The Cholesterol Wars The Skeptics vs the

Preponderance of Evidence 1st Edition Daniel

Steinberg - Downloadable PDF 2025

https://ebookfinal.com/download/the-cholesterol-wars-the-skeptics-vs-
the-preponderance-of-evidence-1st-edition-daniel-steinberg/

Visit ebookfinal.com today to download the complete set of

ebooks or textbooks
Here are some recommended products that we believe you will be
interested in. You can click the link to download.

The Wars of Justinian Prokopios

https://ebookfinal.com/download/the-wars-of-justinian-prokopios/

Orthomolecular Medicine The Cholesterol Hoax 1st Edition

Sherry A. Rogers

https://ebookfinal.com/download/orthomolecular-medicine-the-
cholesterol-hoax-1st-edition-sherry-a-rogers/

The Happy Life Answer to Skeptics Divine Providence and

the Problem of Evil Soliloquies 1st Edition Saint
Augustine
https://ebookfinal.com/download/the-happy-life-answer-to-skeptics-
divine-providence-and-the-problem-of-evil-soliloquies-1st-edition-
saint-augustine/

Genes and the Bioimaginary Science Spectacle Culture

Deborah Lynn Steinberg

https://ebookfinal.com/download/genes-and-the-bioimaginary-science-
spectacle-culture-deborah-lynn-steinberg/
From the Jewish Heartland Two Centuries of Midwest
Foodways 1st Edition Edition Ellen F. Steinberg

https://ebookfinal.com/download/from-the-jewish-heartland-two-
centuries-of-midwest-foodways-1st-edition-edition-ellen-f-steinberg/

Artillery of the Napoleonic Wars First Edition Kevin Kiley

https://ebookfinal.com/download/artillery-of-the-napoleonic-wars-
first-edition-kevin-kiley/

The new space China vs the United States 1st Edition Erik
Seedhouse

https://ebookfinal.com/download/the-new-space-china-vs-the-united-
states-1st-edition-erik-seedhouse/

Beyond the Battlefield Women Artists of the Two World Wars

1st Edition Catherine Speck

https://ebookfinal.com/download/beyond-the-battlefield-women-artists-
of-the-two-world-wars-1st-edition-catherine-speck/

Big Wars and Small Wars The British Army and the Lessons
of War in the 20th Century Military History and Policy
Series 1st Edition Hew Strachan
https://ebookfinal.com/download/big-wars-and-small-wars-the-british-
army-and-the-lessons-of-war-in-the-20th-century-military-history-and-
policy-series-1st-edition-hew-strachan/
The Cholesterol Wars The Skeptics vs the Preponderance
of Evidence 1st Edition Daniel Steinberg Digital Instant
Download
Author(s): Daniel Steinberg
ISBN(s): 9780123739797, 0123739799
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 16.55 MB
Year: 2007
Language: english
THE CHOLESTEROL WARS
To the hundreds of scientists, clinicians and associated research personnel who
over many years amassed the evidence that hypercholesterolemia is a key
causative factor in atherosclerosis; and to the thousands of volunteers who
agreed to participate in the critically important clinical trials that closed the
case, inaugurating a new era in preventive cardiology.
THE CHOLESTEROL WARS

The Skeptics vs. the Preponderance

of Evidence

Daniel Steinberg, M.D., Ph.D.,

University of California, San Diego

~ AMSTERDAM 9BOSTON 9HEIDELBERG ~ LONDON ~ NEW YORK 9OXFORD

PARIS ~ SAN DIEGO ~ SAN FRANCISCO ~ SINGAPORE 9SYDNEY 9TOKYO
ELSEVIER Academic P.... is an imprint of Elsevier
Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier
525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA
360 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10010-1710, USA
84 Theobald's Road, London WCIX 8RR, UK
30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA

First edition 2007

Copyright 9 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system

or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher

Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Science & Technology

Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830;
fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333; email: [email protected]. Alternatively
you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at
http://elsevier.corn/locate/permissions, and selecting
Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material

Notice
No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons
or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use
or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material
herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent
verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

ISBN: 978-0-12-373979-7

For information on all Academic Press publications

visit our web site at books.elsevier.com

Typeset by Charon Tec Ltd (A Macmillan Company), Chennai, India

www.charontec.com
Printed and bound in the USA

07 08 09 10 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Working together to grow

libraries in developing countries
www.elsevier.com I www.bookaid.org I www.sabre.org
 CONTENTS

Foreword xi

Preface xv

Acknowledgments xix

Chapter 1. O v e r v i e w 1
On the nature of medical controversy 1
An overview of the cholesterol wars 4
Atherosclerosis in experimental animals 4
Hypercholesterolemia as a causative factor in the human disease 4
The first steps toward implementation of a cholesterol-lowering strategy 5
The basic science foundation 5
Pathogenesis 6
The 1984 Coronary Primary Prevention Trial, a landmark study 6
The very vocal opposition 7
The birth of the statins 9
Where we stand today 9
References 10

Chapter 2. Animal Models of Atherosclerosis 15

Nikolai N. Anitschkow and the cholesterol-fed rabbit 15
Why wasn't Anitschkow's lead followed up? 20
What led Anitschkow to feed rabbits cholesterol? 23
Atherosclerosis in other species 24
Notes 25
References 25
vi Contents

Chapter 3. Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis

in Humans: Causally Related? 27
The clinical and genetic evidence 27
Do more modest degrees of hypercholesterolemia, such as are
found in a general population, confer risk of premature
coronary heart disease? 31
How high is high? What does "normal" really mean? 31
An apocryphal tale 32
A true tale 32
The epidemiologic evidence 33
The Seven Countries Study of Ancel Keys' group 33
The Japanese migration studies 35
The Framingham Heart Study 36
Dietary fat, blood cholesterol, and coronary heart disease 37
Do diets rich in saturated fats really raise blood cholesterol? 38
Experimental findings 39
Pioneering studies from The Netherlands 39
Rigorous metabolic ward studies 41
Update on the evidence from metabolic ward studies 43
The National Diet-Heart Study 44
Observational studies 46
The contribution of dietary cholesterol intake 47
Early clinical trials of dietary intervention 48
The Paul Leren Oslo Study, 1966 48
The Wadsworth Veterans Administration (VA) Hospital Study, 1969 49
The Finnish Mental Hospitals Study, 1968 51
Overview of the three large pre-1970s trials 51
Additional pre-1970 studies 52
The Lester Morrison Study, 1955 52
The Anti-Coronary Club Study, 1966 53
The Bierenbaum St. Vincent's Hospital Study, 1967 54
The British Medical Research Council (MRC) Study, 1968 54
Overview of all of the pre-1970s diet intervention studies 55
A brief wrap-up of the case against cholesterol as of 1970 56
The pros 57
The cons 58
Note 58
References 58

Chapter 4. Building the Basic Science Foundation 63

The biosynthesis of cholesterol and its metabolic regulation 64
Schoenheimer 64
Bloch, Lynen, and the Cornforth/Popjak team 66
Contents vii

The rate-limiting step, HMGCoA reductase 69

The birth of the lipoproteins and the John W. Gofman story 70
Unraveling the complex metabolism and interactions of the
plasma lipoproteins 76
Which lipoproteins are proatherogenic? 77
Chylomicrons? 77
Triglyceride-rich apoB particles? 78
Low density lipoprotein? 79
High density lipoproteins? 79
The National Heart Institute story 79
Bringing the lipoprotein package concept into clinical practice 83
Moving from phenotype to genotype 85
References 85

Chapter 5. In Search of a Pathogenesis 89

The importance of understanding mechanism in gaining
acceptance of a hypothesis 89
Early attempts to define the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis 90
The response-to-injury hypothesis and the monoclonal hypothesis 93
Understanding the role of HDL as an atheroprotective factor 95
An update on HDL as a target for intervention 98
Discovery of the LDL receptor: the remarkable partnership of
Brown and Goldstein 99
Goldstein and Brown start their search for the faulty gene in
familial hypercholesterolemia 101
Cholesterol synthesis in skin fibroblasts in cell culture 101
The problem is getting LDL inside the cells! 102
Brown and Goldstein: an appreciation 104
Discovery of the scavenger receptor on macrophages 105
Oxidatively modified LDL and atherogenesis 106
Clinical trials 109
Other ligands and other macrophage receptors that may contribute
to foam cell formation 109
Inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis 110
Weighing the relative importance of inflammation and
hyperlipidemia 113
Regression of atherosclerosis 113
Regression in animals 113
Regression in humans 116
Status of the lipid hypothesis in the 1980s 117
Note 117
References 117
viii Contents

C h a p t e r 6. The Search for C h o l e s t e r o l - l o w e r i n g D r u g s 125

Hypocholesterolemic drugs as a target: cons and pros 125
Nicotinic acid 126
Altschul's rationale 126
How nicotinic acid really works and how effective it really is! 128
Side effects 128
Bile acid-binding resins 129
Clofibrate 131
Clofibrate reduces risk of infarction 132
Clofibrate is toxic 133
Probucol 134
Another blow: the somewhat messy Coronary Drug Project 137
The cholesterol controversy at its height 138
References 139

C h a p t e r 7. The 1984 C o r o n a r y P r i m a r y P r e v e n t i o n Trial 143

