1 jk tallh

mrudKql jHqyh

mod¾:fha jHqyh

1. wjldYfha bvla .kakd, ialkaOhla iys; øjH¡

2.
A - E – ñY%K
B– >k $ øj $ jdhq F – ixfhda.
C– G – iucd;Sh ñY%K
D – ixY=oaO øjH

3. mrudKqj

4. bf,lafg%dak, fm%dafgdak yd kshqfg%dak

5.
1 – RK 2 – Ok 3 – fkdorhs

6. fõ $ fkdfõ¡

mrudKqj ms<sn| .%y wdlD;sh

7.
(a) w¾kiaÜ ro¾*â (b) kS,i
a a fnda¾ (c) fÊ¡ fÊ¡ f;dïika (d) w¾kiaÜ ro¾*â (e) fÊïia peâúla

8.
1–2 2–8 3 – 18 4 – 32

9.
1 – jeä 2 - wvq

mrudKql l%udxlh yd ialkaO l%udxlh

10. uQ,øjH mrudKqjl kHIaáfha wvx.= fm%dafgdak ixLHdj

11. hï mrudKqjlska iEfok whkhl fm%dafgdak ixLHdj fjkia (jk $ fkdjk) neúka, mrudKql l%udxlh fjkia
(fõ $ fkdfõ¡)

12.
(i) ✓ (ii) ✓ (iii) × (iv) ✓ (v) ✓

13.
(a) 7 (c) 16 (e) 18
(b) 12 (d) 15 (f) 19

14.
23 + 27 207
(i) 11Na (ii) 13Al (iii) 82Pb

wñ, oikdhl | wdidfjka bf.k.kak 1

 bf,lafg%dak úkHdih

15. mrudKqjl kHIaáfha isg msg;g ms<sfj<ska tla tla Yla;s uÜgï j, bf,lafg%dak msÍ we;s wdldrh ksrEmKh
lsÍu¡

kQ;k wdj¾;s;d j.=j

16. osñ;%s fukav,S*a

17. mrudKql l%udxlh yd bf,lafg%dak úkHdih

18.
(a) Yla;s uÜgï (b) ixhqc;d bf,lafg%dak (c) wjidk (d) bf,lafg%dak

19.
wdj¾;h ldKavh
Be 2 2
Si 3 14
Ca 4 2

iuia:dksl

20. tlu uQ,øjHfha we;s fjkia ialkaO l%udxl iys; mrudKq tu uQ,øjHfha iuia:dksl fõ¡

21. fm%daáhï ( 11H) , ähqÜÍhï ( 21H) , á%áhï ( 31H)

wdj¾;s;d j.=fõ oelsh yels rgd

m<uqjk whkSlrK Yla;sh

22.
(a) Ok (b) RK

23. jdhquh wjia:dfõ we;s uQ,øjH mrudKq ujq,hlska, bf,lafg%dak ujq,hla bj;a lr jdhquh tl Ok whk ujq,hla
iEoSug iemhsh hq;= wju Yla;sh

24. Na (g) Na+(g) + e

25. wvq

26.
(i) A – 2 C – 14 E – 16
B – 13 D – 15 F - 17

(ii) A – Be (fnß,shï) C – C (ldnka) E – O (Tlaiscka)

B – B (fndafrdaka) D – N (khsg%cka) F – F (*af,daÍka)

wñ, oikdhl | wdidfjka bf.k.kak 2

 (iii) m<uq whkSlrK Yla;sh
(kJmol−1 )
Ar
×

P ×
× Cl
×
×
S
Mg Si
×
×
Al
×
Na
× K

úoHq;a RK;dj
27. uQ,øjH mrudKqjla ;j;a uQ,øjH mrudKqjla iuÕ iyixhqc nkaOkhlska ne|S we;s úg tu nkaOkfha
bf,lafg%dak ;ud fj;g we| .ekSfï yelshdj

28. fmda,xs mßudKh

29. *a¨fjdÍka (F)

