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 EAST ASIAN
MEDICINE
IN
URBAN JAPAN

Comparative Studies of Health Systems

and Medical Care
Number 4
 Comparative Studies of Health Systems and Medical Care

General Editor
CHARLES LESLIE

Editorial Board
FRED D U N N , M.D., University of California, San Francisco
RENÉE FOX, University of Pennsylvania
ELIOT FREIDSON, New York University
EDWARD MONTGOMERY, Washington University
YASUO OTSUKA, M.D., Yokohama City University Medical School
CARL E. TAYLOR, M.D., The Johns Hopkins University
K. N. UDUPA, M.S., F.R.C.S., Banaras Hindu University
PAUL UNSCHULD, University of Marburg
 Varieties of Medical Experience

EAST ASIAN
MEDICINE
IN
URBAN JAPAN
Margaret M. Lock

University of California Press

Berkeley • Los Angeles . London
 For Richard and his understanding

University of California Press

Berkeley and Los Angeles, California

University of California Press, Ltd.

London, England

© 1980 by
The Regents of the University of California

First Paperback Printing 1984

ISBN 0-520-05231-5
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 78-55187
Printed in the United States of America

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
 PREFACE to the Paperback edition

It is now more than ten years since New York Times reporter James Res-
ton had his appendix removed in China with acupuncture anesthesia. The
timing of this incident contributed to a flurry of interest in traditional Asian
medicine which spread rapidly through North America. Among the many
therapeutic techniques of Asian medicine, massage received the widest ac-
ceptance, but the fad soon peaked, leaving behind it some institutionalized
changes such as the right for licensed practitioners in some States to practice
acupuncture on patients who had been referred to them by a physician.
Although interest in these therapeutic techniques was. not generally sus-
tained, nevertheless, their application did contribute, along with many other
factors, to the rise of the holistic health movement in North America. It
became fashionable to refer to traditional Asian medicine as exemplary of a
humanistic integrated approach to health and illness, particularly since it
was grounded in a tradition in which mind and body had not been rent
asunder.
My purpose ten years ago, while researching traditional medicine in J a -
pan, was to examine its historical roots and the current social and cultural
context of its practice. My findings, not surprising in retrospect, were firstly
that there are numerous approaches to the practice of traditional medicine
which reflect not only the pluralistic philosophical heritage of Japan but also
its embrace of modern scientific thinking and techniques, as well as the insti-
tutional forms of organization in which they exist. Secondly, it became clear
early on in the research that the practice of this type of medicine, despite its
Asian heritage, did not usually operate within an integrated approach to
health and illness or to mind and body. In fact, in the majority of clinics,

v
Preface to the Paperback Edition

practitioners appeared to be engaged in an attempt to remove physical

symptoms in a fashion reminiscent of that of most biomedical physicians,
although their tools were those of traditional medicine.
It was only through an extensive investigation outside the clinical setting
that I was able to understand that what at first sight often appeared to be a
rather non-communicative encounter between patient and practitioner
could indeed potentially serve to focus and stimulate social and psychologi-
cal change, although this was by no means always realized. Indeed, consider-
ation of the social dimensions of illness is something which people are usually
reluctant to examine for reasons which are explored in the text. East Asian
medicine as it is practiced in J a p a n today is therefore not an example of the
holistic approach which many Westerners believe it to be.
Nevertheless, traditional medicine over the past twenty years has enjoyed
a great revival in J a p a n , an occurrence which has run parallel to the rise of the
holistic health movement in North America. It evolved for some of the same
reasons and shares many of its objectives, including an emphasis on self-
responsibility for health and illness.
The material for this book was collected at the time when the Japanese
mass media had just coined the phrase ' 'kanpoboom ' (see pages 15, 15 2) to
describe the renewed interest in traditional medicine. One of the concerns of
many practitioners of East Asian medicine at that time was how to provide a
comprehensive service to their increased clientele within certain given con-
straints. The full range of East Asian medicine has always been a service
limited to the elite of Japanese society and has probably never been available
in more than a fragmentary form for the ordinary citizen. A complete work
u p and treatment is highly individualized and takes at least 30 to 4 0 min-
utes, and the raw materials for a prescription of herbal medication, most of
which have to be imported, are costly. J a p a n has a socialized health care
system but until recently, with certain exceptions (see page 168), patients
could not be reimbursed if they received care from a traditional practitioner.
With the obvious increased demand for herbal medication in Japan, the
Chinese, who provide most of the raw materials, and who could not grow
plants in sufficient quantity to meet the increased orders both from within
their own country and J a p a n , raised considerably the cost of most of the
plant material grown for export. The practitioners in J a p a n who were trying

vi
 Preface to the Paperback Edition

to apply traditional medicine in a comprehensive form had to face the dilem-

ma of how to provide time consuming, individualized care, involving thera-
peutic techniques which were rapidly becoming more costly, to a burgeoning
number of eager clients.
The pharmaceutical industry in Japan was quick to notice this dilemma
and several companies radically increased their sponsorship of research into
the physiological effects and the mass production of herbal medication. The
culmination of this interest occured in 1975 when representatives of the
largest drug company involved in the production of herbal medication ap-
proached the head of the Japanese medical association and, within a very
short time, meetings were held between representatives of the Ministry of
Health and Welfare, the drug company, and the Japanese medical associ-
ation to discuss the possibility of including the prescription of herbal medica-
tion in the health insurance system. A senior Kanpo-i (a biomedically trained
physician who specialized in the use of herbal medication) was present at
these meetings and was opposed to this suggestion, although he wanted it to
be included slowly in the future and after careful experimentation and re-
education of physicians and other involved personnel.
The kanpo-i was over-ruled, the law was changed, and mass production
and promotion of herbal medication commenced in 1976. This led to an
escalation in the revival of traditional medicine since ordinary physicians
could now freely prescribe and be reimbursed from insurance companies on
behalf of the government for the use of more than 100 herbal prescriptions.
A recent survey reported by Nikkei Medical (1981) indicates that 37%
of all Japanese physicians now prescribe herbal medication with some fre-
quency; of these physicians, 36% reported that they use it very frequently,
46% reported that they use it regulary, while 18% said that they occasionally
use it. On close examination what was known as a "boom" in traditional
medicine has become largely a boom in the use of traditional medication, the
preparation and prescription of which has been absorbed into the commer-
cial and biomedical sectors of society, ostensibly to make it readily available
to all patients. The philosophy and theories underlying the traditional sys-
tem, including techniques of preventive medicine and diagnosis are general-
ly ignored or despised. Consequently, traditional methods for the selection,
mixing and prescription of herbal medication (see pages 40-44) are also

Vll
Preface to the Paperback Edition

ignored and herbs are prescribed, contrary to traditional practice, as though

they are synthetic drugs to be applied against named diseases or highly spe-
cific symptoms.
In the last six years there have been huge promotional campaigns by many
drug companies to encourage the medical profession to use their new prod-
ucts. Physicians are not required to undergo any special training in the use of
traditional medicine but are given some written advice distributed by the
drug companies on suggested application of medications and their possible
contraindications. Newspapers, magazines and journals are now beginning
to report side effects, some serious, for the first time in connection with the
use of herbal medication (Mainichi shinbun, Dec. 1981; Nikkei Medical:
1981). An advisory bulletin put out by the Japanese association of pharma-
cists reports that in recent years there were more complaints about side-ef-
fects from herbal medication than any other type of drug, and a question-
naire to physicians revealed that most doctors use it on an ad hoc basis in
combination with synthetic medication (Modern Medicine: 1982). Experi-
mental evidence indicates that the quality control on these medications is not
adequate—something which is not highly significant when using mixtures
of crude drugs in small quantities as is done by traditional practitioners.
When the medication is refined and concentrated in a laboratory the effect is
different, its physiological actions, both those that are desired, and unwanted
side-reactions, become much more potent. Moreover, the clinical effects of
mixing herbal extracts with synthetic drugs is a topic on which there is virtu-
ally no research.
East Asian medicine survived the blow it received at the 1876 Meiji Res-
toration when it was legislated as inadequate in comparison to European
style medicine; it may not survive the onslaught it is at present experiencing
from politicians, physicians, industry, and the general public. Each of these
groups is now eager to embrace traditional medicine to some extent, to use it,
hopes to benefit from it, but rarely to learn from, adjust to, or accept it on its
own terms. They believe that East Asian medicine must be made scientific,
neatly packaged and advertized—the price of success in today's world. Ex-
perienced traditional practitioners can now take part in the socialized health
care system, but they must conform to the restraints imposed by that system,
the most disquieting of which is that one is reimbursed according to what
procedures are performed, and that even a meagre existence cannot be eked

viii
 Preface to the Paperback Edition

out through the practice of a preventive and an educational approach to

health care (see pages 17 and 233-235). Practitioners have the choice of
sacrificing their philosophical and theoretical principles in order to make a
living, or of practicing an elitist type of medicine available only to the rela-
tively wealthy. Meanwhile, they watch their 1200-year-old tradition being
contorted and led into ill repute, paradoxically largely as the result of its own
recent popularity. A few biomedical physicians are undertaking special train-
ing offered by kanpo-i but most see no reason for further education.
Some malpractice and iatrogenesis is inevitable in connection with all
medical systems, and East Asian medicine undoubtedly has been, and con-
tinues to be no exception, but its popularity in modern Japan has exacerbat-
ed this situation excessively. I believe that one of the gravest problems is the
assumption on the parts of the vast majority of the people involved, whether
government officials, biomedical physicians, salesmen, chemists, or the gen-
eral public, that traditional medicine can be made more effective by subject-
ing it completely to the principles of "science" as we apply them today. The
theory and practice of traditional Asian medicine deserves a much closer
analysis in its own terms before it is relegated to the equivalent antiquated
status granted to phlogiston theory. Meanwhile there are indications that
much of the iatrogenesis which has arisen in connection with herbal medica-
tion can be attributed to its application in what is considered to be a scientific
fashion (Lock: 1984). Of course we need more research into the physiologi-
cal actions of herbal medication and acupuncture, something which is being
seriously undertaken in most of the major teaching hospitals and some re-
search institutes in Japan. It is a most impressive sight, for example, to see
row upon row of tiny ginseng plants lined up in conical flasks containing
nourishing solutions, growing apace from a tissue culture of a single cell into
their characteristic form. But we are a long way from being able to analyse
chemically the action on the human body of ten or more crude drugs con-
taining possibly hundreds of active ingredients. Since we cannot apply sci-
ence reasonably accurately then it seems more appropriate to draw upon the
accumulated empirical wisdom of over one thousand years. The kanpo-i who
apply this knowledge use both their scientific training and an empirically
derived approach in their clinics; there is unanimous agreement among them
that at the present time an empirical approach is superior to a scientific ap-
proach for the prescription of herbal medication. When such an approach is

IX
Preface to the Paperback Edition

used prescriptions must be prepared especially for each patient and hence
pre-prepared standard medication is regarded as inadequate.
Diagnosis is another area where the traditional approach deserves careful
consideration. Many modern diagnostic techniques are highly refined and
readily reproduceable, but slowly we are learning that reliance upon average
values as standards for normality has its dangers, and that single measure-
ments of, for example, blood pressure or blood sugar levels are relatively
meaningless (Mishler et al.: 1981). It has also been shown that the increasing
dependence on laboratory tests and machines which aid in diagnosis has
raised the cost, the hazards, and the sense of patient alienation associated
with biomedicine (Reiser: 1978). Contemporary practitioners of East Asian
medicine do not rely wholly on traditional methods these days; they value a
scientific approach to diagnosis but they also retain the time honored tech-
niques of observation, questioning, listening, and palpation, and they relate
their findings to such variables as the diurnal and annual cycles of nature.
The changes over the past ten years do not seem very encouraging to me.
One of the conclusions drawn from my original research was that if acupunc-
ture, or any other therapeutic technique, is torn from its cultural context and
put to use as part of biomedical practice, then it becomes transformed into a
different technique, since the context, meanings, and objectives associated
with its practice are now different. I had the use of acupuncture in North
America in mind when I reached this conclusion, but it seems to be equally
true for the contemporary Japanese situation. East Asian medicine has not
been made available to all by incorporating parts of it into the socialized
health care system. On the contrary, herbal medication has simply become a
new class of drug. Furthermore, experienced traditional practitioners who
remain in private practice are losing patients who believe that they can now
receive quality traditional-style care in an ordinary hospital. Some patients,
no doubt, will soon realize that this is not so, but meantime the reputation of
traditional medicine is muddied, perhaps beyond repair. This situation can-
not be remedied until the organization of biomedical practice, the health
insurance reimbursement system for physicians, and the virtually unques-
tioned reliance on as scientific an approach as possible are modified. A few
isolated experiments by imaginative and concerned kanpo-i and other physi-
cians are the only bright spots on the horizon at present.

x
 Preface to the Paperback Edition

In conclusion I would like to stress that both biomedicine and East Asian
medicine focus upon biological interventions (although those of East Asian
medicine are less invasive) as central to the healing process. Hence both sys-
tems tend to avoid dealing with the social aspects of illness, although for
different reasons (see page 137). In modern Japan, however, patients, like
those in the industrial West, are suffering from problems in which social and
environmental aspects are crucial, such as diseases caused or exacerbated by
pollution, poor nutritional habits, being moved by one's employer, lack of
security for the elderly, and so on. Both biomedicine and East Asian medi-
cine, since they focus primarily on curative measures, tend to deflect atten-
tion away from the urgent social problems which affect health and illness in
modern Japan.
In North America the holistic health movement emerged partly as a re-
sponse to the barrage of criticism directed at biomedicine. Guttmacher, after
indicating some of the advantages in the style of thinking which is represen-
tative of this movement, adds that by viewing health as an end in itself, and
by emphasizing individual responsibility for health and illness, the move-
ment has in fact exacerbated the "medicalization" of many areas of life and
reinforced a basic biomedical premise: that disorders should be dealt with
largely at the personal level (Guttmacher: 1979:16). She adds that this atti-
tude receives government support since it is equated with cost containment.
In Japan, although something as clearly defined as a holistic health move-
ment cannot be detected, there is, nevertheless, an even stronger tendency
than in North America to reify health, to consider it a personal or family
problem, and to rush to the doctor for medication and psychological sup-
port. The roots of this behavior can be found in traditional East Asian medi-
cine, in indigenous psychotherapeutic systems (Reynolds: 1976), and their
associated philosophical systems. N o medical system can be expected to fully
answer the patient's question "why me?" But while the social dimensions of
an illness are ignored or reinterpreted as due to lack of personal care, the
burden of responsibility for an illness becomes that of the patient, many of
whom are victims of a social situation completely beyond their control.

