 1 is provided with the consumption of the reactive register (600kvarh) by step 5.
This includes the reactive power losses of the power transformer.
 Input operand 2 is provided with the reactive power losses of the transmission line (30kvarh) by
step 8.
 The sum 600kvarh + 30kvarh = 630kvarh is transferred to step 22 in the output operand.
22. Step 22 calculates the power factor from the active power consumption of 1100kWh and the reactive
power consumption of 630kvarh. The result – if the output operand has been defined appropriately – is
rounded to two decimal places (0.87) and transferred to the next step in the output operand.
23. The variant compares the contractual power factor from the installation facts (0.90) with the calculated
power factor (0.87). Since the calculated power factor is higher than the power factor in the contract, a
positive power factor adjustment ratio is determined in table TADJRATIO and transferred to steps 24
and 28.
24. The variant distributes the power factor adjustment ration to the secondary installations:
 Input operand 1 is provided with the power factor adjustment ration (0.05) by step 23.
 Input operand 2 is provided with the value A (role of secondary installations) by the rate
category facts, for example.
 The variant generates a consumption bill line item with the value 0.05 for secondary
installations S1, S2, and S3.
25. This step valuates the billing-relevant on-peak rate consumption of primary installation M (507.29kWh)
with a price. The calculated amount is transferred to step 28.
26. This step valuates the billing-relevant off-peak rate consumption of primary installation M (372,71kWh)
with a price. The calculated amount is transferred to step 28.

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27. This step calculates the monthly demand rate. The calculated amount is transferred to step 28.
28. In step 28, the amounts calculated in steps 25 to 27 are multiplied with the power factor adjustment
ratio. An additional bill line item is written with the calculated amount.
29. Step 29 valuates the billing-relevant total active power consumption (880kWh) with a price.
30. Step 30 valuates the billing-relevant total active power consumption (880kWh) with a different price.

Comments Regarding Billing Schema TR_MAIN

• It is not absolutely necessary to have a control register with the total active power consumption n order
to calculate the power transformer losses. You can also use the consumption values of the on-peak
and off-peak rate active power registers. To do this, you need to add a step in rates REGTZ1_A and
REGTZ2_A using variant program QUANTI34.
• The billing schema measures and valuates the consumption of the primary installation using two
registers and on-peak and off-peak zones. The billing schema can easily be enhanced if more than
two registers or time zones are used.
• In schema steps 14, 15, 18, and 19, the calculated consumption values must be rounded to the
defined number of decimal places. Therefore, the sum of the billing-relevant on-peak and off-peak
consumption (steps 26 and 26) is not always identical to the total billing-relevant consumption (steps
29 and 30). If you want to avoid the rounding differences, you can calculate the billing-relevant off-
peak consumption by subtracting the billing-relevant on-peak consumption from the total billing-
relevant consumption.
• With billing schema TR_MAIN, it is also possible to bill installations with only one power transformer or
more than two power transformers installed. It is also possible to have multiple devices with
consumption registers. It is important that the device allocation between consumption register and
power transformer is correct.
• With variant program UTILIT80, you can use a calculated power factor instead of the power factor
specified in the contract. In this case, variant program QUANTI13 must be executed before UTILIT80.
• As an alternative to UTILIT80, you can also use variant program UTILIT84 to calculate power
transformer losses across consumption zones.

Billing the Secondary Installation – Individual Steps

During billing of the secondary installation, the following calculations are made in the individual steps of
billing schema TR_SUB:
1. Step 01 transfers the active power consumption of the secondary installation to step 03. This is as
follows: S1 = 80kWh, S2 = 120kWh, S3 = 40kWh.
2. Step 02 generates a consumption bill line item with the measured consumption from the register of the
secondary installation. This consumption bill line item is needed for data exchange between the
secondary and the primary installation.
3. Step 03 adds the negative consumption of lower-level secondary installations determined when billing
the primary installation to the measured consumption of the secondary installation. For secondary
installations S1 and S3, the second input operand is assigned 0kWh because the billing for the
primary installation does not provide a relevant consumption bill line item. However, for secondary
installation S2, the second input operand is assigned -40kWh.
4. Step 04 adds the net consumption of the secondary installation to the active power loss determined
when billing the primary installation:
 Secondary installation S1: 80kWh + 8kWh = 88kWh
 Secondary installation S2: 80kWh + 8kWh = 88kWh
 Secondary installation S1: 40kWh + 4kWh = 44kWh

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 SAP Utilities

5. Step 05 valuates the billing-relevant consumption (transferred to step 04) of the secondary installation
with a price. The amount is transferred to the next step.
6. Step 6 multiplies the amount from step 05 with the power factor adjustment ratio determined when
billing the primary installation and generates an additional bill line item.
7. Step 07 valuates the billing-relevant consumption with a price.
8. Step 08 valuates the billing-relevant consumption with a different price.

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