5G UL & DL Decoupling

5G MO | 2018.04
  Driving Forces & Key Values
Contents
 Key Technologies
 eMBB Services Call for New Benchmark Experience: DL 50Mbps & UL
5Mbps
eMBB Services Requires >50Mbps DL UL Live Stream Requires >5Mbps UL Experience
Experience
4G Network 5G Network

100Mbps~1Gbps

25~50Mbps
Security Cameras
~10Mbps
~4Mbps
~1.5Mbps

720P 1080P 2K 4K 8K/VR/AR

Live Broadcasting
DL: ~50Mbps DL: >100Mbps
1K~2K Live Stream 4K Live Stream
…
25Mbps@2D
4~5Mbps 10Mbps 50Mbps@3D
4K Video, Basic VR/AR 8K Video, Immersive VR/AR
1080P 2K 4K

DL 50Mbps is benchmark for 5G early UL 5Mbps enables UL 1K live stream

deployment

Page 3 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

 C-Band Improves Cell Capacity & User Experience for Downlink

C-band Provides 10Gbps Cell Capacity C-band Provides 1Gbps Outdoor Everywhere

C-Band Cell Capacity Test C-Band Outdoor Drive Test

(3.5GHz 64T64R@100MHz, 16TUEs) (3.5GHz 64T64R@100MHz)

THP DL THP
[Gbps]
12
[Gbps]
2.1
1Gbps
in 98% area
10 1.8

1.5
8
11.26Gbps 1.2
Cell Capacity
6
0.9

4 0.6
~6x
Experience
0.3
2
Time
0
1 101 201 301 401 501 601 [s]
0 Time
1 51 101 151 201 251 301 351 401 [s] NR（1*100MHz） LTE 3CC(2*50MHz)

Page 4 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

 C-band Uplink Coverage Limited in Outdoor Scenario

Outdoor C-Band & 1.8GHz Field Trial Experience Limitation for Cell Edge Users

3.5GHz 1.8GHz
BS Antennas 64T64R 4T4R THP
[Mbps]
2~3x Gap
TUE Power 26dBm 23dBm Edge user UL Experience
Bandwidth 100MHz 10MHz 20 3.5GHz vs. 1.8GHz
DL/UL Conf. 3:1 NA 18

UE Antennas 2T4R 1T2R 16

14
TUE 12
P2 P3 P7 P9
10

8
590m
370m
6
P1
P4 P5 P6 P8 4
550m
2

730m 0 Point
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
BS: 3.5GHz & 1.8GHz 1.8GHz UL THP 3.5GHz UL THP

Page 5 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

 C-band Uplink Coverage Limited in Indoor Scenario
Indoor C-Band & 1.8GHz Field Trial Experience Limitation for Cell Edge Users

BS Antennas
3.5GHz
64T64R
1.8GHz
4T4R THP
3~5x Gap
TUE Power 26dBm 23dBm [Mbps] Edge user UL Experience
20 3.5GHz vs. 1.8GHz
Bandwidth 100MHz 10MHz
18
DL/UL Conf. 3:1 NA
UE Antennas 2T4R 1T2R 16

14

12
TUE
Glass
wall 10
P7
P6 8
P5
P4 6
200m P3
Wall P2 Window 4
P1
Door
2

0 Point
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BS: 3.5GHz & 1.8GHz
1.8GHz UL THP 3.5GHz UL THP

Page 6 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

 UL & DL Decoupling Enables 3.5 & 1.8GHz Co-Site & Co-Coverage
UL&DL Decoupling Extends C-band
NR&LTE Uplink Co- Existance
Coverage

[email protected]/3.5GHz
LTE FDD DL

[email protected]
LTE FDD UL
NR
NR PUSCH
PUSCH

1.8GHz
LTE FDD DL

LTE FDD UL + NR UL
3.5GHz 64T64R 1.8GHz
Coverage

3.5GHz Coverage Extended Coverage

Page 7 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

 UL & DL Decoupling Bands Adopted in 3GPP R15 (~2017.12)
UL & DL Decoupling Bands
NR n78 + NR n80 (SUL) NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_1800M)

NR n78 + NR n81 (SUL) NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_900M)

