FINISHING WORKS

Learning Outcome

At the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

✓ Build-up rates for wall, floor, and ceiling finishes in relation to

plant and machinery, labour, standing time, material, wastage,
profit and attendance, and degree of difficulty.
 FINISHING WORKS

▪ Exterior and interior finishing of

buildings and structures particularly to
walls, floor & ceiling.

▪ To enhance their service and aesthetic

qualities.

▪ The main types of finishing work include

facing, plastering, flooring (and
parquetry), painting, wallpapering, and
glazing.
 AREAS FOR FINISHING WORKS
FLOOR
CEILING
• Flooring – rendering ,
▪ Plastering WALL timber flooring, tiling
▪ Painting
▪ Suspended ceiling • Measurement for floor
▪ Plastering
finishes is in meter
▪ Painting
square (m2) and being
▪ Tiling / facing
• Measurement for ceiling finishes is classified as;
▪ Wallpapering
in meter square (m2) and shall be ✓ Level, falls, falls
▪ Wall glazing
prepared separately for floor and crossfalls and
height > 3.50 meter (and stated the • Measurement for wall to slopes not
height for every 1.50 meter) finishes is in meter square exceeding 15˚
(m2) which any voids with from horizontal
• Cornice (etc.)– measure in meter >0.50m2 shall be deducted ✓ Work over 15˚
(m) . from horizontal

• Access panel will be considered as • Skirting shall be

extra over item and measure by measured in meter (m)
Number (No.) by stating the height
*Unit of measurement will affect on the rate of each items.
BUILD-UP RATES
FLOOR PAVING & RENDERING
Cement and
sand paving
Trowelled
Floated
Concrete Hand Mixing • Only small quantities of concrete will be mixed on-site by
hand.

• A general labour able to hand-mix the concrete mortar/

paste in 2.00 hours/m3.

TYPES OF LAYING I tradesmen and I general labour

(20 mm – 25mm Thick) (hour/m2)

Cement and sand paving 0.30

Granolithic paving 0.35 Labour Output

Table 1.1
Screeded screeds 0.25

Floated screeds 0.28

Trowelled screeds 0.30

Concrete Mixing – Using a Mixer • Larger quantities of concrete will arrive on-site ready
mixed by or will be mixed on-site using a machine –
concrete mixer.
• Where a mixer is used, the cost must be established.
• Gang sizes: mixer operator & general labour

Mixer size Gang sizes: Output/ Diesel/ hour Lubricant / hour

(cubic ft.) [mixer operator + general labour] hour (m3) (liter) (liter)

5/3½ 1 (O) + 1 (GL) 1.25 1.10 0.04

Labour Output
7/5 1 (O) + 3 (GL) 2.25 1.60 0.06
Table 1.2
10/7 1 (O) + 4 (GL) 3.25 1.80 0.07
14/10 1 (O) + 4 (GL) 4.50 2.10 0.08
18/12 1 (O) + 6 (GL) 5.50 2.40 0.10
1) CEMENT paving - hand mixing mortar
25mm thick cement and sand (1:3) paving with steel trowelled finish to floor level or to falls not exceeding 15˚from
horizontal on concrete base – m2

Assumptions / Data:

• Cement @ RM 10.50/ bag (50 kg) (1m3 = 28 bags)

• Sand @ RM 30.00/m3
• Allow 1/3 for shrinkages and wastages in materials.
• Labour output for spreading and paving the mortar. (refer to Table 1.1)
• Allow 15% overhead and profit
• Working days/ month = 26 days
• Working hours / day = 8 hours
• Tradesman (skilled labour) @ RM 80/ day
• General labour @ RM 60 /day

Task: Build up rate the cost / m2 for the above work.

CEMENT paving - hand mixing mortar
25mm thick cement and sand (1:3) paving with steel trowelled finish to floor level or to falls not exceeding 15˚from horizontal on
concrete base – m2

Item Calculation (RM) (RM) / unit

Material cost
cement (1 m3) RM10.50 per bag x 28 bags (1m3)= ?
sand (3 m3) RM30.00 per m3 x 3m3 = ?
?
Allow for 1/3 shrinkages, wastages 1/3 x ? ?
Cost / 4m3 ?
Cost / m2 (25mm Thk per m2) RM ? / 4 x 0.025m = ? ?

Labour cost
General labour (hand mixing) (RM 60 /8hrs per day x 2hrs per m3) x 0.025m = ?
Tradesman (laying & spreading mortar) (RM 80 / 8hrs per day x 0.30 hr per m2) = ?
General labour (laying & spreading mortar) (RM 60 / 8hrs per day x 0.30 hr per m2)= ?
cost / m2 (25mm Thk per m2) ? ?

