ChatGPT - Indian Constitution MCQs

Sure! Please provide the multiple-choice questions (MCQs) related to the Indian Constitution,
and I'll do my best to answer them.

1) In the sessions of the Indian National Congress, when was the demand for the
Constituent Assembly put forward for the first time?

A) 1927, Madras Session

B) 1929, Lahore Session
C) 1936, Lucknow Session
D) 1934, Bombay Session

Correct Answer: D) 1934, Bombay Session

Explanation:
The idea of a Constituent Assembly was first proposed in 1934 by M.N. Roy, a pioneer of the
communist movement in India. However, it was in 1935 that the Indian National Congress
officially demanded a Constituent Assembly to frame India's Constitution. This demand was
later reiterated in the Lahore Session of 1929, where the Congress declared Purna Swaraj
(complete independence) as its goal.

Question: Indian Constituent Assembly was officially accepted under which plan?

A) Cripps Mission (1942)

B) Cabinet Mission Plan (1946)
C) Wavell Plan (1945)
D) Mountbatten Plan (1947)

Correct Answer: B) Cabinet Mission Plan (1946)

Explanation:
The Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946 officially proposed the formation of a Constituent
Assembly to frame the Constitution of India. The mission, comprising Lord Pethick-
Lawrence, Sir Stafford Cripps, and A.V. Alexander, aimed to negotiate the transfer of power
from the British government to Indian leadership while maintaining Indian unity. Based on
this plan, elections were held to constitute the assembly, which later drafted the Constitution
of India.

1/15
Question: By whom were the members of the Constituent Assembly from Indian
provinces elected?

A) Direct Election by People

B) Nominated by British Government
C) Elected by Provincial Legislative Assemblies
D) Nominated by Indian National Congress and Muslim League

Correct Answer: C) Elected by Provincial Legislative Assemblies

Explanation:
The members of the Constituent Assembly from the Indian provinces were elected indirectly
by the members of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies, which were themselves elected by
the people under the Government of India Act, 1935. The election was conducted using a
system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote. This process
was laid out as part of the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946.

Question: Who was the only Muslim woman member of the Constituent Assembly?

A) Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain

B) Begum Aizaz Rasul
C) Abadi Bano Begum
D) Fatima Sheikh

Correct Answer: B) Begum Aizaz Rasul

Explanation:
Begum Aizaz Rasul was the only Muslim woman member of the Indian Constituent
Assembly. She was a prominent political leader from Uttar Pradesh and an influential figure
in pre- and post-independence India. She played a significant role in the debates on minority
rights and was instrumental in advocating for the abolition of the practice of separate
electorates for minorities in India.

Question: Who were the members of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constituent
Assembly?

The Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly was formed on 29th August 1947,
under the chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who is also known as the "Father of the
Indian Constitution." The committee was responsible for preparing the draft of the
Constitution.

2/15
Members of the Drafting Committee
1. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar – Chairman

2. N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar – Former Prime Minister of Jammu & Kashmir and a member
of the Constituent Assembly.

3. Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar – Renowned lawyer and jurist from Madras (now Chennai).

4. Dr. K.M. Munshi – Lawyer, politician, and founder of the Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.

5. Syed Mohammad Saadullah – Premier of Assam and an expert on constitutional

matters.

6. N. Madhava Rau – Replaced B.L. Mitter after he resigned due to ill health; he was a
constitutional advisor.

7. T.T. Krishnamachari – Replaced D.P. Khaitan, who passed away. T.T. Krishnamachari was
an industrialist and later served as India's Finance Minister.

Summary
Total Members: 7

Chairman: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

The Drafting Committee was responsible for creating the first draft of the Constitution,
which underwent multiple revisions before being adopted on 26th November 1949.

Let me know if you'd like more details on any of these members or their contributions.

Question: Which feature of the Preamble of the Indian Constitution was not present in
the original Preamble?

A) Sovereign
B) Socialist
C) Secular
D) Democratic

Correct Answer: B) Socialist & C) Secular

Explanation:
The original Preamble of the Indian Constitution, adopted on 26th November 1949, did not
contain the words "Socialist" and "Secular." These two words were added later through the

3/15
42nd Amendment Act, 1976 during the period of Emergency (1975-1977), under the
leadership of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

After the amendment, the Preamble describes India as:

"Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic."