NR n78 + NR n82 (SUL) NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_800M)

SA NR n78 + NR n83 (SUL) NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_700M)

NR n78 + NR n84 (SUL) NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_2100M)

NR n79 + NR n80 (SUL) NR (4.4~5.0G + SUL_1800M)

NR n79 + NR n81 (SUL) NR (4.4~5.0G + SUL_900M)

LTE Band3 + [ NR n78 + NR n80 (SUL)] LTE 1800M + NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_1800M)

LTE Band8 + [ NR n78 + NR n81 (SUL)] LTE 900M + NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_900M)

LTE Band20 + [ NR n78 + NR n82 (SUL)] LTE 800M + NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_800M)

NSA
LTE Band28 + [ NR n78 + NR n83 (SUL)] LTE 700M + NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_700M)
(Two Bands)
LTE Band1 + [ NR n78 + NR n84 (SUL)] LTE 2100M + NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_2100M)

LTE Band3 + [ NR n79 + NR n80 (SUL)] LTE 1800M + NR (4.4~5.0G + SUL_1800M)

LTE Band8 + [ NR n79 + NR n81 (SUL)] LTE 900M + NR (4.4~5.0G + SUL_900M)

NSA
LTE Band3 + [ NR n78 + NR n82 (SUL)] LTE 1800M + NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_800M)
(Three Bands)

SUL: Supplementary Uplink

Page 8 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

 SA: Huge UL Coverage Gap between 3.5GHz & 1.8GHz
C-Band with M-MIMO Provides Good DL C-Band UL Coverage is Limited
Coverage
ISD(m) ISD(m)
DL Edge Throughput UL Edge Throughput
1000 1000

800 1.8G 4T4R 800 851 1.8G 4T4R

826
3.5G 64T64R 3.5G 64T64R
600 663 600
585 574
400 400 460 483
437 437 437
308 324 321
200 267 200 274 264
211 182 152
0 0
1Mbps 5Mbps 10Mbps 50Mbps 100Mbps 0.1Mbps 0.5Mbps 1Mbps 5Mbps 10Mbps

• ISD=300m, 3.5GHz UL Throughput<5Mbps, 1.8GHz UL

• ISD=300m, 3.5GHz DL Throughput>50Mbps
Throughput>5Mbps
• ISD=400m, Both 3.5GHz & 1.8GHz DL Throughput>10Mbps
• ISD=400m, 3.5GHz UL Throughput<1Mbps, 1.8GHz UL
Throughput>1Mbps

* Urban (Building height 20m) O2I，3GPP-Uma，1.8G@20MHz，3.5G@100MHz (4：1)

* Link budget based on 5G RAN 1.0
Page 9 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
 SA: 3.5GHz UL & DL Gap ~7.8dB, 1.8GHz UL Can Improve ~8.3dB
3.5GHz UL & DL Gap Due to Tx Power & DL/UL 1.8G UL Can Improve PUSCH Coverage ~8.3dB
Ratio
3.5G 64T64R
3.5G 64T64R
~7.7dB 1.8G 4T4R ~8.3dB
3.5G(64R) PUSCH
3.5G(64R) PUSCH
5Mbps Coverage
5Mbps Coverage

3.5G(64T) PDSCH 50Mbps Coverage 1.8G(4R) PUSCH 5Mbps Coverage

3.5G UL 3.5G DL 1.8G UL 3.5G UL

Parameters Parameters
(5Mbps) (50Mbps) (5Mbps) (5Mbps)
Bands 1.8GHz 3.5GHz
Tx power 26dB（400mW） 53dB（200W）
UE Tx power 23dBm 26dBm
PRB 81 272 Penetration loss 21dB 26dB
DL:UL NA 4:1
Penetration loss 26dB 26dB
BS antenna 4R 64R
Antenna gain 10dBi 10dBi
Antenna gain(RX) 17dBi 10dBi
Noise figure 3.5dB 7dB
Noise figure 2.3dB 3.5dB
Interference margin 3dB 8dB Interference margin 5dB 3dB
Shadow fade margin 9dB 9dB Shadow fade margin 9dB 9dB

