1

muR Nky;epiyg;gs;sp
Xilg;gl;b
jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;;lk;

12 – fzf;Fg;gjptpay;
2025 - 2026

khztu; ngau; : ……………………………………………..

tFg;G : ……………………………………
gs;spapd; ngau; : ……………………………………………….

jahupg;G :
P.RAMARAJ., M.Com., B.Ed., M.Phil.,
muR Nky;epiyg;gs;sp> Xilg;gl;b>
jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;.

jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749
 2

myF – 1. KOik ngwhj gjpNtLfspypUe;J fzf;Ffs;

rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;aTk;:
1. KOik ngwh gjpNtLfis nghJthf guhkupj;J tUtJ
m) epWkk; M) muR ,) rpwpa mstpyhd jdpahs; tzpfk; <) gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fs;
2. epiymwp;f;ifxU
m) tUkhdk; kw;Wk; nryTfs; mwpf;if M) nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gfs; mwpf;if
,) nuhf;f eltbf;iffspd; njhFg;G <) fld; eltbf;iffspd; njhFg;G
3. njhlf;f epiymwp;f;if tof;fkhf jahupf;fg;gLtJ
m) njhlf;fKjy; fz;lwpa M) ,WjpKjy; fz;lwpa
,) mt;thz;bd; ,yhgk; fz;lwpa <) mt;thz;bd; el;lk; fz;lwpa
4. nghWg;Gfisf; fhl;bYk; kpFjpahf cs;s nrhj;Jf;fs;
m) el;lk; M) nuhf;fk; ,) Kjy; <) ,yhgk;
5. fPo;f;fz;l nrYj;jw;Fupa khw;Wr;rPl;L njhlh;ghd ve;j tptuk; nkhj;jf; fldPe;Njhu; fzf;fpw;F
khw;wg;gLfpwJ?
m) nrYj;jw;Fupa khw;Wr;rPl;bd; njhlf;f ,Ug;G M) nrYj;jw;Fupa khw;Wr;rPl;bd; ,Wjp ,Ug;G
,) mt;thz;by; Vw;fg;gl;l nrYj;jw;Fupa khw;Wr;rPl;L
<) nrYj;jw;Fupa khw;Wr;rPl;Lf;F nuhf;fk; nrYj;jpaJ
6. fld; tpw;gidj; njhifia fzf;fpl jahupf;fg;gLtJ
m) nkhj;jf; fldhspfs; fzf;F M) nkhj;jf; fldPe;Njhu; fzf;F
,) ngWjw;Fupa khw;Wr;rPl;Lf; fzf;F <) nrYj;jw;Fupa khw;Wr;rPl;L fzf;F
7. KOik ngwh gjpNtLfs; njhlh;ghd fPo;f;fz;l ve;j thf;fpak; rupahdJ my;y?
m) ,J eltbf;iffis gjpT nra;Ak; mwptpay; jd;ikaw;w Kiw
M) nuhf;fk; kw;Wk; Ms;rhu; fzf;FfSf;F kl;Lk; VLfs; guhkupf;fg;gLfpwJ
,) ,J midj;J tifahd mikg;GfSf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;
<) tup mjpfhupfs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy;iy
8. cupikahsupd; nrhj;Jf;fs; & 85>000 kw;Wk; nghWg;Gfs; & 21>000 vdpy; mtUila Kjy; njhif
m) & 85>000 M) & 1>06>000 ,) & 21>000 <) & 64>000
9. njhlf;fKjy; & 10>000>mt;thz;bd; vLg;Gfs; & 6>000>mt;thz;bd; ,yhgk; & 2>000 kw;Wk; nfhz;L
te;j $Ljy; Kjy; & 3>000 vdpy; ,WjpKjy; fhzTk;.
m) & 9>000 M) & 11>000 ,) & 21>000 <) & 3>000
10. fldhspfs; njhlf;f ,Ug;G: & 30>000> ngw;w nuhf;fk;: & 1>00>000> fld; tpw;gid: & 90>000>
fldhspfs; ,Wjp ,Ug;G: ?
m) & 30>000 M) & 1>30>000 ,) & 40>000 <) & 20>000
kpff; FWfpa tpdhtpil:
1. KOik ngwhj gjpNtLfs; vd;why; vd;d?
• ,ul;ilg; gjpTKiwapd; gb jahhpf;fg;glhj fzf;F VLfs;> KOik ngwhj gjpNtLfs; vd;W
miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
• ,jpy; Ms;rhh; fzf;F kw;Wk; nuhf;f fzf;Ffs; kl;LNk KOikahfTk; kw;w fzf;Ffs;
Njitf;Nfw;gTk; jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
2. ,ul;ilg;gjpT Kiw gpd;gw;whj NghJ rpwpa mstpyhd jdptzpfh; nghJthf guhkhpj;J tUk;
fzf;Ffisj; jUf.
• Ms;rhu; fzf;F kw;Wk; nuhf;f fzf;F
3. epiy mwpf;if vd;why; vd;d?
• epiy mwpf;if vd;gJ Fwpg;gpl;l ehSf;fhd nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gfs; ,Ug;igf; fhl;Lk;
xU mwpf;if MFk;.
• KOik ngwhj gjpNtLfis guhkhpf;Fk; xU epWtdj;jpd; Kjypidf; fz;lwpa epiymwpf;if
jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
FWfpa tpdhtpil:
1. KOik ngwh gjpNtLfspd; ,ay;Gfs; ahit?
i. jd;ik:
• ,J fz;fpay; juepiyfis gpd;gw;whky; xOq;fw;w Kiwapy; eltbf;iffis gjpT
nra;Ak; mwptpay; jd;ikaw;w KiwahFk;.
jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749
 3

ii. guhkhpf;fg;gLk; fzf;fpd; tiffs;:

• ,jpy; Ms;rhu; fzf;F kw;Wk; nuhf;f fzf;Ffs; kl;LNk KOikahfg; gjpT
nra;ag;gLfpwJ.
iii. nghUe;Jk; jd;ik:
• KOik ngwhj gjpNtLfs; rpwpa mstpyhd jdpahs; tzpfk; kw;Wk; $l;lhz;ik
epWtdq;fSf;F kl;LNk nghUe;Jk;.
iv. rPuw;w jd;ik:
• gy;NtW epWtdq;fs; jq;fspd; NjitfSf;Nfw;g eltbf;iffis gjpTnra;tjhy;
fzf;Ffspy; rPuw;w jd;ik cs;sJ.
v. tpahghu eltbf;iffSld; cupikahdhpd; eltbf;iffSk; gjpag;gLjy;:
• nghJthf> cupikahsupd; jdpg;gl;l eltbf;iffs; tpahghu eltbf;iffSld; fye;J
gjpag;gLfpwJ.

2. KOik ngwh gjpNtLfspd; FiwghLfs; ahit?

i. gjpNtLfs; Kiwahfg; guhkhpf;fg;glhik:
• ,J xU mwptpay; jd;ikaw;w kw;Wk; xOq;fw;w fzf;NfLfs; guhkhpg;G KiwahFk;.
nrhj;J kw;Wk; ngausT fzf;Ffs; Kiwahfg; guhkhpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.
ii. ,Ug;gha;T jahupg;gJ fbdk;:
• fzf;Ffs; KOikahf guhkupf;fg;glhjjhy; ,Ug;gha;T jahupg;gJ fbdk;.
iii. jtWfs; kw;Wk; Nkhrbfis fz;lwptJ fbdk;:
• gjpNtLfspd; xUgFjp kl;LNk ngwg;gLtjhy; jtWfs; kw;Wk; Nkhrbfisf; fz;lwpa
Kbtjpy;iy.
iv. muR kw;Wk; gpw mjpfhhpfSf;F Vw;Gilajy;y:
• fzf;Ffs; KOikahf ,y;yhjjhy; muR> thptpjpg;G mjpfhhpfs; kw;Wk; gpw rl;;l
mjpfhhpfs; ,jid Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy;iy.
v. tpahghuj;jpd; cz;ikahd ,yhgk; <l;Lk; jpwid fz;lwptJ fbdk;:
• tpahghu kw;Wk; ,yhgel;lf; fzf;F jahupf;f Kbahjjhy; cz;ikahd ,yhgj;ij
fz;lwptJ fbdk;.

3. ,ul;ilg;gjpT Kiw kw;Wk; KOik ngwh gjpNtLfSf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s NtWghLfs; ahit?
NtWghl;bd; mbg;gil ,ul;ilg; gjpTKiw KOik ngwhgjpNtLfs;
eltbf;iffisg; gw;W kw;Wk; tuT Mfpa ,uz;L gw;W kw;Wk; tuT jd;ikfs;
gjpTnra;jy; jd;ikfSk; gjpag;gLfpwJ. KOikahfg; gjpag;gLtjpy;iy.
guhkhpf;fg;gLk; Ms;rhh; fzf;F> nrhj;Jf; fzf;F Ms;rhh; fzf;F kw;Wk; nuhf;f
fzf;fpd; tiffs; kw;Wk; ngausTf; fzf;F fzf;F
,Ug;gha;T jahhpj;jy; ,Ug;gha;T jahhpf;f KbAk; ,Ug;gha;T jahhpf;f KbahJ.
nghUe;Jk; jd;ik ,J midj;J epWtdq;fSf;Fk; ,J rpwpa mstpyhd jdpahs;
nghUe;Jk; tzpfk; kw;Wk; $l;lhz;ik
epWtdq;fSf;F kl;Lk; nghUe;Jk;.
Vw;Gj; jd;ik muR kw;Wk; thptpjpg;G mjpfhhpfs; muR kw;Wk; thptpjpg;G mjpfhhpfs;
,jid Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhh;fs; ,jid Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy;iy
4. epiyawpf;if thapyhf ,yhgk; my;yJ el;lk; fz;lwpAk; gbepiyfisj; juTk;.
i. Mz;Lj; njhlf;fj;jpy; cs;s nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gfspd; ,Ug;Gfisf; nfhz;L
njhlf;f epiyawpf;if jahh; nra;J njhlf;fKjy; fz;lwpaTk;.
ii. fzf;fhz;bd; ,Wjpapy; Njitahd rhpf;fl;Ljy;fisr; nra;jgpd; ,Wjp epiyawpf;if jahh;
nra;J ,WjpKjy; fz;lwpaTk;.
iii. ,Wjp KjYld; vLg;Gj; njhifia $l;lTk;.
iv. rhpf;fl;lg;gl;l ,WjpKjiyf; fz;lwpa $Ljy; Kjiyf; fopf;fTk;.
v. rhpf;fl;lg;gl;l ,Wjp KjypypUe;J njhlf;f Kjiyf; fopj;J ,yhgk; my;yJ el;lj;jpidf;
fz;lwpaTk;.
(m) rhpf;fl;lg;gl;l ,Wjp KjyhdJ njhlf;f Kjiy tpl mjpfkhdjhf ,Ue;jhy; mJ
,yhgk;.
(M) rhpf;fl;lg;gl;l ,Wjp KjyhdJ njhlf;f Kjiy tpl Fiwthdjhf ,Ue;jhy; mJ
el;lk;.

jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749
 4

5. epiyawpf;if kw;Wk; ,Ug;Gepiyf; Fwpg;Gf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s NtWghLfisj; juTk;.

NtWghl;bd; epiy mwpf;if ,Ug;Gepiyf; Fwpg;G
mbg;gil
Nehf;fk; tpahghuj;jpd; Kjiy fz;lwpa tpahghuj;jpd; epjpepiyia fz;lwpa
jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
fzf;fpay; Kiw KOik ngwhj gjpNtLfspy; ,ul;ilg; gjpTKiwapy; ,Ug;Gepiyf;
epiyawpf;if jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. Fwpg;G jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
jahhpg;gpd; ,J NgNul;Lf; fzf;Ffis ,J NgNul;Lf; fzf;Ffis
mbg;gil mbg;gilahff; nfhz;ljy;y mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ.
ed;gfj; jd;ik ek;gfj;jd;ik cilaJ my;y. ek;gfj;jd;ik cilaJ.
tpLgl;l tptuq;fs; tpLgl;l tptuq;fis fz;lwptJ tpLgl;l tptuq;fis fz;lwptJ vspJ.
fbdk;.