30.
(i) ✓ (ii) « (iii) ✓

f,day, wf,day yd f,daydf,day

31. f,day yd wf,day j,g w;rueos .=K ork uQ,øjH

32. fN!;sl .=K :- wdfõKsl f,dayl osiakhla ;sîu¡

.eàfï oS /õfok yvla kexùu¡
idudkH WIaK;ajfha oS >k wjia:dfõ mej;Su¡
;=kS ;yvq njg ;e,sh yels ùu¡
lïìhla fia we|sh yels ùu¡
fyd| ;dm yd úoHq;a ikakdhl ùu¡
fndfyda úg by< >k;ajhla ;sîu¡

33. fidaähï laf,darhsâ

34.
(i) ✓ (v) « (ix) «
(ii) « (vi) « (x) ✓
(iii) « (vii) «
(iv) « (viii) ✓

35.
(a) wvq (b) jeä

36.
(i) He, Ne, Ar (iii) N, O, F, Ne, Cl, Ar
(ii) C, N, O, F, P, S, Cl (iv) úYd,u – K (fmdgEishï)
l=vdu – He (yS,h
s ï)
37. Br (fn%daóka) , Hg (riosh)

wñ, oikdhl | wdidfjka bf.k.kak 3

 2 jk tallh
jHqyh yd nkaOk
ridhksl nkaOk

1. uQ,øjH mrudKq ia:dhS ùu Wfoid ixhqc;d ljpfha bf,lafg%dak m%;sixúOdkh lr .ekSfuka mrudKq w;r fyda
whk w;r fyda we;sjk wdl¾IK n, fyj;a neoSï ‘ridhksl nkaOk’ kï fõ¡

2. He, Ne, Ar jeks WÉp jdhq

fya;=j :- mrudKq fyda whk ixfhda. idokqfha ia:dhS úkHdih idod .ekSug fõ¡ WÉp jdhq iajNdjfha u
mj;skqfha ixhqc;d ljpfha bf,lafg%dak wIaglh msÍu ksid iA:dhS f,igh¡ ∴ tajd ixfhda. fkdidohs¡
3.
(i) whksl nkaOk
(ii) iyixhqc nkaOk

whksl nkaOk

4. úoHq;a wdfrdamKhla iys; mrudKq fmdl=rla fyda mrudKqjla whkhla kï fõ¡

Wod :- H 3 , Cl− , H3 O+ , SO2−
4 jeks ´kEu whkhla

5. tla mrudKqjla ;j;a mrudKqjl bf,lafg%dak m%odkh lsÍu ksid m%;sM, jk Ok yd RK whk w;r, we;sjk
m%n, iaÓ;s úoHq;a wdl¾IK fya;=fjka we;sjk nkaOk

6. NaCl, CaCO3
K 2 SO4 , MgCl2 jeks ´kEu whksl ixfhda.hla¡

iyixhqc nkaOk
7. mrudKq hq.,hla w;r bf,lafg%dak yjqf,a ;nd .ksñka tu mrudKq tlsfkl yd ne|Su iyixhqc nkaOkhla
kï fõ¡

8. :Cl:
:

(a) H x. H . x . . Cl:
: :

(d)
: :

:Cl x C x
.x
xx :Cl :
(b) O: x O
x
: :

.
0

xx
: :

(e) H x Cl :
H
. x ..
(c) H x C x H
.x
H

9.
:

(a) H – N – H
l (d) :Cl – S – Cl:
: :
: :
: :

H
+
: :

: :

(b) O = C = O (e) H – O – H
l
H
(c) :N ≡ N:

:Cl :
:

10. AlCl3
l
Al
Cl :
: :
: :

:Cl

wñ, oikdhl | wdidfjka bf.k.kak 4

 :Cl :

:
11. PCl5
l
:
:Cl Cl :

