Data Science, Machine Learning, and Analytics - Detailed Notes
Week 1: Foundations
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1. Introduction to Data Science:
- An interdisciplinary field focused on extracting knowledge from data using techniques from
statistics, computer science, and domain expertise.
2. Introduction to Machine Learning (ML):
- ML allows systems to learn from data and improve from experience without being explicitly
programmed.
3. Types of Data:
- Structured: Tabular data, databases.
- Unstructured: Images, audio, text.
- Semi-structured: JSON, XML.
4. Data Science Life Cycle:
- Steps: Problem understanding, data collection, preprocessing, EDA, modeling, evaluation,
deployment, monitoring.
5. Data Preprocessing:
- Handling missing data: Imputation (mean, median), deletion.
- Encoding categorical variables: One-hot encoding, label encoding.
- Feature scaling: Normalization, standardization.
6. Evaluation Metrics:
- Classification: Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-score, ROC-AUC.
- Regression: MAE, MSE, RMSE, R2-score.
7. Python for DS:
- Libraries: numpy, pandas, matplotlib, seaborn, scikit-learn.
- Usage: Data manipulation, visualization, ML modeling.
Week 2: EDA and Tools
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1. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA):
- Summary statistics, visualizations (histograms, boxplots, pairplots).
2. Imputation Techniques:
- SimpleImputer, KNN Imputation, Interpolation.
3. Outlier Detection:
- IQR method, Z-score method.
4. Normalization & Standardization:
- Normalization: (x-min)/(max-min)
- Standardization: (x-mean)/std
5. Tools:
- WEKA: GUI tool for machine learning.
- MATLAB: High-performance numerical computing tool.
Week 3: Visualization & Supervised Learning
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1. Data Visualization:
- Libraries: Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly.
2. Data Augmentation:
- Techniques: flipping, cropping, rotating images.
3. Supervised Learning:
- Linear Regression: y = mx + c.
- Logistic Regression: Sigmoid function for binary classification.
- Decision Trees: Tree-based structure for splitting features.
4. Mathematics for DS:
- Statistics, Probability, Linear Algebra basics.
5. Power BI:
- Business Intelligence tool for dashboard creation.
Week 4: Probability & Optimization
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1. Bayes Theorem:
- P(A|B) = [P(B|A) * P(A)] / P(B)
2. Probability Distributions:
- Normal, Binomial, Poisson.
3. Gradient Descent:
- Optimization algorithm to minimize cost function.
4. Overfitting & Underfitting:
- Overfitting: high training accuracy, poor test accuracy.
- Underfitting: poor accuracy on both.
5. Cross Validation:
- k-Fold CV to evaluate models.
6. Hyperparameter Tuning:
- Techniques: GridSearchCV, RandomizedSearchCV.
Week 5: Unsupervised & Reinforcement Learning
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1. Clustering:
- K-Means, Hierarchical, DBSCAN.
2. Dimensionality Reduction:
- PCA: Reduce high-dimensional data.
3. Reinforcement Learning:
- Agent, environment, rewards.
- Q-Learning, SARSA.
Week 6: NLP & Time Series
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1. Predictive Analytics:
- Forecasting future events using current data.
2. NLP Techniques:
- Tokenization, Stopword removal, TF-IDF, Word2Vec.
3. Time Series Analysis:
- Components: trend, seasonality.
- ARIMA, Exponential Smoothing.
Week 7: Deep Learning & Computer Vision
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1. Image Processing:
- Using OpenCV for basic filters and transformations.
2. Deep Learning:
- ANN: Input, hidden, output layers.
- CNN: Convolution, pooling, activation layers.
- RNN/LSTM: For sequential data.
3. Frameworks:
- TensorFlow and Keras.
4. Video Processing:
- Frame capturing, motion detection.
Week 8: Deployment & Databases
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1. SQL Basics:
- Queries: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.
- Joins, GROUP BY, HAVING.
2. Model Deployment:
- Flask: Lightweight web framework.
- FastAPI: Fast, modern API development.
- Streamlit: UI for ML apps.
3. Cloud Deployment:
- Platforms: Heroku, AWS, Azure.
Week 9: Cloud & LLMs
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1. Azure & AWS:
- Basics of cloud platforms.
- Storage, virtual machines, ML tools.
2. Large Language Models (LLMs):
- Examples: GPT, BERT.
- Applications: Text generation, summarization.
Week 10: Math, DVP, IoT
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1. Math for ML:
- Linear Algebra: Vectors, matrices.
- Probability: Bayes, conditional probability.
2. DVP:
- End-to-end data visualization projects.
3. IoT Analytics:
- Devices, sensors, streaming data analysis.
Week 11: Big Data & Resume
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1. Big Data Analytics:
- Hadoop, Spark, Hive.
- Parallel and distributed processing.
2. Resume Building:
- Tailored to DS roles.
- Highlight projects, tools, certifications.
Week 12: Mock Interviews & Final Assessment
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1. Mock Interviews:
- Technical (Python, ML), Case studies, HR round.
2. Final Project Review:
- Capstone project presentation.
