Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS 2022)

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21K74-ART; ISBN: 978-0-7381-1327-2

Advanced Wireless techniques to avoid accidents on

roads through wearing Smart helmet
Mr. Muneshwara M S1
Research Scholar, Dept. of CSE,
BMS Institute of Technology & Management Yelahanka, Mr. Anand R2
Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India. Research Scholar, Dept. of CSE,
1
[email protected] BMS Institute of Technology & Management Yelahanka,
Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India.
Mr. Shivakumara T3 2
[email protected]
Research Scholar, Dept. of MCA,
2022 5th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS) | 978-1-6654-1272-8/21/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICICCS51141.2022.9432193

BMS Institute of Technology & Management Yelahanka,

Mrs. Swetha M S4
Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India
3
[email protected]
Research Scholar, Dept. of CSE,
BMS Institute of Technology & Management Yelahanka,
Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India
Dr. Chethan A. S5 4
[email protected]
Professor, Dept. of Mathematics, BMS Institute of
Technology & Management Yelahanka, Bengaluru-560064,
Karnataka, India., [email protected]

Abstract. Accidents will mainly occur when the individual or group which occur and learn every single day in our life. Every
of people get distracted from driving. Distraction together with accident may be in the personal life or may be in the road; has
carelessness of the rider is considered as one of the major causes its root causes somewhere either in you or somewhere linked
for accidents. In spite of having strict laws that mandates
to you nearby. Like the crisis which one suffer in life, any
motorcycle riders to wear helmets and not consume alcohol before
driving, where riders do not follow it. In order to overcome this kind of road accident is also a devastator which can make you
problem, this research work proposes an intelligent system called know how important life is, and how crucial it is for one to
the “Smart helmet”. The presence of the helmet and alcohol keep safety precaution along with while moving out on a ride
detection data has been analyzed on smart phone by making it a [8]. On this basis, new 21st century auto-technologies have
smart device. The proposed system is designed in such a way that, reduced road accidents drastically by adapting safety
only when the conditions are satisfied, the bike will get started. This precautions. Coming to the motorcycle accidents in which
will safeguard the rider in wearing the helmet strictly and also it riders suffer on roads, may be due to speeding, consuming
will refrain from driving, when the rider has consumed alcohol. alcohol or some other reason that lies within; or the accidental
During the bike ride, if any accident occurs then the GSM system
causes that are not due to personal carelessness but because of
detects and intimates the relatives and/or friends by sending the
geographical location of rider via SMS.
mistakes caused by some other source like any other vehicle
colliding, bad weather etc., where the biker suffers from a
Keywords: Accident detection, alert system, alcohol crisis; there are a lot of things to discuss. This article will put a
detection, biker’s safety, geo-location, smart helmet, limelight on the motorcycle accidents keeping in mind on
sensors. what are all the real causes that leads to motorcycle accidents,
how are these accidents need to be prevented and what all help
one can have from the motor cycle accident attorney.
I. INTRODUCTION “Accidents are most common in people who love to enjoy the
journey of life without keeping safety!” It is fair to enjoy your
Since many decades, it has been witnessed that, rides, enjoy the riding; but it is always better to keep safe
various technological developments are changing how things concerns with you while riding on roads. As the say goes
are being done actually. More and more innovations have “Accident hurts! Safety doesn’t!” [8].
come up to solve the today’s challenges that are frequently One such safety device to prevent motorcycle accident is
faced by humans, since the evolution. Automobile industry is the helmet. Helmet is a hard or padded protective hat [9].
one among these sectors, which has been swiftly adapting the Hence, the constitutions from all over the countries have made
technological innovations to reduce death and casualty during a law on motor-powered riders to attire a helmet compulsorily
accidents. The solution to accidents is mostly awareness and and not to consume alcohol while riding. But, we see still
appropriate for technical inventions [7]. A famous quote people are violating this rules. To overcome this situation, an
explains, “If you close your eyes to the fact, you will learn easy and a cost effective smart system is been proposed, the
through accidents!” There are many cases of such accidents, ‘INSOLENT HELMET’, which by design authorisations

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 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS 2022)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21K74-ART; ISBN: 978-0-7381-1327-2