These changes emphasized India's commitment to social justice and religious neutrality.

Key Takeaway:
Original Preamble (1949): Sovereign, Democratic, Republic

After 42nd Amendment (1976): Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic

Quasi-federal

K.M. Munshi said, "The Constituent Assembly was Congress and Congress was the
Constituent Assembly."

Correct Answer: C) Sovereignty of People

Explanation:
The Indian Constitution does not explicitly mention the "sovereignty of the people" as a
feature. Instead, it defines India as a sovereign state in terms of its political independence
and supreme authority. "Sovereignty of the people" is more of a concept in democratic
theory, while India's Constitution emphasizes the sovereignty of the state and Parliament's
sovereignty.

The President of India has the authority to allocate portfolios to different ministers.
However, this is done on the advice of the Prime Minister.

Correct Answer: C) Language

Explanation:
The states in India were reorganized primarily on the basis of language, especially after the
States Reorganisation Act of 1956. The creation of states like Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, and
Maharashtra was based on linguistic lines.

Answer: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was referring to the "President of India" when he said, "I am of
the opinion that this dignity or officer is probably the most important officer in the Indian
Constitution."

4/15
The No Confidence Motion is moved against the Council of Ministers, specifically the Prime
Minister and the Council of Ministers collectively, in the Lok Sabha (the lower house of
Parliament). If the motion is passed, the entire council of ministers must resign.

The Parliament of India can change the boundary of a state through the State
Reorganisation Act or by passing a law under Article 3 of the Indian Constitution. The
procedure involves the President's recommendation and the approval of both houses of
Parliament.

The system of judicial review originated from the United States. It was established in the
landmark case of Marbury v. Madison (1803).

The President of India appoints the judges of the High Courts, but the appointment is made
after consulting the Chief Justice of India and the Governor of the respective state.

The Parliament of India has the power to increase the number of judges in the Supreme
Court or the High Courts by passing a law.

The power of the Supreme Court to decide disputes between the Central Government and
State Governments lies under its Original Jurisdiction, as specified in Article 131 of the
Indian Constitution.

Seats in the Rajya Sabha for each state are allocated on the basis of the population of the
state, as per Article 80 of the Indian Constitution. States with larger populations have more
representatives in the Rajya Sabha.

Fundamental Duties are mentioned in Part IV-A of the Indian Constitution under Article
51A.

The Right to Freedom of Religion is covered under Articles 25 to 28 of the Indian

Constitution.

The Right to a Clean and Healthy Environment is derived from Article 21 of the Indian
Constitution, which guarantees the Right to Life and Personal Liberty. The Supreme Court
has interpreted this right to include the right to a pollution-free environment.

Article 19 of the Indian Constitution guarantees six fundamental rights to the citizens of
India. These are also known as "Freedom Rights."

5/15
Rights guaranteed under Article 19
1. Freedom of Speech and Expression (Article 19(1)(a))

2. Freedom to Assemble Peacefully and Without Arms (Article 19(1)(b))

3. Freedom to Form Associations or Unions or Cooperative Societies (Article 19(1)(c))

4. Freedom to Move Freely Throughout the Territory of India (Article 19(1)(d))

5. Freedom to Reside and Settle in Any Part of India (Article 19(1)(e))

6. Freedom to Practice Any Profession or to Carry on Any Occupation, Trade, or Business

(Article 19(1)(g))

These rights are subject to reasonable restrictions in the interest of sovereignty, security,
public order, decency, and morality, as provided under Article 19(2) to 19(6).

The writ of Certiorari is issued to quash the order of a court or tribunal when it acts
without jurisdiction or in violation of the principles of natural justice. This writ is issued by
a higher court (like the High Court or Supreme Court) to a lower court or tribunal.

The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP), enshrined in Part IV of the Indian
Constitution (Articles 36 to 51), reflect the ideals aimed at achieving social, economic, and
political justice. Several features of the DPSPs are inspired by liberal principles.

Liberal Features of DPSPs

1. Promotion of Welfare State (Article 38) – The state must strive to promote the welfare
of people by ensuring social, economic, and political justice.

2. Uniform Civil Code (Article 44) – Calls for a common set of civil laws applicable to all
citizens, irrespective of religion, which is a hallmark of liberal ideology promoting
equality and individual rights.