Margaret Lock
Kyoto, January 1984

XI
 REFERENCES

Guttmacher, Sally, 1979, "Whole in Body, Mind and Spirit: Holistic

Health and the Limits of Medicine." Hastings Center Report. April pp.
15-21.
Lock, Margaret, 1984, "Licorice in Leviathan: The Medicalization of Care
for the Japanese Elderly.'' Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. In press.
Mainichi Shinbum, 1981, "Excessive use of kanpo medicine is ill advised."
December 19th.
Mishler, Elliot G., Lorna R. AmaraSingham, Stuart T. Hauser, Ramsay
Liem, Samuel D. Osherson, Nancy E. Waxier, 1981, Social Contexts of
Health, Illness and Patient Care. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Modern Medicine, 1982, "Kanpo-yaku\ an essay on side reactions". No. 1
pp. 80-81.
Nikkei Medical, 1981, "A survey of the Use of kanpoyaku by Practicing
Physicians" No. 10, pp. 28-31.
Reiser, Stanley J., 1978, Medicine and the Reign of Technology. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Reynolds, David K., 1976, Morita Psychotherapy. Berkeley: University of
California Press.

xii
 CONTENTS

Preface to the Paperback Edition v

List of Illustrations xv
List of Tables xvi
Preface xvii

1. Introduction: The Pendulum Swings to Holism 1

PART ONE: East Asian Medicine: Its Philosophical Foundations and

Historical Development 21
2. Early Japanese Medical Beliefs and Practices 23
3. Theoretical and Philosophical Foundations of East Asian
Medicine 27
4. History of East Asian Medicine in Japan 50

PART TWO: Attitudes toward the Body in Health and Sickness 67

5. Early Socialization 69
6. The Interrelationship of Socialization Practices and
Medical Beliefs 83

PART THREE: The East Asian Medical System in Urban Japan:

Kanpo 109
7. A Kanpo Clinic: The Patients 111
8. A Kanpo Clinic: The Doctors 127
9. Herbal Pharmacies 144

PART FOUR: The East Asian Medical System in Urban Japan:

Acupuncture, Moxibustion, and Massage 155
10. Acupuncture and Moxibustion Clinics: The Setting
and the Patients 157

Xlll
Contents

11. Massage: Shiatsu and Amma 179

12. East Asian Medical Schools 195
13 Philosophy and Attitudes of Acupuncture,
Moxibustion, and Massage Specialists 203
14. Holism and East Asian Therapy 217

PART FIVE: The Cosmopolitan Medical System 229

15. Doctor and Patient Relationships in Cosmopolitan
Medicine 231
1 6 . Conclusions 253

Glossary 267
Bibliography 269
Index 279

xiv
 ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATES
1. Performing acupuncture, Kamakura period 28
2. Doctor attired in the clothes of a priest, Edo period 55
3. Doctor preparing a prescription, Edo period 56
4. Diagram to aid in diagnosis. Late eighteenth-century Japanese
text 59
5. Diagram to aid in diagnosis. Late eighteenth-century Japanese
text 60
6. Buying aloe 75
7. Morning exercise at the local fire station 81
8. Festival at Shimogamo shrine, Kyoto, originally to ward off the
plague 89
9. Eating boiled radishes at the local temple 94
10. The waiting room of the kanpo hospital 112
11. Pharmacy of the kanpo hospital 128
12. A pharmacist of the Edo period chopping up plant
material 145
13. A busy, downtown acupuncture and massage clinic 158
14. An M.D. administers moxa mixed with oil at a baby clinic 171
15. Waiting in line for treatment at the baby clinic 173
16. Discussing shoulder tension before treatment 181
17. A blind practitioner performing amma 183
18. Pulse-taking in an acupuncture and moxibustion clinic 205

FIGURES
1. Mutual productive order and mutual conquest order 31
2. Positions for pulse-taking to determine state of organs 39
3. The gomi system of drug classification 42
4. Elementary principles of anatomy, physiology, biochemistry,
hygiene, as taught to children in kindergarten 93

xv
 TABLES

1. Table of Correspondences 32
2. Regular Use of Preventive and Therapeutic Techniques in the
Home 95
3. Foods That Should Not Be Eaten Together (Kuiawase) 97
4. Use of Religious Ritual in Connection with Illness 99
5. Use of East Asian Medicine in a Clinical Setting 99
6. Education of Kanpo Clinic Patients 121
7. Occupations of Kanpo Clinic Patients 121
8. Religious Beliefs of Kanpo Clinic Patients 122
9. Principal Conditions Treated at the Kanpo Clinic in One Month
(May) 122
10. Duration of Visits to Kanpo Clinic 123
11. Introduction to the Kanpo Clinic 124
12. Management of Illness in the Future 125
13. Origin of Illness 125
14. Principal Conditions Treated at the Acupuncture Clinic in One
Month (June) 163
15. Japanese and American Doctors Compared 234
16. Complaints of Patients about Cosmopolitan Medical
Treatment 234
17. Data on Cosmopolitan Doctors 236
18. Attitudes of Fifty Families toward the Family Doctor 243
19- Attitudes of Patients toward Their Family Doctor; Experiences with
Illness; Experiences with East Asian Medicine 244

xvi
 PREFACE

This study is based on fieldwork carried out in Japan in 1973 and 1974.
The purpose was to present a facet of Japanese culture which had not been
examined to any great extent before, and with this in mind I wrote to
Professor William Caudill, shortly before his death, expressing my interest in
the topic of East Asian medicine. It was his introduction to Dr. Yasuo
Otsuka, a practicing East Asian physician, which provided the impetus to
develop and focus the project. Dr. Otsuka not only facilitated a smooth
entry for me into the East Asian medical world, but was the first of many
Japanese informants to undo gently my preconceptions and set me on a
firmer course.
Fieldwork was conducted over a period of sixteen months. As formal
introductions are usually necessary to establish good rapport in Japan, a
considerable amount of time had to be spent in building up the necessary
contacts. Once entry to each clinic was established, I received nothing but
friendly cooperation, with only one exception. The confidence with which
each doctor welcomed me and explained his practice was a clear indication
of their faith in the importance of their own work. The clinics were selected
so that as many as possible of the various approaches to East Asian medicine
could be studied. All interviews were conducted personally in Japanese and
tape recorded.
The medical practitioners were interviewed initially in private with loosely
structured questionnaires; later, I was frequently welcomed into their family
circles and spent many hours sharing their lives both formally and infor-
mally. Patients were interviewed initially for about thirty minutes. My plan
was to follow up a small sample of the patients by interviewing them at six-
month intervals, but there is no appointment system in the clinics, and the

XVll
Preface

task of sitting and waiting to catch particular patients on the off chance that
they would appear became impossible. Nevertheless, I did see some patients
quite regularly and could watch their progress.
I was allowed to observe doctor and patient interaction freely during the
examination and treatment sessions, and I actually underwent all forms of
therapy myself in almost all of the clinics discussed. My husband and my
two children, aged four and one-and-a-half on our arrival in Kyoto, received
all their medical care, for the duration of our stay, in East Asian medical
clinics.
For comparative purposes, nine Kyoto doctors practicing cosmopolitan
medicine were interviewed regarding their own medical practice and atti-
tudes toward East Asian medicine. These doctors were selected because they
were in private practice and were independent owners of medical clinics and
so that I might cover a variety of specialties.
In order to establish general attitudes toward health beliefs and practices,
rather than simply record those of people who were actually sick, I selected
fifty Kyoto families for interviews. Half the sample was composed of fami-
lies from a middle- to upper-middle-class residential area, and the other
twenty-five families were selected from a lower-middle-class area of shop-
keepers and small entrepreneurial families. Interviews of the families were
conducted in their homes by Japanese research assistants and lasted about an
hour for each family.
Observations of mother-and-child and teacher-and-child behavior regard-
ing health were carried out personally in ten families and two schools at
intervals over a nine-month period.
I visited eight herbal pharmacies, and after interviewing the pharmacists I
spent half a day in three of them observing interaction between customers
and pharmacist. I also visited a few clinics in Osaka and Tokyo and spent one
day in each of three schools that teach East Asian medicine in Kyoto and
Osaka. During the final six months of the fieldwork, I attended a private
seminar in classical East Asian medicine conducted by a practicing doctor.
Finally, I attended festivals and ceremonies at temples and shrines related
to health care, visited two of the new religions that make use of traditional
medicine, and spent some of my "free time" in public baths and at hot-
spring resorts.

XVlll
 Preface

My ultimate aim was to observe, experience, and discuss as full a range of

East Asian medicine as was possible within the given limitations of time and
financial resources.
I am indebted to all the doctors, patients, pharmacists, and residents of
Kyoto who cooperated and contributed so willingly with my intrusion into
their lives and with my endless questions. In particular, my thanks g o to Drs.
Hiroshi Sakaguchi, Keigo Nakata, and Masakasu Yamazaki, who not only
welcomed me in their midst, but provided excellent medical care for my
family. Among the other practitioners to whom I am indebted, Drs. Yasuji
Nagao, Kazuo Komai, Kunzo Nagayama, Otoharu Takagi, Eizo Asayama,
and Yoshitaka Tsunokawa must be credited with special thanks. The patients
remain anonymous, but they have contributed to this study as much as have
the members of the medical profession. It was they who taught me, in a way
I could never have understood so readily in the Western Hemisphere, about
the social nature of illness.
Professor Mamoru Tabata of the pharmacognosy department of Kyoto
University has been of unfailing support both in the field and afterward. His
criticisms and suggestions are gratefully acknowledged. Professor Mit-
sukuni Yoshida, of the Center for Research into the Human and Cultural
Sciences in Kyoto, was kind enough to help me with some of the historical
material, and Professors Takeo Doi (Tokyo University) and Toshinao
Yoneyama (Kyoto University) provided helpful criticism and advice regard-
ing research techniques and analysis of data.
Informal discussions and assistance with transcription of data furnished
by my Japanese friends have been invaluable. To Yasuhito Kinoshita, for his
encouragement at our meetings in the Almond Coffee Shop, Akasakamit-
suke, where I really started to speak Japanese, and for his help throughout all
the fieldwork and after, to Machiko Hayase, the best of research assistants
and baby-sitters, to Yasuko Yabe and to Fumiko Bielefeldt, g o my special
thanks.
Professors George DeVos, Elizabeth Colson, and Robert Bellah of the
University of California at Berkeley have helped me formulate my ideas over
the years; their encouragement, advice, and guidance are warmly acknowl-
edged. More recently, Donald Bates and Joseph Leila of the Department of
the History of Medicine at McGill University have provided useful and

xix
Preface

stimulating discussions, which have served to temper my ideas in fruitful

ways. I should also like to thank Gladys Castor for her careful editing of the
manuscript.
The Social Science Research Council furnished the grant for the field-
work in Japan and for some of the time spent in writing up the data.
Finally, my warmest thanks go to my husband, Richard, for his unfailing
support, and to my children, Adam and Gudrun, each of whom experienced
a different Japan and taught me so much more than I could have understood
on my own.

All of the photographs in this volume were taken by Richard and Mar-
garet Lock, with the exception of those which were taken from books.
Photographs 4 and 5 are taken from the Fukushd-Kiran-Yoku and are
reproduced with the kind permission of Dr. Hiroshi Sakaguchi. Photographs
2, 3, and 12 are reproduced from the volume Edo Shokunin Zukushi Shu,
with the kind permission of the author, Kazuo Hanazaki, and the publishers,
Watanabe Shoten of Tokyo. The book was published in 1973, and the
pictures are reproductions from the original volumes in which they ap-
peared: Shokunin Zukushi Hokku Awase and Edo Shokunin Uta Awase.
Photograph 1 is reproduced from the collection of the Yamato Bunkakan,
Nara, with the permission of the curator.

xx
 1
Introduction: The Pendulum
Swings to Holism

There are and can be only two ways of searching into and
discovering the truth. The one flies from the senses and particulars
to the most general axioms . . . this way is now in fashion. The
other derives axioms from the senses and particulars, rising by a
gradual and unbroken ascent, so that it arrives at the most
general axioms last of all. This is the true way, but as yet untried.
Francis Bacon,
Novum Organum, 1620

The nature of most human problems is such that universally valid

answers do not exist, because there is more than one aspect to each
of these problems.
Victor Weisskopf,
Physics in the Twentieth
Century, 1972

Concepts of health and illness are based on, among other things, value
systems and both individual and collective experiences; they are therefore
culture-bound and subject to changes according to their historical and social
context. As explanations for health and illness change with the mores of the
times, actual medical theory and practice change, and these in turn have an
effect on the epidemiology of disease.
In the industrial world, with its enormous problems of pollution, over-
population, and chronic disease, concepts of health and illness are currently

1
East Asian Medicine in Urban Japan

being reevaluated; at the same time the theoretical assumptions and practices
o f cosmopolitan medicine have been subjected to much criticism and close
examination.1 (See Carlson 1975; Fuchs 1974; Illich 1976; McKeown 1976;
Navarro 1976; Rhodes 1976.) It is in this context that an interest in medical
systems o f other periods o f history and other cultures has recently emerged.
This criticism is also manifest in Japan, the country with the third largest
gross national product in the world. The Japanese, like people in the West,
have alternative medical systems that they can turn to when they are dissatis-
fied, and the traditional East Asian medical system,2 established in Japan in
the sixth century, is presently undergoing a revival. This medical system,
which has caught the attention of Western observers from many walks of
life, is the subject for analysis in this book.
Earlier studies o f both cosmopolitan and other medical systems have
usually concentrated on only one principal system o f medical thought for
any given culture at any given time. Where a medical system was in contact
with cosmopolitan medicine it was generally assumed that, given enough
exposure, cosmopolitan medicine would eclipse traditional medicine. More
recent studies emphasize pluralism as the norm; in complex cultures where
several medical systems are readily available it has been established that,
although adaptation may take place as the result o f culture contact, pluralism
rather than assimilation is usual (Leslie 1975; Kunstadter 1975; Topley
1975). Moreover, when any one medical system is analyzed in detail, several
persistent modes of thought, often radically different, can be detected,
although certain modes attain dominance as a particular world view holds
sway at any given historical time (Engel 1977; Otsuka 1976; Smith 1973;
Virchow 1958). Recent studies o f the decision-making process in general
and the selection o f medical care in particular stress the ability o f an indi-
vidual to sustain potentially conflicting points of view, any one o f which may
be drawn upon depending on the situation (Janzen 1978; Kleinman 1979)-

1 The medical system usually referred to as "Western," "scientific," or "modern" will

hereafter be referred to as "cosmopolitan" in accord with the argument put forward by
Dunn (1976, p. 135) for use of this term.
2 The term "East Asian medical system" is used to refer to the medical beliefs that
were dominant until the nineteenth century among the literate populations of China,
Korea, and Japan and which are usually referred to in the literature as classical Chinese
medicine or oriental medicine.