* Based on 5G RAN 1.0

Page 10 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
SA: UL & DL Decoupling to Improve 3.5GHz UL Coverage & DL Experience

UL & DL Decoupling Improves 3.5GHz UL UL & DL Decoupling Improves 3.5GHz DL

Coverage Experience
UL DL
Throughput Throughput

8.3dB 10%~300%
UL Coverage Gain DL User Experience

5Mbps

RSRP RSRP
Without decoupling With decoupling
Without decoupling With decoupling

Decoupling can improve UL coverage & DL experience improved by UL experience

experience improvement
(UL impacts DL due to TCP feedback)
* Analysis based on 5G RAN 1.0

Page 11 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

 Live Demo of UL & DL Decoupling in London
73% C-band Coverage Extended

780m With Decoupling

UL Throughput
1800MHz UL Uplink <5Mbps as
Switch point
100000 22Mbps
Coverage Edge @ 1.8G
90000
UL
80000

70000
<5Mbps
60000 @ 3.5G
UL
450m 50000

40000

C-Band UL 30000

Coverage Edge 20000

10000

• C-band 100MHz 64T64R 0

• 1.8GHz 10MHz 4T4R

• TUE 2T4R
Without
+11dB
• O2O NLOS (+73% Coverage)
Decoupling

Page 12 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

 UL & DL Decoupling Readiness in 5G RAN 2.0

Bands & Spectrum RF Modules Control & BB Boards

Spectrum RF Module (SUL ready) xTxR

UL & DL Decoupling Bands Boards LTE 5G NR
AAU5612 64T64R
5G [email protected] + LTE @1.8GHz 3.5G AAU5613 64T64R Control UMPT UMPTe
AAU5313 32T32R
RRU3939 2T2R Baseband UBBPd/e UBBPfw1
LTE+5G NR SUL BW Requirement RRU3971 4T4R
RRU5901 4T4R
[email protected]: (1710~1875MHz)
RRU5904 4T4R

or 1800M RRU5501 4T4R

UBBPfw1 supports：
LTE+NR LTE+NR
RRU3959 2T2R
3*100M 64T64R + 3*20M 4R
15MHz 20MHz RRU3632 2T4R
RRU3962 2T4R 3*100M 32T32R + 3*20M 4R
RRU5905 2T2R

Page 13 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

 Base Station Connection for UL & DL Decoupling

One BBU: BBU5900 Two BBUs: BBU39x0 + BBU5900

Dual Star CPRI MUX Dual Star CPRI MUX

Connection Connection Connection Connection

LTE/NR LTE/NR LTE/NR RRU

NR AAU NR AAU LTE/NR RRU NR AAU NR AAU
RRU RRU

HEI interface
connection

UBBP(L) UBBP(NR) UBBP(L) UBBP(NR)

UBBP(NR) UBBP(NR)
UBBP(L) UBBP(L)

UMPT UMPTe UMPT UMPTe

UMPT UMPTe UMPT UMPTe

BBU5900 BBU5900 BBU39x0 BBU5900 BBU39x0 BBU5900

Baseband Board--LTE: UBBPd/UBBPe; NR: UBBPfw1

Control Board--LTE: UMPT; NR: UMPTe (5G RAN 2.0 supports L & NR in one UMPTe)

Page 14 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

  Driving Forces & Key Values
Contents
 Key Technologies
#1 UL & DL Decoupling is Not LTE & NR Decoupling

UL & DL Decoupling is using sub3G spectrum as NR SUL

1 (Supplemental Uplink) to improve 3.5GHz UL coverage

1
In 3.5GHz UL coverage, all NR UL channels are carried
2 in 3.5GHz

When UL & DL Decoupling enabled:

3 • NR PRACH, PUCCH & PUSCH carried in NR
SUL(Sub3G) spectrum
• NR 3.5GHz SRS still carried in 3.5GHz
• NR Sub3G SRS still carried in NR Sub3G spectrum
2 3