3. Right to Adequate Means of Livelihood (Article 39(a)) – Ensures that every individual
has access to a decent standard of living.

4. Equal Pay for Equal Work (Article 39(d)) – Promotes gender equality in wages for men
and women, reflecting the liberal value of equality.

5. Separation of Judiciary from Executive (Article 50) – Emphasizes the principle of the
separation of powers, a core tenet of liberal democracy.

6. Promotion of International Peace and Security (Article 51) – Advocates for respect for
international law and peaceful coexistence, a liberal ideal focused on global harmony

6/15
 and human rights.

These principles aim to create a just, egalitarian, and liberal society and are non-justiciable,
meaning they cannot be enforced in a court of law.

The Government of India Act, 1919 (also known as the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms)
established a partially responsible government in India.

Key Features of the Act (1919):

1. Diarchy (Dual Rule) in Provinces – The subjects were divided into "Transferred"
(administered by Indian ministers) and "Reserved" (administered by British officials)
lists.

2. Partial Responsibility – Indian ministers were made responsible for "transferred

subjects" like education, health, and agriculture.

3. Expansion of Legislative Councils – It increased Indian representation in legislative

bodies but retained British control over important matters.

This Act marked a shift towards gradual self-governance, but true responsibility came later
with the Government of India Act, 1935.

The Indian Councils Act, 1909 (also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms) introduced
separate electorates for Muslims.

Key Features of the Act (1909):

1. Separate Electorates – Muslims were given the right to elect their own representatives
to the legislative councils.

2. Increased Indian Representation – The number of Indians in the Imperial and

Provincial Legislative Councils was increased.

3. Communal Representation – This system institutionalized communalism in Indian

politics, as elections were now based on religion.

This move was aimed at dividing Hindus and Muslims and is often seen as a British strategy
of "Divide and Rule."

The Pitt's India Act, 1784 provided for the setting up of a Board of Control in Britain to
control the affairs of the East India Company in India.

7/15
Key Features of Pitt's India Act, 1784:
1. Board of Control – A six-member board, including British government officials, was
established to supervise, direct, and control the civil, military, and revenue affairs of the
Company.

2. Dual Control – It introduced a system of dual control where the Board of Control
(British Government) had authority over political matters, while the Court of Directors
(East India Company) retained control over commercial affairs.

3. Greater British Control – This Act reduced the autonomy of the East India Company and
increased British government oversight in Indian administration.

This Act was a significant step in bringing Indian administration under direct British
government control.

The concept of "Equality before the law" is borrowed from the British Constitution
(specifically the British Common Law).

It is enshrined in Article 14 of the Indian Constitution, which guarantees equality before the
law and equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.

The idea of the Preamble to the Indian Constitution is borrowed from the Constitution of
the United States of America.

The Preamble of the Indian Constitution reflects similar principles, such as justice, liberty,
equality, and fraternity, which were emphasized in the U.S. Constitution. However, the Indian
Preamble also includes specific references to social, economic, and political justice in the
Indian context.

The term "Territorial Sovereignty" defines the concept that the state has authority and
jurisdiction everywhere within its defined territory. This principle means the state's power
extends to all regions under its control, including land, air, and waters within its borders.

Features of E-Governance:

1. Digital Service Delivery – Government services are provided online, ensuring faster and
efficient access.

2. Transparency – Use of technology promotes openness in government processes,

reducing corruption.

3. Citizen-Centric – Focuses on making government services more accessible to the public.

8/15
 4. Efficiency – Streamlines administrative processes, reducing delays and improving service
quality.

5. Interoperability – Different government systems and departments can work together

using common IT infrastructure.

6. Accountability – Enhances monitoring of government functions and improves decision-

making.

7. Cost-Effectiveness – Reduces the cost of delivering government services and ensures

better resource management.

The amendment procedure is outlined in Article 368 of the Indian Constitution. This article
provides the process through which the Constitution can be amended. It specifies that
amendments can be made by the Parliament through a special procedure, and sometimes
requires the ratification of states.

The Indian state that has come under Presidential Rule (also known as Article 356 of the
Constitution) the most number of times is Uttar Pradesh.

Uttar Pradesh has experienced Presidential Rule multiple times due to political instability
and the inability to form a stable government in the state.