2
 Pendulum Swings to Holism

Our present willingness to analyze and understand medical systems as

pluralistic institutions, and our interest in the complexity and in the wide
variations of normal human behavior, are in themselves a reflection of
changing values in contemporary times.
A glance at the history of Western medicine reveals perennial sources of
tension in medical thinking and the swing back and forth from one mode of
thought to another. This tension is apparent in the Hippocratic corpus,
becomes polarized in the rationalist and empirical schools of Greece and
Rome, and continues until the present day. Theories of disease causation
furnish a recurrent issue for debate. Dubos (1965, p. 319) describes the two
dominant modes of thought as the "ontological" versus the "physiological"
viewpoint. According to the "ontological" doctrine, disease is regarded as a
specific entity, "a thing in itself, essentially unrelated to the patient's person-
ality, his bodily constitution, or his mode of life" (p. 320), while in the
"physiological" model disease is seen simply as an abnormal state that is due
to imbalance experienced by the individual organism at a given time. These
types of explanations are used in many medical systems, but either one may
receive greater emphasis, depending on the prevailing ideas of the time and
the specific medical problem under consideration.
Since the seventeenth century in Europe, and the emergence of the
mechanistic and reductionistic approach to biology and medicine under the
influence of Newton and Descartes, the ontological theory has held consid-
erable but not exclusive sway. Toward the end of the nineteenth century
when the doctrine of "specific etiology of disease" (Dubos 1959, p. 101)
came to the fore, ontological theory seemed destined to be the final answer
to disease causation. The discoveries of Pasteur and Koch in the realms of
bacteriology are of the greatest relevance during this period, and they led to
the notion that all infectious disease could be controlled by means of
specific drugs and vaccines. This belief was reinforced with the discovery of
the sulfa drugs in the 1930s and antibiotics in the 1940s. It continues to
dominate our approach to clinical research today when, for example, we
look for the cause and cure of cancer.
Despite the tremendous success of the ontological, biomedical approach,
the physiological model with its emphasis on psychosomatic theories and
the relationship of the individual to the environmental milieu has always had
a following, spearheaded until recently by epidemiologists and public health

3
East Asian Medicine in Urban Japan

workers and to a lesser extent by psychiatrists and psychologists. Over the

past twenty years as an overwhelming adherence to the biomedical model
has come into question, a reawakening interest in the physiological or
"holistic" approach has gradually gained momentum. This is due not only to
criticism of the biomedical approach but also to a change in values and
attitudes toward knowledge in general.
There are complex reasons for a reexamination of the biomedical model
related both directly and indirectly to the medical world itself. Intolerable
costs (either to individuals or to governments), inaccessibility of medical care
because of poor distribution by locality and specialty, and dissatisfaction
with the "quality" of the medical encounter when it takes place, are cited by
Eisenberg (1977, p. 235) as important factors. These problems are thought
to arise largely because of the historical bias of cosmopolitan medicine in
which an "engineering" approach was established in order to put medicine
on a scientific footing. McKeown (1971) expresses it as follows:

The approach to biology and medicine established during the

seventeenth century was an engineering one based on a
physical model. Nature was conceived in mechanistic terms,
which lead in biology to the idea that a living organism could
be regarded as a machine which might be taken apart and
reassembled if its structure and function were fully
understood. In medicine, the same concept leads further to
the belief that an understanding of disease processes and of
the body's response to them would make it possible to
intervene therapeutically, mainly by physical (surgical),
chemical, or electrical methods. (P. 36)

Von Mering and Earley (1965) state that the legacy of this attitude can be
observed in modern medical practice:

It has . . . been our observation that the clinic physician and

the general practitioner share a kind of "molecular man"
orientation which seems to predispose them to be more
concerned with the specifics of the presenting complaint and
to look eagerly for major disease in every bed or consulting
room. (P. 198)

4
 Pendulum Swings to Holism

They believe that the "growth of medicine as a science of tests and measure-
ments rather than an art involving the five senses" is largely to blame, along
with the impersonal use of large hospitals as the usual site for diagnosis and
treatment.
Specialization and the attempt to attain objectivity necessitated by a
scientific approach are seen as major problems in the actual delivery of
health care, leading to a lack of concern with the outcome of therapy, little
interest in the experience of illness, and a tendency to equate the removal of
symptoms with a complete and successful cure. Dedication to progress in
medical technology, described by Carlson (1975, p. 12), is cited as the prin-
cipal cause of iatrogenesis (damage caused by the medical profession itself).
Iatrogenesis occurs in all medical traditions, but because cosmopolitan
medicine is theoretically based on scientific tenets, it is particularly hard for
doctors in this system to admit to fallibility and for patients to accept that
doctors are fallible.
Not only the theoretical approach but the professionalization of medicine
has also come under censure. In the words of Freidson (1970, p. 5), "Medi-
cine's position today is akin to that of state religions yesterday—it has an
officially approved monopoly of the right to define health and illness and to
treat illness." In Medical Nemesis (1976, p. 40), although Illich's argument is
often overstated, he makes the important point that in industrial societies
where medicine is highly professionalized the public is stripped of its ability
to care for itself; this he terms social iatrogenesis. He cites, among other
things, the management of old age, childbirth, and death as areas where the
medical profession has defined its right to be in control. The interrelation-
ship of medicine with politics (Navarro 1976) and with the drug industry
(Silverman and Lee 1974) provide further areas for critical analysis.
Recent developments in the field of epidemiology furnish data which,
while not being critical of the biomedical model, indicate that its success
may not be as dramatic as was formerly believed. Rosen (1958, pp. 225 ff.),
Dubos (1961, p. 131), and McKeown (1965, pp. 21-58) put forward the
argument that the general improvement in health and the decrease in mor-
tality rates in the Western world largely took place before the advent of mod-
ern drugs and technology. These changes toward the end of the nineteenth
century are attributed to better nutrition and to the introduction of certain
standards of public hygiene instigated by medical reformers who were, in

5
East Asian Medicine in Urban Japan

fact, sometimes opposed to the germ theory o f disease. McKeown (1971, p.

36) also stresses the importance o f the introduction o f birth control and
believes that this is the most significant variable to consider in accounting for
improved health conditions. According to McKeown, the contribution of
clinical medicine to general health standards was not significant until the
second quarter o f the twentieth century, and by that time most of the total
decline in mortality had already been achieved. The conclusions that are
drawn from these articles are that social and cultural factors and man's
relationship to his environment are of crucial importance in the occurrence
and control o f disease.
Change in epidemiology of disease from largely acute to chronic prob-
lems was thought to be due, on the one hand, to longer life expectancy and,
on the other, to the conquest of acute problems, but epidemiologists see the
issue as more complex than this. John Powles, in an article (1973) in which
he makes use of the literature on epidemiology in hunter-gatherer, agri-
cultural, and industrial societies, demonstrates that the rise in chronic and
degenerative diseases in the modern industrial world is not just simply due to
increased life expectancy, but is due rather to maladaptation to the environ-
ment that we have created for ourselves. He states:

Industrial populations owe their current health standards to a

pattern o f ecological relationships which serves to reduce
their vulnerability to death from infection and to a lesser
extent to the capabilities of clinical medicine. Unfortunately
this new way o f life, because it is so far removed from that to
which man is adapted by evolution, has produced its own
disease burden. These diseases of maladaptation are, in many
cases, increasing. (P. 12)

Other data, though still controversial, focus on the interrelationship o f

personality type with the incidence of many kinds of disease, including
coronary heart disease, cancer, arthritis, migraine, low back pain, and asthma
among others. (See LeShan 1959,1966; Scotch and Geiger 1962; Simonton
and Simonton 1975; Thomas and Duszynski 1974.)
In the light of these recent developments new trends in health policy
planning are beginning to appear (Lalonde 1975). The fact that chronic
diseases, for whatever reason, are the major medical problems in industrial

6
 Pendulum Swings to Holism

societies has probably spurred on this development: first, treatment of

chronic disease causes the largest drain on budgets for health; second, the
incidence of chronic disease brings into sharp focus the problem of why
only certain members of the population show a high morbidity; and last, the
question of quality in health care becomes central. Powles (1973) describes
the situation thus:

With a rising proportion of illness evidently man-made and

increasing restrictions on the further increase of resource
consumption for medical care, medicine seems bound to
move in an "ecological" direction.... With less confidence in
his ability to master nature man will have to learn to live more
openly with his vulnerability to forces he cannot control and
with the frailty of the individual human existence. Man's
domination of nature has been the central impetus of modern
industrial culture. Further pursuit of this within the already
industrialized countries is likely to be self-defeating and could
well be disastrous. (P. 25)

This need to move in an "ecological" direction was expressed in 1975 as part

of official health policy planning by the Deputy Director-General of the
World Health Organization, Dr. Lambo, who made the following observa-
tion:

The health status of an individual becomes meaningful only

in terms of his human environment, i.e., his social and cultural
milieu. The lessons of the last few decades have shown that
social and economic changes have at least as much influence
on health as medical interventions.... We must be sensitive
to the issues involved in these changes and relate them to the
rhythms and needs of individuals. (P. 7)

This statement and that of John Powles hint at some of the changes in
values and attitudes toward knowledge which stem not simply from medi-
cine but from changes in our approach to science itself. Heisenberg's Uncer-
tainty Principle is the first expression in mathematical form of the problems
which the pure scientists are facing. He demonstrates conclusively that the
concept of a distinct physical entity, such as a particle, is an idealization that

7
East Asian Medicine in Urban Japan

has no fundamental significance. It can only be defined in terms of its

connections with the whole, and these connections are of a statistical nature,
that is, probabilities rather than certainties. Heisenberg (1958) therefore
concludes:

[In modern physics], one has now divided the world not into
different groups of objects but into different groups of
connections.... What can be distinguished is the kind of
connection which is primarily important in a certain
phenomenon. . . . The world thus appears as a complicated
tissue of events, in which connections of different kinds
alternate or overlap or combine and thereby determine the
texture of the whole. (P. 107)

Once Heisenberg's ideas were put into mathematical formulation, the way
was open for some scientists to join forces with philosophers and other think-
ers in seeking alternatives to explanations and answers for everything in finite
scientific terms. The natural world is at present best explained with a model
similar to that which Durkheim postulated sixty years ago for the social world:
that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts and has a "reality" of its
own, which cannot be totally explained by an examination of the parts. Man
and the universe are not simply a jigsaw puzzle that will be made entirely
comprehensible when the last piece is slotted into place.
The new trend in the sciences is therefore to appreciate the interrelation-
ship of parts—ecological, holistic models are fashionable. The biologist
Theobald (1972) states:

All other species work within the existing habitat. Their

success or failure depends upon their ability to adapt to the
conditions in which they find themselves. Their survival
depends upon a complex, interrelated ecosystem of which
they form a small part and over which they have very limited
control... . Man alone has tried to deny his relationship to
the total ecosystem of which he forms a part by continuously
cutting off feedback which he finds undesirable. He has
developed the habit of seeing his habitat as totally flexible
according to his own wishes and desires. (P. l)

8
 Pendulum Swings to Holism

Fred Hoyle (1955), the astronomer, pushes the argument to its limits:

Present-day developments in cosmology are coming to

suggest rather insistently that everyday conditions could not
persist but for the distant parts of the Universe, that all our
ideas of space and geometry would become entirely invalid if
the distant parts of the Universe were taken away. Our
everyday experience even down to the smallest details seems
to be so closely integrated to the grand-scale features of the
Universe that it is well-nigh impossible to contemplate the
two being separated. (P. 304)

When a holistic approach is applied to medicine new questions and

attitudes emerge. Cosmopolitan medicine, with its technological bias,
stresses the removal o f specific symptoms by therapeutic intervention. But
when a man is considered in relation to his environment, then the emphasis
becomes one o f maintaining health and balance rather than restoring lost
health. Naming a specific cause for a disease is not considered sufficient. A
search is made for a pattern o f events that could have allowed the patient to
become vulnerable to specific causes of disease. Social, psychological, en-
vironmental, and genetic factors should all be considered, not only to solve
the present medical problem, but to aid in prevention of future problems.
Emphasis is on adjustment rather than cure.
The range o f cosmopolitan medicine is once again expanding to include
a variety o f factors beyond the biomedical model and is now similar to
medical systems in nontechnological societies (Frank 1964, p. vii), to West-
ern medicine until the early twentieth century, and also to that laid out in the
classics o f Ayurvedic, YunanT, and East Asian medical traditions.
Dubos (1968) puts the holistic approach into contemporary language:

The activities o f various hormones influence all of the human

organism's responses to noxious agencies. The secretion of
these hormones is in turn affected by psychological factors
and by the symbolic interpretation the mind attaches to
environmental agents and stimuli. This individual
interpretation is so profoundly conditioned by the experiences
of the past and by the anticipations of the future that the

9
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
110 Ossington av — Henry slsmn to 54 Oxford KI 1934 — Jas r 213
Beverley KI 0254 —John E elk Can Life r 426 Gladstone av LO S770
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Ltd ti 110 Humbercrest blvd (H Crest) JU 7071 — Louis L slsmn r
110 Ossington av LA 0154 — Lyman W pres Train Bros Ltd h 8 Strath
av (Kngswy Pk) LY" 5700 — Muriel G stenog Ont Hydro r L. 1926
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Patk earl) r 35 Ha.dley rd HY 6200 — Sami B mgr (milk products div)
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21 Laurier av — Verna Mrs r 3 Glen Morris KI 3262 Traister Marian
elk Morris E Traister r 393 Spadina av MI 7656 — Marvin e-mp Royal
York r 393 Spadina av MI 7656 - — Morris E. gro (ret) 393 Spadina
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Tra-montln Umberto lab Art Plastering Co h 21 Hartley av (Frbk)
Tramp Robt r 334 Lake Promenade (Long Branch) Tran Annie Eh B 2,
35 Northumberland KE 9866 — Dorothy (wid) r 12 Kennedy av
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T 1709J — Doris elk Goodyear Tire r 160 Hillside av (Mim) ph N T
1709 J Trane Co of Canada Ltd Grant E Cole vice-pres and mgr, J S
Roberts sectreas. Albert J Kinsey purch agt, heating and air
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34 Raglan av (Wyeh) Tranmer Winniett G elk Bank of Mont (Tor Br) h
307 St Clements av HU 1483 Tra-no Oscar M p-res Canada
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Co Allan W Firby br mgr, importers 511, 32-34 Front w WA 4146
Trans Atlas Trading Co (Canada) Ltd S Eldon Gibson pres and genl -
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Y'onge HY 1536 - Canada Air Lines Herbert D Barling mgr, air
transportation 76 Yonge AD -8525, WA 7811 ,and Royal York Hotel
82-118 Front w AD 4961 - Canada News Co G V Laughton circulation
dir, 511-512, ,210 Dundas w AD 9131 - Canada Press Arthur L
Tunnell mgr, publishers 2nd fir, 392 Bay WA 4151 Transcontinental
Resources Ltd D M Hogarth pres, A W Carr vice-pres. Col G G
Blackstock sec-treas, 31st fir, 25 King w EL 7313 Transfer
Delicatessen (Louis D Muir) cooked meats, pastries (ret) 11
'Ossington av r same LA 3108 — Lunch (Peter Photopoulos) 1316
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Ltd D R Maequarrie pres, publrs 814, 36 Toronto WA 2403 — Supply
Co Ltd Reg R Reynolds pres, Lee Wallace sec-treas, automotive
accessories 9'05, .2-8 King e EL 8333, -plant 650 -Runnymede rd
Transportation Appliances of Canada Ltd (C M Fouse and Bruce
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Lunch (Verdun H B-ailey) -rest (ret) 1201 Bathurst ME 9084 Trant
Fredk acct Geo A Touche & Co h 252 Sheldrake blvd MO 2138 —
John F and Dom Govt h 210 Manor rd e HY 9355 — Patk H tlr r 210 -
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Allan emp Swifts h 183 Campbell av LL 5779 — Arthur S emp Grand
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h 87 Campbell av - — Chas S order filler Drug Trading r 36
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Florence (wid Chas) h 128 Nairn av ■KE 4804 — Geo (Golden Glow
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36 Sutherland av (Scar) GR 1754 — John th 558 -McRoberts av
(Frblt) — Jos H tehr Chas G Fraser Schl h 126 Delaware av LA 6803
— Mary E tehr Hartman Jones Memorial Schl r .83 Gough av HA
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aws h 35 Avonlea blvd HO 0650 — Wm night wtchmn Mississauga
Golf Club h 63 Campbell av LO 0589 — Wm produce dir h 17
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(H Crest) JU 3665 Tranturn John A cretkr Lynwood Apts h -2-5, 471
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Manning av — Jos messr PO r 2 Henderson av Traparis Louis (La P-
laza Tea Room) r 142 Eastbourne av Tr-aplin John C barber King
Edward Hotel h 2, 109 Dowling av LA 7656 —Theresa Mrs ,r 41
Pembroke TR 1686 Trapling Peter A r 2, 109 Dowling av LA 7656
Trapp Harold A insp Browns Bread h 49 Bowmore rd HO 8258 —
Harold L stock broker (Playfair & Co) to 89 High bourne rd HY 8973
— Lena (wid Albt) r 49 Bowmo-re rd HO 825-8 — Lewis A sales mgr
Browns Bread Ih 46 St Cut-hberts rd (Leas) MO 9422 Trappe Evelyn
S -elk Dom Bank (King & Yonge) r 46 Manor rd w Trasewych Walter
h 716A Queen w Trashe Jos -trk drvr Tor Milk Bottle Exch to 298
Crawford Trask Elizth (wid Simon) r 28 Hadley rd HY 9937 - — Jacob
M A pntr Prov Govt h 697A Mt Pleasant rd — John T H -roofer
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194 Bloor w KI 2575 — Sami agt Crown Life r 463 Euclid av LO 9001
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1701 — Florence emp Home Lndry r 307 Manning -av RA 4418 —
John delvry boy Virginia Dare -r 335 -Manning av KI 1701 — Jos
spec dlvry -PO r 2- Henderson av — Luigi lab to 2 Henderson av —
Peter emp CNR to 307 Manning av RA 4418 — Primo lab h 18 Avon
av (Mt D) Travaglini Bruno lirdrsr P Leone r 204 Macplherson av
Trava-lo Evelyn F r 11 Mould av (Rnny) JU 2220 — Guy lab ,r 11 -
Mould av (Rnny) JU 2220 — Louis A constn foremn to 11 Mould av
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shoemkr Reliance Shoe h E, 95 St Clarens av LL 9024 TRAVELLERS
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460 Strathmore blvd — Cecil ,T asst stkpr Ont Hydro ir 212
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Joicey blvd — Francis to 728 Dovercourt rd —Frank E elk C N Tel h
248 River — Fred chemist MeColl-Frontenac r 50 Wembley dr GR
6173 — Gerald Y wrehsemn Ellis & Howard I' 5 Gifford av — H
porter Eatons ,r 50 Wembley dr GR 6173 — Helen D elk Elizth Miller
,r 5 Gifford RA 3487 — Isabel T bkpr r 5 Gifford RA 3487 — Jas
orderly Tor Hosp for Incurables r 8 Melbourne av — Jessie shpr
Langleys r 8 Allan vale av (Frbk) — John h 236 Bathurst (active ser)
— John P (Art Craft Printing Co Ltd) h 411 Lansdowne av LL 9810 —
.John W elk PO r 411 Lansdowne av LL 9810 — Jos carp h 21,2
Woodbine av HO 1084 — Jos J mgr Wright Wines Ltd Store No 5
(513 St Clair iav w) -r 5 Gifford RA 3487 — Lawrence florist 312
Melrose av (Nth Y) h same — Leo E prntr 'Art Craft Printing li 66
Dunn av --Libby (wid Arthur) h 97 Fulton av GE 3992 — Louisa (wid
Frank) h 77 Bellevue av EL 4568 —Marcel Mrs r 185 Mutual — Margt
(wid John) ih 409 Lansdowne av — Mark fnsllir Coulter Copper &
Brass h 7, 261% College — Peter engnr Can Glazed Papers h 8
Allenvale av (Frbk) LO 0278 — Regd drvr White Oak Farm Dairy h 18
Bushey av (Mt D) JU 482,2 — Reuben P ins agt North Br Mercantile
h 2,34 Lansdowne av LL 3777 — Rhoda C stenog Tor Executives
Assn r 55 Geoffrey LL 1919 — Susie (wid Calvin) h 159 Cortleigh
blvd MO 0909 — Thelma T swtctobd opr Gooderham & Worts r 5
Gifford RA 3487 — The.resa (wid Edwd) h 5 Gifford RA 3487 — Thos
B :repr,mn TTC !h 105 Parkside dr KE 9'03'C — Vera h 156
'Cumberland KI 2997 —Violet elk € N Tel r 421 Clinton ME 1521 —
Violet slsldy John Northway r 531 Y'onge — Walter J slsmn
Drummond. McCall & Co h 326 Cr-anbrooke av HU 9590 — Wm G
shoe ctr Gutta Percha ih 55 Geoffrey LL 1919 — Wm L asst shpr
Regal Films h 12, 368 George — Willoughby F h 661 Crawford —
Willoughby J cretkr Duke of York Schl h 394 Deloraine av (Nth Y) HU
3357 Traversy Ulysses E h 4 Alameda -av (Frbk) Traves John R with
Bell Tel to 20 Neville Park blvd HO 5638 Travis Agnes (wid Geo K) h
571 Keele —1432—
 Travis Albt lab h 188 Glebeholme blvd — Alex elk CNE ih 41
Lynd av LL 2.382 — Alex 1 drvr Conger Lehigh Coal Co Ltd ib 44
'Pritchard av (Rnny) — Cassie 0 (wid Stephen A) ih 180 Waljner rd
KI 32,24 — Chas benohmn Scythes & Co r 63 Vine av — D Joyce
emp W G Edge Ltd >r 66A Vaughan rd LO 4652 — E Mrs r 12 Laurier
av — Elsden elk American News r 271 Windermere av (Swan) — Eva
r 195 Jarvis — F E mech Breay-Nash Motoirs res Langstaff —
Florence (wid Geo) h 246 Weston rd — Frank wtr Clinton Hotel b 11
Lynn rd (B'C'h C) GR 8680 — -Fred swtchmn CPR h 4, 97 Spencer, av
LA 3904 — Fredk W eiev opr Eatons Ih 34 Sorauren av LA 5412 —
Geo A night elk Confed Life ih 41 Rockwell av JU 4959 — Geo C
prsmn Might Directories r 180 Walmer rd KI 322,4 — Geo M slsmn
Silverwoods Dairy to 328 Melrose av (Nth Y) MA 3951 — Georgina H
opr Scythes & Co r 63 Vine avenue — Gordon dlvry boy Weavers
Cartage r 493 Eastern av — Hal E bkr A & P r 246 Weston rd — Jack
office boy Globe & Mail r 66A Vaughan rd LO 4652 — Jas h 3. 373
Bloor e MI 60,21 — Jas A insp Union Stock Yards h 75 Ryding av —
Jas Co Ltd Wm Dykes pres and mgr, Mrs Evelyn Wise sec-treas,
mining investments 1412, 55 York EL 6167 —Jas D pouncer Robert
Crean & Co h 36 Jerome — Jessie Mrs h 612 Gerrard e — Lome elk
A & P r 23 Davisville av MO 8573 — Maude r 66 William (Wstn) —
Neal T pimbr 'Candn Kodak h 2S Howick avenue — Percy brass wkr
Brooks Mfg Co to 34 White av (La M) — Ptoebe A slsclk Simpsons r
246 Weston rd — Robt P comp to 1.22 St Clarens av — Sherman
barber Herbert Tucker r 110 Pembroke — Sybil (wid* Raymond W)
*h 59 Corley av —Thos brklyr h 56 Gray av (,Mt D) — Thos leather
wkr Monarch Belting r 612 Gerrard e — Thos A lab Conger Coal Co h
63 Vine ,av — Thos V furnacemn Aluminum Co of Can to 261
Sterling rd LL 5.856 — Tfao.ra M r B, 3134 Dundas w LY 9287 — ' V
Miss r 3, 531A Yonge RA 3069 — Violet Mrs r 11 Lynn rd (Belt C) GR
8680 — W John carp contr h 66A Vaughan rd LO 4652 — Wm E
horse tr.nr h 66 William (Wstn) — Wm J prntr 46 Colbo.rne h 22
Lansdo_wne av LA 8324 — Wm R pouncer Robert Crean & Co ires
Langstaff Traviss Albt assmblr Candn John Wood r 951 Greenwood