6. KOik ngwh gjpNtLfspypUe;J fld; tpw;gidj; njhif vt;thW fz;lwpag;gLfpwJ?

• KOik ngwh gjpNtLfspy; nkhj;j fldhspfs; fzf;F jahupg;gjd; %yk; fld; tpw;gid
fz;lwpag;gLfpwJ.
gw;W nkhj;j fldhspfs; fzf;F tuT
tptuk; njhif tptuk; Njhif
,Ug;GfP/nfh (njhlf;f ,Ug;G) xxx fldhspfsplkpUe;J nuhf;fk; ngw;wJ xxx
tpw;gid f/F (fld; tpw;gid) xxx fldhspfsplkpUe; J ngw; w fhNrhiy xxx
kWf;fg;gl;l fhNrhiy xxx mspj;jjs;Sgb xxx
kWf;fg;gl;l ngWjw;Fupa khw;Wr;rPlL
; tpw;gidj; jpUg;gk;
xxx thuhf;fld; xxx
ngwg;gl;l ngWjw;Fupa khw;Wr;rPl;L xxx
,Ug;G fP/, (,Wjp ,Ug;G) xxx

xxx xxx

myF – 2. ,yhg Nehf;fw;w mikg;Gfspd; fzf;Ffs;

rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;aTk;:
1. ngWjy;fs; kw;Wk; nrYj;jy;fs; fzf;FxU
m) ngausT fzf;F M) nrhj;J fzf;F
,) Ms;rhu; fzf;F <) gpujpepjpj;Jt Ms;rhu; fzf;F
2. ngWjy;fs; kw;Wk; nrYj;jy;fs; fzf;fpy; gjpT nra;ag;gLk; ngWjy;fs; kw;Wk; nrYj;jy;fs;
m) tUthapdj; jd;ik kl;Lk; cilaJ M) Kjypdj; jd;ik kl;Lk; cilaJ
,) tUthapdk; kw;Wk; Kjypdj; jd;ik cilaJ <) Nkw;fz;l vJTkpy;iy
3. ngWjy;fs; kw;Wk; nrYj;jy;fs; fzf;fpd; ,Ug;G fhl;LtJ
m) me;j Mz;by; Vw;gl;l el;lk;
M) me;j Mz;bd; nryTfisf; fhl;bYk; kpFjpahd tUkhdk;
,) me;j Mz;bd; nkhj;j nuhf;fr; nrYj;jy;fs;
<) me;ehisa nuhf;f kw;Wk; tq;fp ,Ug;G
4. tUtha; kw;Wk; nrytpdf; fzf;FxU
m) ngausT fzf;F M) nrhj;J fzf;F
,) Ms;rhu; fzf;F <) gpujpepjpj;Jt Ms;rhu; fzf;F
5. tUtha; kw;Wk; nrytpdf; fzf;F jahupf;fg;gLtjd; %yk; fz;lwpag;gLtJ
m) ,yhgk; my;yJ el;lk; M) nuhf;fk; kw;Wk; tq;fp ,Ug;G
,) cgup my;yJ gw;whf;Fiw <) epjpepiy
6. gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; vJ tUtha; kw;Wk; nrytpdf; fzf;fpy; gjpag;gLtjpy;iy?
m) goia nra;jpj;jhs;fs; tpw;wJ M) nrhj;J tpw;gid kPjhd el;lk;
,) nrayhsUf;F toq;fpa kjp;g;g+jpak; <) miwfyd; tpw;w njhif
7. elg;ghz;by; ngwNtz;ba re;jh ,d;Dk; ngwhjJ
m) xU nrhj;J M) xU nghWg;G ,) xU nryT <) jtpu;f;fg;gl Ntz;ba xd;W
8. capy;nfhil xU
m) tUthapdr; nryT M) Kjypdr; nryT ,) tUthapd tuT <) Kjypd tuT
9. xU Fwpg;gpl;l Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf ngw;w ed;nfhil
m) tUthapd tuT M) Kjypd tuT ,) tUthapd nryT <) Kjypd nryT
jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749
 5

10. xU kd;wj;jpy; cs;s 500 cWg;gpdh;fs; Mz;L re;jhthf & 100 nrYj;Jfpd;wdh;> elg;ghz;by;
$bAs;s re;jh ,d;dKk; ngwg;glhjJ & 200> Kd;$l;bg; ngw;w re;jh & 300. tUtha; kw;Wk;
nrytpdf; fzf;fpy; fhl;lg;gl Ntz;ba re;jh njhifapid fz;lwpaTk;.
m) & 50>000 M) & 50>200 ,) & 49>900 <) & 49>800
kpff; FWfpa tpdhtpilfs;:
1. ,yhg Nehf;fw;w mikg;gpd; nghUs; juTk;.
• ,yhgk; <l;Lk; Nehf;fk; ,y;yhky; nghJ kf;fSf;F Nrit nra;Ak; Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf
njhlq;fg;gLk; mikg;Gfs; ,yhg Nehf;fkw;w mikg;Gfs; vdg;gLk;.
2. ngWjy;fs; kw;Wk; nrYj;jy;fs; fzf;F vd;why; vd;d?
• ngWjy;fs; kw;Wk; nrYj;jy;fs; fzf;F vd;gJ xU ,yhg Nehf;fw;w mikg;gpy; fzf;fhz;bd;
,Wjpapy; jahupf;fg;gLk; nuhf;fk; kw;Wk; tq;fp eltbf;iffspd; njhFg;ghFk;.
3. capy;nfhil vd;why; vd;d?
• xU ,yhg Nehf;fw;w mikg;Gf;F capy; %ykhf mspf;fg;gLk; gupR capy;nfhil MFk;.
• ,J xU Kjypd tuT MFk;.
4. MAs; cWg;gpdh; fl;lzk; - rpW Fwpg;G juTk;.
• xU ,yhg Nehf;fw;w mikg;gpy; xt;nthU cWg;gpdh;fsplkpUe;Jk; xU Kiw kl;Lk; ngwg;gLk;
cWg;gpdh; fl;lzk; MAs; cWg;gpdh; fl;lzk; vdg;gLk;.
• ,J xU Kjypd tuT MFk;.
5. ,yhg Nehf;fw;w mikg;gpd; Kjypd tuTfspy; VNjDk; ehd;fpidj; juTk;.
• capy;nfhil
• MAs; cWg;gpdh; fl;lzk;
• gupRepjp
• Fwpg;gpl;l ed;nfhil
6. ,yhg Nehf;fw;w mikg;gpd; tUthapd tuTfspy; VNjDk; ehd;fpidj; juTk;.
• re;jh
• gioa nra;jpj;jhs; tpw;wJ
• KjyPL kPjhd tl;b
• gioa tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fs; tpw;wJ.
FWfpa tpdhtpilfs;:
1. tUtha; kw;Wk; nrytpdf; fzf;F vd;why; vd;d?
• tUtha; kw;Wk; nrytpdf; fzf;F vd;gJ xU ,yhg Nehf;fw;w mikg;gpy; fzf;fhz;bd;
,Wjpapy; jahupf;fg;gLk; tUtha; kw;Wk; nryTfspd; njhFg;ghFk;.
• xU Fwpg;gpl;l Mz;bd; cgup my;yJ gw;whf;Fiwia fz;lwpa tUtha; kw;Wk; nrytpdf;
fzf;F jahupf;fg;gLfpwJ.
• ,J xU ngausT fzf;F MFk;.
2. ngWjy;fs; kw;Wk; nrYj;jy;fs; fzf;fpw;Fk;> tUtha; kw;Wk; nrytpdf; fzf;fpw;Fk; cs;s
NtWghLfisj; juTk;.
mbg;gil ngWjy;fs; kw;Wk; nrYj;jy;fs; tUtha; kw;Wk; nrytpdf; fzf;F
fzf;F
Nehf;fk; nuhf;fg; ngWjy;fs; kw;Wk; nuhf;fr; xU fzf;fhz;bd; cghp my;yJ
nrYj;jy;fis mwptjw;F gw;whf;Fiwia mwpe;Jnfhs;s
jahupf;fg;gLfpwJ. jahupf;fg;gLfpwJ.
fzf;fpd; jd;ik ,J xU nrhj;Jf; fzf;fhFk;. ,J xU ngausT fzf;fhFk;.
fzf;fpaypd; ,J nuhf;f mbg;gilapyhd ,J epfo;T mbg;gilapyhd
mbg;gil fzf;fhFk;. fzf;fhFk;.
fhyk; ,jpy; midj;J Mz;LfSf;Fupa ,jpy; elg;G Mz;Lf;Fupa
nuhf;fg; ngWjy;fs; kw;Wk; nuhf;fr; eltbf;iffs; kl;Lk; gjpag;gLk;.
nrYj;jy;fisAk; gjpag;gLk;
eltbf;ifapd; ,jpy; tUthapdk; my;yJ Kjypdk; ,jpy; tUthapd eltbf;iffs; kl;Lk;
jd;ik vd;w NtWghL ,y;yhky; midj;J gjpag;gLk;.
eltbf;iffSk; gjpag;gLk;.

jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749
 6

3. ,yhg Nehf;fw;w mikg;gpd; ,Wjpf; fzf;Ffspy; Mz;Lr; re;jh vt;thW ifahsg;gLfpwJ?

m)tUtha; kw;Wk; nrytpdf; fzf;fpy; nray;Kiwfs;:
• elg;ghz;by; ngw;w re;jhTld;> elg;ghz;by; ngwNtz;ba re;jhit $l;l Ntz;Lk;.
• elg;ghz;by; ngw;w re;jhTld;> Ke;ija Mz;by; Kd;$l;bg; ngw;w elg;G Mz;Lf;Fupa
re;jhitf; $l;l Ntz;Lk;
• Ke;ija Mz;by; ngwNtz;ba re;jh elg;ghz;by; ngwg;gl;bUe;jhy; mij elg;ghz;by; ngw;w
re;jhtpypUe;J fopf;f Ntz;Lk;.
• vjph;tUk; Mz;Lf;Fupa re;jh Kd;$l;b ngwg;gl;bUe;jhy; mij elg;ghz;by; ngw;w
re;jhtpypUe;J fopf;f Ntz;Lk;.
• Nkw;fz;l rupf;fl;Ljy;fis nra;j gpd;G re;jh njhifia tUtha; kw;Wk; nrytpdf; fzf;fpy;
tuTg; gf;fk; gjpa Ntz;Lk;.
M) ,Ug;Gepiyf; Fwpg;gpy; nray;Kiwfs;:
• elg;ghz;by; ngwNtz;ba re;jh kw;Wk; epYitapy; cs;s Ke;ija Mz;bd; ngwNtz;ba
re;jhit me;j Mz;bd; ,Ug;Gepiyf; Fwpg;gpy; nrhj;Jf;fs; gf;fj;jpy; gjpaNtz;Lk;.
• elg;ghz;by; Kd;$l;bg; ngw;w re;jh mt;thz;bd; ,Ug;Gepiyf; Fwpg;gpy; nghWg;Gfs; gf;fj;jpy;
gjpa Ntz;Lk;.
4. ,yhg Nehf;fw;w mikg;gpd; ,Wjpf; fzf;Ffspy; gpd;tUk; tptuq;fs; vt;thW ifahsg;gLfpd;wd.
m) tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fs; tpw;gid:
• tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fs; tpw;gid nra;jij tUtha; nrytpdf; fdf;fpy; tuT gf;fk;
gjpag;gLk;.
M) MAs; cWg;gpdu; fl;lzk;:
• cWg;gpdu;fsplkpUe;J ngwg;gLk; MAs; cWg;gpdu; fl;lzk; xU Kjypd tuthFk;. ,ij
ngWjy;fs; kw;Wk; nrYj;jy;fs; fzf;fpy; ngWjy;fs; gf;fKk;> ,Ug;Gepiyf; Fwpg;gpy;
nghWg;Gfs; gf;fKk; gjpag;gLk;.
,) njhlu; tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;b epjp:
• njhlu; tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;bf;fhf ngw;w epjpapy;> njhlu; tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;br; nryT Nghf
kPjk; cs;s njhif ,Ug;Gepiyf; Fwpg;gpy; nghWg;Gfs; gf;fj;jpy; gjpag;gLk;.