: : : :
P
: : :
:Cl Cl :

mrudKql oe,sia

12. mrudKq iyixhqcj ne|S iEfok oe,sia mrudKql oe,sia f,i ye|skafõ¡

13. ñksrka oshuka;s

14.
(i) ✓ (ii) « (iii) ✓ (iv) ✓ (v) «

nkaOkj, O%eùh;djh

15. mrudKqj, úoHq;a RK;djh

16.
(a) ks¾O%eùh (b) ks¾O%eùh (c) O%eùh (d) O%eùh (e) O%eùh

wka;¾ wKql nkaOk

17. wKq w;r we;sjk wdl¾IK wka;¾ - wKql nkaOk fõ¡

18. yhsv%cka nkaOk

δ+
19. δ+ H
H δ− O
δ−
O
δ+
δ+
H
H H H
δ+
δ+
O

δ−

whksl yd iyixhqc ixfhda.j, .=K

20.
whksl ixfhda. iyixqhc ixfhda.
KCl NH3
CaO H2 O
MgSO4 SO2
Na 2 S HCl
CaCO3 CO2

21.
(a) ✓ (b) « (c) « (d) ✓ (e) «

wñ, oikdhl | wdidfjka bf.k.kak 5

 3 jk tallh
ridhksl .Kkh
1. ialkaO l%udxlh hkq mrudKqjl kHIaáfha wvx.= fm%dafgdak .Kklska kshqfg%dak .Kkl tl;=jhs¡

2. fm%dafgdak .Kk
kshqfg%dak .Kk

3. x – ialkaO l%udxlh
y – mrudKql l%udxlh

4.
(i) 103 (ii) 58 (iii) 45 (iv) 45

5.
(i) 31 (ii) 32

6. tu uQ,øjH mrudKjla fyda nyqmrudKql whkhla iuÕ ixfhdackh úh yels fyda tuÕska m%;sia:dmkh l<
yels yhsä%cka mrudKq ixLHdjhs¡

7.
H 1 C 4 Mg 2
He 0 N 3 Al 3
Li 1 O 2 Si 4
Be 2 F 1
B 3 Na 1

8.
(i) ixhqc;dj Li N = Li3 N
1 3

(ii) ixhqc;dj Mg Cl = MgCl2

2 1

9. NH41 = 1 HSO4− = 1
H3 O+ = 1 CrO2-
4 =2
NO3− = 1 Cr2 O2−
7 =2
HCO3− = 1 SO2−
7 =2
OH − = 1 CO2−
3 =2
MnO4− =1 PO3−
7 =3

10.
(i) ixhqc;dj K+ CO2−
3 = K 2 CO3

1 2
(ii) ixhqc;dj K +
PO3−
4 = K 3 PO4

1 3

wñ, oikdhl | wdidfjka bf.k.kak 6

 (iii) ixhqc;dj K+ Cr2 O2−
7 = K 2 Cr2 O7
1 2

11.
(i) P = Na S = Si V = Cl
Q = Mg T=P W = Ar
R = Al U=S X=K

(ii) Na iy K
fyda
P iy X

(iii) Ar fyda W

(iv) 2K (s) + 2H2 O(l) 2KOH(aq) + H2(g)

12
6C iuia:dkslfha mrudKql ialkaOh
12. mrudKql ialkaO tallh =
12

13. uQ,øjH mrudKql ialkaOh iuia:dkslfha mrudKql ialkaO fhka 1⁄12 fuka lS jdrhla fõo hkak tu
12
6C

uQ,øjHfha idfmalaI mrudKql ialkaOh kï fõ¡

tu mrudKqjl ialkaOh
14. idfmalaI mrudKql ialkaOh = 12 1
6C mrudKqjl ialkAOh × 12

4.664 × 10−23 g
15. Si idfmalaI wKql ialkaOh = 1
1.99 × 10−23 g ×
12

= 28.12

tu mrudKqjl ialkaOh
16. idfmalaI wKql ialkaOh = 12 1
6C mrudKqjl ialkAOh × 12

NaHCO3 ys wKqjl Na mrudKqjl H mrudKqjl C mrudKqjl O mrudKqjl

17. ialkaOj = + + + ialkaOh ×3
ialkaOh ialkaOh ialkaOh

= (3.818 × 10−23 g) + (1.6735 × 10−24 g) + (1.99 × 10−23 g) + (2.656 × 10−23 g × 3)

