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International Journal on Emerging Technologies 10(2b): 63-68(2019)

ISSN No. (Print): 0975-8364
ISSN No. (Online): 2249-3255

Effect of Alienation on Adjustment of Undergraduate Level Students

1 2
P. Sharma and S.K. Sharma
1
UITTR, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali Punjab, India
2
Department of Mathematics, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali Punjab, India
(Corresponding author: S.K. Sharma)
(Received 02 May 2019, Revised 10 July 2019, Accepted 08 August 2019)
(Published by Research Trend, Website: www.researchtrend.net)
ABSTRACT: Present study explores the levels of alienation and adjustment among undergraduate level
students. This study consists of 600 students equally divided into two groups (boys and girls). In the present
investigation the investigators selected the Student Alienation Scale (SAS) by Dr. R.R. Sharma and AICS
scale prepared by A.K.P. Sinha and R.P. Singh for collecting data. Correlation is used for data analysis. The
results show that there is a negative correlation between alienation and adjustment of undergraduate level
students. Alienation affects adjustment negatively. Alienation and home adjustment of undergraduate level
students are negatively correlated. Alienation affects home adjustment in negative manner.Alienation and
health adjustment of undergraduate level students are negatively correlated. Alienation affects health
adjustment in negative way. Alienation and social adjustment of under graduate level students have negative
correlation. Alienation affects social adjustment negatively.
Keywords: Alienation, Adjustment, Undergraduate Students, Gender, Correlation.
I. INTRODUCTION control of facilities [3]. Consistent with the
st methodological perspective, one may speak of
It has been properly observed that the 21 century is alienation in terms of values, norms, roles and facilities
witnessing an increase in resentment, pessimism, in a psychosocial situation. George Simpson observes
distrust, anxiety, isolation and ego-centricity in students.
that man is an alien to himself because he is an
The adolescent is confronting changes in family instinctual being. Underneath all his civilized happiness,
structure, expanded versatility of society, diminished capitalist man is alien to himself because that is the
family dependability, emphasis on individualism, loss of emotional price he pays for high material standards of
faith in traditional values and dehumanization of the life under modern industrialism and mass society. He
adolescent; because of this the student population is
considers alienation to be the lot of educated, intelligent
passing through various confusions. They feel and sophisticated modern man and believes that the
bewilderment against man made crises of poverty, dissatisfaction against the prevailing system is not an
unemployment, materialism and politics. The present evil but part of a struggle for change and progress
century presents a curious paradox in the behaviour of towards making man more human. There are five
the human groups and the human beings. An analysis implications or variations of alienation which are
of the phenomenon of individual’s involvement in social considered as available to exact looks into [4]. The five
and political issues, a deep attachment to the institution,
variations of estrangement are:
customs and groups and an identification with ideology, (i) Powerlessness: a low anticipation that one's own
reveals a general feeling of powerlessness,
conduct can control the event of individual and social
normlessness and social isolation among individuals rewards.
and social groups. The recent observation of (ii) Normlessness: a high hope that socially unapproved
happenings in educational institution is a glaring means are important to accomplish given objectives.
example of the manifestation of these above mentioned (iii) Meaninglessness: a low anticipation that acceptable
behavioural tendencies. There is a crisis of identity forecasts about future results of conduct can made.
among the students now a day, which is usually (iv) Isolation: relegating low reward an incentive to
expressed in the form of restlessness, frustration and objectives or convictions (later practices) that are
alienation in them. Alienation is implied a method of
normally exceptionally esteemed in a given society.
involvement wherein the individual encounters himself (v) Self-estrangement: to be occupied with exercises
as the focal point of his reality, as the maker of his ownthat are not compensating in themselves.
demonstrations however his demonstrations and their On the other hand, we can discuss as “powerlessness”
outcomes have turned into his lords, whom he complies, is an inclination with respect to the person that he can't
or whom he may even love [1]. The alienated individual impact the social circumstances wherein he associates.