The National Institutes of Health goes into high gear 143
Birth of the Lipid Research Clinics 143
Designing the trial 145
The candidate drugs 146
The final study design 147
Potential ethical problems associated with the placebo group 148
The trials and tribulations of the CPPT trial directors 149
The CPPT comes in with the proof 150
Reception by the profession and by the press 153
The nature of the criticisms 154
The 1984 NIH Consensus Development Conference
on lowering Blood Cholesterol to prevent Heart Disease 155
How the NIH Consensus Conferences work 156
Members of the Panel and the Panel's charge 157
Speakers at the symposium and their topics 157
The Consensus Conference as pressure cooker 160
Reception by the profession and the press 162
The position of the Food and Drug Administration 164
The National Cholesterol Education Program 165
Where we stood in 1985 166
Notes 167
References 168

Chapter 8. Inhibition of Cholesterol Biosynthesis, the Discovery

of the Statins, a n d a R e v o l u t i o n in Preventive C a r d i o l o g y 171
Lowering plasma cholesterol levels by inhibiting endogenous
cholesterol biosynthesis 171
Contents ix

The MER/29 (triparanol) scandal: a setback in the quest for

drugs inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis 172
Impact of the triparanol debacle on the war against cholesterol 173
The birth of the statins: Akira Endo 174
The early clinical trials of compactin 176
An instructive footnote to the discovery of the statins 177
Merck enters the race: Alfred W. Alberts and P. Roy Vagelos 178
How we almost lost the statins 180
The implications if lovastatin had been dropped 182
Was compactin indeed carcinogenic? 183
The miraculous power of the statins to prevent heart attacks
and save lives 184
Women 186
The elderly 186
Patients with near-normal LDL levels 187
Diabetics 188
What can we expect in the future with the statins? 188
Notes 190
References 190

Chapter 9. Summing up 195

The long, uphill road for the lipid hypothesis 195
Why did the controversy last so long? 195
Some thoughts on hypothesis testing 197
Have we gone as far as we can go with LDL lowering? 198
Statins for everyone? 199
New preventive measures on the horizon 200
A bold proposal for a long-term approach to controlling hyper-
cholesterolemia in the United States and other developed
countries 201
Note 203
References 203

Appendix. Frequently cited criticisms 205

"Lowering cholesterol levels with drugs may be dangerous" 205
"Having an innately low cholesterol level is dangerous" 206
"Dietary fat intake is irrelevant to coronary heart disease risk" 208
"Dietary cholesterol intake is irrelevant to coronary
heart disease risk" 209
"Most heart attacks occur in people with normal cholesterol levels" 210
"Blood cholesterol level doesn't matter any longer in old age" 210
"Not all scientists accept the lipid hypothesis" 210
x Contents

"Atherosclerosis in rabbits and other animal models has no

relevance to the human disease" 211
"Lowering your blood cholesterol level will not increase
your longevity" 211
References 211

Glossary 215
Index 221
 FOREWORD

The bravest are surely those who have the clearest vision of what is before them.
Thucydides, - 4 0 4 BC

The tradition of chronicling wars while they are being fought was initiated
in the 5th century BC with the description of the Peloponnesian Wars by
Thucydides, a general in the Athenian army. That noble tradition is extended
in elegant fashion in this book by Daniel Steinberg, a general in the Cholesterol
Wars. The Cholesterol Wars began nearly 100 years ago in Russia when a
young pathologist, Nikolai Anitschkow, fed cholesterol to rabbits and pro-
duced atherosclerosis of the arteries. This experiment and subsequent epi-
demiologic studies triggered a passionate debate as to whether cholesterol is
the root cause of human atherosclerosis, the disease process that underlies
heart attacks and strokes. The stakes were high. Throughout the 20th century,
while the cholesterol battles were raging, more people were dying of athero-
sclerosis than were killed in military combat.
Although the Cholesterol Wars are not over, major battles have been won by
the anti-cholesterol forces, i.e. those who condemn cholesterol as the culprit.
Like modern armies, the anti-cholesterol forces have been aided by powerful
new weapons: (1) profound insights into the mechanisms by which lipoproteins
such as low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL)
transport cholesterol in the blood; (2) unmasking of the regulatory mechanisms
that control these processes; (3) molecular delineation of genetic factors that ele-
vate blood LDL-cholesterol and accelerate atherosclerosis; and (4) development
of relatively safe and effective drugs that lower LDL-cholesterol and reduce
heart attacks. Steinberg replays all of these battles in succinct and compelling
fashion. He names the protagonists and the antagonists. He supplies delicious
quotations from skeptics of the "cholesterol hypothesis". He quotes an eminent
British epidemiologist who described English skepticism as follows: "Cholesterol
xii Foreword

was something that Americans had; it definitely wasn't British. Anyone who
talked about cholesterol was obviously suffering from American-style hypochon-
dria." (see p. 8). The speaker was characterizing attitudes as recent as the
1990s.
While these battles were being fought, public health authorities in the U.S.,
U.K., and elsewhere hesitated to make the general recommendation of aggres-
sive cholesterol lowering to society as a whole. This inexplicable delay resulted
in widespread public confusion and cost many thousands of lives. For the anti-
cholesterol forces, it is still too early to declare "mission accomplished". Although
mortality from heart attacks and strokes has been reduced, these catastrophes
are still major killers.
Where is the next battleground? We agree with Steinberg that the next bat-
tle will be fought over the issue of when to start LDL-lowering therapy. All of
the epidemiologic data suggests that "the earlier the better" (see Chapter 9).
This conclusion has been reinforced recently with the discovery of a common
genetic trait in African-Americans that lowers blood LDL-cholesterol levels by
only 28 percent throughout life, yet leads to an 88 percent reduction in coro-
nary heart disease in the sixth and seventh decades despite contributory "risk
factors" that include hypertension and diabetes. This 88 percent reduction in
coronary events is much greater than the 30-40 percent reduction that is
attained when LDL-cholesterol levels are lowered by diet or drugs that are
started many years after the atherosclerotic process has developed.
Autopsy studies, such as those on young men who died in the Korean War,
have documented that the earliest hallmarks of atherosclerosis begin before
20 years of age. While few would suggest aggressive LDL lowering for most
teenagers, there must be a time between age 20 and 40 when it is appropriate to
begin careful attention to plasma LDL-cholesterol in everyone. The standard
intervention is a low-cholesterol, low-fat diet that is relatively rich in polyunsat-
urated fatty acids. When consumed faithfully over a lifetime, as it was in China
and Japan before recent times, such diets lower plasma LDL-cholesterol suffi-
ciently to reduce the incidence of heart attacks by more than 90 percent. Yet,
as Steinberg suggests, it would take decades to change the dietary habits of
Americans sufficiently to make such an impact. Moreover, the economic and
social consequences would be great. Thus, it is likely that we will see more wide-
spread use of LDL-lowering drugs such as statins and cholesterol absorption
inhibitors. All evidence predicts that these drugs would lower markedly the
heart attack burden if they were started early enough. Yet, as Steinberg docu-
ments, the remaining skeptics still challenge the wisdom of such widespread use.
When a scholarly book like this one is published, the question always arises
as to who should read it. In our opinion, The Cholesterol Wars: The Cholesterol
Skeptics vs. the Preponderance of Evidence should certainly be read by anyone
who is in a position to influence public policy toward health issues. It should
Foreword xiii

also be read by all physicians who care for patients at risk for heart disease or
stroke. Finally, it should be read by members of the general public who are
puzzled by the conflicting claims about cholesterol that continue to be made.
Armed with the facts outlined in this book, any individual will be fully
equipped to stake out an informed position in the next Cholesterol War.

Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas, USA
 PREFACE

The thesis of this book is that the importance of hypercholesterolemia in

human atherosclerosis should have been and could have been appreciated
decades earlier than it was. The opportunities that were missed and the findings
that went unappreciated because of preconceived mindsets are reviewed and
analyzed. The history of the controversy is intrinsically of interest. In addition,
there may be lessons to be learned from that history that could provide guidance
in dealing with controversies yet to come.
This book is largely confined to the key events that ultimately established
dyslipidemia (elevated blood levels of low density lipoprotein or/and low blood
levels of high density lipoprotein) as causative in atherosclerosis. Of course,
many factors in addition to dyslipidemia contribute to the atherogenic process
and help determine when and how aggressively it will express itself clinically.
Cigarette smoking, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and family history are
among the critical ones. No attempt is made here to deal with these in any detail
except as they bear on the evolution of the lipid hypothesis. That should not in
any way be taken as a comment on their importance. They are also critically
important. Nor does this book attempt to present a broad review of atherogene-
sis research or of lipid and lipoprotein research, again, except as they fed into
the development and validation of the lipid hypothesis. The book is primarily
an inquiry into how, after much controversy, cholesterol and lipoproteins were
indicted, tried, and ultimately found guilty as major contributors to the devel-
opment of the atherosclerotic lesion and its clinical consequences.
Having started my medical training in 1941 and having done research relating
to atherosclerosis for more than 40 years, ! have lived through the "cholesterol
wars" myself- and have a few scars to show for it. In addition to carrying on my
own clinical and laboratory research programs, I have always tried to do my part
in national cooperative programs and policy-making committees. Specifically,
the reader should know that I have been actively involved in both the research