myF – 3. $l;lhz;ik epWtdf; fzf;Ffs; - mbg;gilfs;

rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;aTk;:
1. $l;lhz;ik xg;ghtzk; ,y;yhj epiyapy; epWtdj;jpd; ,yhgk; $l;lhspfSf;fpilNa
gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gLtJ
m) rkkhd tpfpjj;jpy; M) Kjy; tpfpjj;jpy;
,) ,uz;Lk; m kw;Wk; M <) Nkw;$wpa vJTkpy;iy
2. $l;lhspfSf;fpilNa $l;lhz;ik xg;ge;jk; ,y;yhj NghJ Kjy; kPJ tl;b
m) toq;fg;gLtjpy;iy M) tq;fp tPjj;jpy; toq;fg;gLk;
,) Mz;Lf;F 5% toq;fg;gLk; <) Mz;Lf;F 6% toq;fg;gLk;
3. $l;lhspfsplkpUe;J epWtdk; fld;fs; ngw;wpUe;jhy; mf;fld;fSf;F ,e;jpa $l;lhz;ikr; rl;lk; 1932
d; gb toq;fg;gLk; tl;b tPjk;
m) Mz;Lf;F8% M) Mz;Lf;F12% ,) Mz;Lf;F5% <) Mz;Lf;F6%
4. gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; vJ ,yhgel;lg; gfpu;T fzf;fpy; fhl;lg;gLk;
m) mYtyfr; nryTfs; M) gzpahsh; Cjpak;
,) $l;lhspapd; Cjpak; <) tq;fpfld; kPjhdtl;b
5. $l;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpy; epiyKjy; Kiw gpd;gw;wg;gLk; NghJ gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; vJ Kjy; fzf;fpy;
fhl;lg;gLk;?
m) $Ljy; Kjy; nfhz;Lte;jJ M) Kjy; kPJtl;b
,) vLg;Gf; kPJtl;b <) ,yhgg; gfpu;T
6. xU $l;lhsp xt;nthU khj eLtpYk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l njhifia tof;fkhf vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;NghJ
me;j vLg;Gfs; kPJ fzf;fplg;gLk; tl;bf;Fupa khjq;fs; ruhrupahf
m) 5.5 khjq;fs; M) 6 khjq;fs; ,) 12 khjq;fs; <) 6.5 khjq;fs;
7. gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; vJ rupaw;w ,iz?
m) vLg;Gfs; kPJ tl;b - Kjy; fzf;fpy; gw;W itf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;
M) Kjy; kPJ tl;b - Kjy; fzf;fpy; tuT itf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;
jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749
 7

,) fld; kPJ tl;b - Kjy; fzf;fpy; gw;W itf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;

<) ,yhgg; gfpu;T - Kjy; fzf;fpy; tuT itf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;
8. $l;lhz;ik xg;ge;jk; ,y;yhj NghJ $l;lhspfs; ngwj; jFjpAilaJ
m) rk;gsk; M) fopT ,) fld; kPJ tl;b <) Kjy; kPJ tl;b
9. nghUe;jhj xd;iwj; Nju;;e;njLf;fTk;.
m) $l;lhspfs; ,yhgk; kw;Wk; el;lj;ij rkkhfg; gfpu;e;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
M) $l;lhspfs; Kjy; kPJ tl;b Mz;Lf;F 7% mDkjpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,) $l;lhspfSf;F rk;gsk; my;yJ Cjpak; mDkjpf;fg;glkhl;lhJ.
<) $l;lhspfsplkpUe;J ngw;w fld; kPjhd tl;b Mz;Lf;F 6% mDkjpf;fNtz;Lk;.
10. vLg;G kPJ tl;b> Kjy; kPJ tl;b kw;Wk; Cjpak; fopj;j gpd; cs;s ,yhgk; & 10>500. fPjh vd;w
$l;lhsp fopTf;Fg; gpd; cs;s epfu ,yhgj;jpy; 5% fopT ngw cupatuhapd; fopTj; njhifia
fz;lwpaTk;.
m) & 50 M) & 150 ,) & 550 <) & 500
kpff; FWfpa tpdhtpil:
1. $l;lhz;ik tiutpyf;fzk; juTk;.
• ,e;jpa $l;lhz;ikr; rl;lk; 1932 gphpT 4 d;gb $l;lhz;ik vd;gJ “vy;NyhUk; Nrh;e;Njh
my;yJ vy;NyhUf;Fkhf xUtNuh> elj;Jk; njhopypd; ,yhgj;ij gfph;e;J nfhs;s xg;Gf;
nfhz;lth;fspilNa epyTk; cwT” MFk;.
2. $l;lhz;ik xg;ghtzk; vd;why; vd;d?
• $l;lhz;ik xg;ghtzk; vd;gJ $l;lhspfSf;fpilNaahd cld;gbf;ifapd; tpjpfis
cs;slf;fpa vOj;J tbtpyhd xU Mtzk; MFk;.
3. epiyKjy; Kiw vd;why; vd;d?
• $l;lhspfspd; Kjy; njhif nghJthf khwhky; ,Uf;Fk; Kiw epiyKjy; Kiw MFk;.
• ,jpy; xt;nthU $l;lhspf;Fk; Kjy; fzf;F kw;Wk; elg;Gf; fzf;F njhlq;fg;gLfpwJ.
4. $l;lhsp xUtUf;F Kjy; kPJ tl;b mDkjpf;f Nkw;nfhs;sNtz;ba Fwpg;Ngl;Lg; gjpT vd;d?
m) Kjy; kPJ tl;b toq;Fk; NghJ:
ehs; tptuk; Ng.g.v njhif njhif
Kjy; kPJ tl;b f/F g xxxx
$l;lhspfspd; Kjy;/elg;G f/F xxxx

M) Kjy; kPJ tl;b fzf;fpid Kbf;Fk; NghJ:

ehs; tptuk; Ng.g.v njhif njhif
,yhgel;lg; gfph;T f/F g xxxx
Kjy; kPJ tl;b f/F Xxxx

5. ,yhgel;lg; gfpu;T fzf;F Vd; jahupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;?

• $l;lhspfsplkpUe;J ngw Ntz;ba njhif kw;Wk; $l;lhspfSf;Fr; nrYj;j Ntz;baJ
njhlu;ghd eltbf;iffisr; rupfl;Lk; Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf ,yhgel;lg; gfpu;T fzf;F
jahupf;fg;gLfpwJ.
FWfpa tpdhtpilfs;:
1. $l;lhz;ikapd; rpwg;gpay;Gfisj; juTk;.
• $l;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpy; Fiwe;jJ 2 egh;fSk; mjpf msT cWg;gpdh;fspd; vz;zpf;if 50
vdTk; tiuaiw nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
• $l;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpd; ,yhgk; my;yJ el;lj;ij gfpu;e;J nfhs;s $l;lhspfSf;fpilNa
cld;ghL ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
• $l;lhz;ik epWtdj;ij $l;lhspfs; midtUNkh my;yJ midthpd; rhh;ghf xUtNuh
elj;jyhk;.
2. $l;lhz;ik xg;ghtzj;jpd; cs;slf;fq;fs; VNjDk; Mwpidj; juTk;.
• epWtdj;jpd; ngah;>njhopypd; jd;ik kw;Wk; njhopy; nra;Ak; ,lk;.
• njhopy; njhlq;fpa ehs; kw;Wk; njhopypd; fhy msT.
• midj;J $l;lhspfspd; ngau; kw;Wk; Kftup.
• xt;nthU $l;lhspAk; mspj;j Kjy;.
jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749
 8

• Kjy; kPJ mDkjpf;fg;gLk; tl;b tPjk;.

• ,yhgg; gfph;T tpfpjk;.
3. epiyKjy; Kiwf;Fk; kWgLk; Kjy; Kiwf;Fk; ,ilNaahd NtWghLfisj; juTk;.
NtWghl;bd; epiyKjy; Kiw khWgLk; Kjy; Kiw
mbg;gil
fzf;Ffspd; xt;nthU $l;lhspf;Fk; Kjy; fzf;F xt;nthU $l;lhspf;Fk; Kjy; fzf;F
vz;zpf;if kw;Wk; elg;Gf; fzf;F njhlq;fg;gLk;. kl;Lk; njhlq;fg;gLk;.
Kjy; njhifapy; Kjy; njhif khwhky; epiyahf Kjy; njhif gUte;NjhWk; khwpf;
khw;wk; ,Uf;Fk;. nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.
,Wjp ,Ug;G Kjy; fzf;F tuT ,Ug;igNa fhl;Lk;. Kjy; fzf;F tuT ,Ug;igNah
elg;Gf; fzf;F gw;W ,Ug;igNah my;yJ gw;W ,Ug;igNah fhl;lyhk;.
my;yJ tuT ,Ug;igNah fhl;Lk;.
rupf;fl;Ljy;fs;; midj;J rupf;fl;Ljy;fSk; elg;Gf; midj;J rupf;fl;Ljy;fSk; Kjy;
fzf;fpy; gjpag;gLk;. fzf;fpy; gjpag;gLk;.

4. $l;lhz;ik xg;ghtzk; ,y;yhj NghJ> ,e;jpa $l;lhz;ilr; rl;lk; 1932-d; gb filgpbf;fNtz;ba

tpjpKiwfs; Fwpj;J rpW Fwpg;G juTk;.
$l;lhz;ik xg;ghtzk; ,y;yhj NghJ $l;lhz;ikr; rl;lj;jpd; gpd;tUk; epge;jidfs; gpd;gw;wg;gLk;.
i. ve;jf; $l;lhspf;Fk; Cjpak; my;yJ ciog;G Cjpak; toq;f Ntz;bajpy;iy.
ii. ,yhgq;fs; my;yJ el;lq;fis rkkhfg; gfpu;e;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
iii. $l;lhspfSf;F Kjy; kPJ tl;b mDkjpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.
iv. fld; kPJ tl;b Mz;Lf;F 6% toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
v. $l;lhspfspd; vLg;Gfs; kPJ tl;b tpjpf;ff;$lhJ.
5. n[auhkd; vd;w $l;lhsp xt;nthU khj eLtpYk; & 10>000 vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;. vLg;Gfs; kPJ
Mz;Lf;F 6% mDkjpf;f Ntz;Lk;. 2018> brk;gh; 31 Mk; ehNshL KbtilAk; Mz;Lf;Fupa vLg;Gfs;
kPJ tl;b fzf;fplTk;.

jPh;T:

n[auhkd; Kjy; kPJ tl;b fzf;fPL:

vLg;G xt;nthU khjKk; & 10>000 vdpy; xU tUlj;jpw;F (10,000 x 12 khjq;fs;) & 1>20>000 MFk;.

vLg;G kPJ tl;b = vLg;Gj; njhif x vLg;G tl;b tPjk; x ruhrup fhyk;

= 1,20,000 x 6/100 x 6/12 = 3,600

myF - 4. $l;lhz;ikf; fzf;Ffs; - ew;ngau;

rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;aTk;:
1. gpd;tUk; thf;fpaq;fspy; vJ rupahdJ?
m) ew;ngah; xU Gydhfhr; nrhj;J M) ew;ngah; xU elg;Gr; nrhj;J
,) e;wngah; xU fw;gidr; nrhj;J <) ew;ngaupid thq;f KbahJ
2. cah; ,yhgk; gpd;tUk; ,uz;bw;Fk; ,ilNaahd NtWghlhFk;
m) gad;gLj;jg;gl;l Kjy; kw;Wk; ruhrup ,yhgk; M) nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gfs;
,) ruhrup ,yhgk; kw;Wk; rhjhuz ,yhgk; <) elg;G Mz;bd; ,yhgk; kw;Wk; ruhrup ,yhgk;
3. xNu tif epWtdq;fspd; ruhrup ,yhg tpfpjkhf fUjg;gLtJ
m) ruhrup ,yhgk; M) rhjhuz ,yhg tpfpjk;
,) vjph; Nehf;Fk; ,yhg tpfpjk; <) ,itfspy; VJkpy;iy
4. fPo; tUtdtw;wpy; vJ rupahdJ?
m) cah; ,yhgk; = nkhj;j ,yhgk; /Mz;Lfspd; vz;zpf;if
M) cah; ,yhgk; = $l;L ,yhgk;/Mz;Lfspd; vz;zpf;if
,) cah; ,yhgk; = ruhrup ,yhgk; - rhjhuz ,yhgk;
<) cah; ,yhgk; = ruhrup ,yhgk; x nfhs;Kjy; Mz;Lfs;
jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749
 9