av (E Y) GL 0177 — Albt barber Bowles Barber Shop r 94 Gledhill av
— Betty r 78 Alberta av LL 7249 — Blanche L opr Rogers-Majestic r
15 Emnross cres — Carl G barber 3340 Yonge (HU 5784 h 78 Roslin
av — C'has W attdt Rowe .Motors to 47 Central (Mim) — Chas W
night staff Telegram to 305 Windermere av (Swan) LY 6556 —Donald
btehr (ret) 846 College LO 3491 ,h 78 Alberta av LL 7249 — Donald
R r 78 Alberta av LL 7249 — Dorothy slsldy Eatons r 78 Alberta av LL
7249 — Geo A brklyr h 198 Carlaw av — Gladys E elk Woolworths r
317 Sherbour-ne — Gordon W (Traviss Hardware) h 1470 Danforth
*av GL 4201 — Hardware (Gordon W Traviss) 1472 Danforth av GL
4201 — Hardware (Wilbur J Traviss) (hardware (ret) 777 Mt Pleasant
rd MO 5666 — Jas A pres Traviss, Sctoolfleld & Co Ltd h 1 Relmar
gdns (Fst H) HU 9807 — Margt looper Herbert Hosiery Mills r 157
Ashdale av HA 6316 — Orma sample room girl Sun-Tested
Wallpapers :r 163 Lansdowne av ME 2868 — Percy W pntr and dec
163 Lansdowne av to same ME 2868 —Robt barber h 94 Gledhill *av
(E Y) — Robt H brklyr h 157 Ashdale av HA 6316 — . Scho.lft''ld &
Co Ltd James A Traviss pres. Major Geo P Sctoolfleld vice-pres. bond
brokers 210, 68 Yonge WA S096-8 — Wilbur J (Traviss Hardware) h
777 Mt Pleasant rd MO 5666 — Wm M elk Dept of Works h 201. 805
College Travnicek Wm ironwkr Frankel Bros to 543 Shaw Travola
Antoinette lndrs Royal York Hotel r 218 Maria — Evelyn elk r 87 Pape
av HA 1308 — Guy wtr White Chef r 87 Pape av HA 1308 — Louis A
contr h 87 Pape av HA 1308 Traxler Hans garage and mach stoop
369 Sorauren *av res Islington Tray Walter r 369 King w Trayanoff
Dono (Broadview Billiard Parlor) to 723 Queen e — Geo elk Sterio
Trayanoff r 229 Broadview av GL 02,87 — Jas S porter Tor Hunt Club
r 1355 Kingston rd — Sterio confy (ret) 2,29 Broadview av to same
GL 0:287 — Wm sht copper wkr Pyrene Mnfg r 725 Queen e
Tr.aykow Alex emp Rose 'Cafe ir 76 Mitchell avenue T.rayling Arthur
boilermkr h 88 De Grassi GL 4054 —Arthur J boilermkr Tor Iron
Works to 428 Victoria Park ,av HO 8665 — Bettoley r 124 Pape -av
HA 4390 — Fredlk coimp United €h Pub House to 35 Osboirne av —
Fredk A w.ldr Tor Iron Works r 428 Victoria Park av HO 8665 — John
jr r 124 Pape av HA 4390 — John prsmn United Oh Pub House to
124 Pape av HA 4390 — Jos W prsmn Eatons to 303 Jones av GL
1835 — Margt book fldr United Ch Pub House *r 43 Osborne av —
Margt Mrs ir .81 Kimberley — 'Mary r 303 , Jones av GL 1835 —
Maude shaker Superior Laundry r 124 Pape av HA 4390 — Paul R J
tokrs hlpr Christie Brown -r 43 Osborne av —Rose G opr Simpsons *r
124 Pape av HA 4390 Trayneir Chas M elect Candn Kodak h 169
Yarmouth rd LA 7617 — Jas steward CPR to 111 Eaton av HA 4'3 19
— John emp London Life Ins Co r 592 Markham ME 6976 Traynor
Alice Mrs h .263 Bain av BA 2659 — Allan J tolpr Star r 14 Greyton
cres (Frbk) — Andrew emp Gutta Percha Kubber to 1A Perth av —
Annie Mrs bindery opr Bryant 'Press h 4, 366A Bloor w — Artemus R
dom suprvsr Prudential Ins Co of America to 3 Belsize dr HY 6660 —
Camille elk Genl Accident Fire & Life Assce h 306, 50 Gloucester RA
7391 — 'Donald miner Normeta.1 Quebec h 485 A Parkside dr KE
0580 — Edwd r 14 Greyton cres (Frbk) KE 2317 (active ser) — Frank
emp Telegram r 29 MacGregor av LY 6845 — Jas jan Davidson Apts
to B, 188 Dowling avenue — Jas brkmn CPR to 164 Gilmour av LY
4542 — John h 14 Greyton cres (Frbk) KE 2.317 — John agt London
Life ,r 592 Markham — John sht mtl wkr Hubbard Portable Oven to
185 Coxwell av — Lovva B stenog Prudential Insurance Co of
America r 3 Belsize dr HY 6660 — Margt M nurse r 473 St 'Clarens
,av LO 4750 — Mary tchr St Brigids Schl h 306, 50 Gloucester .RA
7391 — Patk J chef White Square Lunch r 41 Pembroke TR 1686 —
Thelma bindery girl Business Systems r 14 Greyton cres (Frbk) KE
2317 — Thos R with Bell Tel r 48 Playter blvd GL 3678 • — Vera Mrs
to 49 Bleecker — Vera T emp Eatons r 49 Bleecker Trchaia John
(Victoria Meat Market) to 404 Queen w WA 8101 Trctoin Mary r 33
Royce av Treacher Fredk elect h 48 Cornwall EL 5742 — Lloyd app
Bepco 'Can r 48 Cornwall EL 5742 — Sidney h 19 Widmer — Violet E
winder J Simpson r 48 Cornwall EL 5742 Treacy Ethel .1 tchr r 64
Main (Mim) ph N T 53 0M TREACY JAMES P RIGHT REV
MONSEIGNEUR, D.D., Dean West Toronto and pastor St Cecilia’s
(Roman Catholic) Church, h 161 Annette, Phone Junction -8163 —
Lionel W brkmn CNR to 64 Main (Mim) ph N T 530M — Louisa slsldy
John Northway r 64 Main (Mim) ph N T 530M • — Marion tchr St
Pauls Schl for Boys Inc ir 59 Lytton blvd MO 3748 — 'Vera M r 64
Main (Mim) ph N T 530M — Vivian E nurse Women’s College Hosp r
64 Main (Mim) ph N T 530M — W-m C mgr John Northway & Son
Ltd h 59 Lytton blvd MO 3748 Tread-away Geo R ohauf Dept of
Highways h 101 Woodbine av ;HO 4040 Treadigold Donald M r 13
Woodlawn ay e KI 8359 — Jean E shaker Puritan Lndry r 171 Be-ch
av GR *0382 — John N trkr -CPR Frt to 171 Beech ay GR 0382 —
Kathleen fo.re.ldy Manning Biscuit r 1, 636 Danforth av — Margery F
slsclk Simpsons r 13 Woodlawn av e — Wm M Prof U of T h 13
Woodlawn av e KI 8359 Treadgold Wm M H h 1, 636 Danforth av
Treadway Edgar candymkr Willards h 1133 Woodbine av (E Y) —
Geo S agt Emp Liability h 183 Glebemount av (E Y) GR 0966
Treadwell Annie (wid John) r 77 TwentySixth (Long B) ph N T 10'9'SJ
— Bernard R h 60 Westmoreland -av (active service) — Colin I
dentist 1, 1008 Pape av (E Y) to 2, 1008 same GL 2880 — Gerald
prntr ir 97 Granby EL 407,5 —Gladys B r 126 Farniham av MI 5924
— Gordon r 750 Bathurst LO 4418 — Harry W countermn Natl
Automotive Parts r 125 Boultbee ,av HA 7141 — Harry W with Can
Packers to 748 Bathurst LO 4418 — Lillian Mrs clmr Can Perm Mort r
60 Westmoreland *av — (Norman r 97 Granby EL 4075 — Robt J
box -nikr Colie, tt-Sproule to 116 Empress cres LO 0-212 — Thos S'
h 323 Seaton — Wm drvr Lake Simcoe Ice h 6 Mechanics avenue —
Wm messr Home Aide Baketeria r 60 Westmoreland av Treanor
Frank bus dept Telegram r 29 McGregor av — Margt H typist
Western Assce r 22 Sussex ay KI 7 315 Treaowden -Gabriel 1-ab -h
15 Metcalfe. Treasure Edwd J prntrs ctr E S & A Robinson to 119
Latimer av MO 934.5 — Edwd W mach Natl Steel Car h 8 Fairbank av
(-Frbk) —Ernest L *aud Shell Oil Co to 1152 Ossington av ME -8-356
— Hunt Barter Shop (Mrs Anna Sharpe) 1835 Yonge MA 5979 —
Linen Shop, The (Josephine Abraham and Mrs Jane Aziz) linens and
lingerie 19y2 Bloor w RA 2743 — Nook, The (Edwin M Henderson)
584 St Clair av w LL 6874 — Seward G e-ngnr G.as Co h 416
Kingston rd GR 5054 — Trove (John F Clark, Mrs H B Duncan Clark)
furn dlrs, antiques 2247 Yonge HU 6034 — Walter E s'hpr Imp Oil fa
160 Westwood av (E Y) HA 6084 — Wm bldg supt Can Perm
Mortgage h 416 Kingston rd GR 5054 Treasurer Dorothy E emp
Simpsons r 82 Wellesley RA 5748 — Jas W cretkr Whites Hardware
fa 82 Wellesley RA 5748 Treaty Petroleum Ltd oil production 621, 67
Yonge WA 1434 Trebble Arthur R meeto Bay-Front Garage h 626
Rhodes *av Trebbne Agnes T r 48 Hazelwood av HA 8826 — Alma
iwtrs Palais D’Or Grille r 89% Brooklyn av — Frank emp Candn Name
Plate Factory r 48 Hazelwood1 ay HA 882-6 — Harold emp Olympia
Bowling Alley ir 4,8 Hazelwood1 av HA 8826 — (Max emp CNR h 48
Hazelwood av HA 8826 — Walter assembly wrk Independent Elect r
48 Hazelwood av HA 8826 ♦Trebell, see also Treble — Alice emp
Style Leather Goods Co r 5 Westbrook -av (E Y) — E Mrs h 586
Ossington av IvE 8908 — -Gwen (wid Fred) h 55 High Park av LY
0175 — Herbt h 49 -Lanark av (Frbk) ME 8709 (active ser) — Jas V
slsmn Mutual -Life h 180 Geoffrey LO 4516 — John night attdt La
Salle Garage to 148 Sorauren av — Joton W r 75 Runnymede rd
(Swan) LY 6954 Trebilcock Albt E r 200 Glenview av HU 0008 —
Arthur J exec -mgr Tor Stock Exoh h 9 Ormsby cres (Fst H) HY 9116
— Frank 'C surg and oculist 800-3, 170 St George KI 2525 -h 102
Kilbarry rd (Fst H) HY 1936 — Fredk C -mgr Uptown Theatre r 25
Roxbo,rough w — Margt (wid Fredk) to 233 Glenrose av HY 4345 —
Margt A (wid' John) to 84 High Park av JU 758-0 — Wm N acet West
Disinfecting r 309 Indian rd ♦Treble, see also Trebell — -Chas car-p
to 5-72 Jones av — -Chas rbr wkr Goodyear Tire to 53 Muirrie (Mim)
— Dorothy E ih 703, 89 Bread-albane RA 6457 — Fred E brass wkr
Anaconda Amer Brass h 1*5 Twenty-Fourth (Long B) pto N T 689W
— Geo E slsmn Hastings Dairy to 228 Earlscourt -av (Erls) — John F
meter irdr New Tor Pub Utilities Commn h 33 Third (New T ph 1194)
—Kate (wid Chas) to 143 Sixth (New T) — Laura L 'bkpr Charlotte
Wood r 21 Westoverfaill rd- (Cedarvale) — L"on V art suprvsr
Brigdens h 32 Dingwall av HA 2906 ■ — Lily M rbr wkr Goodyear
Tire ir 143 Sixth (New T) — Ruby stenog Acctg Dept CNR r .29
Delaware av — Wm C cretkr Seventh St Schl to 140 Seventh (New
T) TRE TREGASKIS Trebley Oh-as J piano mkr to 84 Eaton av —
Donald J elk Gas Co r 84 Eaton ,av —Ernest J opr Lever Bros h 152
Victor av GL 2615 — Kenneth W -G elk -Candn Underwriters Assn r
27, 23-27 Queen e HO 6232 — Leslie R ctr Telfer Paper Box to 142
Carla w av — Mae slsldy Woolworths ,r 84 Eaton av — Winnifred
bkpr IOF to 2,7, 2-327 Queen e HO 6232 Trecartln David cretkr
Hampton Court Apts to 24, 176 Hampton av GE 3715 — Ruth stenog
-OGE :r 1, 137 Dowling -av LO 4535 — Wm H opr Graham Nail &
Wire -Products to 1, 137 Dowling av LO 4535 Treciokas Tony carp C
A Smith Woodworking Co r 212 Crawford Treck Leo tlr h 151 Grange
av Trecko Andrew emp Toronto Radio r 243 Jarvis MI 6087 Tredger
Doris -mach John Inglis Co r 336 Gladstone av LL 61-75 —Harold J
slsmn H W Petrie Ltd fa 336 Gladstone -av LL 6175 — Ida F sec CGE
fa 253 Be.resford av -LY 4512 — Robt J opr Neptune Meters r 336
Gladstone av Tredget Alfred E elect Anaconda Amer Brass fa 14 Hay
av (Mim) — -Lionel H mach Anaconda Amer Brass fa 93 'Fourth
(New T ph 1467J) Tredgett Frank -mach Fairbank -Lumber -Co h 23
B-alliol HY 1517 — Frank R lab Tor Cadmium Plating fa B, 1318 Bloor
w — Jo-hn lab Tor Cadmium Plating h 214 Indian ,rd cres LY 030-3
—Ralph M hlpr Fairbank Lumber Co r 2-3 Balliol HY 1517 Tredway