stays withdrawn from himself as he stays withdrawn “Meaninglessness” is a feeling that he has no guide for
from some other individual. He is experienced as things conduct or belief (Adorno, Cantril, Mannheim).
are knowledgeable about the sense and with presence “Normlessness” is the person's inclination that ill-
of mind, and yet, without being identified with oneself conceived means are required to accomplish objectives,
and to the world outside productivity. (Durkheim, Merton, Coffman). “Isolation is a sentiment
Alienation can be defined as a state of mind, a cluster ofof irritation from the social objectives of society (Nettler)
attitudes, beliefs and feelings in the minds of individuallastly 'self-estrangement' is failure to wind up
[2]. There can be four sources of alienation as: (i) Lack compensating exercises [1]. Social isolation in addition
of commitment of values, (ii) Lack of responsibility in to Seeman’s five dimensions of alienation has been
roles (iii) Lack of conformity to norms and (iv) Lack of
Sharma & Sharma, International Journal on Emerging Technologies 10(2b): 63-68(2019) 63
suggested to be one more form of alienation[5]. He those needs. Positive or favourable influences help in
defines social isolation as “the perception of losing the fulfilment of needs while unfavourable influences
effective contact with significant and supporting groups”. hinder their satisfaction. A balanced individual has
It is characterized by feelings of loneliness and basically inspirational frame of mind towards self as well
impersonality. To Middleton the meaning of alienation as other people. He has sentiments of nobility and
refers to a subjective attitude of social distance. respectability, worth and self-realization. Adjustment is
Alienation in modern civilization is the result of important because it establishes a harmonious, stable
consciousness that one is powerless to effect desirable and satisfying relationship with the environment. A well-
changes. It is revealed in manifestation of human makes adjusted person has control on impulses, thoughts,
one to be apathetic to his family or to any social group. habits, emotions and behaviour. He enjoys a mental life
As opposed to this a person who is non alienated, has which is free from depressions intense fears, acute
not the strength or the courage to be himself, to give anxiety, sense of guilt, insecurity etc. he has realistic
free reinforcement to his desires, to solve his problems, and positive self-perception, appraises his own abilities
to denounce the contradictions which confine his very as well as limitations realistically. Undergraduates
soul. entering colleges are entering a wide scope of
Alienation is the psychotic disturbance in the modern encounters, associated with adapting yet in addition to
man who is no longer haunted by other man or by meeting individuals, searching new jobs and status,
grandiose projection of man, but by machine [6]. There communicating with companions and furthermore with
is difference between loneliness as creative part of academics. Almost of all, entering university may mean
human experience and the loneliness of self-rejection, leaving their place, mates and conspicuous condition
which is not really loneliness but anxiety and he thinks and changing in accordance with new circumstances
that the people who try to overcome or escape and presenting afresh. For a couple of individuals this
loneliness will end only by becoming self-alienated [7]. change is coming ordinary, yet some are defying loss of
Alienation refers to a psychological state of an individual employments and status [11]. Advancement from
characterized by feelings of estrangement [8]. Levin secondary school to college is differentiated and an
found that “alienation is related to anomie and personal origin procedure, encountering stages, for instance,
disorganization, but that is not identical with them.” examination, changing, and consolidation [12]. The
Chaturvedi is of the belief that alienation carried to articulation, first year change response portrays a lot of
extremes explodes into revolutionary consciousness manifestations that first year undergraduates may
and action. The greatest tragedy of the modern age is involvement in connection with academic experience:
that even our frustration, alienation and anger are a uneasiness, gloom, forlornness, estrangement [13].