XV
xvi Preface

and the public policy developments on the cholesterol front. I was chairman of
the committee that designed the landmark clinical trial that, in 1984, demon-
strated that lowering blood cholesterol levels with cholestyramine significantly
decreased coronary heart disease risk (the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary
Primary Prevention Trial) (1-3). I was also chairman of the 1984 Consensus
Conference on Lowering Blood Cholesterol to Prevent Heart Attacks, sponsored
by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (4)and a member of the first Expert
Panel asked by the National Cholesterol Education Program to issue guidelines
for managing high blood cholesterol (5). On the positive side, this involvement
means that I know first hand much of the scientific background and many of the
players involved in this history. On the negative side, my close involvement with
the events as they unfolded could have led to biases that help shape how I tell the
history. I have tried my best to be objective but that is sometimes hard for war-
riors and I may not always have been successful. For errors, omissions, or imbal-
ances that have crept in I apologize in advance.
Portions of this book first appeared in five excerpts published as invited
reviews in the Journal of Lipid Research, a publication of the American Society
for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (6-10). The author is deeply indebted
to the editors, Edward A. Dennis and Joseph L. Witztum, for inviting those
reviews and to the Society for generously giving copyright permission for the
inclusion of some of that material in this book.
The intended primary audience for the book is the biomedical community.
However, there may be material here of interest to people in other fields. For
that reason a glossary is appended that may be helpful to them.
This book might never have been written if Irvine H. Page had not suggested
it to me almost 20 years ago. He wrote me a note shortly before his death in
1991, saying in essence that it was my duty "to write the history- so that peo-
ple will remember the uphill battle it was to gain acceptance of the lipid hypoth-
esis." Page was one of the first cardiologists to recognize the plausibility of the
hypothesis and to champion efforts to prove it at the clinical level (11;12). He
and his long-time collaborator, Lena A. Lewis, published, in 1969, an article
with the ingenuous title: "A long-time study of the blood lipids of two students
of atherosclerosis" (13). In it he reveals that he himself had a total blood choles-
terol over 300 mg/dl when untreated. With a diet low in saturated fat and high
in polyunsaturated fat he managed to keep his cholesterol level between 230
and 270 mg/dl, which is not bad, but would hardly be considered satisfactory
treatment by today's standards. He had a strong family history of cardiovascular
disease on his father's side and, in June 1967, he had a myocardial infarction. He
died 24 years later, 5 months after his 90th birthday. Whether that was because
of his diet or in spite of it, we will never know. In one of his many charming
discourses on the subject of atherosclerosis he acknowledged that the lipid
hypothesis was at that time (late 1960s) not yet solidly proved. He went on,
Preface xvii

however, to say that he personally was following a heart-healthy diet a n y w a y -

because he "didn't want to be the smartest man in the cemetery." Irv, thanks for
your mandate to write the history.

REFERENCES

1. Steinberg, D. 1975. Planning the type II coronary primary prevention trial of the lipid research
clinics (U.S.A.). Adv Exp Med Biol 63:417-426.
2. 1984. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results. I. Reduction in
incidence of coronary heart disease..AMA 251:351-364.
3. 1984. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results. II. The relation-
ship of reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease to cholesterol lowering. JAMA
251:365-374.
4. 1985. Consensus conference. Lowering blood cholesterol to prevent heart disease. JAMA
253:2080-2086.
5. 1988. Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection,
Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. The Expert Panel. Arch Intern
Med 148:36-69.
6. Steinberg, D. 2004. An interpretive history of the cholesterol controversy, Part I. J Lipid Res
45:1583-1593.
7. Steinberg, D. 2005. An interpretive history of the cholesterol controversy, Part II: The early
evidence linking blood cholesterol to coronary disease in humans. J Lipid Res 46:179-190.
8. Steinberg, D. 2005. An interpretive history of the cholesterol controversy, Part III:
Mechanistically defining the role of hyperlipidemia in the pathogenesis. J Lipid Res
46:2037-2051.
9. Steinberg, D. 2006. An interpretive history of the cholesterol controversy, Part IV: The 1984
Coronary Primary Prevention Trial ends it - almost.. Lipid Res 47:1-14.
10. Steinberg, D. 2006. An interpretive history of the cholesterol controversy, Part V: The discov-
ery of the statins and the end of the controversy. J Lipid Res 47:1339-1351.
11. Page, I.H., Stare, EJ., Corcoran, A.C., Pollack, H., and Wilkinson, C.E, Jr. 1957. Athero-
sclerosis and the fat content of the diet. Circulation 16:163-178.
12. Page, I.H. 1968. Atherosclerosis. A personal overview. Circulation 38:1164-1172.
13. Page, I.H. and Lewis, L.A. 1969. A long-time study of the blood lipids of two students of ath-
erosclerosis. Circulation 40:915-918.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I have enjoyed unstintingly generous cooperation and advice from every

single colleague I turned to during the preparation of this history ... and they
were many. My thanks to each and every one of them.
Special thanks go to some of the major players in the history who made
themselves available for interviews either in person, by telephone or in corre-
spondence. They included:

Albert W. Alberts
Michael S. Brown
James Cleeman
Barry Collins
Akira Endo
Donald S. Fredrickson
John W. Gofman
Joseph L. Goldstein
Anatoli Klimov
Claude Lenfant
David G. Orloff
Sir Richard Peto
Basil Rifkind
Solomon Sobel
P. Roy Vagelos
Joseph L. Witztum.

All of those on the list above kindly critiqued at least the sections of the book
in their areas of expertise. A number of other people in the field also took

