TOPIC:

CLIMATE CHANGE

NAME:
NURIN NABILAH BINTI KHAIRULAMRI

CLASS:
6B4

TEACHER’S NAME:
MADAM JASMIN ISAAC
 What is Climate Change?
"Climate Change" refers to big, long-lasting
changes in how the weather works all around the
world. Global warming is a big part of this—it's
like the Earth's atmosphere getting warmer
because it's holding onto more heat from the sun.

Think of it like this: normally, the Earth's

atmosphere acts like a cozy blanket, keeping just
the right amount of warmth around us. But lately,
humans have been making changes that are like
putting an extra-thick blanket on our planet,
making it too warm.

This extra warmth messes up a lot of things. For

example, when the oceans get warmer, they
make bigger storms like hurricanes and
typhoons. And as the ice at the North and South
Poles melts because it's too warm, it makes the
sea level rise, which can cause floods in places
where people live.

To stop this from getting worse, we need to

understand how it's happening. We can help by
reducing carbon released into the
atmosphere that makes the Earth too warm.
 Reason Of Climate Change
1. Global warming
2011-2020 was the warmest decade recorded, with global
average temperature reaching 1.1°C above pre-industrial
levels in 2019. Human-induced global warming is
presently increasing at a rate of 0.2°C per decade.

An increase of 2°C compared to the temperature in pre-

industrial times is associated with serious negative
impacts on to the natural environment and human health
and wellbeing, including a much higher risk that
dangerous and possibly catastrophic changes in the
global environment will occur.

For this reason, the international community has

recognised the need to keep warming well below 2°C and
pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5°C.

2. Causes for rising emissions

 Burning coal, oil and gas produces carbon dioxide and
nitrous oxide.
 Cutting down forests (deforestation). Trees help to
regulate the climate by absorbing CO2 from the
atmosphere. When they are cut down, that beneficial
effect is lost and the carbon stored in the trees is
released into the atmosphere, adding to the greenhouse
effect.
 Increasing livestock farming. Cows and sheep
produce large amounts of methane when they digest
their food.
 Fertilisers containing nitrogen produce nitrous oxide
emissions.
 Fluorinated gases are emitted from equipment and
products that use these gases. Such emissions have a
 very strong warming effect, up to 23 000 times greater
than CO2.

3. Greenhouse gases

The main driver of climate change is the greenhouse effect. Some

gases in the Earth's atmosphere act a bit like the glass in a
greenhouse, trapping the sun's heat and stopping it from leaking
back into space and causing global warming.

Many of these greenhouse gases occur naturally, but human

activities are increasing the concentrations of some of them in the
atmosphere, in particular:

 carbon dioxide (CO2)

 methane
 nitrous oxide
 fluorinated gases

CO2 produced by human activities is the largest contributor to global

warming. By 2020, its concentration in the atmosphere had risen to
48% above its pre-industrial level (before 1750).

Other greenhouse gases are emitted by human activities in smaller

quantities. Methane is a more powerful greenhouse gas than CO2,
but has a shorter atmospheric lifetime. Nitrous oxide, like CO2, is a
long-lived greenhouse gas that accumulates in the atmosphere over
decades to centuries. Non-greenhouse gas pollutants, including
aerosols like soot, have different warming and cooling effects and
are also associated with other issues such as poor air quality.

Natural causes, such as changes in solar radiation or volcanic

activity are estimated to have contributed less than plus or minus
0.1°C to total warming between 1890 and 2010.
 Effect Of Climate Change
1. Climate change is the single biggest health threat
facing humanity. Climate impacts are already harming
health, through air pollution, disease, extreme weather
events, forced displacement, pressures on mental
health, and increased hunger and poor nutrition in
places where people cannot grow or find sufficient
food.

2. More frequent and intense drought, storms, heat

waves, rising sea levels, melting glaciers and warming
oceans can directly harm animals, destroy the places
they live, and wreak havoc on people's livelihoods and
communities. As climate change worsens, dangerous
weather events are becoming more frequent or severe.

3. Fossil fuels – coal, oil and gas – are by far the largest
contributor to global climate change, accounting for over
75 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions and
nearly 90 per cent of all carbon dioxide emissions.
As greenhouse gas emissions blanket the Earth, they
trap the sun’s heat. This leads to global warming and
climate change. The world is now warming faster than at
any point in recorded history. Warmer temperatures over
time are changing weather patterns and disrupting the
usual balance of nature. This poses many risks to
human beings and all other forms of life on Earth.
WAYS TO OVERCOME CLIMATE
CHANGE

1. Save energy at home

Much of our electricity and heat are powered by
coal, oil and gas. Use less energy by reducing
your heating and cooling use, switching to LED
light bulbs and energy-efficient electric
appliances, washing your laundry with cold
water, or hanging things to dry instead of using a
dryer. Improving your home’s energy efficiency,
through better insulation for instance, or
replacing your oil or gas furnace with an electric
heat pump can reduce your carbon footprint by
up to 900 kilograms of CO2e per year.