slam, a colossal hoax, a sort of opium to calm the These responses are not normal, but rather the way that
nerves of the privileged few. According to him, they may feel signals of the significance of the
alienation acts as a spur to creativity only so long as the progressions associated with beginning the life as an
commitment to the society which alienates exists. New undergrad. A considerable lot of the distinctions
dimensions to the concept of alienation have been comprise of ending up progressively autonomous,
added by Prasad, Engaberg, Hallen and Wolff, all of having the capacity to arrange very own life, to
whom felt that alienation is a silent protest of the organize, to arrange and to consent to the necessities
individual against the prevalent values and norms of the forced by the teachers. Some of the times, the majority
groups or the society. Thus alienation is a cognitive of that can be unique since undergraduates need to
state of apathy towards, involvement in life activities and keep up their duties to a base so as to have some good
distrusts throughout one’s life. As a result of alienation times, to live without outer control, defer stress with
feelings, one gradually begins to lose his identity vocation commitments or "adult undertakings". All in all,
permanently and presents to the world a picture of a lost is no big surprise that they feel distance? A decent
child. To be accepted in a group, one has to cope with progress is viewed as an adjustment to the academic
the rapidly changing conditions. The adjustment with the setting, and is set in connection with prosperity so as to
environment is essential. Today we live in a country torn keep away from the numerous assignment of
apart by various destructive forces. Violence and adjustment idea. Mental prosperity for scholarly
corruption are affecting the present generation in an progress implies the capacity to adapt to the
increased manner. Our society has become a commitments as an undergraduate, to manage an
degenerated one in many aspects. On close analysis, intricate and new circumstance, to continue inherent
we can observe that the present confusion and chaos inspiration, to wake up on time toward the beginning of
arise out of a lack of understanding and discord among the day and to take an interest, get involved and finish
individuals, who are brought up in different work at the deadlines [14]. So as to meet all the above
circumstances. Thus adjustment problems in students mentioned, there are a few variables included, factors
are increasing day by day and have challenged the that are associated with outside assets or inward assets
thought of psychologists, sociologists and educationists. of an undergraduate. Because of every above reason
Adjustment as a process finds and adopts models of undergraduate may feel hesitate in adjusting in every
behaviour suitable to the context or change in context. one of these circumstances in college life, so
The favourable neutral and unfavourable adaption of an adjustment issues happen.
organism to external and internal stimulation and the A person needs social adjustment, emotional
process by which individual or groups accept, adjustment as well as educational adjustment also.
compromise with or acquire with social forces or one Better adjustment encourages him to defeat from
another [9]. various troubles. It makes great association with the
Adjustment is the process by which a living organism society, with friend gathering. It will make the great
maintains a balance between its needs and the connection with college and oneself too. Adjustment is a
circumstances that influence the satisfaction of these continuous interest in the world is unavoidable with each
needs [10]. The process of adjustment has two primary circumstance or condition teenagers need to acclimate
or main elements: one, the needs of the living organism, to make great social relationship to improve academic
and two, the conditions or circumstances that influence accomplishment, to keep away from enthusiastic
Sharma & Sharma, International Journal on Emerging Technologies 10(2b): 63-68(2019) 64
imbalance. Adjustment is a steady strategy where an II. METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN
individual varies his conduct to convey a continuously
Problem: To study the levels of alienation and
pleasing association among himself and his condition.
Change of an undergraduate is identified with landing at adjustment among under graduate level students.
Objectives
a decent state between his needs and fulfilment. Need
of individual are multidimensional. Good adjustment is (i) To study the effect of alienation on overall adjustment
sensible and fulfilling. Undergraduates have great of undergraduate level students.