5. rupaw;w ,izapid milahsk; fhzTk;

m) ruhrup ,yhg Kiwapy; ew;ngah; = ruhrup ,yhgk; x nfhs;Kjy; Mz;Lfspd; vz;zpf;if
M) cau; ,yhg Kiwapy; ew;ngah; = cau; ,yhgk; x nfhs;Kjy; Mz;Lfspd; vz;zpf;if
,) Mz;Lj; njhif Kiwapy; ew;ngau; = ruhrup ,yhgk; x Mz;Lj; njhif fhuzpapd; jw;Nghija kjpg;G
<) $l;L ruhrup ,yhg Kiwapy; ew;ngau; = $l;L ruhrup ,yhgk; x nfhs;Kjy; Mz;Lfspd; vz;zpf;if
6. ruhrup ,yhgk; & 25>000 kw;Wk; rhjhuz ,yhgk; & 15>000 Mf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ> cah; ,yhgk;
m) & 25>000 M) & 5>000 ,) & 10>000 <) & 15>000
7. 2017 -y; fzf;Nfl;bd; gb ,yhgk; & 35>000: ,yhgj;jpy; Nrh;e;Js;s jpUk;gj; jpUk;g epfoh tUkhdk;
& 1>000 kw;Wk; 2017 Mk; Mz;by; Vw;gl;l mrhjhuz el;lk; & 2>000 vdpy;;> rupf;fl;lg;gl;l ,yhgk;
m) & 36>000 M) & 35>000 ,) & 38>000 <) & 34>000
8. xU tpahghu epWtdj;jpd; nkhj;j %yjd kjpg;G & 1>00>000: nrhj;Jf;fs; & 1>50>000 kw;Wk;
nghWg;Gfs; & 80>000. %yjdkhf;f Kiwapy; ew;ngaupd; kjpg;G
m) & 40>000 M) & 70>000 ,) & 1>00>000 <) & 30>000
kpff; FWfpa tpdhtpilfs;:
1. ew;ngah; vd;why; vd;d?
• ew;ngau; vd;gJ vjph;fhyj;jpy; epWtdk; kpFjpahf <l;lf;$ba tUkhdq;fspd; jw;Nghija
kjpg;G MFk;.
• ,J xU Gydhfhr; nrhj;J MFk;.
2. thq;fg;gl;l ew;ngau; vd;why; vd;d?
• ew;ngaiu> nuhf;fk; my;yJ nghUisr; nrYj;jp ngwg;gl;bUe;jhy; mJ thq;fg;gl;l my;yJ
ngwg;gl;l ew;ngah; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
3. cau; ,yhgk; vd;why; vd;d?
• rhjhuz ,yhgj;ij tpl $Ljyhf cs;s ruhrup ,yhgk; cah; ,yhgk; vdg;gLk;.
• cah; ,yhgk; = ruhrup ,yhgk; - rhjhuz ,yhgk;.
4. rhjhuz ,yhg tpfpjk; vd;why; vd;d?
• xU njhopypy; xNu jd;ikAila tpahghu epWtdq;fs; rhjhuz #o;epiyfspy; <l;Lk; ,yhg
tpfpjk; rhjhuz ,yhg tpfpjk; MFk;.
5. $l;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpy; ew;ngaiu kjpg;gpLk; VNjDk; ,uz;L #o;epiyfisj; juTk;.
i. $l;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpy; Gjpa $l;lhspia Nrh;f;Fk; NghJ.
ii. xU $l;lhz;ik epWtdj;ij fiyf;Fk; NghJ.
iii. $l;lhsp tpyFk; NghJ.
FWfpa tpdhtpilfs;:
1. ew;ngaiu jPh;khdpf;Fk; VNjDk; MW fhuzpfisj; juTk;.
i. epWtdj;jpd; ,yhgk; <l;Lk; jpwd;: xUepWtdj;jpd; mjpf ,yhgk; <l;Lk; jpwd; me;epWtdj;jpd;
ew;ngaupd; kjpg;ig mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
ii. tpahghu epWtdj;jpd; rhjfkhd miktplk;: thbf;ifahsh; mjpfk; $Lk; ,lj;jpy; epWtdk;
mike;jpUe;jhy; epWtdj;jpd; ew;ngau; mjpfhpf;Fk;.
iii. ey;y jukhd nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfs; toq;Fjy;: epWtdk; ey;y jukhd nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;
Nritfis toq;fpdhy; epWtdj;jpd; ew;ngau; mjpfhpf;Fk;.
iv. tpahghu epWtdj;jpd; fhy msT: xU epWtdk; ePzl ; fhyk; njhlh;e;J nray;gLk; NghJ mJ
kf;fsplk; mjpf ed;kjpg;ig ngWfpwJ.
v. jpwikkpF Nkyhz;ik: jpwikahf Nkyhz;ik nra;ag;gLk; epWtdk; mjpf kjpg;gpyhd
ew;ngaiuf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
vi. Nghl;bapd; msT: Nghl;b ,y;yhj my;yJ Nghl;b Fiwthf cs;s epWtdj;jpd; ew;ngau; kjpg;G
mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
2. cah; ,yhg Kiwapy; ew;ngah; vt;thW fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.
i. ew;ngau; = cah; ,yhgk; x nfhs;Kjy; Mz;Lfspd; vz;zpf;if
ii. cah; ,yhgk; = ruhrup ,yhgk; - rhjhuz ,yhgk;
iii. ruhrup ,yhgk; = nkhj;j ,yhgk; /Mz;Lfspd; vz;zpf;if
iv. rhjhuz ,yhgk; = gad;gLj;jg;gl;lKjy; x rhjhuz ,yhgtpfpjk;
v. gad;gLj;jg;gl;l Kjy; = epiyr; nrhj;Jf;fs; + elg;Gr; nrhj;Jf;fs; - elg;Gg; nghWg;Gfs;

jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749
 10

3. %yjdkhf;f Kiwapy; ew;ngaupd; kjpg;G vt;thW fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.

i. ew;ngau; = tpahghuj;jpd; nkhj;j %yjd kjpg;G – gad;gLj;jg;gl;l Kjy;
ii. tpahghuj;jpd; nkhj;j %yjd kjpg;G = ruhrup ,yhgk; / rhjhuz ,yhgtpfpjk; x 100
iii.
gad;gLj;jg;gl;l Kjy; = epiyr; nrhj;Jfs; + elg;G nrhj;Jfs; - elg;G nghWg;Gfs;.
(epiyr; nrhj;jpy; ew;ngaiu Nru;f;f $lhJ)
4. gpd;tUk; tptuq;fspypUe;J ruhrup ,yhgk; fzf;fplTk;.
2016: & 8>000> 2017: & 10>000> 2018: & 9>000

jPh;T: nkhj;j ,yhgk;

8,000+10,000+9,000 27,000
ruhrup ,yhgk; = --------------------------------------------------- = 3
= 3 = 9,000
Mz;Lfspd; vz;zpf;if

5. ruhrup ,yhgk; & 15>000 Mf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ 2 Mz;Lfs; nfhs;Kjy; vd;w mbg;gilapy; ew;ngaupd;
kjpg;igf; fzf;fplTk;.

jPh;T:
ew;ngah; = ruhrup ,yhgk; x nfhs;Kjy; Mz;Lfspd; vz;zpf;if

= 15,000 x 2 = 30,000

myF - 5. $l;lhsp Nru;g;G

rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;aTk;:
1. kWkjpg;gPl;L fzf;F xU
m) nrhj;J fzf;F M) ngausT fzf;F ,) Ms;rhu; fzf;F <) Ms;rhuh fzf;F
2. kWkjpg;gPl;by; nrhj;Jf;fspd; kjpg;G cah;tJ
m) Mjhak; M) el;lk; ,) nryT <) ,tw;Ws; vJTkpy;iy
3. $l;lhsp Nrh;g;gpd; NghJ nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gfis kWkjpg;gPL nra;Ak; NghJ Vw;gLk; ,yhgk;
my;yJ el;lk; ahUila Kjy; fzf;fpw;F khw;wg;gLfpwJ?
m) gioa $l;lhspfs; M) Gjpa $l;lhsp
,) midj;J $l;lhspfs; <) jpahfk; nra;j $l;lhspfs;
4. $l;lhspapd; Gjpa ,yhgg; gfpu;it tpl gioa ,yhgg; gfpu;T mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy; mt;NtWghL
miof;fg;gLtJ
m) Kjy; tpfpjk; M) jpahf tpfpjk; ,) Mjha tpfpjk; <) ,tw;Ws; vJTkpy;iy
5. $l;lhsp Nru;g;gpd; NghJ Gjpa $l;lhsp ew;ngaUf;fhf nfhz;L tUk; njhif> ahUila Kjy;
fzf;fpy; tuT itf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;?
m) midj;J $l;lhspfs; M) gioa $l;lhspfs;
,) Gjpa $l;lhsp <) jpahfk; nra;j $l;lhspfs;
6. $l;lhsp Nru;g;G njhlu;ghf gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspy; vJ cz;ikahdjy;y?
m) nghJthf $l;lhspfspd; gu];gu cupikfs; khWk;
M) Ke;ija Mz;Lfspd; ,yhgk; kw;Wk; el;lq;fs; gioa $l;lhspfSf;F gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;
,) $l;lhz;ik epWtdkhdJ Gjpa xg;ge;jj;jpd; fPo; kW fl;likf;fg;gLk;
<) Vw;nfdNt cs;s xg;ge;jkhdJ KbTf;F nfhz;Ltug;glhJ
7. gl;bay; II kw;Wk; gl;bay; IIcld; xg;gPL nra;J rupahdtpilia fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s rupahd
FwpaPl;il gad;gLj;jp njupT nra;aTk;.
gl;bay; I gl;bay;II
i. jpahf tpfpjk; 1. KjyPl;L khWgLk; epjp
ii. gioa ,yhgg; gfpu;T tpfpjk; 2. gfpu;e;J juh ,yhgk;
iii. kWkjpg;gPl;L fzf;F 3. ew;ngau;
iv. Kjy; fzf;F 4. gjpTwh nghWg;G

i ii iii iv
jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749
 11

m) 1 2 3 4
M) 3 2 4 1
,) 4 3 2 1
<) 3 1 2 4
8. nghUe;jhj xd;iw Nju;e;njLf;fTk;.
m) kWkjpg;gPl;L ,yhgk; M) gfpu;e;jspf;fg;glhj ,yhgk;
,) Gjpa $l;lhsp nfhz;L te;j ew;ngau; <) KjyPl;L khWgLk; epjp
9. N[k;]; kw;Wk; fky; ,yhg el;lq;fis 5:3 vd;w tpfpjj;jpy; gfpu;e;J nfhs;fpd;wdu;. mth;fs; Rdpy;
vd;gtiu 1/5 ,yhg gq;fpw;F $l;lhspahf Nru;j;Jf; nfhz;ldu;. jpahf tpfpjj;ij fzf;fplTk;.
m) 1:3 M) 3:1 ,) 5:3 <) 3:5
10. ghyh[p kw;Wk; fkNy\; $l;lhspfs;. ,yhg el;lq;fis 2:1 vd;w tpfpjj;jpy; gfpu;e;J nfhz;ldu;.
mtu;fs; NahNf\; vd;gtiu $l;lhz;ikapy; Nru;j;Jf; nfhz;ldu;. ghyh[p> fkNy\; kw;Wk;
NahNf\pd; Gjpa ,yhgg; gfpu;T tpfpjk; 3:1;:1. ghyh[p kw;Wk; fkNy\pd; jpahf tpfpjj;ij
fzf;fplTk;.
m) 1:3 M) 3:1 ,) 2:1 <) 1:2
kpff; FWfpa tpdhtpilfs;:
1. nrhj;Jfs; kw;Wk; ngWg;Gfis kWkjpg;gPL nra;jy; vd;why; vd;d?
• nrhj;Jfs; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gfspd; elg;G kjpg;ig jPh;khdpg;gJ nrhj;Jfs; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gfis
kWkjpg;gPL nra;jy; vdg;gLk;.
2. Gjpa $l;lhsp Nrh;f;ifapd; NghJ gfpu;e;J juh ,yhgq;fs; kw;Wk; el;lq;fs; vt;thW $l;lhspfSf;F
gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gLfpwJ?
• Gjpa $l;lhsp Nrh;f;ifapd; NghJ gfpu;e;J juh ,yhgq;fs; kw;Wk; el;lq;fis gioa
$l;lhspfSf;F gioa ,yhgg; gfph;T tpfpjj;jpy; gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
3. jpahf tpfpjk; vd;why; vd;d?
• gioa $l;lhspfs; jq;fs; ,yhgj;jpy; xU tpfpjj;ij Gjpa $l;lhspf;F tpl;Lf;nfhLg;gJ jpahf
tpfpjk; vdg;gLk;.
4. Gjpa $l;lhsp Nru;f;fg;gLk; NghJ> Vw;nfdNt cs;s ew;ngaiu gioa $l;lhspfSf;F
gfpu;e;jspg;gjw;fhd Fwpg;Ngl;Lg; gjptpidj; juTk;.
Fwpg;Ngl;Lg; gjpT
ehs; tptuk; Ng.g.v njhif njhif
$l;lhspfspd; Kjy;/elg;G f/F g xxxx
ew;ngau; f/F xxxx
(gioa ew;ngau; Nghf;nfOjpaJ)
5. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; kWkjpg;gPl;Lf; fzf;fpy; gw;W my;yJ tuT itf;fg;gLtijj; juTk;.
m) nrhj;jpd; kPjhd Nja;khdk; - kWkjpg;gPl;Lf; fzf;fpy; gw;W itf;fg;gLk;.
M) gjpTwh nghWg;Gfs; - kWkjpg;gPl;Lf; fzf;fpy; gw;W itf;fg;gLk;.
,) nfhLglNtz;ba nrytpw;fhd xJf;fPL - kWkjpg;gPl;Lf; fzf;fpy; gw;W itf;fg;gLk;.
<) nrhj;jpd; kPjhd kjpg;Ngw;wk; - kWkjpg;gPl;Lf; fzf;fpy; tuT itf;fg;gLk;.
FWfpa tpdhtpilfs;:
1. $l;lhsp Nru;g;gpd; NghJ Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba rupf;fl;Ljy;fs; ahit?
i. gfph;e;Jjuh ,yhgk;> fhg;G kw;Wk; el;lq;fs; Mfpatw;iw gfpu;e;jspj;jy;.
ii. nrhj;JfisAk; nghWg;GfisAk; kWkjpg;gPL nra;jy;.
iii. Gjpa ,yhgk; kw;Wk; jpahf tpfpjj;ij fzf;fpLjy;.
iv. ew;ngah; rupf;fl;Ljy;.
v. $l;lhspfspd; Kjy; fzf;if Gjpa ,yhg tpfpjj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; rupf;fl;Ljy;.
2. nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gfs; kWkjpg;gPL nra;tjw;fhd Fwpg;Ngl;Lg; gjpTfs; ahit?
ehs; tptuk; Ng.g.v gw;W tuT
1. nrhj;Jf;fspd; kjpg;G mjpfhpf;Fk; NghJ:
Fwpg;gpl;l nrhj;Jf; f/F g xxxx
kWkjpg;gPl;Lf; f/F xxxx
2.nrhj;Jf;fspd; kjpg;G FiwAk; NghJ:
jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749
 12