= (3.818 + 0.16735 + 1.99 + 2.6561 × 3) × 10−23 g
= 13.9436 × 10−23 g

NaHCO3 wKqjl ialkaOh

18. NaHCO3 ys idfmalaI mrudKql ialkaOh = 12 1
6C mrudKqjl ialkAOh × 12

13.9436 × 10−23 g
= 1
1.99 × 10−23 g ×
12

= 84.08

wñ, oikdhl | wdidfjka bf.k.kak 7

 19. ´kEu uQ,øjHhl idfmalaI mrudKql ialkaOhg iudk ialkaOhla .%Eï (g) j,ska .;a úg tu uQ,øjH l=ula
jqj;a tys we;af;a tlu ksh; mrudKq ixLHdjls¡
tu ksid mrudKq ixLHdj wej.dfv%da ksh;h f,i ye|skafõ¡

20. 6.022 × 1023

12
21. 6C iuia:dkslfha yßhgu lsrd .;a 12g la ;=< wvx.= jk mrudKq ixLHdjg iudk hï øjHhl uq,l
s ;ekqï
tall ixLHdjla wvx.= mod¾: m%udKh tu øjHfha ujq,hla f,i w¾: oelafõ¡

22. ujq,sl ialkaOh hkq ´kEu øjHh ujq,hl ialkaOhhs¡

23. idfmalaI $ wKql ialkaOhg iudk ialkaOhla .%Eï (g) j,ska .;a úg tys tu mrudKq $ wKq ujq,hla wka;¾.;
jk w;r th tys ujq,l s ialkaOh fõ¡

tu øjHfha ialkaOh
24. øjH m%udKh (ujq, .Kk) =
tu øjHfha ujq,sl ialkaOh

25.
s ialkaOh = [(14 + 4 × 1) × 2 + (12 × 2) + (16 × 4)] gmol−1
(i) (NH4 )2 C2 O4 ys ujq,l
= 124gmol−1
(NH4 )2 C2 O4 ialkaOh
∴ (NH4 )2 C2 O4 ujq, .Kk =
(NH4 )2 C2 O4 ujq,sl ialkaOh
15.5𝑔
=
124gmol−1

= 0.125 mol

(NH4 )2 C2 O4 wKq .Kk = 0.125 mol × 6.022 × 1023

= 7.527 × 1022

(ii) N ujq, .Kk = 0.125 mol × 2

= 0.25 mol
∴ N mrudKq .Kk = 0.25 mol × 6.022 × 1023
= 1.505 × 1022

(iii) H ujq, .Kk = 0.125 mol × 8

= 1 mol

∴ H mrudKq .Kk = 1 × 6.022 × 1023

= 6.022 × 1023

(iv) C ujq, .Kk = 0.125 mol × 2

= 0.25 mol

C mrudKq .Kk = N mrudKq ujq, .Kk

= 1.505 × 1023

(v) O ujq, .Kk = 0.125 mol × 4

= 0.5 mol

O mrudKq .Kk = 0.5 mol × 6.022 × 1023

= 3.011 × 1023

wñ, oikdhl | wdidfjka bf.k.kak 8

 26. 2Mg (s) + O2(g) 2MgO(s)
CaO(s) + H2 O(l) Ca(OH)2(aq)
2KMnO4(s) K 2 MnO4(s) + MnO2(s) + O2(g)
∆
2Ag 2 O(s) ∆ 4Ag (s) + O2(g)
NH4 OH(s) NH3(g) + H2 O(g)
∆
Mg (s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Zn(s) + CaSO4(aq) ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
BaCl2(aq) + Na 2 SO4(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
H2 SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) Na 2 SO4(aq) + 2H2 O(l)