(ii) To study the effect of alienation on home adjustment
adjustment in all part of their life if there is balance
between their academic-intellectual, emotional, social of undergraduate level students.
and different needs and their fulfilment. Individual- (iii) To study the effect of alienation on health
excellence is conceivable on one hand by instilling, adjustment of undergraduate level students.
developing and creating logical disposition and a soul of (iv) To study the effect of alienation on social adjustment
enquiry in the brains of the young and then again by of undergraduate level students.
advancing innovativeness and imaginative even in them III. HYPOTHESES
to manage any challenging demands. Adjustment as an
achievement infers how the reasonability with which an 1. There is no significant effect of alienation on
individual can work in changed conditions and is adjustment of undergraduate level students.
everything viewed as related to his adequacy and saw 2. There is no significant effect of alienation on home
as an achievement that is rehearsed either severely or adjustment of undergraduate level students.
well [15]. Adjustment, despite the fact that an 3. There is no significant effect of alienation on health
environment can be examined through its different adjustment of undergraduate level students.
perspectives or aspects like health adjustment, home- 4. There is no significant effect of alienation on social
adjustment and school or professional adjustment. It adjustment of undergraduate level students.
measures, how much one might be portray as adjusted. IV. VARIABLES OF THE STUDY
Each snapshot of one's life one needs to do either. To
have the capacity to do it one must know the correct In the present study the independent variable is
and terrible of things and activities. In such manner his Alienation. The dependent variable in this study is
social commitments and obligations he needs to create Adjustment.
sound reasoning of life. Educational adjustment is the
limit of an individual to react to the educational condition V. SAMPLE
it in clefs curricular and co-corrector activities. The real
A sample pool of 600 students, through simple random
part of adolescent life is spent in the college one of the sampling technique, was taken for the conduct of
critical capacity of teaching is to assist the
present study. Out of which 300 males and 300 females
undergraduates with developing those abilities that may
were selected.
assist them with making effective adjustment throughout
everyday life. A well-adjusted individual has not many VI. DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOLS
things to whine about. Poor college adjustment prompts
low scholastic achievement, social issues and even In the present study the investigators used the Student
school dropout. Except if the issues of adjustment are Alienation Scale (SAS) by Dr. R.R. Sharma. It measures
analyzed it is difficult to embrace remedial measures. the alienated behaviour of college students. This scale
The beginning of youths is different from culture to consists of 54 selected items. Its reliability was
culture, contingent upon the financial state of the determined by split half method and it was calculated by
society. The sound mental health is one of the major K.R. method. To measure adjustment, the scale
required conditions of development. So an appropriate prepared by Prof. A.K.P. Sinha (Patna) and Prof. R. P.
guidance is required for satisfactory adjustment in Singh was used.
college, home and society. Adolescence is set apart VII. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
with various issues which influence the psychological
well-being. The study of undergraduates is critical so as Table 1: The Correlation between Alienation and
to protect, fix and forestall frequencies of Adjustment of Undergraduate Level Students.
maladjustment.As we have seen alienation as a psycho- Coefficient
social phenomenon is growing among students at Variables N of Remark
almost all levels of educational institutions. At the same Correlation
time adjustment problems in students are increasing
day by day and have challenged the thought of Alienation & Significant at
600 -0.49
psychologists, sociologists and educationists. In a Adjustment .01 Level
developing democracy like ours, much socio-economic
Table 2: The Correlation between Alienation and
and educational progress depends upon the healthy
Home Adjustment of Undergraduate Level Students.
adjustment of our youth. It is to be realized that
academic achievement of the students basically Coefficient
depends upon their health, social, emotional, Variables N of Remark
educational and personal adjustment. The present Correlation
mechanical and stressful life situations have adversely Alienation &
affected individual’s adjustment in different spheres of Significant at
Home 600 -0.36
life. .01 Level
Adjustment

Sharma & Sharma, International Journal on Emerging Technologies 10(2b): 63-68(2019) 65

 Table 3: The Correlation between Alienation and H 0: There is no effect of alienation on adjustment of
Health Adjustment of Undergraduate Level undergraduate level students is rejected.
Students. 2. Effect of alienation on home adjustment of
undergraduate level students.