'Constance stenog Fetterly Adjustment Service ,r 168 Bastedo av GR
8380 — Ethel H M elk Eatons r 168 Bastedo av GR 8380 — Harry trk
drvr Tippet Richardson r 675 Mortimer av (E Y) — Mary F S bkpr,
stenog -Candn Patent Leather res Highland Creek — Wm G sec-treas
Howell Warehouses Ltd res Highland -Creek T-redwell Eric tchr Brock
Av Schl fa 2, 128 Spadin-a rd KI 4210 Tree Constance M (wid Geo) r
100 Queensdale -av (E Y) — Geo opr Blachford Shoe Mfg ,r 100
Queensdale av (E Y) — Geo W -assmblr Lang B'ros Specialty h 74
Beachview cres HO 4114 — Henry M with Bell Tel to 235
Windermere av (Swan) LY 4'067 — Line Navigation Co Ltd (Local
Freight Office and Traffic Dept) O F Edwards genl frt agt, G S Morris
local frt agt ,s s Queen's Quay w EL 7268 —Margt elk Norwich Union
Fire Ins r 865 Davenport rd LA 3630 — Wm G elk Can Life to 94
Maplewood av (Wych) KE 9586 Treear Martin ir 109 Nassau WA
6549 Tre-eby Harold to 4-6 Eglinton av e HY 7960 Treemer Fred -r
45 Grosvenor KI 4612 T.reen Muriel -appr Mary Beaton r 3 Dllworth -
cres (E Y) Trees Aleck G dir Sami Trees & Co to 55 ■Chestnut Park rd
RA 3439 - -Charlotte E sec of -the Bd Church of England Deaconess
& Miss Training House to 399 Sherbourne RA 1414 — Eliztto r 9
Meredith cres RA 254.2 —Ethel h 399 Sherbourne RA 1414 —
Frances r -9 Meredith cres RA 2542 — Jas D pres Sami Trees & -Co
Ltd h 9 Meredith cres RA 2542 — -Sami & 'Co Ltd James D Trees
pres, .leather goods mfr (whol) 42 Wellington e AD 3168,
automotive dept 69 Bathurst AD 7354-5 Trefelt Jos opr Girls Coats
Ltd r 24 Sullivan AD 2-870 Treffry Marianna H to 46 Wanless cres
(Nth Y) HU 3908 Trefler Israel tlr Tip Top Tlrs fa 447 Euclid av MI 50-
85 — Jos (Rine -Cloak -Co) to 46 Major KI 7034 —Max sec-treas
Style Shoes -Ltd to 655 Shaw LO 525-8 Tregale John acet exec All-
Canada Radio Facilities Ltd fa 201, 110 Tyndall av ■LA 0505 Tregar
Bertha elk M Feld r 109 D’Arcy WA 4933 Treg-arthen Arthur S stmftr
h 245 Wyehwood av (Wych) Tregaskes Ethel (wid Ernest) to 131
Marion LA 1787 — Barry A instrumentmn Dept of Highways r 131
Marion LA 1787 —Norman E instrumentmn DSpt of Highways r 131
Marion LA 1787 — Stuart audit elk Robertson. Robinson, McCa-nnell
& Dick r 131 Marion LA 1787 Tregaskis Edwd emp CNR to 1744-46
Dundas w — Ella (wid John) to 404, 14 Tichester rd (Wych)
Alphabetical, White Page 1433
 TRE TREGEAR “WHERE SHALL I BUY-”? Refer to the Yellow
Classified Business Lists in the CITY DIRECTORY. Good times or bad
they are always complete. They don’t depend on Paid Subscriptions
for Accuracy. FIRMS WHO REALLY WANT YOUR BUSINESS ARE
LISTED IN HEAVY BLACK TYPE. PATRONIZE THEM. Tregear H Foster
drvr Miner Rubber li 576 Jane (H Crest) — Jisah r 1 Fermanagh av
(active ser) Tregellas Thos H meoh to 910 Broadview av GE 1057
Tregenza John to 25 Hazelwood av — John fl wrehsemn Terminal
Warehouse r 25 Hazelwood av — Roy H app pattern mkr Stand
Handle & Pattern .r 150 Stouter EL 9061 — Walter S mach Louis
Bredannaz & Son to 150 Shuter EL 9061 Treger Michl wtchmn York
Wrecking Co to 2 Blackthorn av JU 5345 Iregoning Eric A grain elk
Candn Wheat Board to A 1, 56 Maitland KI 2839 Treguto John (The
Golden Cleaners & Pressers) to 2,12 Augusta av WA 6526 — Sandra
opr L Korn & Son r 212 Augusta av WA 6526 — Yyta opr L Korn &
Son r 212 Augusta av WA 6526 Treguin Alfred E it 99 Jameson av LA
6084 (active ser) Tregwyn Wm shpr Bennett & Wright Ltd h 18
Dalhousie Trehame Gordon mach to 16 Ramsden rd (Frbk) ■ —
Lawrence asst cretkr North Tor Coll Inst to 87 Greenwood av HA
0674 —Sami T clnr CPR Stn to 532- Laudex av (Frbk) — Wm D
messr Grand & Toy r '532 Lauder av ('Frbk) Tretoerne Geo E maint
dept Viceroy Mnfg h 208 Medland JU 0587 Trela Mary r 742
Richmond w — Midhl woodwkr American Frame & Woodworking to
350 Shaw — Mike r 66 Wolseley — Stanley (Stan’s Welding) to 1287
Dufferin LL 5902 — Stanley wdwkr American Frame & Woodworking
r 350 Shaw — Victoria Mrs h 742 Richmond w Trelawney Apts 449
Crawford Trelco Ltd Wm L McFarland pres, Joseph W Mowder vice-
pres and mgr. Clarence A Jolly vice-pres and factory mgr, Mrs
Josephine S Woon sec-tiyeas, paints and varnishes 518 Yonge KI
6125, factory 6 Alcina av LA 9211 Treleaven Adda sec-treas French
Ivory Products Ltd to 61, 59 Spencer av 'LL 7677 — Alfred r 111
Rochester av (Nth Y) MO 1979 — Alfred F lab to 203 Dalhousie —
Beth to 46 River — € W asst mgr Eatons to 139 Walmer rd KI 9743
— Conrad slsmn t 220 Symington av LL 3531 — Daisy E opr Candn
Felt Hat r 141 Rochester av (Nth Y) MO 1979 —Donald E r 306
Wright av LA 2317 — Donna L Mrs slsclk Eatons r 228 Woodbine av
HO 5361 — Earl F plshr Sully Brass Foundry to 56 Delaware av ME
8972 — Earl .1 plmhr Belyea Bros to 786 Palmerston av LA 1012 —
Edwd C prsmn Star r 1014 Ossington av LO 6038 — Emma book repr
Pub Lib .r 106 Beverley —Ernest elect to 98 Langley av — Fredk G
prsmn Globe & Mail to 1014 Ossington av LO 6038 — Harold
(Peggy's Smoke Shop) to 45 Hillsdale av w HY 3189 —Hattie E (wid
W W) to 306 Wright av LA 2317 — Herbt M drftsmn Trane Co to 3,
21 Glenfern av HO 6632 —Irene Mrs h 54 Mount Royal av KE 8335
— John T chauf to 141 Rochester av (Nth Y) MO 1979 • — Jos S elk
Can Life h 200 Rumsey rd (Leas) MO 9913 — Mary J (wid John) r
203 Dalhousie — Morley M elk Dept of Highways h 58 Winchester —
Norman J elk CGE to 442 Hillsdale av e HY 6769 — Rictod A estates
mgr Canada Trust Co h 45 Braemar av HY 9052 — Rictod D porter
Simpsons to 228 Woodbine av HO 5361 — Ruth G bkpr Simpsons r
442 Hillsdale av e HY 6769 — Thos J investigator Peoples Credit
Jewellers h 60 Roseneath gdns (Oak) KE 0957 - — Wm A pharmacist
Wm M Parish h 10 Wilfrid av MO 0826 — Wm G r 1014 Ossington av
LO 6038 — Wilma E cash Crown Life Ins r 1288 King w Trelford
Clarence H bldr K 40 Old Bridle Path HY 2515 —Davis macto John
Garde & Co to 21 Connor av (E Y) GE 6807 — Eleanor (wid Homer)
to 452 Willard av JU 8865 — Elizth (wid Jos) r 49 Glenayr rd (Fst H)
MO 0688 — Evelyn M elk r 21 Connor av (E Y) GE 6807 Trelford F J
to 1, 2 Bernard av (active ser) — -dfrank B asst sales mgr Dom
Paper Box to 194 Glen Cedar rd (Cedarvale) MO 1371 • — G
Kenneth slsmn r 14 Humewood dr (Wych) LA 8801 — John E to 14
Humewood dr (Wych) LA 8801 — John E A dentist 907-908, 170 St
George MI 1221 to 371 Glenview av HY 961,5 — Kenneth slsmn
Manton Bros Ltd r 14 Humewood dr (Wych) — Laura A elk E & S
Currie r 21 Connor av (E Y) GE 6807 — Roy W trav James Lumbers
to 207 Sunnyside av LL 6457 — Thos mech Packard-Ont Motors res
West Hill — Wm G Lieut-Col h 93 Chaplin cres HY 1811 (active ser)
Treliving Chas clnr Gas Co 111 239 Oak Pk av (E Y) — Jas T jan
Colgate-Palmolive-Peet h 72 Prust av • — Jas T stfcpr Colgate-
Palmolive-Peet to 3 Richard av HA 9362 Trella J emp Ontario Lndry r
66 Wolsley Treloar A Roy asst mgr Transportation Dept Candn Mnfrs
Assn to 77 Cranbrooke av HU 9382 — Alex mldr T Tomlinson
Foundry h 2, 251 Dundas e — Alice E Mrs acct F Simpson & Sons r
510 Carlaw av HA 9116 — Annie h 197 Riverside >av HA 8715 —
Christanna (wid Wm) to 312 Margueretta ME 0849 — Douglas elk
Crown Life Ins to 1, 101 Roslin av HY 7202, — Earle emp Crane
Plumbing r 16 Tiverton av GL 1376 — E'lizth to 197 Riverdale av HA
8715 — Elma Mrs h 104, 2405 Queen e GR 6854 — Everett r 104
Lansdowne av ME 8786 — Fredk G mgr Richmond Agencies Ltd to
337 ,St Clarens av LO 7025 — Geo E pres & mgr T Tomlinson
Foundry Co Ltd to 14 St Andrews gdns KI 7605 - — Harry A
customers man A M Kidder & Co to 8, 845 Bayview av (Leas) MA
1786 — Henry h 4 Langemarck av ME 7532 (active ser) — Jas B
engnr r 104 Lansdowne av ME 8786 — Jas C F mfrs agt to 104
Lansdowne av ME 8786 — Jane r 312 Margueretta ME 0849 ■ —
John E sis elk Service Station Equip r 109 Winchester MI 6204 —
John H drvr B A Oil r 148 Courcelette rd (Scar) HO 3560 — John R r
31 Copeland av GR 8460 (active ser) —John W emp Corrugated
Paper Box Co Ltd h 31 Copeland av GR 8460 — -Lena M tetor
Birrhcliff Sehl r 165 St ■Clair av w — Melinda K (wid John) h 109
Winchester MI 6204 - — Miriam trav Dorothy Joyce Beauty Salon r
152 Bloor w — Natalie stenog Retail Credit r 104, 2405 Queen e GR
6854 — Rictod M mining engnr Mining Research h 2, 72 Balmoral av
KI 4587 - — Roily shpr Corrugated Paper Box r 31 Copeland — iSaml
mach Dept of Works h 16 Tiverton av Treloggen Thos keybrd opr
Cornish & Wlmpenny r 29 Dundonald Tremain Grace (wid Henry) h
3, 20 St Joseph KI 4559 Tremaine Bertha (wid Alfred) to 9,6 Galt av
HA 0016 — Freda stenog Macdonald & Macintosh ,r 2:0 Gloucester
gr (Cedarvale) —John R fi 1016 Danforth av — Margt Mrs mgrs
Hunts Ltd (2058 Danforth av) r 1016 Danforth av • — Manford J drvr
Roy Fuels to 87 Eileen av (La M) — Marie librarian Pub Lib to 3. 6
Spadina road — Sam) B supt h 101, 18 Wellesley MI 2893 — Wm J h
20 'Gloucester gr (Cedarvale) LL 0848 Tremayne John E civ engnr
Brunner Mond Can h 82, Walker av Trembetzky Abraham pdlr to 56
HenTy MI 8229 Tremblay Alphonse r 153 Glebemount av (E Y) —
Alphonse J trucks Browns Bread Si 153 Glebemount av (E Y) ■ —
Annie r 77 Eileen av (La M) — David' F to 141 Gowan av (E Y) ■ —
Felix wtchmkr Rolex Watch r 495 Saekvll'le MI 2732 — Herbt r 163
Winchester MI 0003 — John to 60 Fourteenth (New T) — L Maurice
statistician Dept of Mines (Ont) to 29 Beech av HO 7424 — Robt
auto mecto r 495 Sackville MI 2732 — V Morrison slsmn Anderson
McLaugtilinBuick Pontiac to A, 132A Avenue rd KI 7020 Tremblay
Wilfred J shoe repr 799 Lake Shore rd (New T) h 137 Fifth (New T)
♦Tremble, see also Trimble and Trumhell — Annie Mrs h 244
(Sumach —Blanche elk Bell Tel ,h 47 Huntley MI 6780 - — Edwd r
190 Stoerbourne TR 1588 — Fred S (Brockton Hotel) to 312 Douglas
dr RA 3077 — Homer slsmn h 17 Linden KI 6402 • — Margt L h 47
Huntley MI 6780 — Matilda Mrs r 218 Mortimer av (E Y) GE 3207 —
Pliylis ,r 24 Suffolk MI 4914 ■ — Robt oik to 55 Marlborough av —
Rose Mrs ,r 24 Suffolk MI 4914 Tremblett Alfred mech h 2,19 Hallam
— Ethel oik Centra Scientific Co r 12 Bushey av (Mt D) — Frank h 61