kWkjpg;gPl;Lf; f/F g Xxxx

Fwpg;gpl;l nrhj;Jf; f/F xxxx
3.nghWg;Gfspd; kjpg;G mjpfupf;Fk; NghJ:
kWkjpg;gPl;Lf; f/F g Xxxx
Fwpg;gpl;l nghWg;G f/F xxxx
4.nghWg;Gfspd; kjpg;G FiwAk; NghJ:
Fwpg;gpl;l nghWg;G f/F g Xxxx
kWkjpg;gPl;Lf; f/F xxxx
5.Vl;by; gjpT nra;ahj nrhj;Jf;fis gjpT nra;Ak; NghJ:
Fwpg;gpl;l nrhj;Jf; f/F g Xxxx
kWkjpg;gPl;Lf; f/F xxxx
6.Vl;by; gjpT nra;ahj nrhj;Jf;fis gjpT nra;Ak; NghJ:
kWkjpg;gPl;Lf; f/F g xxxx
Fwpg;gpl;l nghWg;G f/F xxxx
7.kWkjpg;gPl;L fzf;fpd; ,Ug;gpid khw;w:
m) kWkjpg;gPl;L ,yhgkhf ,Ue;jhy;:
kWkjpg;gPl;Lf; f/F g Xxxx
gioa $l;lhspfspd; Kjy; f/F xxxx
M) kWkjpg;gPl;L el;lkhf ,Ue;jhy;:
gioa $l;lhspfspd; Kjy; f/F g Xxxx
kWkjpg;gPl;Lf; f/F xxxx
3. ew;ngaUf;fhd fzf;fpay; nray;Kiw Fwpj;J rpW Fwpg;G juTk;.
• Gjpa $l;lhsp Nru;f;fg;gLk; NghJ ew;ngaiu gioa $l;lhspfs; jpahf tpfpjj;jpd; gb gfpu;e;J
nfhs;thu;fs;.
1. Gjpa $l;lhsp ew;ngaUf;fhf nuhf;fk; my;yJ nrhj;J nfhz;L tUk; NghJ
2. Gjpa $l;lhsp ew;ngaUf;fhf nuhf;fk; my;yJ nrhj;J nfhz;L tuhj NghJ
3. Gjpa $l;lhsp ew;ngaUf;fhd xU gFjpia kl;Lk; nuhf;fk; my;yJ
nrhj;Jfshf nfhz;L tUk; NghJ
4. gioa ew;ngau;

myF– 6 - $l;lhsp tpyfy; kw;Wk; ,wg;G

rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;aTk;:
1. $l;lhsp xUtu; [{d; 30 md;W $l;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpypUe;J tpyFfpwhu;. mtu; $l;lhz;ik
epWtdj;jpd; midj;J nray;ghLfSf;Fk; nghWg;ghtJ
m) elg;G fzf;fhz;bd; ,Wjptiuf;Fk; M) Ke;ija fzf;fhz;bd; ,Wjptiuf;Fk;
,) $l;lhsp tpyFk; ehs; tiuf;Fk; <) $l;lhspapd; fzf;ifj; jPu;Tnra;Ak; tiuf;Fk;
2. $l;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpypUe;J $l;lhsp tpyfypd; NghJ gfpu;e;J juh ,yhgq;fs; kw;Wk; el;lq;fs;
$l;lhspfSf;F ,e;j mbg;gilapy; gfpug;gLfpwJ.
m) Gjpa ,yhgg; gfpu;T tpfpjk; M) gioa ,yhgg; gfpu;T tpfpjk;
,) Mjha tpfpjk; <) jpahf tpfpjk;
3. $l;lhsp tpyfypd; NghJ nghJf;fhg;G khw;wg;gLtJ
m) midj;J $l;lhspfspd; Kjy; fzf;fpw;F M) kWkjpg;gPl;Lf; fzf;fpw;F
,) njhlUk; $l;lhspfspd; Kjy; fzf;fpw;F <) epidTf; Fwpg;G kWkjpg;gPl;L fzf;fpw;F
4. kWkjpg;gPl;bd; NghJ nghWg;Gfspd; mjpfupg;G jUtJ
m) Mjhak; M) el;lk; ,) ,yhgk; <) Nkw;fz;l vJTkpy;iy
5. xU $l;lhsp tpyfypd; NghJ> Mjha tpfpjj;jpd; epu;zak; vjw;F Njitg;gLfpwJ?
m) kWkjpg;gPl;L ,yhgk; my;yJ el;lk; khw;wg;gLtjw;F
M) gfpu;e;J juh ,yhgq;fs; kw;Wk; el;lq;fis gfpu;e;jspg;gjw;F
,) ew;ngaiu rupf;fl;Ltjw;F <) Nkw;fz;l vJTkpy;iy
6. tpyFk; $l;lhspf;Fupa jPu;Tj;njhif cldbahf nrYj;jhj NghJ>mJ khw;wg;gLk; fzf;F.
m) tq;fp f/F M) tpyFk; $l;lhspapd; Kjy; f/F
,) tpyFk; $l;lhspapd; fld; f/F <) gpw $l;lhspfspd; Kjy; f/F.
jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749
 13

7. xU $l;lhz;ik epWtdj;jpd; $l;lhspahf ,Ue;j “A” vd;gu; 2019> khu;r; 31 md;W ,we;J tpl;lhu;.
mtUf;F nrYj;j Ntz;ba ,Wjpj; njhif & 25>000 cldbahfr; nrYj;jg;gltpy;iy. mJ khw;wg;gl
Ntz;ba fzf;F.
m) A apd; Kjy; fzf;F M) A apd; fld; fzf;F
,) A apd; epiwNtw;whsu; fzf;F <) A apd; epiwNtw;whsu; fld; fzf;F
8. A. B kw;Wk; C vd;w $l;lhspfs; 2:2;:1 vd;w tpfpjj;jpy; ,yhg el;lj;ij gfpu;e;J te;jdu;. B apd;
tpyfypd; NghJ epWtdj;jpd; ew;ngau; & 30>000 vd kjpg;gplg;gl;lJ. $l;lhsp B f;F <L nra;tjw;F
A kw;Wk; C apd; gq;fspg;igf; fz;lwpaTk;.
m) & 20>000 kw;Wk; & 10>000 M) & 8>000 kw;Wk; & 4>000
,) & 10>000 kw;Wk; & 20>000 <) & 15>000 kw;Wk; & 15>000
9. A. B kw;Wk; C vd;w $l;lhspfs; 4:2;:3 vd;w tpfpjj;jpy; ,yhg el;lj;ij gfpu;e;J te;jdu;. jw;NghJ C
tpyFfpwhu;. A kw;Wk; B apd; Gjpa ,yhgg; gfpu;T tpfpjk;
m) 4:3 M) 3:4 ,) 2:1 <) 1:2
10. X. Y kw;Wk; Z vd;w $l;lhspfs; ,yhg el;lq;fis rkkhfg; gfpu;e;J te;jdu;. 2019> Vg;uy; 1 md;W X
,we;Jtpl;lhu;. 2018 y; ,yhgk; & 36>000 vd;w mbg;gilapy; 2019 Mk; Mz;Lf;Fupa ,yhgj;jpy; X d;
gq;fpid fz;lwpaTk;.
m) & 1>000 M) & 3>000 ,) & 12>000 <) & 36>000
kpff; FWfpa tpdhtpilfs;:
1. $l;lhsp tpyfy; vd;why; vd;d?
• $l;lhsp xUth; $l;lhz;ik epWtdj;ij tpl;L ntspNaWtJ $l;lhsp tpyfy; vdg;gLk;.
2. Mjha tpfpjk; vd;why; vd;d?
• tpyFk; $l;lhspapd; ,yhgg; gq;fpd; xU gFjpia njhlUk; $l;lhspfs; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ
Mjha tpfpjk; vdg;gLk;.
3. Mjha tpfpjk; fzf;fpLtjd; Nehf;fk; vd;d?
• Mjha tpfpjk; fzf;fpLtjd; Nehf;fk; tpyFk; $l;lhspf;F nfhLf;fg;gLk; ew;ngaiu Vw;Wf;
nfhs;tjhFk;.
4. ,we;j $l;lhspf;F nrYj;j Ntz;ba njhifapid mtUila epiwNtw;whsu; fzf;fpw;F
khw;Wtjw;Fupa Fwpg;Ngl;Lg; gjptpidj; juTk;.
Fwpg;Ngl;Lg; gjpT
ehs; tptuk; Ng.g.v njhif njhif
,we;j $l;lhspapd; Kjy; f/F g xxxx
,we;j $l;lhspapd; epiwNtw;whsu; f/F Xxxx

FWfpa tpdhtpilfs;:
1. $l;lhsp tpyfypd; NghJ nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba rupf;fl;Ljy;fis gl;bayplTk;.
i. gfph;e;J juh ,yhgk;> fhg;G kw;Wk; el;lq;fisg; gfpu;e;jspj;jy;.
ii. nrhj;Jf;fisAk; nghWg;GfisAk; kWkjpg;gPL nra;jy;.
iii. Gjpa ,yhg tpfpjk; kw;Wk; Mjha tpfpjj;ij fzf;fpLjy;.
iv. ew;ngah; rupf;fl;Ljy;.
v. $l;lhsp tpyFk; ehs; tiu cs;s elg;G Mz;L ,yhgk; my;yJ el;lj;ij rupf;fl;Ljy;.
vi. tpyFk; $l;lhspf;F nrYj;j Ntz;ba njhifia nrYj;Jjy;.

2. jpahf tpfpjj;jpw;Fk; Mjha tpfpjj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s NtWghLfs; ahit?

mbg;gil jpahf tpfpjk; Mjha tpfpjk;
nghUs; ,J gioa $l;lhspfs; Gjpa tpyFk; $l;lhsp njhlUk;
$l;lhspf;F jUk; ,yhgg; gq;fpd; tpfpjk; $l;;lhspfSf;F jUk; Mjhag; gq;fpd;
MFk; tpfpjk; MFk;.
Nehf;fk; jpahfk; nra;Ak; $l;;lhspfSf;F Mjhak; ngWk; $l;;lhspfSf;F ew;ngau;
ew;ngau; njhifia rupf;fl;bf; nfhs;s njhifia rupf;fl;bf; nfhs;s
fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ. fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.
fzf;fpLk; Gjpa $l;lhsp Nrh;g;gpd; NghJ $l;lhsp xUth; tpyFk; NghJ
fhyk; fzf;fplg;gLk;. fzf;fplg;gLk;.

jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749
 14

fzf;fpLk; gioa ,yhg tpfpjj;jpypUe;J Gjpa Gjpa ,yhg tpfpjj;jpypUe;J gioa

Kiw ,yhg tpfpfjj;ij fopj;J jpahf ,yhg tpfpfjj;ij fopj;J Mjha
tpfpjk; fzf;fplg;gLk;. tpfpjk; fzf;fplg;gLk;.

3. ntspr; nry;Yk; $l;lhspf;Fr; nrYj;j Ntz;ba njhifapid vt;thW jPu;T nra;ayhk;?