Total cost
material cost /m2 ?
labour cost / m2 ?
? ?
Allow 15% Overhead & Profit 15% x ? = ? ?
Final cost / m2 ?
2) CEMENT paving – mixing by concrete mixer
25mm thick cement and sand (1:3) paving with steel trowelled finish to floor level or to falls not exceeding 15˚from
horizontal on concrete base – m2

Assumptions / Data
1
• Cement @ RM 10.50/ bag (50 kg) (1m3 = 28 bags) • Diesel consumption = 1.10 litre/ hour @ RM 1.70/
litre
• Sand @ RM 30.00/m3
• Lubricants = 0.04 litre/ hour @ RM 20.00/litre
• Allow 1/3 for shrinkages and wastages in materials.
• Mixer output = 1.25m3 / hour
Assume, the cement mortar is mixed by a 5/3 ½
concrete mixer. Labour output for spreading and paving the mortar.
(refer to Table 1.2)
• Rental rate @ RM 300 .00/month (including
delivery to site) • Working hours / day = 8 hours

• Working days = 26 days/month • Tradesman (skilled labour) @ RM 80/ day

• Mixer operator @ RM 80 /day • General. labour @ RM 60 /day

• General Labour @ RM 60/day • Allow 15% overhead and profit

Task: Build-up rate the cost / m2 for the above work.

 Item Calculation RM RM/m²
Material cost
cement (1 m3) RM10.50 per bag x 28 bags (1m3) = 294.00
sand (3 m3) RM30.00 per m3 x 3m3 = 90.00
384.00
Allow for 1/3 shrinkages, wastages 1/3 x RM 384 = 128.00
Cost / 4m3 512.00
Cost / m2 (25mm Thk per m2) RM 512 / 4 x 0.025m = 3.20 = 3.20

Operation Cost
Rental cost RM300 per mth /26wrkg days per mth/ 8hrs per day = 1.44
Mixer operator RM 80 per day / 8hrs per day = 10.00
General labour RM 60 per day / 8hrs per day = 7.50
Diesel RM 1.70 per lit X 1.10 lit per hr = 1.87
Lubricants RM 20.00 per lit x 0.04 lit per hr = 0.80
Cost/hr = 21.61
Cost/m3 (output mixer=1.25m3/hr) RM 21.61 / 1.25m³ = 17.29
Cost/m2 RM 17.29 per m³ x 0.025m = 0.43

Labour cost
Tradesman (laying & spreading mortar) (RM 80 / 8hrs per day x 0.30 hr per m2) = 3.00
General labour (laying & spreading mortar) (RM 60 / 8hrs per day x 0.30 hr per m2) = 2.25
cost / m2 (25mm Thk per m2) = 5.25 = 5.25
Total material & labour cost /m2 8.88
Allow 15% Overhead & Profit 15% x RM 8.88 = = 1.33
Final cost / m2 = = 10.21
 Chart

3) CEMENT and sand screeds

20mm Thick cement and sand (1:3) screeded bed to receive ceramic tiles to floor level or to falls not exceeding
15˚from horizontal on concrete base – m2

Assumptions/ Data:
• Cement @ RM 10.50/ bag
(50 kg) (1m3 = 28 bags)
• Sand @ RM 30.00/m3
• Allow 1/3 for shrinkages and
Labour output for laying the screeds. (refer the
wastages in materials.
relevant table)
• Working hours / day = 8 hours
• Tradesman (skilled labour) @ RM 80/ day
Assume, the cement mortar is mixed by a 5/3 ½ concrete mixer. • General labour @ RM 60 /day
• Rental rate @ RM 300 .00/month (including delivery to the site) • Allow 15% overhead and profit
• Working days = 2days/month
• Mixer operator @ RM 80 /day
• G.Labour @ RM 60/day
• Diesel consumption = 1.10 litre/ hour @ RM 1.70/ litre
• Lubricants = 0.04 litre/ hour @ RM 20.00/litre
• Mixer output = 1.25m3 / hour

Task: Build-up rate the cost / m2 for the above work.

SKIRTING ▪20mm – 25mm Thick
▪Range of labour constant / standing time for laying, trowelling,
spreading, etc - hour / m:

Labour Output
Table 1.3
1 tradesmen and 1 labour
High of skirting (mm)
Cement and sand Granolithic
(hour/m) (hour/m)

75 0.35 0.45

100 0.38 0.50

125 0.41 0.55

150 0.45 0.60

4) CEMENT SKIRTING
25mm cement and and sand (1:3) skirting 100mm high with rounded top edge and cove at bottom to wall on
brickwork base – m

Assumptions/Data:
• Cement @ RM 10.50/ bag (50 kg) (1m3 = 28 bags)
• Sand @ RM 30.00/m3
• Allow 1/3 for shrinkages and wastages in materials.
• Assume, the cement mortar is mixed by 5/3 ½ concrete mixer.
• Rental rate @ RM 300 .00/month (including delivery to site)
• Working days = 26 days / month
• Mixer operator @ RM 80 day
• G.Labour @ RM 60/day
• Diesel consumption = 1.10 litre/ hour @ RM 1.70/ litre
• Lubricants = 0.04 litre/ hour @ RM 20.00/litre
• Mixer output = 1.25m3 / hour
• Labour output for laying, trowelling the skirting in 100mm High. (refer to table)
• Working hours = 8 hours/ day
• Tradesman @ RM 80/ day
• G. labour @ RM 60 day
Allow 15% overhead and profit

Task: Build-up rate the cost / m2 for the above work.