xix
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
4.12.1846 9.27.1855 10.3.1873 10.15.1862 7. .1810 10.30. 1836
11.19.1839 1.1.1845 11.11.1846 3. .1810 9.13.1879 5.21.1817
9.30.1868 9. 10. 1838
 208 SIXTH GENERATION - LINE C OF JAMES Continued . .
Lydia md George Gardner s of Stephen (twin) Anna md - Leonard s
of Jos. his 2w 2nd wife Sarah Hussey d of John of Guilford Co. , N .C
. 7.29.1812 43 George Fox md Lydia Jessup, 6.21.1837 Benj. (by 1st
w Mary) md Hannah Osborne 36 Seth (by 1st w Mary) md Elizabeth
Phebe md Wm. Pike & Jesse Weasner and David Swain Ruth md
David Swain 34 ADAM COFFIN s of Benj. & Eliz. 23 md Anna Barnard
d of Francis & Catharine, 2. 16. 1792 Catharine md John Hunt s of
John ) 37 Benjamin md Hannah Stanton, b 1794 d of James & Mary
) Elizabeth md John Stanton s of James & Mary ) Jemima md
Samuel Stanton s of Wm. & Catharine his 1 w) Anna ) 41 Moses md
40 Francis md Susanna Stanton d of James & Mary 2nd w Margaret
ww of Sylvanus Folger & d of Daniel Russell This family moved to
Cincinnati, Ohio in 1814 (apparently not Quakers in Cincinnati 35
ISAIAH COFFIN s of Micajah & Abigail 24 md d. Nantucket Sally
Folger d of Christopher & Abigail 3.29. 1780 Mary 46 Cyrus md
Abigail Butler d of Rev. Zebulon & Anna, 3. 17. 1802 Left leg broken
7.8. 1796, amputated 7.23. 1796 47 Jared md Hepsabeth Swain d of
Abisha & Jedida d. Boston Franklin 49 Benjamin F. md Hepsabeth
Paddack d of Jos. & Amy, 8.9.1810 died, from bite of a spider 50
Moses md Judith Smith d of John & Hepsabeth, before 1818 Sarah -
died single at Nantucket 51 Reuben md Polly Swain d of Jonathan &
Hepsabeth, 1.27.1820 died at North Vernon, Indiana Frederick
Frederick F. Eliza md Thos. F. Foster of N.Y. also Wm. Brown of N.Y.
Emma 52 Christopher F. md Alice Gibson of N . Y. , 7.1. 1830 Sally,
ww of Isaiah also md Oliver Martin in Cincinnati 36 GILBERT COFFIN
s of Micajah & Abigail 24 md Phebe Barnard d of Wm. & Mary 53
Paul md Priscilla Gardner d of Nath'l & Anna 54 William Barnard md
Deborah Swain d of John & Mary also Lydia Chadwick ww of John &
d of Benj. & Lydia Barnard also Lucy Macy ww of John R. & d of
Thos. H. & Deborah Swain also Mary Nye ww of Maltiah & d of Rich.
Worth Walter - died single in insane asylum in Pa. 3.9. 55 Thomas
md Margaret Paddack d of Nath'l & Deborah, 8. 28. 'll 7.19. 56 Obed
md Ann Swift d of Benj. & Eliz. 2.24. Mary B. md Thos. M. Macy s of
Francis & Hannah d. Boston 5.3. 2nd wife Phebe Jenkins ww of
Charles & d of Barn's Gardner Bom Died 3.19.1786 11.28.1833
1.30.1800 1.24.1875 10.14.1837 3.20.1814 11.1.1783 2.23.1870
4.15.1791 8.14.1866 4.17.1796 8.14.1852 5.8.1767 10. .1840
1.17.1770 12.19.1829 Five Children bom 1822 - 1833 3.8.1800
2.16.1843 7.3.1764 9.4.1833 9.11.1757 4.17.1813 6.28.1761
9.14.1822 12.23.1780 3.13.1781 3.14.1782 5.6.1869 5.9.1784
5.25.1860 7.2.1786 7.24.1787 5.29.1789 6.24.1818 12.13.1791
3.11.1866 2.2.1794 11.11.1810 10.2.1796 2.12.1868 7.4. 1799
7.25.1799 5.29.1800 1.11.1801 8.28.1801 5.18.1838 10.8. 1803
10.31.1803 4.25.1806 4.15.18 75 8.1.1759 11.19.1843 12.28.1763
2.11.1839 1.12.1784 9.16.1863 8.21.1781 11.30.1867 1787 8. .1814
1789 8.26.1868 1793 5.14.1854 1799 12.29.1873 12.31.1846
 209 SIXTH GENERATION - LINE C OF JAMES 37 ZENAS
COFFIN s of Micajah & Abigail 24, Merchant & Sea Capt., Nant. md
Abial Gardner d of Dan'l & Provided, 9.28. 1786 Eunice md Thos.
Macy s of Obed & Abigail his 2w Charles Lydia md Matthew Crosby s
of Sylv's & Hulda his 1st w Frederick Mary md Henry Swift s of Henry
& Agnes of Boston 57 Charles G. md Eliza McArthur d of Arthur &
Eliz. 1 .23. 1824 also md Susan Macy ww of Reuben & d of John &
Maria Folger, 6. 18. 1858 Frederick G. drowned in the harbor by
upsetting of sailboat 53 Henry md Eliza Starbuck d of Levia & Eliz.
11. 14. 1833 38 WILLIAM GAYER COFFIN s of Paul & Ruth 31, md d.
California Anna Bunker d of Thos. & Mary 2 w Lucretia Hosier d of
Wm. - no child 3 w Phebe ww of Edw. Hills & d of Elial Coffin Martha
W. md Thos. Edmonds of Providence 1862 4 w Betsey Swain d of
Franklin & Anna - no child 5 w Lydia Carey d of Edw. & Abigail - no
child - 9.30. 1846 39 BENJAMIN COFFIN s of Abraham & Hannah 32
md Christianna Patterson 12.20.1806 Margaret Julia Sophia Hannah
John Eleanor Maria Charlotte Annabella Benjamin 61 Abraham md
Annabella Armett Emily Henrietta 40 ABRAHAM COFFIN s of
Abraham & Hannah 32 of Gaspe, Can. md Annabella Boyle
11.8.1812 Margaret Boyle Frederick James Eliza Ann Felix William
Jane Ellen Douglas 62 George Stewart md Jane Bechervaise,
5.13.1856 Henry Thomas Abraham 41 PHILIP COFFIN s of Abraham
& Hannah 32, Gaspe, P.Q. md Margaret McCray, 12.11.1817 Sarah
Hannah md Abraham Coffin Alexander Jane md Thos. Suddard
George William - unmarried 67 Philip John md Susan Garret,
11.27.1865 Frederick James md Theresa Cunning, 11.8. 1859 - no
child Continued . . . Bom 6.3.1764 9.7.1764 3.13.1788 3.23.1790
2.16.1793 6.28.1796 2.15.1799 10.23. 1801 2.14.1805 2.14.1804
3.17.1807 6.20.1791 2.15.1796 2.19.1799 4.17.1798 I. 20.1842
6.2.1800 11.10.1798 4.21.1780 4.6. 1785 9.24.1807 7.8.1809
8.3.1812 2.11.1815 10.10.1817 4.10.1820 9.23.1822 9.17.1825
6.14.1829 10.13.1789 2.18.1795 5.27.1814 5.30.1817 2.14.1819
12.7.1823 4.3.1826 1.2.1829 3.29.1833 II. 7.1836 4.7.1821
5.28.1792 10.1.1818 12.22.1820 8.5.1823 4.24.1826 9.16.1828
3.4.1831 Died 7.8.1828 3.4.1856 5.12.1843 7.8.1798 7.13.1823
7.12.1798 7.2.1827 4.13.1882 11.2.1879 7.6.1817 6.19.1851
7.6.1817 1841 6.6.1844 6.24.1846 8.4.1873 12.8.1870 4.13.1867
2.26.1852 10.4.1841 8.4.1871 10.8.1845 2.15.1869
 210 SIXTH GENERATION - LINE C OF JAMES Continued . . .
Bom Margaret Theresa 9.11.1833 Thomas Abraham 6.9.1 836
Benjamin 12.15.1838 66 Edward md Martha Mull in, 8.8.1871
6.30.1840 42 ALFRED COFFIN s of Abner & Eliz. 34 md died at sea
Peggy Chase d of Jos. & Rebecca, 1805 Rowland was killed at the
mutiny on board ship Globe Betsey - died single (Elizabeth Jane)
Mary Ann - died single Peggy also md Henry Riddell s of Sam'l. by
his 2w 43 GORHAM COFFIN s of Abner & Eliz. 34, Ship Master &
Merchant, Nant. md Rebecca Mitchell d of Christopher & Jemima,
8.25. 1808 Eliza Mitchell md Sam'l B. Romaine of N.Y. his Iw 9. '32
Eliza died in Texas Stephen Gorham - died single at sea Harriet md
Sam'l S. Salisbury his Iw 60 Andrew Gardner md Eliz. M. Sherwood d
of Isaac of N.Y., 5.12.1841, also Sarah Pearson of N.Y. Lydia Mitchell
md Thos. S. Mitchell s of Thos. & Lucy Phebe Folgermd Julius A.
Pratt s of Cornelius Hinkley 59 Alfred md Li 1 1 ias Marcus d of Rev.
Moses d. Seneca, Mo. Arthur md a Spanish lady in Cal., d. Gem City,
Oregon Mary Ann md James C. Mitchell s of Thos. & Lucy 2nd wife
Susan Coleman ww of Job & d of David Hussey - no child 5.4. 1780
10.18.1784 2.9.1806 6.22.1808 12.27.1809 I. 25.1785 2.25.1788
6.22.1809 10.23.1811 8.27.1814 9.4.1816 3.4.1818 3.2.1820
5.31.1821 II. 7.1826 9.30.1828 4.1.1788 44 JOHN FOSTER COFFIN s
of Isaac & Margaret 35, lived in Brooklyn, 1.14.1797 md Lydia
Cartwright, 3.3. 1818, d of Benj. & Abigail Joseph Warren Andrew J.