1) tpyFk; $l;lhspf;F NruNtz;ba KOj; njhifiaAk; nuhf;fkhf cldbahf nrYj;jyhk;.
2) nkhj;jj; njhifiaAk; $l;lhspapd; fld; fzf;fpw;F khw;wyhk;.
3) ghjpj; njhifia cldbahf nuhf;fkhfTk; kPjpj; njhifia fld; fzf;fpw;F khw;wp tplyhk;.

myF - 7. epWkf; fzf;Ffs;

rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;aTk;:

1. Kd;Dupikg; gq;F vd;gJ
i. epiyahd tpfpjj;jpy; gq;fhjhak; ngWtjw;fhd Kd;Dupikiag; ngw;w gq;F
ii. fiyg;gpd; NghJ gq;FKjiy jpUk;gg; ngWtjw;fhd Kd;Dupikiag; ngw;w gq;F
m) (i) kl;Lk; rupahdJ M) (ii) kl;Lk; rupahdJ
,) (i) kw;Wk; (ii) rupahdJ <) (i) kw;Wk; (ii) jtwhdJ
2. epWkf; fiyg;gpd; NghJ kl;LNk miof;fg;glf; $ba gq;FKjypd; xU gFjp ,t;thW miof;fg;gLk;.
m) mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l Kjy; M) miof;fg;gl;l Kjy; ,) Kjypdf; fhg;G <) fhg;G Kjy;
3. xWg;gpog;G nra;Ak; NghJ gq;F Kjy; fzf;F vjpy; gw;W itf;fg;gLfpwJ?
m) Kfkjpg;G M) ngausT kjpg;G
,) nrYj;jg;gl;l njhif <) miof;fg;gl;l njif
4. xWg;gpog;Gr; nra;j gq;Ffis kWntspaPL nra;j gpwF> gq;F xWg;gpog;Gf; fzf;fpd; ,Ug;G
khw;wg;gLtJ.
m) nghJf;fhg;G fzf;fpw;F M) Kjypdf; fhg;G fzf;fpw;F
,) gj;jpu Kidkf; fzf;fpw;F <) cgup fzf;fpw;F
5. Kfkjpg;igtpl mjpfkhf ngw;w njhif tuT itf;fg;gLk; fzf;F
m) gj;jpu Kidkf; fzf;F M) miog;G Kd;gzf; fzf;F
,) gq;F Kjy; fzf;F <) gq;F xWg;gpog;Gf; fzf;F
6. gpd;tUk; thf;fpaq;fspy; vJ jtwhdJ?
m) ntspaplg;gl;l gq;FKjy; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l gq;FKjiy tpl xUNghJk; mjpfkhf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ
M) gq;Ffs; Fiw xg;gkhf ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; ntspaplg;gl;l gq;F Kjy; xg;gpa gq;FKjiy tpl
Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;
,) fhg;G Kjy; epWkj;ij fiyf;Fk; NghJ nrYj;JkhW miog;G tpLf;fg;gLfpwJ
<) nrYj;jg;gl;l gq;FKjy;> miof;fg;gl;l gq;FKjypd; xU gFjp MFk;.
7. nrhj;Jf;fis thq;fp gq;Ffs; ntspapLk; NghJ tuT itf;fg;gLk; fzf;F
m) tpw;gidahsh; f/F M) gw;gy nrhj;Jf;fs; f/F
,) gq;FKjy; f/F <) tq;fp f/F
8. rupahd FwpaPl;ilg; gad;gLj;jp nghUj;jkhd ,izia Nju;e;njLf;fTk;
A. Fiw xg;gk; - i) Kd;$l;br; nrYj;jpa miog;G gzk;
B. kpif xg;gk; - ii) ntspapl;l gq;Ffis tpl mjpfkhf xg;gg;gl;lJ
C. miog;G epYit - iii) ntspapl;l gq;Ffis tpl Fiwthf xg;gg;gl;lJ
D. miog;G Kd;gzk; - iv) nrYj;jg; ngwhj miog;G gzk;

A B C D
m) i ii iii iv
M) iv iii ii i
,) iii ii iv i
<) iii iv i ii
9. & 8 nrYj;;jg;gl;l> & 10 kjpg;Gs;s gq;F xWg;gpog;G nra;ag;gl;lJ vdpy;> mjd; Fiwe;j msT kW
ntspaPl;L tpiy.
m) gq;nfhd;W & 10 M) gq;nfhd;W & 8
,) gq;nfhd;W & 5 <) gq;nfhd;W & 2
jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749
 15

10. Rg;uPk; epWkk; gq;nfhd;W & 10 kjpg;Gila 100 gq;Ffis ,Wjp miog;Gj; njhif & 2
nrYj;jhjjhy; xWg;gpog;G nra;jJ. mit midj;Jk; gq;nfhd;W & 9 tPjk; kW ntspaPL
nra;ag;gl;ld. Kjypdf; fhg;Gf;F khw;wg;gLk; njhif.
m) & 700 M) & 800 ,) & 900 <) 1>000
kpff; FWfpa tpdhtpilfs;:
1. gq;F vd;why; vd;d?
• xU epWkj;jpd; Kjy; Fwpg;gpl;l gz kjpg;gpyhd rpwpa myFfshfg; gphpf;fg;gLtJ gq;Ffs;
vdg;gLk;.
2. kpif xg;gk; vd;why; vd;d?
• ntspaplg;gl;l gq;Ffspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl tpz;zg;gpf;fg;gl;l gq;Ffspd; vz;zpf;if
mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy; mJ kpif xg;gk; vdg;gLk;.
3. miog;G epYit vd;gjd; nghUs; vd;d?
• gq;Fjhuu; xUtu; jhd; nrYj;j Ntz;ba xJf;fPl;Lj; njhif my;yJ miog;Gj; njhifia
nrYj;jj; jtwpdhy; mJ miog;G epYit vdg;gLk;.
4. gj;jpu Kidkf; fzf;F gw;wp rpW Fwpg;G tiuaTk;.
• gq;Ffis mjd; Kfkjpg;ig tpl mjpf tpiyf;F ntspapLtJ gq;Ffs; Kidkj;jpy;
ntspapLjy; vdg;gLk;. mt;thW ngwg;gLk; Kidkj; njhif gj;jpu Kidkf; fzf;fpw;F
khw;wg;gLfpwJ.
5. gq;Ffs; Vd; xWg;gpog;G nra;ag;gLfpd;wd?
• gq;Fjhuu; xUtu; xJf;fPl;Lj; njhifiaNah my;yJ miog;Gg; gzj;ijNah nrYj;jj;
jtwpdhy; mtUila gq;Ffs; gwpKjy; nra;ag;gLtJ gq;F xWg;gpog;G vdg;gLk;.
FWfpa tpdhtpilfs;:
1. Kd;Dhpikg; gq;FfSf;Fk;> Neh;ikg; gq;FfSf;Fk; cs;s NtWghLfis $wTk;.
mbg;gil Kd;Dhpikg; gq;Ffs; Neh;ikg; gq;Ffs;
nghUs; gq;fhjhak; ngWk; NghJk;> Kd;Dhpikg; gq;Ffs; my;yhj gpw
gq;FKjiy jpUk;gg; ngWk; gq;Ffs; Neh;ikg; gq;Ffs; MFk;.
NghJk; Kd;Dhpik gilj;jth;fs;
gq;fhjha tpfpjk; gq;fhjha tpfpjk; epiyahdJ. gq;fhjha tpfpjk; epiyaw;wJ.
gq;FKjiyj; epWkf; fiyg;gpd; NghJ Kd;Dupikg; gq;Fjhuu;fSf;F
jpUk;g ngWjy; gq;FKjiyj; jpUk;g ngWtjpy; gq;FKjiy nfhLj;j gpwNf Neh;ikg;
Kd;Dhpik cz;L. gq;Fjhuh;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;.
2. miog;G Kd;gzk; Fwpj;J RUf;fkhf vOjTk;.
• gq;fpd; miof;fg;gl;l kjpg;ig tpl mjpfkhfg; ngwg;gl;l njhif miog;G Kd;gzk;
vdg;gLk;.
• miog;G Kd;gzj;jpw;F 12 % tl;b toq;fg;gLk;.
• ,J ,Ug;Gepiyf; Fwpg;gpy; ,ju elg;G nghWg;Gfspd; fPo; fhl;lg;gLk;.
3. xWg;gpog;G nra;j gq;Ffspd; kWntspaPL vd;why; vd;d?
• xU epWkk; xWg;gpog;G nra;ag;gl;l gq;Ffis ve;j tpiyapYk; kWntspaPL nra;ayhk;.
• kWntspaPl;L tpiy xWg;gpog;G nra;ag;gl;l gq;Ffs; kPJ nrYj;jg; ngwhj njhifiaf;
fhl;bYk; Fiwthf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ.
• kWntspaPl;L tpiy xWg;gpog;G nra;ag;gl;l gq;Ffs; kPJ nrYj;jg; ngwhj njhifiaf;
fhl;bYk; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy; mJ kWntspaPl;bd; ,yhgk; MFk;.
• kWntspaPl;bd; ,yhgk; Kjypdf; fhg;G fzf;fpw;F khw;wg;gLk;.
4. rpW Fwpg;G tiuf.
m) mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l Kjy;:
• epWkj;jpd; mikg;G KiwNal;bd; gb xU epWkk; mjpf gl;rkhf Kjy; jpul;l
mDkjpf;fg;gl;l njhif mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l Kjy; MFk;.
• ,jid “gjpT nra;ag;gl;l Kjy;” my;yJ “ngausT Kjy;” vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
M) fhg;G Kjy;:
• xU epWkk; fiyf;fg;gLk; NghJ kl;LNk miog;G tpLf;fyhk; vd;W xJf;fpitj;Js;s
xg;gpa Kjypd; xU gFjp “fhg;G Kjy;” MFk;.

jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749
 16

5. nuhf;fk; jtpu ,ju kWgaDf;F gq;F ntspaPL vd;why; vd;d?

• epyk; kw;Wk; fl;llk;> ,ae;jpuk; Nghd;w epiyr; nrhj;Jf;fis thq;Fk; NghJ xU epWkk;
nuhf;fj;jpw;F my;yhj kWgaDf;fhf gq;Ffis ntspaplyhk;.
• epWkk; xU tzpf epWtdj;ij thq;Ftjw;fhfTk;> Njhw;Wtpg;ghsh;fspd; gzpf;fhfTk;>
xg;GWjpahsh;fSf;F fopT nfhLg;gjw;fhfTk; nuhf;fj;jpw;F my;yhj kWgaDf;fhf gq;Ffis
ntspaplyhk;.