Coefficient After analysis of study it is revealed that a negative
Variables N of Remark correlation found between alienation and home
Correlation adjustment of undergraduate level students. The
Alienation & computed value of r = - 0.36 found significant at .01
Significant
Health 600 -0.41 level of confidence. So it is clear that alienation has an
at .01 Level
Adjustment impact on home adjustment.
H 0: There is no effect of alienation on home adjustment
Table 4: Correlation between Alienation and Social of undergraduate level students is rejected.
Adjustment of Undergraduate Level Students. 3. Effect of alienation on health adjustment of
undergraduate level students.
Coefficient It is revealed that the coefficient of correlation is -0.41
Variables N of Remark between alienation and health adjustment of
Correlation undergraduate level students. The value of r found to be
significant at .01 level of confidence. It shows that
Alienation & alienation and health adjustment of undergraduate level
Significant
Social 600 -0.32 students are negatively correlated. Alienation affects
at .01 Level
Adjustment health adjustment of undergraduate level students in a
negative way.
The correlation between alienation and adjustment of H 0: There is no effect of alienation on health adjustment
undergraduate level students is shown in Table 1. Study of undergraduate level students is rejected.
of table 1 shows that the r-value between the two 4. Effect of alienation on social adjustment of
variables is -0.49. The value of r = - .49 is found undergraduate level students.
significant at .01 level. Hence, the null hypothesis that It is found that the value of coefficient of correlation
“There is no effect of alienation on adjustment of between alienation and social adjustment is -0.32. This
undergraduate level students” is rejected. Alienation and value was found significant at .01 level of confidence.
adjustment of undergraduate level students are Thus a significant relationship was found between
negatively correlated. alienation and social adjustment of undergraduate level
The correlation between alienation and home students. So, it can be said that these two variables
adjustment of undergraduate level students is shown in have a negative relationship in case of undergraduate
table 2. From the Table 2 it is revealed that the r-value level students. Alienation affects social adjustment of
between alienation and home adjustment is -0.36. The undergraduate level students in negative manner.
value of r is found significant at .01 levels. Hence the H 0: There is no effect of alienation on social adjustment
hypothesis that “There is no effect of alienation on home of undergraduate level students is rejected.
adjustment of undergraduate level students”, is rejected.
So, both the variables are found to be negatively IX. CONCLUSION
correlated.
On the basis of findings, it can be concluded that
The correlation between alienation and health
1.There is a negative correlation between alienation and
adjustment of undergraduate level students is shown in
adjustment of undergraduate level students. Alienation
Table 3. A study of table 3 indicates that the r-value
affects adjustment negatively.
between alienation and health adjustment is -0.41. The
2. Alienation and home adjustment of undergraduate
value of r is found significant at .01 level. Thus, the
level students are negatively correlated. Alienation
hypothesis that “There is no effect of alienation on
affects home adjustment in negative manner.
health adjustment of undergraduate level students”, is
3. Alienation and health adjustment of undergraduate
rejected. Thus, alienation and health adjustment of
level students are negatively correlated. Alienation
undergraduate level students are negatively correlated.
affects health adjustment in negative way.
The correlation between alienation and social
4. Alienation and social adjustment of under graduate
adjustment of undergraduate level students is shown in
level students have negative correlation. Alienation
table 4. A glance at table 4 revealed that the coefficient
affects social adjustment negatively.
of correlation between alienation and social adjustment
is found -0.32. The value of r = -0.32 is significant at .01 X. EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY
level. Hence the hypothesis that “There is no effect of
alienation on social adjustment of undergraduate level This study depicts adjustment of undergraduates in five
students”, is rejected. Alienation and social adjustment areas health, social, personal, emotional, educational.
are negatively correlated. The distinguishing proof of low adjustment areas helps
in understanding the idea of adjustment issues and
VIII. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY taking measures in expanding the adjustment in that
specific area. So the foundations can give chances to
1. Effect of alienation on adjustment of
scholastic help, social and individual help to build their
undergraduate level students.