Mary Caroline George W. Charles C . Roland Julius Augustus 2nd w
Eliza Hatch of Hudson, 10.9. 1848 Edwin Augustus Amelia Frances
md John M. Wilson, 6.4.1871 John F. md Marguerite Meldrum s
Foster Meldrum b 4.30.1890 Eliz. H. 4.6.1819 5.24.1821 5.13.1823
7.7.1826 7.27.1828 2.25.1831 12.21.1832 6.21.1835 12.22.1849
2.11.1851 2.26.1855 3.12.1856 45 ROBERT COFFIN s of Nath'l & 2w
Priscilla 26 md Mary Coffin d of Jonathan & Abigail 63 George W. md
Phebe Ann Barnard d of Henry & Love also Emeline Cartwright ww
of Jos. Jr. d of Libni Barnard 2.28.1776 5.8.1782 10.3.1804 46
DANIEL COFFIN s of Nath 'I .& 2w Priscilla 26 see Capt's List
11.13.1778 md Merib Macy d of Shubael - no child 47 ELIHU
COFFIN, Capt. b & d on Nant. s of Nat'l & 2w Priscilla 26 4.24. 1787
md Sarah Austin d of Benj. & Lydia 5.7.1792 Charlotte md Benj. Field
of R.I., no child, md 4. .1832 4.16.1813 Continued . . . Died
10.21.1872 12.31.1867 (4.20.18387)7 10. .1810 9.5.1865 2. .1824
11.26.1826 11.23.1823 12.18.1849 2.20.1842 1858 9.30.1830
5.25.1848 1.10.1854 10.14.1867 2.26.1880 12.21.1872 8.1.1850
5.5.1875 11.13.1878 12.27.1827 6.26.1825 9.13.1827 12.1.1850
4.22.1834 1.18.1836 8.25.1850 3.28.1856 6.13.1857 8.19.1864
11.14.1838 4.20.1850 9.18.1874 8.3.1868 10.10.1873
 211 SIXTH GENERATION - LINE C OF JAMES Continued . .
Lydia A. md Valentine O. Holmes s of Bartlett, of Cape Cod, md 7. .
1834 Mary md Braddock R. Childs of Falmouth, 8. 18. 1839 64
Edward A. md Deborah Russell d of Peter & Lydia 2. . 1852 Born 3.
10. 1815 11.5.1816 6. 15.1825 48 GAYER COFFIN s of Sheffield &
Eliz. 27 md Nancy Fellows Commanded Whaler Herald of New
Bedford Dist. 1808 & Nant. Whalers Samuel, 1815-17 and Leander
1819 49 ARIEL COFFIN s of Sam'l & Eunice 28 md 2.6. 1775 Priscilla
Fosdick d of Benj. & Mary, 9. . 1797 2.3.1776 Eunice md Wm.
Pitman s of Chas. & Susan 11.22.1803 Emma md Edwin Barnasel s
of Thos. & Eunice 8.8. 1805 2nd w Judith Coffin d of Benj. & Judith,
md 1 . 12. 1823 8. 1 . 1784 50 ALEXANDER COFFIN s of Sam'l &
Eunice 28 md d. Ravenna, O. 8.22.1790 Lydia Myrick d of Peter &
Merib 11.19. 1791 Lydia md Chas. H. Clark s of Lemuel & Jerusha his
Iw 5. 15. 1814 Mary md James B. Coffin s of Wm. B. & Deborah 10.
15. 1816 65 Alexander G . md Caroline Turner d of Benj . & Rhoda
2.6. 1 842 5.17.1821 Elizabeth M. - died single 1825 Charles
Frederick - died single 51 REUBEN F. COFFIN s of Sam'l & Eunice 28
md 3.18.1793 Susan Barnard d of Wm. & Eliz. 7.31.1817 10.6.1795
Sarah B. md Stephen Arthur s of Frederick & Mary also md 9. 18.
1820 Wm. Wood of New Bedford, his 2w 69 Peter F. md Emily Jane
Macy d of Dan ll F. & Mary 9. 19. '58 11.4.1823 John G. - married, in
Taunton 11.10.1831 52 JOHN GAYER COFF IN s of Samuel & Eunice
28 died at sea on 8.11.1795 ship Ontario md Rebecca Joy d of Obed
& Anna 9.21.1820 11.29.1798 70 Benjamin Joy md Eliz. Paddack d
of Geo. & Lydia 3. 18. 1843 7.31.1821 Keziah Joy 3.16.1825 Mary
Abby md Geo. R. Simpson s of Wm. & Sally 3.3. 1828 Rebecca also
md Jos. H. Nickerson and had 2 children, Chas. & Francis ABRAHAM
COFFIN s of Matthew & Matilda 36, moved West 1814 md Lydia
Bunker d of Nath 'I & Anna Mary B. Lydia L. 1.15.1785 10.11.1789
2.10.1807 10.11.1808 Died 5.29. 1855 8, 17. 1873 5.27. 1861
12.30.1820 12.2.1863 6.26.1871 12.7. 1870 3.8.1876 11.28.1839
1844 8.1.1850 1.24.1874 7.15.1831 53
 212 SIXTH GENERATION - LINE C OF JAMES Bom Died 54
GEORGE COFFIN s of Matthew & Matilda 36, lived Brownsville,
9.4.1783 11.2.1849 Pennsylvania md Hannah Rhodes 3. .1822
7.29.1799 4.10.1870 Martha 5.23.1823 Matilda R. md Jos. H. Sheets,
4.19.1843 10.5.1825 Matthew 6.17.1728 9.30.1829 Sarah Jane md
Thos. B. Murphy 10.23.1851 11.7.1830 Hannah M. 8.29.1832
Rebecca 12.1.1838 2.27.1881 55 MATTHEW COFFIN s of Matthew &
Matilda 36, moved Brownsville, 4.28.1787 Pennsylvania 1814 md
Anna Bunker d of Wm. & Mary 2. 12. 1808 12.11, 1791 71 William
md Mary Reynolds d of James & Eliz. 5.28. 1833 8.19.1809 72
George W. md Amelia Misener 11.17.1814 Mary Ann md John
Sedgwick 2.19.1818 74 Dennis H. B. md Naomi McKee - no child
1.28. 1845 10.22.1820 Matilda md John Fickey 11.21.1841
2.13.1823 75 Wesley - unmarried - killed in Fed. Army, Vicksburg,
Miss. 10.24.1832 1863 76 Joseph Henry md Eliza Maltby 2.9.1826
Sarah Hall 10.23.1811 1.23.1812 Susan 3.24.1813 10.7.1813 Harriet
12.31.1828 A sea Capt. bom at- Nantucket - died at sea 56 WILLIAM
ELISHA COFFIN s of Matthew & Matilda 36 md Sarah Hall of London,
England 11.26.1779 George Matilda md - Bigendon a Surgeon of
London 68 William Hall md Julia Ann Maria Puck 6.22.1805 57 HON.
BENJAMIN COFFIN s of Barnabas & Abigail 39 md 7.5.1768
5.17.1816 Mary Paddack d of Silas & Hepsabeth 9.6.1767 2. .1845
George F. - an idiot 8.9.1804 5.13.1828 80 Benjamin F. md Eliz.
Bessy 12.10.1806 8.23.1881 Eliza 5.24.1818 William 8.20.1821 58
DANIEL COFFIN s of Barnabas & Abigail 39 md 8.22.1754 11.5.1839
Hulda Bunker d of Batchelder & Bethia, 7. . 1784 3.1.1760 1.29.1844
Eunice md Frederick Hoeg s of Abraham, 1806 1.20.1789
10.29.1876 79 Barnabas md Mary Starbuck d of David & Phebe
5.21.1812 4.19.1791 5.12.1870 Peter Folger - died single 3.7.1793
10. .1806 Mary - single - she was burnt 12.16.1796 12.24.1874 John
H. died single at sea 9.2.1798 10.21.1821 Lydia - died in infancy
1801 George B. - died in infancy 1803 59 MARGARET COFFIN d of
Barnabas & Abigail 39 -unmarried 85 Gideon md twice, 5 children by
1st w, 4 by 2nd 1.30.1751 9.7.1822 60 CHRISTOPHER COFFIN s of
Richard & Mary 40 md 1758 11. . 1785 Abigail Coleman d of Enoch
& Mary 9.28.1761 2.21.1844 Abial md Paul Coleman s of Matthew &
Hannah 7.22.1785 2.5.1843
 SIXTH GENERATION LINE C OF JAMES 61 LABAN COFFIN s
of Rich. & Mary 40, moved to N. Bedford, died at the Western Island
md Phebe Bunker d of Chas. & Mary 2w Abigail Tobey of N. Bedford
John S. Andrew S. Mary md - Robinson, also Nath'l Clark, lived in
Plymouth Phebe md Robert Ingraham of N. Bedford Lydia md Chas.
A. Clark s of Thaddeus & Eliz. his lw Sally md - Akins and lived in
Fairhaven Eliza - died single at the Asylum Born 11.15.1764
10.8.1763 8.7.1766 8.6.1793 7.19.1795 2.15.1797 1.18.1799
1.14.1801 3.6.1804 3.5.1806 62 CHARLES COFFIN s of Rich. & Mary
40 md Miriam Parker ww of Timothy, d of Francis & Naomi Chase 73
Charles G. md Theodosia Van Orden of Nova Scotia d.N.Y. Sally G.
md Oliver Chadwick of Sandwich, also Benjamin Swain s of Franklin
& Anna George S. md Sarah Fisher of Marthas Vineyard 77 Francis C.
md Emeline Wyer d of Timothy & Sally 9.9. 1827 Lydia md Benjamin
Fuller of Westport Susan md Henry Swain s of Franklin & Anna
2.17.1769 9.15.1771 9.3.1793 12.18.1797 4.21.1801 6.30.1803
11.7.1805 3.1.1809 63 FRANCIS COFFIN s of Francis & Ann 41
moved Conn . 1820 md 10. .1767 Lydia Gardner d of Ben j. & Abigail
8.9.1775 Richard - married 8.5.1800 William G. 3.29.1803 Phebe
10.23.1805 64 SYLVANUS COFFIN s of Sylvanus & Eliz. 42 md killed
by whale Judith Macy d of Barzillai & Eliz. Eliza - died single Sarah
md Russell Bodfish of Falmouth d. San Francisco 9.9.1783
12.17.1787 11.13. 1807 1.15.1810 65 Sea Capt., moved to Ohio,