myF– 8. epjpepiy mwpf;if gFg;gha;T

rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;aTk;:
1. gpd;tUk; thf;fpaq;fspy; vJ rupahdjy;y.
m) Fwpg;Gfs; kw;Wk; gl;bay;fSk; epjpepiy mwpf;iffspd; gFjp Mfpd;wd.
M) epjpepiy mwpf;if gFg;gha;tpd; fUtpfspy; nghJ msT mwpf;if cs;slq;Fk;.
,) Nghf;Fg; gFg;gha;T vd;gJ Xuhz;by; njhiffspy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fis Ma;T
nra;jiyf; Fwpg;gjhFk;.
<) nghJ msT mwpf;if rpy nghJ mbg;gilfisf; nfhz;L gy;NtW ,dq;fspd;
njhlu;gpidf; fhl;LtjhFk;. ,t;tpdq;fs;> nghJ msT mbg;gilapd; rjtpfpjkhf
fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd.
2. ,Ug;Gepiyf; Fwpg;G> tzpf epWtdj;jpd; epjpepiy gw;wpa …………. jfty;fis toq;FfpwJ.
m) xU fhyf;fl;lj;jpw;F Nkyhd M) xU Fwpg;gpl;l ehSf;Fupa
,) xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;fhd <) Fwpg;gpl;l fzf;fhz;bw;Fupa
3. epjpepiy mwpf;iffs; gFg;gha;tpd; gpd;tUk; ve;j fUtp gy;NtW mz;LfSf;fhd tptuq;fis
gFg;gha;T nra;tjw;F Vw;GilajhFk;?
m) nuhf;f Xl;l gFg;gha;T M) nghJ msT mwpf;if
,) xg;gPl;L mwpf;if <) Nghf;F Ma;T
4. epjpepiy mwpf;iffs; ntspf;fhl;lhjJ
m) gzk; rhuh jfty;fs; M) fle;jfhy jfty;fs;
,) FWfpafhy jfty;fs; <) ePz;lfhy jfty;fs;
5. gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; vJ epjpepiyg; gFg;gha;tpd; xU fUtp my;y?
m) Nghf;Fg; gFg;gha;T M) nghJ msT mwpf;if
,) xg;gPl;L mwpf;if <) epu;zapf;fg;gl;l mlf;ftpiyapay;
6. epjp vd;Dk; nrhy; Fwpg;gpLtJ
m) elg;Gg; nghWg;Gfs; M) eilKiw Kjy;
,) epiyr; nrhj;Jf;fs; <) ePz;lfhyr; nrhj;Jf;fs;
7. gpd;tUk; thf;fpaq;fspy; vJ rupahdJ my;y.
m) epjpepiy mwpf;ifapd; FiwghLfs; midj;Jk; epjpepiy mwpf;iffs; gFg;gha;tpw;Fk; nghUe;Jk;.
M) epjpepiy mwpf;if gFg;gha;T xU topKiw> ,J xU Kbty;y.
,) epjpepiy mwpf;if gFg;gha;tpw;F epGzj;Jtk; Njitapy;iy.
<) Ma;T nra;ag;gl;l jfty;fis ca;j;Jzu;tJ jdpg;gl;l fUj;Jfis
cs;slf;fpajhFk;.
8. xU tiuaW epWkj;jpd; tpw;gid & 1>25>000 ypUe;J & 1>50>000 f;F mjpfupj;Js;sJ. ,J xg;gPl;L
tUkhd mwpf;ifapy; vt;thW Njhd;WfpwJ?
m) + 20 % M) + 120 % ,) - 120 % <) - 20 %
9. xU nghJ msT ,Ug;Gepiyf; Fwpg;gpy;> ePz;lfhyr; nrhj;Jf;fspd; rjtPjk; 75 vdpy;> elg;Gr;
nrhj;Jf;fspd; rjtPjk; vt;tsT?
m) 175 M) 125 ,) 25 <) 100
10. xU tzpfj;jpd; Kjyhk; Mz;Lr; nryTfs; & 80>000. ,uz;lhk; Mz;by; nryTfs; & 88>000 Mf
mjpfupj;jpUe;jJ. ,uz;lhk; Mz;bd; Nghf;F tpfpjk; vd;d?
m) 10 % M) 110 % ,) 90 % <) 11 %
kpff; FWfpa tpdhtpilfs;:
1. epjpepiy mwpf;iffs; ahit?
• cw;gj;jp fzf;F> tpahghu fzf;F> ,yhgel;l fzf;F kw;Wk; ,Ug;Gepiyf; Fwpg;G
2. epjpepiy mwpf;if gFg;gha;tpd; fUtpfisg; gl;bayplTk;.
i. xg;gPl;L mwpf;if
ii. nghJ msT mwpf;if
jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749
 17

iii. Nghf;Fg; gFg;gha;T

iv. epjp Xl;lg; gFg;gha;T
v. nuhf;f Xl;lg; gFg;gha;T
3. eilKiw Kjy; vd;why; vd;d?
• eilKiw Kjy; vd;gJ elg;Gg; nghWg;Gfis tpl $Ljyhf cs;s elg;Gr; nrhj;Jf;fis
Fwpg;gjhFk;.
4. Nghf;Fg; gFg;gha;T vg;NghJ ,ju gFg;gha;T fUtpfis tpl Vw;GilajhFk;?
• ,uz;L Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf cs;s jfty;fis gFg;gha;T nra;tjw;F Vw;w xNu fUtp
Nghf;Fg; gFg;gha;T MFk;.
FWfpa tpdhtpilfs;:
1. epjpepiy mwpf;iffs; fle;jfhy tptuq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L jahupf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,J
vg;gb xU FiwghlhFk; vd tpsf;fTk;.
• epjpepiy mwpf;iffs; fle;jfhy tptuq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L jahupf;fg;gLtjhy;
elg;Gfhy epjpepiyia mJ czu;j;JtJ ,y;iy.
• vjpu; fhyj;jpy; Vw;gLk; epjp khw;wq;fis ,J ntspf;fhl;Ltjpy;iy.
• gzk;rhuh jfty;fs; kw;Wk; tpiy khw;wq;fis ,J ntspf;fhl;Ltjpy;iy.
2. nuhf;f Xl;l gFg;gha;T Fwpj;J rpW Fwpg;G tiuaTk;.
• nuhf;f Xl;l gFg;gha;T vd;gJ nuhf;f Xl;l mwpf;if jahhpg;gijf; Fwpf;Fk;.
• ,J xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpy; cs; tUk; kw;Wk; ntspr; nry;Yk; nuhf;fk; kw;Wk;
nuhf;fj;jpw;F rkkhditfis ntspg;gLj;Jk;.
• nuhf;f Xl;l gFg;gha;T tzpf epWtdj;jpd; ePh;ikj;jd;ik kw;Wk; fld; jPh;f;Fk; jpwd;
tpfpjq;fis fzf;fpLtjw;F cjTfpwJ.
3. epjpepiy mwpf;ifapd; FiwghLfs; VNjDk; %d;wpid tpsf;fTk;.
• gzk; rhuhj jfty;fs; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
• epjpepiy mwpf;if gFg;gha;T vd;gJ xU topjhNd jtpu ,JNt Kbty;y.
• epjpepiy mwpf;if gFg;gha;T nra;tjw;F epGzj;Jt mwpT Njit.
4. xg;gPl;L mwpf;if jahhpg;gpy; cs;s gbepiyfis tpsf;fTk;.
gj;jp 1 : tUkhd mwpf;if kw;Wk; ,Ug;Gepiyf; Fwpg;gpy; cs;s tptuq;fs; gjpag;gLk;.
gj;jp 2 : Kjy; Mz;bw;fhd njhifiag; gjpT nra;aTk;.
gj;jp 3 : ,uz;lhk; Mz;bw;fhd njhifiag; gjpT nra;aTk;.
gj;jp 4 : Kjyhk; Mz;Lj; njhiff;Fk; ,uz;lhk; Mz;Lj; njhiff;Fk; cs;s NtWghl;bid
vOjTk;.
gj;jp 5 : gj;jp 4 y; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s njhifia gj;jp 2 y; nfhLf;fg;gl;l njhifahy;
tFj;J $Lk; my;yJ FiwAk; rjtPjj;ij vOjTk;.
5. nghJ msT tUkhd mwpf;if jahhpf;Fk; topKiwfis tpsf;fTk;.
gj;jp 1 : tUkhd mwpf;if my;yJ ,Ug;Gepiyf; Fwpg;gpy; cs;s ,dq;fspd; tptuq;fs;
,g;gj;jpapy; vOjNtz;Lk;.
gj;jp 2 : njhifia gjpT nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
gj;jp 3 : nghJthd mbg;gilahf 100 vd;gij vLj;Jf;nfhz;L gj;jp 2 y; cs;s
njhiffSf;F rjtPjk; fzf;fpl;L gj;jp 3 y; gjpT nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

myF – 9. tpfpjg; gFg;gha;T

rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;aTk;:
1. xU ,dk; kw;nwhU ,dj;NjhL ngw;wpUf;Fk; njhlu;gpid fzpjtpay; Kiwapy; $WtJ
m) KbT M) tpfpjk; ,) khjpup <) jPu;khdk;
2. elg;G tpfpjk; fhl;LtJ
m) FWfpa fhyf; fld; jPu;f;Fk; jpwd; M) Nkyhz;ikj; jpwd;
,) ,yhgk; <l;Lk; jpwd; <) ePz;lfhyf; fld; jPu;f;Fk; jpwd;
3. ruf;fpUg;G kw;Wk; Kd;$l;br; nrYj;jpa nryTfs; ePq;fyhf cs;s elg;Gr; nrhj;Jf;fs;
miof;fg;gLtJ
m) fhg;Gfs; M) GydhFk; nrhj;Jf;fs; ,) epjp <) tpiuT nrhj;Jf;fs;
jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749
 18

4. Gw mf nghWg;Gfs; mstpLtJ
m) FWfpafhyf; fld; jPu;f;Fk; jpwd; M) ePz;lfhyf; fld; jPu;f;Fk; jpwd;
,) ,yhgk; <l;Lk; jpwd; <) nray; jpwd;
5. gl;bay; xd;iw gl;bay; ,uz;Lld; nghUj;jp nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s FwpaPl;ilg; gad;gLj;jp rupahd
tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLf;fTk;.
gl;bay; I gl;bay;II
i. elg;G tpfpjk; 1. ePu;ikj; jd;ik
ii. epfu ,yhg tpfpjk; 2. nray;jpwd;
iii. Gw mf nghWg;Gtpfpjk; 3. ePz;lfhy fld; jPu;f;Fk; jpwd;
iv. ruf;fpUg;G Row;rp tpfpjk; 4. ,yhgj; jd;ik

i ii iii iv
m) 1 4 3 2
M) 3 2 4 1
,) 4 3 2 1
<) 1 2 3 4
6. xU epWkj;jpd; ePu;ikj; jd;ikia Nrhjpf;f fPo;f;fz;l ve;j tpfpjq;fs; gad;gLfpwJ?
i. tpiuT tpfpjk;
ii. epfu ,yhg tpfpjk;
iii. Gw mf nghWg;Gfs; tpfpjk;
iv. elg;G tpfpjk;
fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s FwpaPl;ilg; gad;gLj;jp rupahd tpiliaj; Nju;e;njLf;fTk;.
m) (i) kw;Wk; (ii) M) (i) kw;Wk; (iv) ,) (ii) kw;Wk; (iii) <) (ii) kw;Wk; (iv)
7. gq;Fjhuu; epjpf;Fk; nkhj;j nrhj;Jf;fSf;Fk; cs;s tpfpjhr;rhuk;
m) cupikahsu; tpfpjk; M) Kjy; ce;Jjpwd; tpfpjk;
,) Gw mf nghWg;G tpfpjk; <) elg;G tpfpjk;
8. gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; rupahfg; nghUe;jhjJ vJ?
m) ePu;ik tpfpjk; - tpfpjhr;rhuk;
M) nkhj;j ,yhg tpfpjk; - rjtPjk;
,) epiyr; nrhj;Jf;fs; Row;rp tpfpjk; - rjtPjk;
<) Gw mf nghWg;Gfs; tpfpjk; - tpfpjhr;rhuk;
9. elg;Gg; nghWg;G & 40>000: elg;Gr; nrhj;J & 1>00>000: ruf;fpUg;G & 20>000 vdpy; tpiuT tpfpjk;
m) 1:1 M) 2.5:1 ,) 2:1 <) 1:2
10. tpw;gid %yk; ngw;w tUtha;f;fhd mlf;f tpiy & 3>00>000> mt;thz;bd; njhlf;fr; ruf;fpUg;G
& 60>000> mt;thz;bd; ,Wjpr; ruf;fpUg;G & 40>000 vdpy; ruf;fpUg;G Row;rp tpfpjk;.
m) 2 klq;F M) 3 klq;F ,) 6 klq;F <) 8 klq;F
kpff; FWfpa tpdhtpilfs;:
1. fzf;fpay; tpfpjq;fs; vd;why; vd;d?
• tpfpjq;fs; fzf;fpay; jfty;fspd; mbg;gilapy; fzf;fpLk; NghJ mit fzf;fpay;
tpfpjq;fs; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
2. tpiuT tpfpjk; vd;why; vd;d?
• tpiuT tpfpjk; vd;gJ ePu;ikr; nrhj;JfSf;Fk;> elg;Gg; nghWg;GfSf;Fk; cs;s tpfpjhr;rhuk;
MFk;.
• ,J ePu;ik tpfpjk; my;yJ mkpyr; Nrhjid tpfpjk; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
3. Gw mf nghWg;G tpfpjk; vd;why; vd;d?
• xU tzpfj;jpd; ePzl ; fhy fld; jPh;f;Fk; jpwid kjpg;gpLtjw;F fzf;fplg;gLk; tpfpjk; Gw
mfg; nghWg;G tpfpjk; MFk;.
• ,J ePz;lfhyf; fldpw;Fk;> gq;Fjhuh; epjpf;Fk; cs;s njhlu;gpid ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.
4. KjyPLfs; kPjhd tUtha; tpfpjk; vijf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ?
• tl;b kw;Wk; tupf;F Kd;dh; cs;s ,yhgj;jpw;Fk;> gad;gLj;jg;gl;l KjYf;Fk; ,ilNa
cs;s tpfpjk; KjyPLfs; kPjhd tUtha; tpfpjk; MFk;.
5. tpfpjg; gFg;gha;tpd; VNjDk; ,uz;L FiwghLfisj; juTk;.
• epjpepiy mwpf;iffs; jtwhf ,Ue;jhy; tpfpjq;fSk; jtwhdjhfptpLk;.

jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749
 19

• epjpepiy mwpf;iffs; fle;jfhy jfty;fspd; mbg;gilapy; jahupf;fg;gLtjhy; jw;Nghija

kjpg;ig ,J ntspf;fhl;Ltjpy;iy.
FWfpa tpdhtpil:
1. tpfpj gFg;gha;tpd; Nehf;fq;fis tpsf;fTk;.
i. fzf;fpay; njhiffis RUf;fkhff; $w cjTfpwJ.
ii. epjpepiy mwpf;iffs; gFg;gha;T nra;a cjTfpwJ.
iii. njhopy; epWtdj;jpd; nray;jpwid kjpg;gpl cjTfpwJ.
iv. jpl;lkpLjy; kw;Wk; Kd;fzpg;Gf;F cjTfpwJ.
v. epWtdq;fSf;fpilNaahd nray;ghLfis xg;gpl;Lg; ghu;f;f cjTfpwJ.
2. ruf;fpUg;G khw;W fhyk; vd;why; vd;d? ,J vt;thW fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ?
• ruf;fpUg;G khw;W fhyk; vd;gJ ruf;fpUg;ig tpw;gid nra;tjw;F vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLk;
fhyk; MFk;. xU Mz;bYs;s ehl;fs;
i. ruf;fpUg;G khw;W fhyk; (ehl;fspy;) = ...................................................
ruf;fpUg;G Row;rp tpfpjk;
xU Mz;bYs;s kjq;fs;
ii. ruf;fpUg;G khw;W fhyk; (khjq;fspy;) = ...................................................
ruf;fpUg;G Row;rp tpfpjk;

3. ,af;f ,yhgk; vt;thW fz;lwpag;gLfpwJ?

