Assumptions - Same tire compound is used front and rear | Ignoring tire load sensitivity | Tire deflection is a function
of the tires vertical stiffness which varies with inflation pressure, size and
construction. The resulting reduction in tire radius from unloaded to loaded has a relatively insignificant impact on the bias requirements and therefore can be ignored for these calculations.
Input Car Data All input fields are shown in blue. These are the only values that should be modified.
Dimensions & Mass Longitudinal Deceleration
Wheelbase 1170 mm Longitudinal G [1] 1.10 G
Total Mass [2] 160 kg
Front Weight Distribution [3] 62 % Proportioning Valve [4]
Total CoG Height [5] 482 mm In use NO YES/NO
Activation Pressure/Knee Point 261 psi
Aerodynamics [6] Slope 2 :1
Front Downforce 10 kg
Rear Downforce 10 kg Target Pedal Feel [7]
Target Pedal Ratio [8] 6.0 :1
Target Pedal Effort [9] 45 kg
Front Tires Rear Tires
Tire Width 90 mm Tire Width 185 mm
Tire Aspect Ratio 90 Tire Aspect Ratio 65
Wheel Diameter 12 inches Wheel Diameter 15 inches
Braking Components Front Axle Braking Components Rear Axle
Disc Diameter Outer 210 mm Disc Diameter Outer 282 mm
Pad Radius [10] 51 mm Pad Radius [11] 51 mm
Calliper Piston Diameter 1 44.5 mm Calliper Piston Diameter 1 33.9 mm
Calliper Piston Diameter 2 [12] 44.5 mm Calliper Piston Diameter 2 [13] 0 mm
Calliper Piston Diameter 3 [14] 0 mm Calliper Piston Diameter 3 [15] 0 mm
Pad Compound Mu [16] 0.55 COF Pad Compound Mu [17] 0.56 COF
Intermediate Calculations
Load Transfer [18] Load Distribution at Target Deceleration [19] 1.01 % front
Longitudinal Load Transfer 72.51 kg Component Mechanical Bias [20] 0.70 % front
Braking Capacity Front per wheel Braking Capacity Rear per wheel
Front Wheel Radius 233.4 mm Rear Wheel Loaded radius 310.75 mm
Front Tire Load 891.27 N Rear Tire Load -8.37 N
Longitudinal Tire Force / Wheel 980.39 N Longitudinal Tire Force / Wheel -9.20 N
Torque Capacity / Wheel 228.82 N.m Torque Capacity / Wheel -2.86 N.m
Front Axle Rear Axle
Rotor Effective Radius 79.50 mm Rotor Effective Radius 115.50 mm
Total Calliper Piston Area 3,110.57 mm^2 Total Calliper Piston Area 902.59 mm^2
Pad Force Requirement 2,616.63 N Pad Force Requirement -22.11 N
Pressure Requirement 841.21 kPa Pressure Requirement -24.50 kPa
Results
Front Axle Rear Axle
Recommended Master Cylinder Diameter 44.77 mm Recommended Master Cylinder Diameter #NUM! mm
Closest Common MC Size [21] 20.64 mm Closest Common MC Size [22] 17.78 mm
Master Cylinder Travel 9.30 mm Master Cylinder Travel 3.64 mm
0.50
Pedal Travel [23] 39 mm Bias Bar position 0.6 % front
Pedal Effort [24] 5 kg (0.35-0.65)
Warnings
Hydraulic Balance OK
Pedal Travel OK
Disc Size OK
Line Pressures OK
Commonly Available Master
Cylinder Sizes
mm Inches
12.70 1/2 0.500
15.88 5/8 0.625
17.46 11/16 0.688
17.78 7/10 0.700
19.00 0.748
19.05 3/4 0.750
20.00 0.787
20.64 13/16 0.813
21.00 0.827
22.00 0.866
22.20 0.874
22.23 7/8 0.875
23.00 0.906
23.02 29/32 0.906
23.81 15/16 0.938
24.00 0.945
25.40 1 1.000
26.20 1-1/32 1.031
26.60 1.047
26.99 1-1/16 1.063
28.58 1-1/8 1.125
28.60 1.126
31.75 1-1/4 1.250
31.80 1.252
33.34 1-5/16 1.313
34.13 1-11/32 1.344
38.10 1-1/2 1.500
44.45 1-3/4 1.750
Brake Torque Calculation
Front Rear Torque
Dynamic F Weight Dynamic R Weight Torque Required Required Front Pressure Rear Pressure Front Pressure Rear Pressure Front Torque Rear Torque Front Torque Rear Torque
Decel (g) (kg) (kg) (N.m) (N.m) Front Bias Optimal (kPa) (kPa) Adjusted (kPa) Adjusted (kPa) (N.m) (N.m) ADJUSTED (N.m) ADJUSTED (N.m) Front Bias F Bias vs Optimal Optimal Range Safe Range Front Bias 35% Front Bias 65% MC Area Ratio (front/rear) 1.35
0.40 68 22 62 27 70% 228 307 274 246 62 36 74 29 72% 3% 77% 100% 48% 76% Actual #NUM!