adjustment. The undergraduates of low alteration may
The coefficient of correlation between the scores of
keep up solid enthusiastic bonds. They can include in
alienation and adjustment of undergraduate level
grounds life. Undergraduates adjustment in accordance
students is -0.49, which shows negative correlation. On
with the college condition has been connected to
the basis of analysis of the value of ‘r’ was found to be
student association in the college and has gave off an
significant at .01 level of confidence. Thus, it is revealed
impression of being a main consideration in
that alienation affects adjustment of undergraduate level
understudies overall adjustment. The progress to
students. There is a negative relationship between
college is hard for some students and students need
alienation and adjustment.
backing and consolation to join different associations
Sharma & Sharma, International Journal on Emerging Technologies 10(2b): 63-68(2019) 66
and take an interest in exercises to feel like they are a society. Consequent to this the students begin to
part of college. Exercises serve as a method for dealing generate feeling of frustration. The net result is that the
with stress, yet additionally have helped students in students become alienated. The solutions received by
making new companions and discovering their place in the alienated lot of the institution in different regions of
college environment. life space does little to instils among the students a
The results of the present study appear to be hopeful feeling of worth, a sense of confidence in their abilities
and positive. As this study shows alienation as a and a feeling of security against possible hazards they
psycho-social phenomenon is growing among students. may have to face in future. So the teacher can provide
The students expect a fascinating life in college but more opportunities to the students so that they can
when they don’t get it they feel alienated. Such students express themselves in the classroom situations. The
should be supported and cared in campus. Alienation teacher can organize such curricular and co-curricular
influences socialization process meaning that alienation activities that the students get more chances to adjust in
produces shirking of social contact and unacceptable their classroom-environment. If the teacher observes
change in accordance with social association. any alienated student in his classroom; he can give
Individuals, who feel separated show less activity, are more attention to that student. The teacher should be
not engaged with tending to questions and defer impartial to all the students so that they can discuss
scholastic errands. There is an immediate their problems to the teacher. The teacher should
correspondence among adjustment and the sentiment motivate the students who are unwilling to learn.
of joy with accomplishment in scholastic contribution. Besides this the teachers must be trained to recognize
The majority of the above are vulnerable to and meet students’ needs that have evolved through
enhancements and along these lines reduce the societal changes. The teacher should fulfill all the needs
vulnerability in day by day roles or the feeling of of child development in school environment. So the
separation. Structuring little intercession projects like teacher must assistance in lessening estrangement and
socialization week or intervention exercises lessens increment change and scholarly accomplishment of the
alienation and encourages keep on remaining in students. The implications of this study might be useful
college. The exercises appropriate for intercessions to the principals and educators of colleges. Principal
projects acquaint students with the propensities for and educators may support a greater amount of shared
college life and enable them to acclimate with the comprehension, cooperativeness and cause less of
environment and with commitments and rights that they psychophysical obstructions, risk and control. They can
must know about. Better adjustment increases and with give chances to students to involve in basic leadership
it the feeling of being estranged from everyone else and procedure, collaboration and articulation of thoughts for
lacking comprehension of life matters diminishes Also, development of college condition. If such atmosphere is
socialization exercises among more established and created students are certain to drive better
more young students add to a higher feeling of worth accomplishment and change, which is probably going to
and a superior mental self-portrait. By and by, a well prompt their more noteworthy identification with their
adjustment is better and the odds to graduate build up institution and its different exercises.
[16-18]. Thus the findings of this study may be useful for
This study may be helpful to the teachers also. The education policy planners in order to assess and modify
behaviour manifestations of alienation in educational their schemes, pertaining to the development of
situations are too apparent to describe. Students are adjustment of the students. Present study can give
under constant situational pressure and constraints better approaches for speculation to better arranging
which slowly but steadily make them alienated. The and powerful execution of educational programmes so
curricular experiences offered to the pupils are of little that the students may better adjust in their environment.
help to them in becoming a productive member of the

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