• tpw;gid %yk; ngw;w tUtha;f;Fk;> ,af;f mlf;ftpiyf;Fk; cs;s NtWghNl ,af;f
,yhgk; MFk;.
• ,af;f mlf;ftpiyia tpl $Ljyhf cs;s tpw;gid %yk; ngw;w tUtha; ,af;f ,yhgk;
MFk;.
• ,af;f ,yhgk; = tpw;gid %yk; ngw;w tUtha; - ,af;f mlf;ftpiy
4. tpfpjg; gFg;gha;tpd; VNjDk; %d;W ed;ikfs; juTk;.
• epWkr; nray;ghLfspd; nray;jpwid mstpl gad;gLfpwJ.
• xU tzpf epWtdj;jpd; fld; jPu;f;Fk; jpwid mstpl gad;gLfpwJ.
• KjyPLfs; njhlu;ghd Kf;fpa KbTfis vLg;gjw;F cjTfpwJ.
5. tpfpjg; gFg;gha;tpd; FiwghLfisj; juTk;.
• epjpepiy mwpf;iffs; jtwhf ,Ue;jhy; tpfpjq;fSk; jtwhdjhfptpLk;.
• epjpepiy mwpf;iffs; fle;jfhy jfty;fspd; mbg;gilapy; jahupf;fg;gLtjhy; jw;Nghija
kjpg;ig ,J ntspf;fhl;Ltjpy;iy.
• epjpepiy mwpf;if jahupg;gjpy; epiyj;jd;ik ,y;iy.
• rpy tpfpjq;fs; kl;LNk cyfstpy; mq;ff P upf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

myF – 10. fzpdp fzf;fpay; Kiw – Tally

rhpahd tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;aTk;:
1. gadupd; Njitf;Nfw;g jahupf;fg;gLk; fzf;fpay; mwpf;ifahdJ
m) tof;fkhd fzf;fpay; mwpf;if M) Fwpg;gpl;l Nehf;f mwpf;if
,) ,Ug;gha;T <) ,Ug;Gepiyf; Fwpg;G
2. F11 vDk; gad;ghL
m) epWtdg; gz;G $Wfs; M) fzf;fpay; rhd;whtzq;fs;
,) epWtd fl;likg;G <) ,itfspy; vJTk; ,y;iy
3. FOf;fs;> NgNuLfs; kw;Wk; rhd;whtz tiffisTally-d; ve;j Jizg;gl;bay; fhz;gpf;Fk;?
m) ruf;fpUg;G rhd;whtzq;fs; M) fzf;fpay; rhd;whtzq;fs;
,) epWtd jfty; <) fzf;F jfty;
4. Tally-y; Kd;Ng tiuaWf;fg;gl;l NgNuLfs;?
(i) nuhf;fk; (ii) ,yhgel;lf; fzf;F (iii) Kjy; fzf;F
m) (i) kl;Lk; M) (ii) kl;Lk; ,) (i) kw;Wk; (ii) ,it ,uz;Lk; <) (ii) kw;Wk; (iii) ,it ,uz;Lk;
jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749
 20

5. vjpu;g;gjpT rhd;whtzk; vjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ?

m) jiyikg; gjpT M) mYtyfg; gad;ghl;bw;fhf tq;fpapy; ,Ue;J vLj;j nuhf;fk;
,) mwpf;iffs; <) nrhj;Jf;fs; flDf;F thq;fpaJ
6. Tally-y; vJ Kd;$l;bNa tiuaWf;fg;glhj FO?
m) mdhkj;J f/F M) nfhLglNtz;ba nryT f/F ,) tpw;gid f/F <) KjyPLfs; f/F
7. rk;gsf; fzf;F gpd;tUk; ve;j jiyg;gpd; fPo; tUk;?
m) Neub tUkhdq;fs; M) Neub nrytpdq;fs;
,) kiwKf tUkhdq;fs; <) kiwKf nrytpdq;fs;
8. mYtyfg; gad;ghl;bw;fhf & 25>000 tq;fpapy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ. ve;j tif rhd;whtzj;jpy; ,e;j
eltbf;if gjpag;gLk;?
m) vjpu; gjpT rhd;whtzk; M) ngWjy;fs; rhd;whtzk;
,) nrYj;jy;fs; rhd;whtzk; <) tpw;gid rhd;whtzk;
9. miwfyd; flDf;F thq;fpaij Tally-y; ve;j tif rhd;whtzj;jpy; gjpag;gLk;?
m) ngWjy;fs; rhd;whtzk; M) cupa Fwpg;NgL rhd;whtzk;
,) nfhs;Kjy; rhd;whtzk; <) nrYj;jy;fs; rhd;whtzk;
10. Tally-d; EiothapypypUe;J ,Ug;gha;it ghu;itapl ve;j tpUg;gj;Nju;T gad;gLk;?
m) Gatewayof Tally -> Reports -> Trial Balance
M) Gateway of Tally -> Trial Balance
,) Gateway of Tally -> Reports ->Display ->Trial Balance
<) ,itfspy; VJkpy;iy
kpff; FWfpa tpdhtpilfs;:
1. jhdpaq;Fk; fzf;fpay; Kiw vd;why; vd;d?
• fzf;fpay; nkd;nghUs; cjtpAld; fzf;NfLfis cldbahf guhkupf;Fk; mZFKiw
jhdpaq;Fk; fzf;fpay; KiwahFk;.
2. fzf;fpay; mwpf;iffs; vd;why; vd;d?
• fzf;fpay; mwpf;if vd;gJ xU epWtdj;jpd; fzf;NfLfspy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;l fzf;fpay;
jfty;fspd; njhFg;G MFk;.
3. VNjDk; Ie;J fzf;fpay; mwpf;iffs; $W.
• ehNsL/Fwpg;NgL
• NgNuL
• ,Ug;gha;T
• ,yhgmwpf;if
• ,Ug;Gepiyf; Fwpg;G
4. fzf;fpay; jfty; mikg;G vd;why; vd;d?
• epjpapay; jfty;fis Nrfupj;J mij nrayhf;fk; ngwr; nra;J gy;NtW gadhsu;fSf;F
jfty; mspg;gJ fzf;fpay; jfty; mikg;G vdg;gLk;.
5. Tally.ERP 9 y; FO vd;why; vd;d?
• Tally.ERP 9 y; FO vd;gJ xNu gz;Gfisf; nfhz;l NgNuLfspd; njhFg;G MFk;.
FWfpa tpdhtpilfs;:
1. fzf;fpay; rhd;whtzk; Fwpj;J rpW Fwpg;G vOjTk;.
• eltbf;iffspd; tptuq;fis nfhz;Ls;s xU MtzNk fzf;fpay; rhd;whtzk; MFk;.
• eltbf;iffs; rhd;whtzg; gjpTfs; %yNk gjpag;gl Ntz;Lk;.
• Kd;Ng tiuaWf;fg;gl;l nfhs;Kjy;> tpw;gid> nrYj;Jjy;> ngWjy; kw;Wk; vjph;g;gjpT
Nghd;w rhd;whtzq;fis Tally nfhz;Ls;sJ.
2. Tally.ERP 9 y; Kd;Ng tiuaWf;fg;gl;l NgNuLfs; ahit?
• nuhf;fk;
• ,yhgel;lf; fzf;F
3. Tally.ERP 9 y; nghJthf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; rhd;whtdq;fspd; tiffis Fwpg;gplTk;.
• ngWjy; rhd;whtzk;: midj;J nuhf;fk; kw;Wk; tq;fp %ykhf ngWk; ngWjy;fis
ngWjy; rhd;whtzk; nfhz;L gjpag;gLfpwJ.

jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749
 21

•
nrYj;Jjy; rhd;whtzk;: midj;J nuhf;fk; kw;Wk; tq;fp %ykhf nrYj;Jk;
nrYj;jy;fis nrYj;jy; rhd;whtzj;ij gad;gLj;jp gjpag;gLfpwJ.
• vjph;g;gjpT rhd;whtzk;: nuhf;f fzf;F kw;Wk; tq;fp fzf;F Mfpa ,uz;Lk; cs;slf;fpa
eltbf;ifis vjpu;gjpT rhd;whtzk; nfhz;L gjpag;gLfpwJ.
• nfhs;Kjy; rhd;whtzk;: nuhf;ff; nfhs;Kjy; kw;Wk; fld; nfhs;Kjy; Mfpa
eltbf;iffs; nfhs;Kjy; rhd;whtzk; nfhz;L gjpag;gLfpwJ.
• tpw;gid rhd;whtzk;: nuhf;f tpw;gid kw;Wk; fld; tpw;gidia tpw;gid rhd;whtzk;
nfhz;L gjpag;gLfpwJ.
• cupa Fwpg;NgL rhd;whtzk;: nuhf;fk;> tq;fp> nfhs;Kjy; kw;Wk; tpw;gid jtpu ,ju
eltbf;iffis cupa Fwpg;Ngl;L rhd;whtzk; nfhz;L gjpag;gLfpwJ.
4. Tally.ERP 9 y; ,yhgel;lf; fzf;if vt;thW ghh;itapLtJ vd;gij tpsf;fTk;.
• gpd;tUk; VNjDk; xU Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp Tally.ERP 9 y; ,yhgel;lf; fzf;if ghh;itapl
KbAk;.
F10: A/c Reports > Profit & Loss A/c > AltF1
my;yJ

Gateway of Tally > Reports > Profit & Loss A/c > AltF1

5. fzpdpkaf; fzf;fpay; Kiwapd; gad;ghLfspy; VNjDk; Ie;jpid tpsf;fTk;.

i. fzf;NfLfisg; guhkupj;jy;:
▪ fzpdpkaf; fzf;fpay; Kiwapy; fzf;NfLfis ePz;lfhyj;jpw;F vspjhfg;
guhkupf;fyhk;.
ii. rk;gsg; gl;bay; jahupj;jy;:
▪ gzpahsh;fSf;F toq;f Ntz;ba rk;gsj; njhifia fzf;fpLtjw;F fzpdpkaf;
fzf;fpay; gad;gLfpwJ.
iii. mwpf;if cUthf;Fjy;:
▪ gy;NtW tof;fkhd mwpf;iffs; kw;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;l Nehf;f mwpf;iffis
cUthf;Ftjw;F fzpdpkaf; fzf;fpay; cjTfpwJ.
iv. juT mDg;Gjy; / ngWjy;:
▪ epWtdj;jpw;F cs;NsAk;> epWtdj;jpw;F ntspNaAk; fzf;fpay; rhu;e;j jfty;fis
ngWtjw;Fk;> mDg;Gtjw;Fk; fzpdpkaf; fzf;fpay; gad;gLfpwJ.
v. tup tpjpg;G:
▪ gy;NtW tupfis fzf;fpLtjw;Fk; tupg; gpbj;jk; nra;J murhq;f fzf;fpy;
nrYj;Jtjw;Fk; fzpdpkaf; fzf;fpay; cjTfpwJ.

jahupg;G:
P.Ramaraj.,M.Com.,B.Ed.,M.Phil.,m.Nk.ep gs;sp> - Xilg;gl;b> jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;. Cell : 9843261749