0.50 71 19 81 29 74% 300 404 360 323 82 47 98 38 72% -2% 81% 100% 48% 76%
0.60 74 16 102 29 78% 376 507 451 405 102 59 123 47 72% -6% 85% 100% 48% 76%
0.70 78 12 124 26 83% 458 617 550 494 125 72 150 58 72% -10% 90% 100% 48% 76%
0.80 81 9 148 22 87% 546 736 655 589 149 86 178 69 72% -15% 94% 100% 48% 76%
0.90 84 6 174 16 92% 638 860 766 688 174 100 208 80 72% -20% 99% 100% 48% 76%
1.00 88 2 200 7 96% 736 992 883 793 200 116 240 93 72% -24% 103% 100% 48% 76%
1.10 91 -1 229 -3 101% 842 1135 1010 908 229 132 275 106 72% -29% 108% 100% 48% 76%
1.20 94 -4 259 -15 106% 950 1280 1140 1024 258 149 310 120 72% -34% 113% 100% 48% 76%
1.30 97 -7 290 -30 111% 1066 1437 1279 1149 290 168 348 134 72% -39% 118% 100% 48% 76%
1.40 101 -11 323 -46 117% 1188 1601 1426 1281 323 187 388 150 72% -44% 124% 100% 48% 76%
1.10 0%
1.10 100%
[1] G Force achieved under braking
Typical values:
Street car on Street tires >= 0.8G
Track Day /High Performance Street car, semi slicks 0.8 - 1.2G
Race Car, Low Aero, Slicks 1-2Gs
Race Car, High Aero, Slicks 2-3G+
[2] Including driver and fuel load
[3] Static Weight Distribution (%Front)
= Front Weight / (Front Weight + Rear Weight)
[4] Optional Component. See component manufacturer for activation pressure and slope data.
[5] Height above ground for COG.
Can be estimated or calculated using HPA - Centre of Gravity Calculator
[6] Use downforce values as seen at maximum speed expected on track.
Input "0" if downforce figures are unknown.
[7] Target Pedal Feel also includes pedal travel which is calculated as a result of Master Cylinder travel and
pedal ratio and can be found in the results section of this calculator.
[8] Distance from the centre of the pedal to the pivot point divided by the distance from the master cylinder
clevis to the pivot point
(usually between 3.5:1 and 6:1)
[9] Approx. 50kg is a standard target. This can be tuned to suit the application or driver eg.endurance
racing or smaller drivers may benefit from slightly lighter pedal effort to remain consistent over long stints.
[10] Pad Radius = Disc Diameter (Outer) - Disc Diameter (Inner)/2
Also known as Annulus
[11] Pad Radius = Disc Diameter (Outer) - Disc Diameter (Inner)/2
Also known as Annulus
[12] If a second Calliper Piston is not present, set input to 0
[13] If a second Calliper Piston is not present, set input to 0
[14] If a third Calliper Piston is not present, set input to 0
[15] If a third Calliper Piston is not present, set input to 0
[16] See manufacturer for suitable compound options for your calliper and application
[17] See manufacturer for suitable compound options for your calliper and application
[18] Load transfer during target longitudinal deceleration
[19] Load distribution (%front) during a braking event at target longitudinal G
[20] Bias (%Front) for mechanical components (disc size, piston area & pad compound)
[21] Closest value in table will autofill. Manually input different values by cross referencing common size
table and suppliers offerings.
[22] Closest value in table will autofill. Manually input different values by cross referencing common size
table and suppliers offerings.
[23] Pedal Travel of around 40mm during a peak braking stop is a common target for consistent and
repeatable brake application
[24] 50kg of force is a common target for pedal effort and can be tuned to suit the driver and application of
the vehicle but can easily be as high as 80kg in some cases