Seventh (New T) (active ser) - — Jas F h 40 Brock av LA 9649
(active 6er) — John r 178 Brock av — Leonard h 525 Ossington av
(active ser) — Regd (Lauder Beauty Saon) h 21, 145 Arlington av
(Wych) — Sami J h 178 Brock av —Sami J opr TTC to 113 Rowntree
av JU 3337 — Wm lab Rowntree 'Co r 178 Brock av Trembley John
cotton spinner Jos Simpson h 64 West av — Stuart elev opr Gelber
Investments r 17 Foxley Tremco Mfg Co (Canada) Ltd The John A
Wilson mgr paints & varnishes n s Wickstead rd (Leas) MO 3555-6
Tremeer Bruce mus r 24 Balumto KI 9262 — Chas B tool mkr Anchor
Cap h 1006 St St Clarens av ME 5621 — Edna h 22,5 Garden av LA
1971 — Fred A elk Dept of Highways r 45 iGrosvenor — Herbt W
trav A A Allan & Co h 199 Wineva av HO 8289 —Percy J plshr ih 114
Margueretta LL 6436 Tremlett Edwd wtchmn A B & I Wks h 121
Ewart av (Silv Trempe Arthur L sht mtl wkr h 28 Brookmount rd HO
9128 ■ — Chas M plmtor Art Davis r 218 Scarborough rd HO 1623 —
Fredk dec h 684 Pape av GL 4112 - — Geo E delivery Stanley’s High
Class Meat Market ir 28 Brookmount rd HO 912,8 — Geo F asmblr L
C Smith h 86 Boultbee av —Jas R app Starr 82 Torrens av (E Y) —
Jas R prntr ‘Daily Star h 1026 Logan av GE 2305 — Jean r 28
Brookmount rd HO 9128 — John E supt L C Smith to 50 Scarborough
Beach blvd GR 0852 — John W buffer Ind Plating r 50 Scarborough
Beach blvd GR 0852 — Katherine (wid Geo) h 100 Parliament EL
7892 - — Leo J factory elk L C Smith r 100 Parliament EL 7892 —
Lillian M emp Dom Regalia r 28 Brookmount rd HO 9128 — Mable J
emp Dom Regalia r 28 Brookmount rd HO 9128 — Madeline opr
Dom Regalia r 27 Brookmount rd HO 9128 — Mary 'C emp Winston’s
Electr r 50 Scarborough Beach blvd 'GR 0852 — Wm sht mtl wkr
Massey-Harrls ih 664 Woodbine av Trenbeth Geo trav iSimmons Ltd
h 314 Richview av (Fst H) HY 5782 Trenby Harry elk Water Wks City
Hall r 125 Isabella KI 6598 Trench Margt J elk Crown Life Ins res
Richmond Hill — S Eva Mrs tchr Bala Av Ppb Sch’l h 191 Medland JU
12,02 — i W G Bruce r 191 Medland JU 1202 Trench’s Remedies Ltd
A H Duke mgr medical supplies 203, 26 Queen e EL 2872 Trenctoard
Florence wrapper H B Balmer r 22,0 Earlscourt av (Erls) , — Frank G
trk drvr Modern Furnace Co r 120 Bristol av KE 4846 —Fredk GG
carp h 70 Robina av (Oak) LO 3510 — Howard J carp Patons &
Baldwins ih 421 Bartlett av LO 0972 — Norman G with Tor Hydro to
51 Banff rd —Violet maid Hotel Wayerly r same RA 2141 Trenda Danl
lab Can S S Lines h 16 Wolseley Trendafiloff Tanas h 114 Sydenham
Trendoff John wtr h 3'5 Bright Trenear Alfred J r 33 Sutherland dr
(Leas) MA 3781 — Queenie elk Norwich Union Fire Ins to 33
Sutherland' dr (Leas) MA 3781 ■ — Rictod J r 38 Sutherland dr
(Leas) MA 3781 Treneer Fredk W C mus Horace Lapp h 76 . Gatwick
av (E Y) HO 3852 Trentiam Dorothy x 602 Delaware av LO 0529 —
Percy millwright Massey-Harris h 602 Delaware av LO 0529 Trenholm
Gordon K engnr Toronto Iron Works Ltd h 3, 823 Millwood rd (Leas)
—John A to 82B Power — Lee with Underwood Elliott Fisher to 416.
64 St Clair av vv MA 4316 —Vera nurse r 50 Walker av KI 9421
Trenka Carl to 108 Baldwin WA 0578 — Chas tnsmth Macey Neon
Displays r 108 Baldwin av WA 0578 Trenmer Rictod M erector
Metallic Roofing h 187 Oak —Walter CGE r 281 Waverley rd HO 5898
Trenoutto Annie r 7, 671 Danforth av — Edwd macto ih 7, 671
Danforth av — H A slsmn Candn Oil r 125 Jameson av —Jean S
stenog Prov Savings (Head Off) r 295 Glen rd MI 9921 — Roland J
supt Can Life to 24 Edmund av MI 2888 — Ross slmn Candn Oil r
125 Jameson av KE ,2994 — W Alex drvr Imp Tobacco r 7, 671
Danforth av Trenshard Russell jan Manning Depot Exhibition Pk r 220
Earlscourt av (Erls) Trent E Elliot chartered life underwriters 400, 59
Yonge AD 6331 to 97 Highbourne rd HY 9550 — Ellis engnr r 154
Crawford — Ernest W h 78 Warren rd MI 2762 — Gordon pres & mgr
Gordon Trent & Co Ltd h 288 Forest Hill rd (Fst H) HYr 1224 —
Gordon & Co Ltd Gorden Trent pres & mgr, Rocklin Morey supt
equipment engnrs 1140 Yonge KI 8636 — Harold trk drvr Weaver
Cartage to 70 Rockwell av —Henry E to 274 St George KI 832,5 —
Leigh trk drvr Weavers Cartage r 70 Rockwell av — Marjorie pekr
Everett & Barron of Can Ltd r 70 Rockwell av — Peter E elk Inti
Nickel r 135 Imperial HY 2044 — Seymour W (Hambly Peaker &
Trent) to 135 Imperial HY 2044 — Wm E oil slsmn Motorway Oils to
164 Chiltern Hill rd (Cedarvale) HY 0129 Trentadue Jos (Joe’s Barber
Stoop) r 396 Delaware av Trenton Grill (John L & Naoum L Trenton)
2572 Yonge MO 5157 —John L (Trenton Grill) h 2572 Yonge MO
5157 —Naoum L (Trenton Grill) to 2572 Yonge MO 5157 Trenwith
Dorothy E stenog Candn Auto , Service Assn r 31, 134 Carlton —
Elizabeth (wid Fred) Ih 41 Northcote av LA 4813 — Sarato asst
mngrs Eatons to 41 Norttocote av LA 4813 Tresidder Dorothy K tetor
Gledhill Schl r 28 Dewhurst blvd HA 5392 - — Frances ir 405, 1510
Bathurst (Wycto) LA 6420 — Harry (Tressider Press) to 708
Woodbine av GR 7188 —Herbert D Tor rep Mundy-Goodfellow
Printing Co Ltd to 28 Dewhurst blvd HA 5392 — Jack M to 78
Hubbard blvd HO 1652 — Jessie A r 28 Dewhurst blvd HA 5392 —
Marion nurse VON h 405, 15 1 0 Bathurst (Wych) LA 6420 — Press
(Harry V Tresidder) prntrs 2nd fl, 53 Richmond e EL 9703 — Rachel
L (wid Chas) to '230 Sackville Tresitter M Miss to 196A Geoffrey
Tresko Frank tlr 'Gaboon's r 363 Indian gr JU 8153 — Sylvia A compt
opr Simpsons r 363 Indian gr JU 8153 Tresnack Jos to 65 'Chambers
av — Phyllis sewer Langleys r 65 Chambers av — R iab Eastern
Power Devices r 6.5 Chambers av Tress Chas F credit mgr Barber-
Ellls h 400 Runnymede rd LA 3437 —Geo P porter PO h 138 Silver
Birch av GR 2813 —Robt G slsmn Acton Press to 22 Woodside av LY
2734 — & Co Ltd Straohan’s ,agts 408, 64 Wellington av EL 3061
Tress aim Margt F stenog Conf Life Ins r 4 Selwood av HO 4834
Tressan Henrietta Mrs r 622 Greenwood av HA 0279 Tressider Rpg C
h 39 Harlton cres (Silv) (active ser) Tresticlc Jos lab .r 627 Richmond
w Trestrail Burdick A vice-pres in charge of sis & advtg Rogers-
Majestic Corp Ltd li 2 Garfield rd HY 1901 — Corp Ltd John
Robertson br mgr service stn 421-427 Fleet w TR 0382 — Fredk A
adv mgr Rogers-Majestic h 63 High Park blvd LO 3214 Trelheway
Fredk O ih 58 Orley av (E Y) — Elizth (wid Ernest) r 61 Orchard iPk
blvd HO 32.09 — Jean r 5 Glebe rd e HY 1309 — John O tire bldr
Goodyear Tire r 1497 King w LA 9623 —1434—
 Security AffiMlMP The Canada Permanent Trust Company
Financiai nm VnRnUiActs as Executor, Trustee, Administrator,
Liquidator, Etc. ^>unse|Wpir 320 BAY STREET Phene Elgin 4461 TRI
TRIMMINGS Tretheway Lottie (wid Wm J) h 5 Glebe rd E HY 1309 —
M Ramona stenog Tor Genl Trusts r 125 Manor rd1 e HU 0546 —
iMary M (wid Thos C) h 125 'Manor rd e :HU 0516 —Roy E mach r
83 Moberley ay GR 2987 — Walter J mess-r Imp Bank (Toronto Br)
fa 61 Orchard Park blvd HO 3209 — Wm H assoc prof Victoria Coll ti
318 Heath e MA 4873 Treuer Matthew billiard marker King Edward
Billiard Parlor fa 92 Jones av Treuhaft Manufacturing Co Ltd John A
Wilson mgr plastics and waterproofing paints n s Wickstead rd
(Leas) MO 3555-6 Treusdale. Regd shpr Singer Sewing Mach r 44 St
Hubert Trevaille-Williams Hypatia I statistician 'Candn Red Cross -Soc
h 253 Delaware av LO 8225 — Thos slsmn -r 253 Delaware av LO
8225 Trevarthen Bessie (wid Jas) r 383 Davisville av HY 9620 —
Caroline h 510 Runnymede ird T-reveil Hilda ti 262 Rusholme Td LO
5775 Trevelyan Chas L (Trevelyan Mfg Co) h 77 Humberview rd (H
Crest) LY 5396 — Edmund H opr TTC 'll 143 Tyrell av LL 5625 —
Edwd milk drvr Pine Hill Dairy r 552 Dupont — Edwin H shpr
Superior Sash h 442 Cranbrooke av (Ntih Y) MO 6597 — Geo E mgr
Trevelyan Mfg Co h 3, 37-39 Rose av ORA 4277 — Harry block ctr
Stauntons fa 30 Hatherley rd (Frbk) — L Maurice drugs iSimpsons h
3, 347 ■Northcliffe Blvd (Oak) ME 8874 — iMfg Co (Ohas L
Trevelyan) leather gds 2nd fl, 25 Emily EL 3313 — R J labty asst Ont
Research Foundation r 143 Tyrrel av — Sami elect 406 Winona dr
(Oak) h same ME 8285 — Thos off elk Hunts ;r 552 Dupont LA 3254
— Thos T J ohauf h 552 Dupont LA 3254 Trevetihan Alex F route
slsmn -Caulfields Dairy r 30 Dillon av (H Bay) —Philip route sprvsr
Caulfields Dairy h 44 Twenty Third (Long B') Trevett Chas sprvsr
Christie St Hosp h 233 Ashworth av LA -8330 — Wm E typographer
Cooper & Beatty fa 32 Willcocks KI 4756 Trevitt Constance A bindery
wkr Grand & Toy r 115 Riverdale av HA 6905 Trevone Apts 50
Gloucester Trevor Clifford mgr Flash -A-iGraph Controls Co Ltd r 63A
Spencer av LA 4890 — Eleanor G Mrs sol Star fa 16, 21 Avenue road
— Francis emp Taylor Engineering r 566 McRoberts (Frbk) —Jack lab
r 524 Front w —John cook CPR fa 290 Greenwood av —Kay artist
Henry Davis & Co ir 45 Bernard av MI 7632 — Leslie J artist Rous &
Mann r 45 Bernard av MI 7632 — Margt E drsmkr h 705 Dupont —
Patricia hsekpr r 111 Corbett av (Rnnv) JU 5170 — Robina Mrs h 45
Bernard av MI 7632 — Roland r 45 Bernard av MI 7632 Trevorrow
Grace (wid John) fa 333 Riverdale av HA 0547 — Horace drvr
Loblaws r 333 Riverdale av HA 0547 — J Vincent (T & P Food
Market) h 120 Coleman av Trevons Chester N lab fall Mack av (Scar)
— Marjorie r 486 Jarvis MI 1585 — Weldon r 11 Mack av (Scar) Trew
Albert emp Canada Packers h 72 Northland av (Mt D) — IGeo milk
slsmn IDonlands Dairy r 232 Davenport rd KI 8120 — Gladys mach
wrapper Wonder Bakeries r 13 Moreland av (Rnny) LY 5043 —
(Harry lab Canada Packers fa 13 Morland road (Rnny) LY 5643 —
‘Vida winder IDom Knitting Mills r 13 Morland rd (Rnny) LY 504'3 — J
Walter carp fa 156 Collier KI 43'7'5 Trewartha Robt carp CPR fa
5(916 Willard avenue (Rnny) — iWilfaeimine E stenog Eatons r '30A
Lansdowne av Treweek Cecil R Gapt shipmaster Imp Oil fa 129
Braemar av HiU OS 25 — Edna M r 129 (Braemar av HU 0825
Trewhella Miriam opr Derrett Ltd r 120 High Park av JH 8781 Trewin
Anna Mrs fa 1'7‘SA Albany av LA 9962 — JCarol fakpr Yonge-Eglinton
Motors res Newtonibrook — Corinne stenog Ont Dept of Labor fa 69