died at Gallipolis DAVID COFFIN s of John & Eliz. 44 md Judith
Jenkins d of Tristram & Anna 2w Esther Barlow d of Sam'l & Betsey
1.1. 1828 Elizabeth Fanny H. md Alfred F. Henking s of Henry &
Wilhelmina 9. '53 Jane - married Matillus C. 12.15.1783 11.28.1777
2.1.1801 7.9.1830 1.30.1831 7.7.1830 66 DANIEL G. COFFIN s of
John & Eliz. 44 md moved to Maine 3.25.1789 Mary Gardner d of
Peleg & Hepsabeth d. Maine 8.15.1794 Harriet md Prince Lewis of
Maine 2w Ann Coffin d of Robt. & Anna d. Maine 7.4.1811 67
GEORGE COFFIN of Nant. s of John & Eliz. 44 md 5.8. 1787 Nancy
Stubbs d of James & Rebecca 6.27. 1809 6.3. 1790 84 Obed Mayo
md Caroline T. Marshall of Baltimore 3.14.1844 4.4.1811 Settled in
Baltimore Lydia md Wm. B. Gardner s of Sam'l & Eliz. his lw
10.20.1813 2w Sally Colder d of Josiah & Merib 3.28. 1816 6.20.
1788 86 Samuel C. md Sarah B. Nye d of Geo. W. & Eunice 6.5.
1818 Continued . . . Died 1814 6. .1787 8. .1857 10.25.1840
2.12.1829 7.29.1834 1.22.1852 8.4.1839 12.26.1871 11.8.1855
11.11.1879 4. .1805 10.20.1809 3. .1813 1. .1829 12.10.1835
4.2.1873 8.15.1833 5.9.1837 4.5.1849 6.22.1852 2.12.1865
3.4.1867 5.5.1814 3.15.1865 7.7.1835 3.1.1881
 214 SIXTH GENERATION - LINE C OF JAMES Continued . . .
Bom Charlotte md Wm. B. Gardner s of Sam'l & Eliz. his 2w 1 .5,
1820 87 John Folger md Martha Meader d of Sam'l & Mary d. S.F.
4.15. 1823 George Henry - drowned 2.4.1825 88 William Lindley md
Ann Amelia Gardner d of Isaac & Ann, 2.28.1830 1.12.1854 68
ZEBULON COFFIN s of Prince & Mary 45 md Betsey Brown 78 David
Newell Brown md Hannah Hayward 5.15.1795 69 FRANCIS COFFIN s
of Peleg & Eliz. 46 md see Capt's list 1752 Hepsabeth Swain d of
Reuben & Hannah Theodate md Chas. Wheeler, also - Jeweler
Francis - died single abroad - see Capt's list Reuben - died single
abroad - see Capt's list Hepsabeth md Joel Bames & George A.
Stockman & Sam'l Rice 6.9.1784 Eliza md Henry Douglas 7.3.1797
Charles G. md Susan ww of Jos. Holmes & d of David Hall 2w Lydia
Bunker ww of Peleg & d of Uriah & Judith Gardner, 1807 70 JARED
COFFIN s of Peleg & Eliz. 46 md lived in Hudson 1754 Eunice
Barnard d of Jos. & Mary Elizabeth md Wm. G. Hubbell of Hudson
Eunice - died single 82 Frederick J. md Charlotte Green Robert - died
single George - murdered in Batavia, aged 31 yrs 6 mos. 71 PELEG
COFFIN s of Peleg & Eliz. 46 md moved to Boston 1756 Eunice
Barker d of Josiah & Eliz. 1757 Mary md Dr. Peter Easton s of Peleg
of R. I. 8. 14. 1779 81 George W. md Mary W. Spooner of Boston
3.22. 1813 1 . 16. 1784 Elizabeth md Andrew Symmes - aged 25
1791 72 WILLIAM COFFIN s of Wm. & Jedida 47 md Deborah
Pinkham d of Jon 'n & Deborah Betsey md Elisha Starbuck s of Wm.
& Mary his Iw Lucy md Robt. Swain s of Francis, also Paul West, his
2w Rebecca md Henry Clapp Winifred md Elisha Starbuck s of Wm.
& Mary his 2w Fanny md Fitch Hall of Medford, Mass. - no child
Harriet md Cyrus Pierce of Waltham, he died 5.5. 1860 83 William
md Eliz. Hussey d of Peter & Mary 1. .1822 Martha md Sam'l H.
Jenks s of Sam'l & Polly his 4w Nancy md Eben Tallant of Pelham d.
Springfield, Mass. Commanded Nant. Whalers Perseveranda 1809,
Ocean 1811, N. America 1816 & Chili 1819 73 ABSALOM COFFIN s of
Obed & Phebe 48 md Mary Folger d of Paul & Catharine Emeline -
died single Robert Inot - died single at sea 89 Nathaniel F. md Lydia
Coffin d of Gideon & Mary 12. 16. 1756 2.2.1761 10.19.1782
2.23.1785 1.10.1787 2.12.1789 12.31.1790 6.26.1794 5.4.1798
4.21.1801 4. 16.1803 12.17.1768 7.12.1772 1.9.1800 11.11.1802
4.7.1806 Died 4.19.1871 8.5.1834 12.5.1875 6.7.1820 8.6.1799 7.
.1815 8.11. 1858 6.21.1880 4.14.1831 3. .1861 1860 1819 3.6.1825
3. 15. 1846 3.22.1864 4.26.1816 5.1.1835 9.19.1837 9.2.1817 4.
10.1871 8.21.1874 2.8.1839 5.19.1812 4.27.1838 7.6.1870 5. .1845
1.8.1854 3.20.1869 11.25.1860
 215 SIXTH GENERATION - LINE C OF JAMES 74 75 91
CROMWELL COFFIN of Nant. s of Obed & Phebe 48 md Mary Coffin
d of Eben'r & Mary on 7. 17. 1800 Judith md George Warren Nye s of
Meltiah & Hannah, 7.17. '20 Living 2. '82 Oliver C. md Henrietta Bolt
7. 12. 1838 also Martha Bolt, sisters 7.20.1845 Sarah md Obed G.
Coffin s of Valentine & Dinah 6. 15. 1838 Harriet md Cyrus F. Crosby,
also Josiah Ames of Augusta, Me. Living 2. ' 82 Joseph Cartwright
md Triphena of Cape Cod on 1.1. 1855 Mary C. died single Joseph
92 JESSE COFFIN, s of Obed & Phebe 48 md see Capt's list Phebe
Rawson d of Wilson & Ursula Eliza md John M. Gardner s of Grafton
& Abigail Susan md James Gwinn s of James & Polly - no child, also
md Owen Chase s of Judah his 4w George R. Charlotte Bom
11.2.1775 3.19.1781 5.24.1803 10.8.1812 8.18.1814 5.2.1817
4.9.1823 5.8.1825 2.26.1819 2.26.1778 9.21.1785 8.29.1802
8.25.1807 1797 4.22.1816 4.12.1820 76 CALEB COFFIN s of Obed &
Phebe 48 md Anna West d of Chas. & Hepsabeth 90 Charles West
md Sophia Sherman d of Nat'l & Hepsabeth, md 9.2.1832, died in
Maine Paul West - died single at sea Mary Ann - died aged 17 mos.
77 VALENTINE COFFIN s of Obed & Phebe 48 md Dinah Marchant d
of Eliz. & granddaughter of Benj. 93 Obed G. md Sarah Coffin d of
Cromwell & Mary, 6.17.1838, also Mrs. Mary E. Mackie, 3.28.1867
Simeon R. - died single 94 Stephen P. md Eliza Fish from the Cape
2w Judith Coffin d of Eben'r & Mary her 1st husband 78 ASA COFFIN
s of Obed & Phebe 48 md Phebe Morselander d of Cornelius &
Phebe Polly md Sylvanus Swain s of Uriah & Judith Nancy md John P.
Swain s of Uriah & Judith 95 George md Eliza Greenlow of Vassal
borough. Me. 96 Reuben M. md Rebecca Hayden d of Gorham &
Priscilla Eliza md William Chadwick s of Seth & Nancy Charlotte md
Sam'l Wyer s of Timothy & Sally 79 80 ABIJAH COFFIN s of Ebenezer
& Mary 50 md Priscilla Brock d of Thos. & Judith Nancy md George
C. Colesworthy s of Jon'n & Polly 6.5.1780 6.6.1786 10.14.1806
3.21.1819 9.23.1782 7.23.1787 12.10.1809 10.24.1818 12.16.1812
7.13.1816 11.6.1786 6.19.1785 5.14.1787 2.25.1808 10.9.1809
7.8.1812 2.25.1815 2.18.1820 4.18.1824 1773 2.9.1780 1801
HEZEDIAH COFFIN s of Ebenezer & Mary 50, sea Capt. d. Brooklyn
9.22.1785 md Sarah Russell d of John & Hepsabeth - no child to live
1787 2w Sarah Bunker d of Barnabas & Lydia d. Brooklyn 3.28.1795
Emily B. 9.5.1818 Charlotte md Chas. B. L 'Hommedieu s of Benj . ,
3.20.1845 11.8.1820 Continued . . . Died 4.17.1828 2.21.1875
10.26.1865 12.30.1841 9.13.1820 7.26.1859 12.24.1871 2.20.1870
11.10.1821 3.29.1852 1.16.1875 3.19.1868 4.19.1849 8.1.1821
6.30.1847 7.18.1830 1.5.1831 9.15.1859 2.22.1880 11.8.1866
9.20.1845 9.3.1862 8.29.1855 10.14.1813 1.20.1871 7.11.1852
 216 SIXTH GENERATION - LINE C OF JAMES Continued . . .
Bom Died Mary C . 4.17.1824 97 Rowland Folger md Eliz. R.
Starbuck d of Obed & Eunice 3.8.1826 Living 2. . 1882 Harriet M.
12.23.1836 Lydia B. 7.27.1828 1.14.1830 Sarah R. 7.30.1831
8.18.1831 81 ALEXANDER COFFIN s of Alexander & Eunice 51 md
11.17.1764 2.1.1836 Lydia Hussey d of Batchelder & Ann 1764
11.3.1811 Polly Lydia md Edw. B. Wyman of Charleston, S. C. 1796
1824 Alexander - died abroad 1793 1822 Maria md David D. Craig of