The fundamental postulates of justice in the context of the Indian Constitution can be
summarized as follows:

1. Equality – Every individual is equal before the law, ensuring fairness in treatment and
opportunities (e.g., Article 14).

2. Liberty – Protection of individual freedoms, ensuring that no one is deprived of their

basic rights except according to the law (e.g., Articles 19-22).

3. Social and Economic Justice – Ensures the welfare of marginalized groups through
various provisions like Directive Principles of State Policy (e.g., Articles 38, 39).

4. Fraternity – Promotes unity and integrity among all citizens, encouraging respect for
one another and the fostering of a sense of brotherhood (e.g., Article 51A).

5. Rule of Law – The law is supreme, and no one is above the law, ensuring fairness in
judicial and executive actions.

These principles guide the Indian legal system to create a just, fair, and equal society.

The Directive Principle of State Policy related to secularism is found in Article 51A of the
Indian Constitution, which directs the state to promote fraternity among the people,

9/15
ensuring the integrity of the nation and encouraging respect for diversity and peaceful
coexistence.

Although secularism is not explicitly mentioned as a directive principle, the promotion of

international peace and security (Article 51) and the focus on social, economic, and
political justice indirectly support the secular values enshrined in the Constitution. This
aligns with the idea that the state should not favor any religion, ensuring equality for all
religions in the country.

Correct Answer: C) Majority Rule

Explanation:
In the context of democracy, the other three options — free and fair elections, dignity of an
individual, and equal treatment of all — emphasize fundamental democratic principles that
protect individual rights and ensure fairness.

However, majority rule refers to the idea that the majority's decision prevails in a democracy.
While majority rule is important, it must be balanced with the protection of minority rights,
individual dignity, and equality before the law to ensure a truly inclusive democracy. Hence,
majority rule can sometimes be seen as inconsistent with these other principles, which
focus on safeguarding individual and minority rights.

Here are the key features that the Indian Constitution has borrowed from the following
countries:

1. UK (United Kingdom)

Parliamentary System of Government

Rule of Law

Single Citizenship

Bicameral Parliament

Concept of Cabinet System

Post of Speaker in the Lok Sabha

Parliamentary Sovereignty

2. USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)

Fundamental Duties (Part IV-A, Article 51A)

10/15
 Five-Year Plans (though not a constitutional feature, it was inspired by the Soviet
planning model)

Principles of Justice – Social, Economic, and Political (as mentioned in the

Preamble)

3. Australia

Concurrent List (Subjects on which both the Centre and State can make laws)

Provision for Joint Sitting of Parliament (to resolve deadlock on bills)

Idea of Cooperative Federalism

4. US (United States of America)

Fundamental Rights (Part III of the Constitution)

Independence of Judiciary

Judicial Review

Impeachment of the President

Post of Vice-President (who acts as the chairperson of the Rajya Sabha, similar to
the US Vice President's role in the Senate)

5. Ireland (not Iceland, as Iceland is not known for contributing constitutional features to
India)

Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP – Part IV)

Method of Presidential Election

Nomination of Members to Rajya Sabha

These features reflect the blended nature of the Indian Constitution, taking inspiration from
the best practices of other global democracies and tailoring them to India's unique social,
political, and economic context.

Sure! Please provide the fill-in-the-blanks questions, and I will help you with the correct
answers.

Indian Councils Act, 1909 is also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms.

Diarchy was introduced in the provincial government of India under the Government of
India Act, 1919.

Direct election was introduced by the Government of India Act, 1919.

11/15
The United Kingdom (UK) is a constitutional monarchy.

The United Kingdom (UK) is governed by both written and unwritten laws.

The United States (US) follows the "Due Process of Law".

Article 16 of the Indian Constitution guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of

public employment.

Key Points of Article 16

1. Equal Opportunity – No discrimination in public employment on grounds of religion,
race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, or residence.

2. Reservation – Allows for reservation of posts for backward classes (SC/ST/OBC) to

ensure social justice.

3. Exceptions – Parliament can make laws for reservation of certain positions in favor of
disadvantaged sections of society.

This article promotes merit-based selection while also ensuring affirmative action for social
equity.

Equality and Liberty are principles of Democracy.

The proclamation of Emergency (under Article 352) must be approved by Parliament within
one month from the date it is issued.

If it is not approved within this period, the emergency ceases to operate.