Page 16 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

#2 SRS Switching to Guarantee 3.5G DL Performance

NR UL & DL @ NR SUL @ 1.8GHz

3.5GHz NR DL @ 3.5GHz
 3.5G SRS UL coverage is larger than
3.5GHz PUSCH

NR 3.5GHz 1.8GHz UL Coverage  SRS Switching : Stop scheduling on

UL Coverage @xMbps NR 3.5GHz SRS Coverage
1.8G PUSCH, and send SRS on UL
3.5GHz by time division

SRS Switching

SRS switching to guarantee

SRS @ 3.5GHz 3.5GHz DL performance
When [email protected] Transmission TTI,
Stop Scheduling on 1.8G PUSCH

Page 17 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

#3 2nd Harmonics Solution: Spectrum Allocation & DL Dodging

2nd harmonics
Interference f2 1710-1735 1735-1745 1745-1765 1765-1780

2f2 : 3420~3570
f1 3420-3470 3470-3490 3490-3530 3530-3560

• Only exists when UL(1.8G) & DL(3.5G) transmit data simultaneously

f2 : 1710~1785 f1 : 3400~3600 • Caused by band combination but not SUL (UL & DL Decoupling)

Spectrum allocation to avoid 2nd harmonics DL dodging to eliminate 2nd harmonics

1.8G Spectrum
1710MHz 1785MHz 3.5G • Edge users use maximum 1.8G 10MHz
for SUL, and affect maximum 3.5G DL
3400MHz 3500MHz 3600MHz 20MHz
DL dodging
20M
10M • Edge users can use remaining 80MHz,
2nd harmonics Spectrum without 2nd harmonics
1.8G and power converging will be used for

Spectrum never remaining bandwidth

: 3.6-3.8 3.7-3.9 4.4-4.9 4.8-5.0
have 2nd
harmonics

Page 18 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

#4 2nd Inter-modulation Solution: TDM or UL & DL Decoupling

f2-f1
2nd inter-modulation

UE transmits UL signal in f1 & f2, frequency of 2nd inter-modulation (f2-

f1) is in the range of UE DL, which will cause interference
DL 1805~1880

f2 : 1710~1785 f1 : 3400~3800
UL UL

UL TDM Mode UL & DL Decoupling

Far Point: UL only in SUL

Near Point: DL only in
1.8G by UL & DL
3.5G D D D S U D D D S U D D D S U D D D S U 3.5G, no 1.8G DL
Decoupling

1.8G
UL
NR 3.5G NR 1.8G

NR UL TTI LTE UL TTI Blank

LTE and NR transmit in TDM manner (through LTE TDD When UL & DL decoupling, UL only in SUL
configuration) 1.8GHz
No 2nd inter-modulation interference

Page 19 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

#5 UL User Experience Can Impact DL User Experience

3.5GHz Performance Simulation in Urban Scenario UL DL Throughput DL Throughput

Throughput （UDP, no feedback） （TCP, need feedback）
400.0
1.2Mbps 120.9Mbps ~30Mbps
3.5G
350.0
Throughput
0.1Mbps 52.9Mbps ~2Mbps
300.0
Throughput(Mbps)

DL
250.0
DL Throughput (Mbps)
200.0
140
150.0
120.9Mbps 120
100.0
52.9Mbps 100
50.0 UL
1.2Mbps 0.1Mbps 80 75%
0.0
0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 Decrease
60
ISD(m)
40 95%
* 3.5G/64T64R/120w/NLOS O2I one wall penetration/100MHz Decrease
20

3.5G DL/UL Gap: 0

ISD 225m ISD 450m
• Tx Power Gap: 400mw vs 120W
DL Throughput DL Throughput
• DL & UL Ratio: 3:1 (no feedback) (feedback)

*Simulation result may be updated

Based on TCP feedback, DL throughput could be limited by UL throughput according to latest result
Page 20 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 20
#6-1 Random Access & SCG Addition Procedure(NSA)

UE LTE eNB NR gNB

LTE eNB sends measurement

configuration to requests UE to
EPC measures DL RSRP & Beam ID
of NR cell according to B1 event

If DL RSRP satisfied the B1

threshold, UE sends
measurement report of NR cell to LTE eNB initials SCG addition
LTE eNB procedure to NR gNB (carrying DL
LTE NR RSRP & Beam ID of NR cell), and
adds NR cell as SCG