Freehold, N. J. 1791 Sally md Asher Taylor of N. J. 1799 3.31.1869
Harriet - single 1807 Frederick - died single 1809 1833 Ann md
Archibald Craig 1788 2nd wife Polly Gelston ww of Wm. & d of John
Dayton of N.Y. or R. 1. Mary md Edw. B. Pease of Hudson 1817
Caroline J. md Geo. Mendall of III., lived at Chattanooga 1819 82
GEORGE GORHAM COFFIN s of Alexander & Eunice 51 md Sally
Nixon or Nickerson d of James of Hudson 1768 6.2.1836 99 James
Alexander md Jane Adeline Stevens d of Isaac & 12.31.1809
7.23.1848 Rachel, N.Y. 4. .1829 Delia Maria md Henry A. Tenbroeck
Elizabeth Bailey md Milton Bostwick 10.31.1833 5.21.1805
10.14.1875 83 WILLIAM HENRY COFFIN s of Alexander & Eunice 51
md d. at sea 11.11.1778 5. .1808 Martha Allen 5.28. 1801, sister to
Howard, also md - Borland Robert Barry drowned from the frigate
Franklin near Valpo. 3.19.1822 98 William Henry md Mary Ann
Gardner d of Gayer & Polly 1803 8.29.1837 84 CHARLES J. H,
COFFIN s of Alexander & Eunice 51 md Catherine Hardwick
9.23.1782 1812 Louisa md - Young Catherine also md Capt. Harris
who was lost at sea 85 WATERMAN COFFIN s of Zachariah &
Deborah 52, moved to 12.25.1783 Prov. 1814 md Love Chadwick or
Cleveland d of Seth & Mary 4.2.1787 Owen C. 8.2.1806 Benjamin
9.7.1807 Mary Ann md Whitcomb Rider 4.15.1810 86 HENRY
COFFIN s of Henry & Lydia 53 md Hannah Swain d of David &
Hannah - no child 6.2.1799 She also md Barrett Coffin s of James &
Rhoda 87 PETER F. COFFIN s of Henry & Lydia 53 md 10.5.1779
7.11.1823 Peggy Coffin d of Joshua & Jannet 4.1.1786 4.6.1866
Charlotte G. md Edw. Swain s of Gilbert & Margaret 10.18.1809
10.28.1874 100 Henry F. md Judith Gardner d of Benj. & Judith, also
8.9.1813 10.17.1868 Hepsabeth E. Coffin d of John B. & Phebe
9.9.1831 Janet md Edw. H. Morton s of Dr. Martin T. & Mary
7.21.1815 Lydia F. md Andrew Macy s of John & Eliza. 5.6.1820
 217 SIXTH GENERATION - LINE C OF JAMES Born 88
THADDEUS C OFFIN s of Thaddeus & Ann 55 md see Capt's list 2.
15. 1789 Eliza Cartwright d of John & Mary 12. . 1816 2.7. 1788
Thaddeus - died single 5.26.1821 101 Horace P. md Ann M. Folger d
of Wm. & Lucy 6.23.1824 Ann Eliza md Chas. E. Gorham s of David
& Deborah 9.4. 1854 10. 13. 1828 John Cartwright - died young 89
BARRETT COFFIN s of James & Rhoda 58 md 10.5. 1777 Hannah
Coffin ww of Henry & d of David & Hannah Swain 4.3. 1778 102
Edward G. md Phebe Swain d of Micajah & Mary, 1 . 10. 1828 4. 10.
1803 Charles - died single 4.22.1805 Adeline md David U. Coffin s of
Francis & Ruth 11.22.1807 Lydia - died single 1798 90 ALEXANDER
COFFIN s of James & Rhoda 58 md Lucinda Weeks d of Jos. &
Content 103 James Gorham md Phebe Coffin d of Gideon & Mary 5.
14. '29 died at sea Winifred md Jethro B. Brock s of Wm. & Ruth his
1st w 106 Alexander md Mary G. Edwards d of Jos. & Lydia, 12.20.
'36 107 Henry S. md Phebe F. Barnard d of Benj. & Anna 108 Charles
G. md Hannah Phinney d of Gershom 109 Thomas B. md Lydia M.
Phinney d of Gershom 2nd w Eliza A. Burdett d of Reuben d. S.
Yarmouth Lucy W. Lydia B. Edward B. 10.10.1783 11.14.1785
3.20.1806 10.4.1808 9.12.1813 11.1.1815 1.1.1821 4.22.1829
6.15.1804 91 EDWIN COFFIN s of Gardner & Mary 60 md
Shipmaster of Nant. 3. 13. 1801 Sarah Folger d of Aaron & Mary
7.18.1821 12.23. 1802 Charles H. - died young 9.10.1825 Saphronia
Blach md Elliot Walker 8.4. '52 in Waterville, Me. 8. 13. 1832 Harriet
Ann 5.18.1836 Edwin, Jr. md Anna M. Cromett 10.19.1862
12.30.1838 2nd w Mary M. d of Judah Baker of Dennis, Mass. 3.29.
'64 92 PHILANDER COFFIN s of Gardner & Mary 60 md 7.13.1804
Mary Ceely d of Elias & Dinah 7.1. 1824 5.11. 1805 112 Laban md
Sarah B. Lyon d of Sam'l of Roxbury, Mass. 4.17.1825 Caroline md
Reuben Burdett s of Barzillai & Eunice 12. .1826 Mary J. md Barzillai
Ray s of Peleg & Sarah 8.21 . 1848 1828 Elizabeth C. - died single
1830 Philander - lost at sea 3. 16. 1833 Sarah C. md Geo. B. Rand s
of Wm. also John H. Pease, Jr. 11.30.1834 David C. Emily A.
9.23.1840 93 THOMAS J. COFFIN s of Gardner & Mary 60 md 7.
15.1810 Laura M. Fisher 6.5.1836 Laura 2nd w Deborah Coleman d
of Eberiezer & Aurelia of Cape Cod Died 6. 14.1876 1.14.1864
3.30.1842 4.27.1863 1.6.1865 1.26.1861 9.26.1869 10.17.1822
5.2.1858 10.2.1813 2.7.1851 12.29.1832 1851 3.27.1840 7.25.1874
3.8.1872 5.19.1862 10.25.1835 3.27.1843 4.30.1848 12.22.1839
 218 SIXTH GENERATION - LINE C OF JAMES Bom Died 94
JAMES MADISON COFFIN s of Gardner & Mary 60 md d. Kankakee 7.
15. 1810 12.21.1880 Ann J. Swain d of Abraham & Anna 7.14.1813
11.23.1839 Alvin N. md died in prison at Richmond 7.9.1864 2nd w
Emily Swain d of Geo. & Hannah, 1842 Anna Joy - married 95
GARDNER COFFIN s of Gardner & Mary 60 md 11.29.1812 3.16.1869
Phebe Ann Chase d of Owen & Peggy 4. 16.1820 William C. - died
young 10. .1838 Lydia Tice md Wm. E. Russell s of Shubael S. &
Eliza. '64 4. .1844 Adeline Worth md Geo. H. Poole of N. Bedford 8.
.1874 9.9.1855 96 PRINCE COFFIN s of Thos. & Abigail 62 of
Canning, N.S. md Experience Ells 1756 David md 1 . 10. 1849 - died
without issue 9.17.1788 6.15.1869 104 Joshua md Eliz. Lonsbury
7.6.1821 4.6.1791 9.20.1864 Abigail md Capt. John McKenzie,
6.13.1820 3.24.1793 8.5.1873 Mary md Elijah West, 12. 13. 1815
9.30.1795 10.3.1864 105 Abraham md Sarah Ann Cox, 2.2. 1825
5.1.1797 5.24.1833 Deborah md Abijah Athem Eaton, 11.1.1821
8.6.1798 8.9.1880 111 Thomas Bartlett md Mary Hughes, 1.30.1851
1.28.1801 8.11.1878 110 John Russell md Jane Eaton, 1.16.1828
5.6.1803 97 BARTLETT COFFIN s of Thomas & Abigail 62 md
6.14.1766 10.7.1843 Elizabeth Bunker d of Chas. & Mary, 11.29.1787
11.20.1767 5.3.1803 Phebe - died single 7.16.1788 5.7.1861
Deborah - died single 7.16.1791 2.25.1861 Lydia - died single
10.25.1796 1.29.1857 113 Charles B. md Eliza A. Parker d of Jon'n &
Ruth - no child 3.5.1800 11.9.1873 2nd w Anna Worth d of Ben j .
1.1.1 804 3.29.1805 Elihu 8.5.1806 Thomas - (2 1/2 yrs.) 1. .1803?
6.19.1805 3rd w Eunice Williams, 7. 12. 1806 - no child 2.3.1841 98
FRANCIS COFFIN s of Thomas & Abigail 62 md 8.22.1771 4.9.1844
Ruth Upham d of Jon'n & Anna 9.29.1774 9.2.1835 114 Prince md
Judith Hussey d of Peleg & Temperance, Lost at sea 1.15.1798 1834
115 David U. md Adeline Coffin d of Barrett & Hannah 2.10.1802
9.11.1859 116 Thomas md Valina Swain d of Owen & Abigail also 3.
.1807 3.28.1861 Lydia Coffin ww of bro. Tim. R. & d of Elias Ceely
11.11.1811 1 1 7 Timothy R. md Lydia Ceely d of El iza & Dinah, lost
at sea 11.27.1809 5.7.1837 Abigail - died single 3.1.1810 5.27.1842
John - died single 2. .1814 4.4.1832 2nd w Sally Coffin d of James &
Rhoda 11.20. 1836 - no child 10.30.1780 12.1.1860 99 MARK
COFFIN s of Shubael & Mary 64 md 10.16.1768 9.30.1839 Judith
Hussey d of Benj. & Phebe 8.13.1769 9.3.1842 118 George md
Sarah Mitchell d of Obed & Lydia, her 1st husb. 1790 10.30.1815
Mary - died single 11.10.1792 8.31.1844 100 ICHABOD COFFIN s of
Hezekiah & Abigail 65 md 6.24.1771 11.26.1835 Nancy Brown d of
Francis & Anna 7.6.1780 7. 1.1866 1 19 Asa md Hannah Gardner d
of Eben'r. 5. 1 . 1823 12.14.1802
 219 SIXTH AND SEVENTH GENERATIONS - LINE C OF