Political parties in India are recognized by the Election Commission of India. The Election
Commission grants national or state party status based on specific criteria, such as
electoral performance and organizational structure.

Article 29 of the Indian Constitution is about the protection of minority rights. It guarantees
that any section of the citizens having a distinct language, script, or culture has the right to
conserve it.

Additionally, Article 30 provides the right to minorities (whether based on religion or

language) to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.

The National Anthem of India, "Jana Gana Mana", was adopted on January 24, 1950.

12/15
The emergency provisions in the Indian Constitution are borrowed from Weimar
Constitution of Germany (1919).

The provisions related to National Emergency (Article 352), State Emergency (Article 356),
and Financial Emergency (Article 360) in the Indian Constitution are inspired by the
emergency provisions in the Weimar Constitution.

The 99th Amendment of the Indian Constitution was enacted in 2014. It primarily deals
with the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC).

Key Features of the 99th Amendment:

1. National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) – The amendment sought to
replace the existing collegium system for the appointment of judges to the Supreme
Court and High Courts.

2. Creation of NJAC – The NJAC was intended to consist of:

The Chief Justice of India (CJI) – Chairperson

Two senior-most judges of the Supreme Court

The Union Law Minister

Two eminent persons (to be selected by a committee consisting of the Prime

Minister, the CJI, and the Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha).

3. Objective – To bring more transparency and accountability to the judicial appointment

process.

However, the 99th Amendment was struck down by the Supreme Court in 2015 in a
landmark judgment, declaring the NJAC as unconstitutional, thus reinstating the collegium
system.

The socialist principle was introduced into the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) by
the 42nd Amendment of the Indian Constitution in 1976.

Before this amendment, the word "socialist" was not explicitly included. The amendment
added the terms "socialist", "secular", and "integrity" in the Preamble, reinforcing India's
commitment to socialism, along with other ideals like justice, liberty, and equality.

The general election for the 18th Lok Sabha of India was held in 2019. The election took
place in multiple phases from April 11 to May 19, 2019, and the results were declared on
May 23, 2019.

13/15
The Union Power Committee of the Constitutional Head (likely referring to the Union
Cabinet) is headed by the Prime Minister of India.

The Prime Minister leads the Cabinet, which includes the Union Minister of Power along with
other relevant ministers, and oversees key decisions related to national governance and
policy-making, including those concerning the power sector.

Law and Order falls under the State List (Entry 1) of the Seventh Schedule of the Indian
Constitution.

Public Health also falls under the State List (Entry 6) of the Seventh Schedule.

These subjects are primarily managed and legislated by state governments.

The maximum age limit for appointment as a Supreme Court judge is 65 years.

This is specified under Article 124(2) of the Indian Constitution. Judges of the High Court, on
the other hand, retire at 62 years.

Legal Right is an example of an ordinary right.

Unlike Fundamental Rights, which are guaranteed by the Constitution (Part III), ordinary
rights are conferred by statutory laws enacted by the legislature. These rights can be
modified or revoked by ordinary legislative procedures.

The Lower House is also known as the Lok Sabha in India and the House of Commons in
countries like the United Kingdom.

The 86th Amendment Act, 2002 of the Indian Constitution made education a fundamental
right.

Key Provisions of the 86th Amendment:

1. Article 21A – Introduced the right to free and compulsory education for children aged 6
to 14 years as a fundamental right.

2. Article 45 – Modified to promote early childhood care and education for children below
6 years.

3. Article 51A (k) – Imposed a fundamental duty on parents/guardians to ensure that their
children receive education between the ages of 6 to 14 years.

14/15
This amendment led to the enactment of the Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009, ensuring
education for all children in this age group.

B. N. Rau (Benegal Narsing Rau) was the Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent
Assembly of India.

He played a key role in drafting the initial version of the Constitution, which was later revised
by the Drafting Committee headed by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.

The Planning Commission (now replaced by NITI Aayog) was an example of an extra-
constitutional and non-statutory body.

Why?
Extra-Constitutional – It was not established by the Constitution of India.

Non-Statutory – It was not created by an act of Parliament or any law.

It was established by an executive resolution of the Government of India in 1950.

NITI Aayog, which replaced the Planning Commission in 2015, is also an extra-constitutional
and non-statutory body.

15/15