Harvard av LA 0675 —Doris E ticket elk TTC r T78A Albany avenue
LA 9662 — 'Edna E bkpr Bell Tel r 999 Bathurst LA 3981 Trewin
Frank H h 91 Bertmount av — (Frank R slsmn Gordon, Mackay & Co
h i91'0 Manning av LO 2418 ■ — 'Geo H r 6'9 Harvard av LA 0675 —
Georgina (wid ’Wm) r 77 Westmount av LL 20H0 — IH Geo slsmn
(Mitchell Men's Wear r 999 Bathurst LA 3981 —Jessie G elk (Bell Tel r
9196 Bathurst LA 3931 — Jos H acct fa 31 -Smithfleld av (H Bay) LY
376,0 —Lily (wid Albert) r 67 Brownlow av M'O 782(2 — Marcus elk
Crane Ltd r 31 Smithfleld dr (H Bay) LY 3760 — (M'argt A r 91
'Bertmount av — Melvin |C comptroller King Edwa'rd Hotel Ji 34
(Spruce Hill av HO 4464 — -Merton M li 1-OS, 22 Tidhester rd
(Wycii) — (Norman T auditor Eatons res Newtonbrook — Robt (F
tefar Malvern 'Collegiate fa 212 Strathmore (blvd (HA 3796 — Ruth E
elk TTC r 178A Albany av LA 99 62 — Verna r (6'9 Harvard av LA
0(6-75 — (Wallace H r 21 (Smithfleld dr (H (Bay) LY 3760 (active
service) Triance IRichd (W li 292 Vaughan rd (Wycfa) KE 5-55(2
(active service) — IRichd W lab (Gas Co h 4 Onslow cres (Fairbank)
KE 499(5 Triangle -Hat & Cap Co (Kopple Utkewltz) 6th flr, 108
Wellington w EL 3936 — -Press The ((Kenneth B Simmons) printers
203-2106, 128 Wellington iw EL 9640 Tiribbeck Oliver 'plbr Univ of
Tor fa 165 Hampton av GE 5662 Tribble Gordon W opr Lever Bros h
554 -Christie LA 65619 — Hillis caretaker Bd of Edu-c h '35 -Simpson
avenue BA 1491 — Jas H fa-arber 5(6 (Guestville av (Mt D) h 34
Cfaryessa av (Mt D) Tribe Clara (wid Wm) r 1 ISt Joseph — Ernest -
W fa H, 40(6’ (Bloor e RA K7.95 — Lillian elk Natl Trust r 7 ‘Sultan KI
5212 — (Lucy opr (Gutta Pereha r ,1 St Joseph — (Wm J h OB, '2
iSultan KI 1741 Tri-Bell (Recreation Club, Dave IFineberg pres, 175
Bathurst Tli 0739 Tribune (Weekly Newspaper (Regd K Williams)
printers and publishers 3 Chester -avenue GL 4844 Tribute Austin G
prntr A-mnac Press h 374 Soudan av MA 38(54 — E (Campbell
bailiff's asst J McCullough & Co r 104 ISfaeridan av LO 3-725
Tricarlco Angeline i(wid Louis) fa 227 Manning ay — Anthony r 2'2 7
Manning av — T Mary 'p-arceller 'Simpsons r 1198 Springdale blvd (E
Y) Tricfao (System Ltd, Doris M Roe mg-rs, superflous hair removing
2(08, 229 Yonge AD 4543 Trickay Albert G fa 153 HaPbord KI 81783
Trlcker Cyril J r 41 Ellsworth av LO 7-055 '(active service) — (Frank
IS supt iSilverwoods fa 41 Ellsworth -avenue LO 7055 Trickett Harold
first aid man Anaconda Amer Brass fa ’50 Thirteenth (New T) Trickey
Alfred R me eh h 534 Manning av ME 3620 — Arthur grndr Can
Illinois Tools r 97 Oakwood av — -Dorothy r 15, 497A Bloor w KI
1644 — (Florence A ac-ct Dept of Agric (Prov) fa 54 Walker av KI
-6630 ■ — IFr-ank W mgr Kirana Kirkland Gold Mines (Ltd r 54
Walker av KI 66310 — 'Fred J slsmn Candn Johns Manville fa -633 -
Carlaw av ■ — Freda J r 54 -Walker av KI 6630 —(Geo slsmn P-ease
Eoundry h 97 Oakwood avenue LL 8(05(2 — - Gordon W photo -
Photo Engravers r 53(4 (Manning av (ME 3620 ■ — Harvey (P 0
slsmn Livingstone’s fa 15, 49'7A (Bloor w KI 1(6,44 — John Rev r (54
Walker -av KI 66'3i0 — (Marjorie r 1-5, '497'A Bloo.r w KI 1644 —
Robt J stm-ftr fa 151 Franklyn av LA 41289 — 'Sami opr A E Jupp
IConstn fa 6 Baird av GE 2526 ■ — iSar-ah E '(wid Warren) h 5
Riverdale av HA 7166 — Theodore ((New Era 'Glove Works) fa 535
Broadview av HA 5244 Tricola Jos 1-alb CPR r 280 Manning av — Jos
C fa 280 (Manning av Trider Earl N pntr r .85 Metcalfe RA 7684 — H
Don ib-aker (Christie Brown r 85 Metcalfe — Louis janitor Premier
Trust fa 85 Metcalfe RA 7-684 T’riffltt (Gwendolyn emp Psychiatric
Hosp fa G, 308 Jarvis WA 9265 Trifle Angela F store elk Caulfield’s
Dairy r 137 Winchester — Anne sis elk tC-aulfleld’s Dairy r 137
Winchester Trifler Abraham opr Tip-Top fa 16 Major KI 16-25 —
Morris tlr fa 16 Major KI 1625 Trifoli Jos slsmn h 452 Parliament RA
4701 Trig-arde Antoinette opr York Knitting Mills r 2'27 -Manning av
Triggs Geo r 2019 Westmoreland av (active service) — Louise (wid
Geo) fa 209 'Westmoreland av — Nellie r 209 Westmoreland av —
(Wm r 69 Melbourne av KE 71875 Trikas Steve chef Alps Rest r 626
Indian road JU 94(35 Triller -Byron C emp Prince George (Hotel h 15
Muskoka rd (Long B) ph Zone 6404 — Confectionery (Mrs Muriel
Murray) to'b 16'66 Queen w ME 9474 — Jos M baggagemn Union
Stn r 1.718(6 Dufferin KE 13-07 — K La Nor r 16 Muskoka -rd (Long
B) ph Zone 6404 — L IPatk emp Unique -Studio r 15 Muskoka rd
(Long B) ph Zone 6404 — (Markus J x-ray tech ISt Michael’s Hosp h
<83 Auburn av LIL 5113 — -Mary E comptometer opr (Western Gan
Flour Mills r 15 Muskoka rd (Long Branch) — Nelson IF elk 'Can Ry
News h 32 Parkview gdns LY 8745 Trilling Sanford S mach Can
Elevator Supply r '153 Heward av Trillo Arthur T fa 1121 Oaslngton
av LA 1390 Trilsbeck Edwin J lab Anchor Cap fa 58 Pauline av ME
6112 — (Godfrey T elk P O fa 34 Holly — Lionel mech Anchor (Cap r
5(8 Pauline av ME 6112 — (Wm H fa 1, 1078 IDovercourt rd ME
8842 Trim Bertram -C emp Water Works (E Y) h 231 L-innsmore cres
(E Y) HA 8562 —(Chas E cfaf engnr Beamish Sugar Refineries fa 3
Butternut av GE 1906 — Cyril CB prntr Mac'Lean Pub Co h 869
(Woodbine av GR 71619 — (Norman elk -D -Smellie & Sons r 231
Linnsmore cres (E Y) HA 8502 — Wm C sergt Pol iStn 11 h 31
Hlghcroft road BO 4496 — (Wm C slsmn Humphries Ltd r 31
Highcroft rd HO 44916 Trimbach Irene Ihsekpr 333 Ruslholme rd LO
1333 Triman Lily r 269 Augusta av EL 4588 Trimbee Albert E
excavator fa 8,0 Gough av HA 25-69 - — Albert E jr trk drv.r A E
'Trimbee r 80 Gough av HA 236(9 — Ernest r 50(6 Prince Edward dr
(La M) — -Harold P insp City Treas r 125 Isabella — Harold P staty
engnr Adams Furn h 312 -Highfleld rd HA 4174 —(Harold W r 3112
Highfleld rd HA 4174 (active service) — Jas elk Genl Elect r 7
Douglas blvd (Mim) pfa Zone 6488 —Jas W (Forest Hill Greenhouses)
h 7 Douglas dr -(Mim) ph Zone 61438 — Walter r 3T2 Highfleld rd
HA 4174 (active service) — Wm |J emp (Christie ISt Hosp fa 27
Varsity road (H Crest) JiU 44.05 ^Trimble, see also Tremble — Adele
Mrs compt opr Massey-Harris r 4 Fern av (Wstn pfa -955) — Ali-Ce h
105 Fermanagh av LL 1262 — Amy M (wid Geo W) (Trimble the
Cleaner) h 1552 Queen w LA 1011 — Ann M r 569 Balliol — Amorelle
G off elk Eatons res Port Credit — Bessie (wid Geo W) fa 302 Weston
rd s JU 9261 — Beverley H emp CP Exp r 274 Kingsway s (Swan) JUJ
9937 - — Cfaas buyer Natl Groc fa 138 John (Wstn) —'Chas E
foremn Matthews Bros h 38 Galley av LA 2439 — -Chas R -cfif elk S
& D Car Dept CNR fa 518 Rusfaton rd (Wycfa) LA 2568 - — Claire
emp Anaconda Amer Brass fa (rear) 1332 Lake Shore rd (Long B) —
Clare btcfar Harry -Lltster r 5 Skeens la (Long B) —Donald E r '518
Rusfaton rd (Wycfa) LA 2,568 (active seir) — Dorothy B interior dec
sales Ridpaths Ltd Ih 33-5 Davisville av MA 1626 ■ — Dorothy W elk
typist Dept- Highways r -274 Kingsway s (Swan) JU 9937 — E Frank
genl sec Navy League of Can Ont Div Ih 176 Dowling -av LL 8608 —
Eldon W service stn 675 Bay WA 9206 h 238 Garden -av KE 239-2 -
— Eliztlh opr Gutta Pereha r 65 Indian rd cres LL 5110 — Eva r 33
Portland AD 2651 — E candy mkr Robertson Bros r 78 Pembroke — -
Fredk J btcfar Jas D Trimble r 161 Hillsdale -av e HY 2600 — G Edwd
acct Gutta Pereha r 38 Galley av LA 2439 — Geo r 15 Glengary -av
HU 51-87 — Geo rubber wkr Goodyear Tire r 1 Seventh (New T) —
Geo A prsm-n Business -Systems h 21 Bala av (Mt Dennis) — Geo D
barber Thos E Bennett r 6, 2252 Dundas w LL 5629 Trimble Geo E
mach opr Can Wire & Cable h 53 Torrens av (E Y) — H Lome
drftsmn H J S Dennison fa 71 S-t Johns rd w (Wstn) — Harold chauf
J J Allen li '5, 136 Gillard -avenue — Harry A slsmn -Cameron-Jeffries
h 47 Harding blvd (Bc,h C) — Herbt baggagemn -CPR Ih 274 The
Kingsway s (Swan) JU 9937 — Herbt G slsmn Gutta Pereha h 33
Heddington av HU 3971 —Ida M r 12 Foxley LA 3179 — Jack trk drvr
Maltbys r -28 Britannia av — Jack E veterinary r 161 Hillsdale av e
HY 2600 —Jas D btcfar 1497 Yonge HY 2600 fa 161 Hillsdale av e HY
2600 • — Jas G ih 133 Aldwych av (E Y) — Jennie opr A Foster &
Sons to 80 Salisbury av — Jesse fa 222- Symington av (active ser) —
Jessie emp Eatons r 107 Albertus av MO 4105 — Jessie V (wid
Arthur) fa 453 Parkside dr LL 7358 — John p c Stn 12 h 39 St
Germain av MO 7339 — Jos elk Ricketts Shoe Store r 487 Quebec -
av — Jos slsmn Geo Weston Bire-ad h 201 Summon av (E Y) —
Kathleen drsmkg schl 11, 1 St Clair -av efa same. RA 58.5-1 —
Laverne H stenog 'Cheeseworth Co ir 27‘< Kingsway s (Swan) JU
9937 — Marjorie M ih .22,10 Queen e HO 2455 — Mary (wid Wm) Ih
12 Foxley LA 3179 — IMary M stenog W G McKay fa 2, 6.41 A
Bayview av (Leas) MO 9453 — Mike emp F Silverware Products res
Osh-awa — Mona stenog W -G McKay r 641A Bayview av (Leas) —
Murray h 286 Milverton blvd — -Nelson E barber 279 Lumsden av (E
Y)h same GR 0765 — Norman A slsmn Berkel Products r 71 St Johns
rd (Wstn) — Norman E -prsfdr Northland Press r 302 Weston rd s JU
9-261 — -Park sis elk Brake Specialty & Parts; Co r 425 Belsize dr HY
0392 — Pearl S F post off elk Eatons ir 32 Bonnie Brae blvd (E Y) HA
4106 — Rennie -C (wid Wm) Ih 164 Inglewood d-r HY 4317 — Robt
fa 2, -302:5 Queen e (Scar) (active ser) — Robt elk Kri-m-Ko Co r 41
O’Hara av — Robt E buyer Eatons fa Bircfawood dr (Port. Credit) • —
Robt W r 97 Beaconsfield — -Robt W emp Can (Metal r 12 Foxley LA
3179 — Ross J rugby coach -r 2210 Queen e HO 2455 — Sami fa 39
Austin av — Stanley -comp -rm boy Brlgdens r 302 Weston rd — The
Cleaner (Mrs Amy -M Trimble) 1552 Queen w LA 1011 — Thos r 70
Lappin av — Thos H civil service Dom Govt fa 425 Belsize dr -HY
>0392 — Warden I caretkr r 12 Foxley LA 3179 — Wesley drvr Trull
Funeral Home r 39 Austin av — Wm shpr Way Sagless Spring -r 39
Noble — Wm A meeh Eatons h 32 Bonnie Brae blvd (E Y) HA 4106
— Wm Eh 569 Balliol — Wm E dept mgr Baker Adv Agency ti 130
Baby Point ird (H Crest) LY 6753 — Wm J r 335 Davisville av MA
1026 — Wilmer H mecfa Tip Top Tailors fa 156 Indian gr JU 0625 —
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