JAMES Born 101 HEZEKIAH COFFIN s of Hezekiah & Abigail 65, md
d. coast of Timor 9. 12. 1775 Nancy Bunker d of Uriah & Susan 1.11.
1778 Owen was shot in a boat that left the ship Essex at time she
was 8. 14. 1802 destroyed by a whale Edward - died single at sea,
see Capt's List 10.5.1805 Ann - died single 1.22.1809 122 George s
of Nancy by Obed Wyer md Emily Clapp d of Henry, 7.5. 1818 died
by suicide in New Bedford 102 ANDREW COFFIN s of Elijah & Abigail
69 md d. S. America 7.15.1773 Deborah Chadwick d of Wickliffe 8.5.
1776 Phebe md Samuel Sanford s of Sam'l & Lydia, his 1st w
5.26.1802 123 Edward C. md Olive G. Eldridge 11.26.1805 103
WILLIAM R. COFFIN s of Elial & Ruth 72 md 1.28.1794 Mary Robins
d of John & Eliz. his 1st w 7.17. 1799 Eliza md George Snow s of
Gideon & Lucinda 1824 Mary Jane md Henry Bakers of Prince, also
Linus A. Hooper 10.22.1826 2nd w Ruth Coffin d of Gideon & Mary
1800 Rebecca C. md Franklin B. Coffin s of Asa & Hannah 7.2.1836
Lydia B. md Wm . S . Russel I s of Dan ll & El iza & John Dai ley
2.27.1 838 3rd w Eliza M. Swain ww of David & d of Betsey ww of
Abel 6.23. 1799 Bunker 3.15. 1846 104 RICHARD COFFIN s of Uriah
& Mary 70, b at Marlborough, N.Y., 12. .1780 died at Newburgh, N.Y.
md Anna Westlake Francis H. Harriet md - Brock Elizabeth Charlotte
120 John Wesley md Emeline Darby 7.12.1807 Born on Nantucket, d
at Milton, Ulster Co. N.Y. 105 URIAH COFFIN s of Abihu & Elizabeth
71 md 1.9. 1786 Phoebe Hal lock 121 William md Rhoda A. Birdsall
9.6.1810 Susan 7. 13. 1813 Elizabeth 5.9. 1816 Edward 10.27.1820
James 2.24.1825 SEVENTH GENERATION Farmer of Prince Edward's
Island 1 WILLIAM COFFIN s of Kimble & Elizabeth 20 md 1800
Catherine Webster, 1826 1805 1 William md Margaret Ann Dingwel 1
, 3.22. 1860 7.8.1827 Elizabeth M. 1829 Kimble 1831 Edward md
Selina Webster, 5.8. 1876 1833 Nathan D. md Rachel Wetherby,
8.18.1874 1835 Robert J. 1837 Continued . . . Died 6. .1815 3.20.
1869 1828 12.29.1867 1818 10.17.1855 3.29.1850 1.13.1875
4.13.1863 9.25.1827 5.24.1845 10.4.1867 8.16.1868 1860 4.5.1848
8.17.1850 7.17.1847 8.19.1830 12. .1858 5.3.1876 1. .1861 1859
 Bom Died Continued . . . Mary J. md B. Farquhasson, 7.
.1861 Francis Douglas Charles Dorinda md Daniel Wetherby, 1872
Lorenzo 1839 1841 1843 1845 1847 1849 5. .1867 7.14.1870 2
Farmer, Savage Harbor, P.E.I. JOSEPH COFFIN s of Benjamin &
Catharine 18 md Liv. May 1883 12.23.1803 Jane - , 2.15.1832 Living.
May 1883 6.13.1813 Artemas W. 6.17.1833 4.12.1863 Horatio
6.4.1838 Margaret C. md Wm. R. Douglas 2.29.1840 10. .1875
Benjamin 4.1.1843 Nathan K. 7.25.1845 Ellen md David H. Douglas
8.2.1848 7.29.1872 Jane 10.10.1850 3 GEORGE B. COFFIN s of
Robt. & 2nd w Anna 1 md 1 .4. 1813 Cordelia Dunham d of Dan 'I &
Dorcas 9.26.1819 George Alfred - died young Henry C. 4.18.1846 2
George Edward md Mary Agnes Warren, d of - Taylor, b'59 8.24.
1853 Mary Lydia 8.14. 1857 4 GEN. SIR ISAAC COFFIN s of Adm.
Francis H. 1 1 md 1801 - Harrington, d of Capt. T.T., 1824 Douglas
Campbell Clifford 2nd w Catherine Eliza Shepherd d of Capt. John,
1866 5 COL. SEBRIGHT SHEAFFE COFFIN s of Adm. Francis H. 1 1
md Wife's name not given Roger Pyne Edward 1872 6 AMORY
COFFIN s of Eben & Mary 8, Physician, Aiken, S.C. md 12.24. 1813
Jessie Mary Edmonston, 12.25.1838 3.19.1821 3 Amory md Emma
Edings Hopkinson, 1.14.1868 8.9.1841 Elizabeth - unmarried
3.10.1845 4 Charles Edmonston md Isabella Robinson, 10.8.1872
10.1.1846 5 Henry Peronneau md Mary Morgan, 9.17.1874
4.11.1850 Mary md Thos. Edmonston, 10.20.1874 2.6.1852 6
Francis William md Katherine Robinson, 10.7.1880 2.5.1854 Jessie
md Arthur Wotton, 10.3.1878 5.9.1858 William Edwards 10.8.1860
10.9.1860 Glass manufacturer, b at Green Bank, N.J., d Hammonton,
N.J. 7 WILLIAM COFFIN s of Wm. & Parnell 10 md Ann Bodine,
3.2.1798 Joseph 7 William md Ann Dean, 7.21.1829 Mary md Thos.
J. Pierce, 1 1 .29. '29; Geo. A. Raybold 4. 25. '43 Continued . . .
2.10.1775 8.12.1779 1.15.1799 2.23.1801 10.15.1803 11.19.1844
2.29.1872
 SEVENTH GENERATION LINE C OF JAMES Continued . . .
Parnell md Jesse Peterson, 10.4.1827 Jerusha Ann md Andrew R.
Hay, 1831 Bodine Abbie md Chas. H. Shinn, 12.1.1836 John
Hammond md Eliz. F. Dean Eliza md Clayna (?) B. Rogers, 1838 8
Edward Winslow md Leonora M. Stadler, 7.8. 1844 8 10 GEORGE
GORHAM COFFIN s of Simeon & Polly 4, L. inBaltimore md Lydia
Gardner d of Silas & Susanna 3. 12. 1813 9 Charles Edmund md
Frances Lanaman 10 George Gardner - died young William Gardner
md Caroline Cooney of Baltimore George Baker md - Power Emeline
Parker - died single in Baltimore Born 3.14.1806 10.13.1808
3.20.1811 9.10.1813 3.6.1816 11.20.1817 6.5.1824 6.4.1789
4.28.1797 3.17.1814 12.20.1815 4.25.1817 4.1.1819 12.26.1820
CHARLES N. COFFIN s of Simeon & Polly 4 md 1.23.1800 Elizabeth
Ann Gardner d of Sam'l . & Eliz. 8.6.1826 1. .1809 Emeline G . 6.
1827 Maria R. md Geo. W. Lewis of & at Wilmington, N.C. 2.9. '71 8.
.1848 Bom at Charleston, S.C., died at Richmond, Va. GEORGE
MATHEWES COFFIN s of Eben & Mary 8 md Sarah Lewis Simon,
10.17.1838 Catherine Hume Eben Eliza md John Taylor, 11.24.1870
12 Grange Simons md Minnie or Maria B. Haskell, 4.27.1881 11
George Mathewes md Julia E. Haskell 17 William Bee md Lizzie
Howell Perry Sarah Simons Mary Simons Fannie Moore 5. .1816
11.20.1817 8. .1839 3.5.1842 8.31.1843 9. .1845 12.20.1847
2.9.1850 2.9.1850 5.1.1852 6. .1859 11 FRANCIS COFFIN s of Eben
& Mary 8 md 7.17.1800 Louisa Ivor, 1821 Anna Margaret md Dr.
Philip Gadsden Edwards, 10.10.1839 1.8.1822 also James G.
Guignard, 1854 12 AARON COFFIN, s of Barzillai & Rebecca 21, see
Capt's List 9.11.1805 md Rebecca Burdett d of Barzillai & Eunice - no
child 1 . 17. 1809 2nd w Lydia B. Folger d of Hezekiah & Lucinda - no
child 4.6. 1815 3rd w Harriet B. ww of Jos. F. Barrett & d of Fred’k
Barnard, 9.11. 1820 9.5.1873 13 SAMUEL F. COFFIN s of Barzillai &
Rebecca 21 md Rebecca Ann Pinkham d of John & Merib 14
BENJAMIN F. COFFIN s of Barzillai & Rebecca 21 md Rachel Starbuck
Ceely d of Elias & Dinah, 2. 12. 1839 13 Seth M. md Priscilla F.
Barnard d of Edwin & Eunice, 8, 14 Barzillai md Henrietta A. d of
Joe. Trehon of Brooklyn, N.Y., 10. 24. 1 869 (twins died young)
Welcome to our website – the ideal destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. With a mission to inspire endlessly, we offer a
vast collection of books, ranging from classic literary works to
specialized publications, self-development books, and children's
literature. Each book is a new journey of discovery, expanding
knowledge and enriching the soul of the reade

Our website is not just a platform for buying books, but a bridge
connecting readers to the timeless values of culture and wisdom. With
an elegant, user-friendly interface and an intelligent search system,
we are committed to providing a quick and convenient shopping
experience. Additionally, our special promotions and home delivery
services ensure that you save time and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and

personal growth!

ebookfinal.com