NR Cell selects UL carrier for UE by

DL RSRP carried from LTE eNB (NR
UL or NR SUL), and allocate preamble
1 2 for UE by Beam ID
UE random
access in LTE NR UL @ f1 or NR SUL@ NR gNB starts to LTE eNB with
f2? message of SCG addition
eNB LTE eNB sends NSA DC and UL success, and carries UL carrier
& DL decoupling information to selection & UE preamble
UE by RRC re-configuration
NR SUL @ F2 NR UL @ F1 message
UE starts access to NR cell by
preamble in UL carrier which
selected by NR gNB

*NR gNB includes NR and SUL NR

Page 21 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

#6-2 Random Access & UL Carrier Selection(SA)

3.5G DL RSRP > 3.5G DL RSRP <

NRCellSul.RsrpThld NRCellSul.RsrpThld
NR UL @ f1 NR SUL @ f2
UE NR gNB UE NR gNB
NR DL(f1) PBCH NR DL(f1) PBCH
(including (including
NRCellSul.RsrpThld) NRCellSul.RsrpThld)

MSG1（Preamble） MSG1（Preamble）
SS/System information @ f1 NR UL(f1) PRACH NR SUL(f2) PRACH

RSRP threshold MSG2（RAR） MSG2（RAR）

NR DL(f1) PDCCH NR DL(f1) PDCCH
Access @ f1 or f2

MSG3（RRC Request） MSG3（RRC Request）

NR UL(f1) PUSCH NR SUL(f2) PUSCH
• gNB indicates the UL information and threshold for
MSG4（RRC Setup） MSG4（RRC Setup）
UE UL selection NR DL(f1) PDSCH NR DL(f1) PDSCH
• UE measures DL RSRP and select a suitable MSG5（RRC Setup MSG5（RRC Setup
Comp.）
carrier for UL access NR UL(f1) PUSCH
Comp.）
NR SUL(f2) PUSCH

Page 22 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

#6-3 UL Carrier Change (NSA & SA)

UE NR gNB
Sends measurements request (DL RSRP)
f2 to f1 f1 to f2

Reports measurement result (DL RSRP)

NR UL @ f1 NR SUL @ f2

PUCCH carrier change (f1 to f2 or f2 to f1)

RRC re-configuration

Schedules PUSCH @ f1 or f2
DCI
Measurement report
Feedback PUCCH carrier change finish
Carrier change indication RRC re-configuration complete message@ f1 or f2

PUSCH @ f1 or f2

• DL RSRP < NRCellSul.RsrpThld – Hys, UL carrier changes from

• UE reports DL RSRP information to gNB NR UL @ f1 to NR SUL @ f2
• DL RSRP > NRCellSul.RsrpThld + Hys, UL carrier changes from
• gNB indicates UE to change UL carrier NR SUL @ f2 to NR UL @ f1
• ±Hys to avoid f1 & f2 change frequently

Page 23 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

#7 Mobility Management (NSA)
UE MN SN S-GW MME
1. MN decides whether UE can use 1. SgNB Addition Request
Option3/3X based on UE 2.SN decides whether UE can use
capability/QCI/network configuration.
(carry SCG-ConfigInfo) Option3/3X based on its
configuration.
2. SgNB Addition Request Acknowledge
(carry SCG-Config)

3. RRCConnectionReconfiguration 3. MN transfer RRC connection

reconfiguration to UE, indicate
UE to access from f1 or f2
4. RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete
5. MN reply reconfiguration to SN
4. UE reply RRC connection
reconfiguration complete 5. SgNB Reconfiguration Complete
6. Random Access Procedure
6. UE access on SN from f1 7. SN Status Transfer 7/8. SN Status transfer and data
or f2 forwarding
8. Data Forwarding
9-12. change S1-U address from
MN’s to SN’s

Path Update procedure 9. E-RAB Modification Indication

10. Bearer Modication

11. End Marker Packet

12. E-RAB Modification Confirmation

* Mobility Management in NSA UL & DL decoupling is same as NSA DC. RRC

reconfiguration message indicates UE to access from f1 or f2
Page 24 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Thank
You