2. Change your home's source of energy

Ask your utility company if your home energy
comes from oil, coal or gas. If possible, see if you
can switch to renewable sources such as wind or
solar. Or install solar panels on your roof to
generate energy for your home. Switching your
home from oil, gas or coal-powered energy to
renewable sources of energy, such as wind or
solar, can reduce your carbon footprint by up to
1.5 tons of CO2e per year.
3. Walk, bike or take public transport
The world’s roadways are clogged with vehicles,
most of them burning diesel or gasoline. Walking
or riding a bike instead of driving will reduce
greenhouse gas emissions -- and help your
health and fitness. For longer distances, consider
taking a train or bus. And carpool whenever
possible. Living car-free can reduce your carbon
footprint by up to 2 tons of CO2e per year
compared to a lifestyle using a car.

4. Switch to an electric vehicle

If you plan to buy a car, consider going electric,
with more and cheaper models coming on the
market. In many countries, electric cars help
reduce air pollution and cause significantly fewer
greenhouse gas emissions than gas or diesel-
powered vehicles. But many electric cars still run
on electricity produced from fossil fuels, and the
batteries and engines require rare minerals which
often come with high environmental and social
costs. Switching from a gasoline or diesel-
powered car to an electric vehicle can reduce
your carbon footprint by up to 2 tons of CO2e per
year. A hybrid vehicle can save you up to 700
kilograms of CO2e per year.
5. Consider your travel
Airplanes burn large amounts of fossil fuels, producing
significant greenhouse gas emissions. That makes
taking fewer flights one of the fastest ways to reduce
your environmental impact. When you can, meet
virtually, take a train, or skip that long-distance trip
altogether. Taking one less long-haul return flight can
reduce your carbon footprint by up to almost 2 tons of
CO2e.

6. Reduce, reuse, repair and recycle

Electronics, clothes, plastics and other items we
buy cause carbon emissions at each point in
production, from the extraction of raw materials
to manufacturing and transporting goods to
market. To protect the climate, buy fewer things,
shop second-hand, and repair what you can.
Plastics alone generated 1.8 billion metric tonnes
of greenhouse gas emissions in 2019 – 3.4 per
cent of the global total. Less than 10 per cent is
recycled, and once plastic is discarded, it can
linger for hundreds of years. Buying fewer new
clothes – and other consumer goods – can also
reduce your carbon footprint. Every kilogram of
 textiles produced generates about 17 kilograms
of CO2e.

7. Eat more vegetables

Eating more vegetables, fruits, whole grains,
legumes, nuts, and seeds, and less meat and
dairy, can significantly lower your environmental
impact. Producing plant-based foods generally
results in fewer greenhouse gas emissions and
requires less energy, land, and water. Shifting
from a mixed to a vegetarian diet can reduce your
carbon footprint by up to 500 kilograms of CO2e
per year (or up to 900 kilograms for a vegan diet).

8. Throw away less food

When you throw food away, you're also wasting
the resources and energy that were used to grow,
produce, package, and transport it. And when
food rots in a landfill, it produces methane, a
powerful greenhouse gas. So purchase only what
you need, use what you buy and compost any
leftovers. Cutting your food waste can reduce
your carbon footprint by up to 300 kilograms of
CO2e per year.
9. Plant native species
If you have a garden or even just a plant or two
outside your home, check for native species. Use
a plant identification app to help. And then think
about replacing non-natives, especially any
considered invasive. Plants, animals and insects
depend on each other. Most insects will not eat
non-native plants, which means birds and other
species lose a food source. Biodiversity suffers.
Even a single tree or shrub can offer a refuge –
just remember to skip insecticides and other
chemicals.

10. Clean up your environment

Humans, animals and plants all suffer from land
and water contaminated by improperly discarded
garbage. Use what you need, and when you have
to throw something out, dispose of it properly.
Educate others to do the same, and participate in
local clean-ups of parks, rivers, beaches and
beyond. Every year, people throw out 2 billion
tons of trash. About a third causes environment
harms, from choking water supplies to poisoning
soil.