27. iucd;Sh ñY%K : ñY%Kh mqrd tlu ixhq;shla iys; ñY%K

úIucd;Sh ñY%K : ñY%Kh mqrdu ixhq;h
s taldldr fkdjk ñY%K

28. iucd;Sh ñY%Khla ødjKhla f,i y÷kajk w;r tu ødjKh iEoSug ñY% l< ix>gl w;=ßka jeämqr we;s
ix>glh ødjlh fõ¡ tys wvx.= fiiq ix>gl ødjH kï fõ¡
ødjKh = ødjHh + ødjlh

29. ialkaO Nd.hla f,i (W⁄w)

mßud Nd.hla f,i (V⁄V)
ujq, Nd.hla f,i (m⁄V)
ujq, m%udKh / mßudj (n⁄V)

30.
(i)
I. CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)
II. ñY%Kfha wvx.= CaCO3 ialkaOh = 10g × 0.4
= 4g
4g
ñY%Kfha CaCO3 ujq, .Kk =
100gmol−1

= 0.04 mol
CaCO3 : CO2 = 1 : 1 ne.ska
msgjq CO2 jdhq wKq ujq, .Kk o 0.04 mol fõ¡

(ii)
I. BaCO3(g) ∆ BaO(g) + CO2(g)
BaO(s) + H2 O(l) Ba(OH)2(aq)
Ba(OH)2(aq) + 2HCl(aq) BaCl2(aq) + 2H2 O(l)

1.979g
II. BaCO3(s) ujq, .Kk =
197gmol−1

= 0.01 mol
,efnk >k wjfYaIh BaO fõ¡
∴ BaO(s) ujq, .Kk = 0.01 mol
∴ BaO(s) ialkaOh = 0.01 mol × 153gmol−1
= 1.53g

wñ, oikdhl | wdidfjka bf.k.kak 9

 III. BaO ujq, .Kk = Ba(OH)2 ujq, .Kk
0.01 mol
[Ba(OH)2(aq) ] =
50 × 10−3 dm3
−3
= 0.2moldm

IV. HCl ujq, m%udKh = 0.1moldm−3 × 25 × 10−3 dm3

= 2.5 × 10−3 mol

1
V. Ba(OH)2 mol .Kk = 0.2moldm−3 × 50 × 10−3 dm3 ×
2
= 0.005 mol
= 5 × 10−3 mol

∴ Ba(OH)2 : HCl = 1 : 1 ne.ska

b;sß Ba(OH)2 mol .Kk = [5 × 10−3 mol - 2.5 × 10−3 mol]
= 2.5 × 10−3 mol
(iii)
I. oSma;su;a iqÿ meye;s oe,a,la¡

II. 2Mg (s) + O2(g) 2MgO(g)

3Mg (s) + N2(g) Mg 3 N2(s)
MgO(s) + H2 O(l) Mg(OH)2(aq)

III. Mg 3 N2(s) + 6H2 O(l) 3Mg(OH)2(aq) + 2NH3(g)

IV. Mg(OH)2 c,Sh ødjKfha Mg(OH)2 mol .Kk = 0.12moldm−3 × 100 × 10−3 dm3
= 12 × 10−3 mol

Mg mol .Kk = 12 × 10−3 mol

∴ Mg ialkaOh = 12 × 10−3 mol × 24gmol−1

= 288 × 10−3 g
= 0.288g

68 × 10−4 g
V. NH3(g) ujq, .Kk =
17gmol−1

= 4 × 10−4 mol

∴ c,hg fhÿ Mg 3 N2 mol .Kk = 2 × 10−3 mol

∴ N2 iuÕ m%;sls%hd l< Mg mol .Kk = 6 × 10−3 mol

O2 iuÕ m%;sls%hd l< Mg mol .Kk = 6 × 10−3 mol

wñ, oikdhl | wdidfjka bf.k.kak 10