 Item Calculation RM RM/m
Material cost
cement (1 m3) RM10.50 per bag x 28 bags (1m3) = 294.00
sand (3 m3) RM30.00 per m3 x 3m3 = 90.00
384.00
Allow for 1/3 shrinkages, wastages 1/3 x RM 384 = 128.00
Cost / 4m3 512.00
Cost / m2 (25mm Thk per m2) RM 512 / 4 x 0.025m = 3.20
Cost/m (100mm high) RM 3.20 x 0.10m = 0.32

Operation Cost
Rental cost (5/3 ½ conc.mixer ) RM300 per mth /26wrkg days per mth/ 8hrs per day = 1.44
Mixer operator RM 80 per day / 8hrs per day = 10.00
General labour RM 60 per day / 8hrs per day = 7.50
Diesel RM 1.70 per lit X 1.10 lit per hr = 1.87
Lubricants RM 20.00 per lit x 0.04 lit per hr = 0.80
Cost/hr = 21.61
Cost/m3 (output mixer=1.25m3/hr) RM 21.61 / 1.25m³ = 17.29
Cost/m2 RM 17.29 per m³ x 0.025m = 0.43
Cost/m RM 0.43 per m² x 0.10m = 0.04

Labour cost
Tradesman (laying & spreading mortar) (RM 80 / 8hrs per day x 0.38 hr per m) = 3.80
General labour (laying & spreading mortar) (RM 60 / 8hrs per day x 0.38 hr per m) = 2.85
cost / m = 6.65 = 6.65

Total material & labour cost /m 7.01

Allow 15% Overhead & Profit 15% x RM 7.01 = = 1.05
GRANOLITHIC PAVING
5) Granolithic paving
25mm Thick granolithic paving consisting of cement and granite chippings (2:5) with steel trowelled finished to floor
or to falls not exceeding 15˚from horizontal on concrete base – m2

Assumptions / data:

• Cement @ RM 10.50/ bag (50 kg) (1m3 = 28 bags)

• 6mm Dia granite chippings @ RM 200.00/ m3
• Allow 1/3 for shrinkages and wastages in materials.
• Assume, the cement mortar is mixed by 5/3 ½ concrete mixer.
• Rental rate @ RM 300 .00/month (including delivery to site)
• Working days = 26 days / month
• Mixer operator @ RM 80 day
• G.Labour @ RM 60/day
• Diesel consumption = 1.10 litre/ hour @ RM 1.70/ litre
• Lubricants = 0.04 litre/ hour @ RM 20.00/litre
• Mixer output = 1.25m3 / hour
• Labour output for laying, paving the granolithic mortar. (refer to the relevant table)
• Working hours = 8 hours/ day
• Tradesman @ RM 80/ day
• G. labour @ RM 60 day
• Allow 15% overhead and profit

Task: Build-up rate the cost / m2 for the above work.

 Item Calculation RM RM/m²
Material cost
cement (2 m3) RM10.50 per bag x 28 bags (2m3) = 588.00
granite chippings (5 m3) RM200.00 per m3 x 5m3 = 1,000.00
1,588.00
Allow for 1/3 shrinkages, wastages 1/3 x RM 1588.00 = 529.33
Cost / 7m3 2,117.33
Cost / m2 (25mm Thk per m2) RM 2,117.33 / 7 x 0.025m = 7.56 = 7.56

Operation Cost
Rental cost RM300 per mth /26wrkg days per mth/ 8hrs per day = 1.44
Mixer operator RM 80 per day / 8hrs per day = 10.00
General labour RM 60 per day / 8hrs per day = 7.50
Diesel RM 1.70 per lit X 1.10 lit per hr = 1.87
Lubricants RM 20.00 per lit x 0.04 lit per hr = 0.80
Cost/hr = 21.61
Cost/m3 (output mixer=1.25m3/hr) RM 21.61 / 1.25m³ = 17.29
Cost/m2 RM 17.29 per m³ x 0.025m = 0.43

Labour cost
Tradesman (laying & spreading mortar) (RM 80 / 8hrs per day x 0.35 hr per m2) = 3.50
General labour (laying & spreading mortar) (RM 60 / 8hrs per day x 0.35 hr per m2) = 2.63
cost / m2 (25mm Thk per m2) = 6.13 = 6.13

Total material & labour cost /m2 14.12

Allow 15% Overhead & Profit 15% x RM 14.12 = = 2.12
Final cost / m2 = = 16.24
THANK YOU