whether the helmet is wore by the rider and non-alcoholic Due to low cost, two wheelers are widely used form of
breath before riding. This smart system consisting of a transportation. Generally, it is observed that most of the riders
transmitter located in the helmet and a receiver in the refuse to wear helmet which leads to the resulting in serious
motorbike. This smart system is capable of providing security accidents. The two major factors of the road accidents are
and safety of the bikers in case of a road accident. driving under the influence of alcohol and driving under
This smart system comprises of MQ 135 an alcohol sensor drowsy conditions. Statistics reveals that 35% of the accidents
which detect whether the rider has consumed alcohol, a switch were caused by two- wheelers, in that 60% of the accidents are
which sense helmet and detects the rider had worn a helmet or instigated due to want of consciousness, driving under the
not and finally received output is fed to the Micro Controller influence of alcohol and driving without wearing helmet.
Unit (MCU). Since the sensors and switch are place in the Various walks of people exist in life like the postman
helmet, if any case the rider violates the condition the ignition or delivery boy, who extensively use two wheelers to perform
of the engine will not take place. their tasks. They are the ones who perform the last mile
The functions of other blocks in this smart system are operations. It is important to give them a sense of assurance in
controlled by micro control unit. MCU generates the digital case of emergencies like road accidents. This was one of the
data from the input data received by sensors. In case of main factors for proposing this paper.
accident, GSM system will globally locate the biker and This paper aims in minimizing accidents by
immediately sends the information about the location of developing a smart system which can detect helmet. The unit
accident as a SMS to registered mobile number. On detecting is fixed in the helmet, such that, the unit will sync with the
the rash driving with the help of sensor, appropriate messages other unit that is fixed on bike. This will confirm that the rider
will be sent to registered mobile number. has worn the helmet.
In India, as year goes on the traffic accidents has been
increased widely. As per the Motor Vehicles Act 1988, section
II. LITERARY SURVEY 129, it is very much required that for every single two-wheeler
rider to attire protective headgear following to ethics of the
The literature survey was performed to envisage the accidental BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards). Also, according to the
data by both bicycle and motor cycle due to non-precautionary Motor Vehicle act 1939, riding the vehicle by consuming
measurements. Base on survey, the children’s between the age 5- alcohol is a criminal offence, rider will be penalized strictly in
14 years ride bicycles. In US 70% of children use bicycles case he is found guilty. In most cases we have seen bikers
(Sacks et.al., 1996). Injuries with Bicycle riding has ranked hoodwinking the system. There are three main issues which
secondly, whereas the first being with motor vehicles (Wilson we are addressing to minimize accidents. The first issue is to
et. al., 1991). From the survey of National Highway Traffic detect the rider has worn helmet or not. If any case helmet is
Safety Administration (2008) around 698 bicyclists lost their worn then only the ignition will begin that can be attain using
life and 44,000 were injured in 2007. Among them 15% of FSR sensor. Secondly, alcohol detection sensor (MQ-3) is
those who lost their life and 29% of those injured were under used as breath analyser. If it goes beyond certain acceptable
the oldness of 16. From these data it confirm that around 10 to 15- range, then ignition in the bike will not be permitted. When
years of oldness group had the highest fatality rate of 46% and these two settings are fulfilled then ignition will start. The 3 rd
injury rates of 162% which is further than the average rate for issue is most importantly in getting timely medical help. As
all bicyclists. per the survey every second persons decease due to late
medical help or the accidents that take place in deserted areas
Three forth of bike related deaths and more than 65% where human activity is zero. The accident can be detected
of bicycle related hospitalization are due to head injuries using the reading of the accelerometer that is placed in the
(Brewer et al., 1995; Rivera et al., 1998). It was also bike unit. We have used two different microcontrollers unit in
documented that head injuries have been reduced to 85% and this system. Arduino Lily pad was used for bike unit and
head injuries by 88% using Bicycle helmets (Thompson, ARM7 lpc2148 was used for helmet. Radio frequency is used
Rivera, & Thompson, 1996). A careful study on crashes in for transmitting signal between the helmet component and
children’s found 63% reduction in the risk of head injury bike element.
(Thomas et. al., 1994). The study also predicts that, serious It is well known that, human behavior related to risk of
head damages were occurred even due to collisions with motor accident was reflected by head gestures and brain activity
vehicle. From the survey by Rivera et al. 1999, children and while riding and this can be analyzed using camera. But, this
youth who did not wear suitably fitted helmets were more work presents a Smart Helmet in order to track the head
likely to be injured than those who wore properly fitted gestures and the brain activity of the rider to recognize
helmets. Helmet misuse between Six to Fifteen oldness anomalous behavior without using any camera. Data extracted
groups was more than double the level observed in the Sixteen from sensor placed in the helmet is used for computing risk of
to Thirty oldness group was deep-rooted by Foss and Beirness an accident (a safety level). This makes Smart Helmet system
(2000). These data specifies that countermeasures that targets an inexpensive, non-intrusive, non-invasive and non-vision-
use of helmet in this age group must also target appropriate based system.
helmet use.

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 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS 2022)
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III. EXISTING WORK module which gives signal to microcontroller which in turns
sends an SMS which contains the latitude and longitude of a
The existing smart system finds uses of MQ3 alcohol sensor area to registered mobile numbers.
from which the presence of alcohol concentration in the
driver’s breath can be detected and also it gives an analog
resistive output based on the alcohol concentration. Output of
the alcohol sensor and a switch is fed to the MCU in order to
control all the functions of other blocks in this system.
The design is developed in such a way that, MCU
receives data from these sensors converts into digital data
analogous to the output of sensors to the encoder only if the
two conditions are satisfied. Alcohol sensing element: MQ-3
alcohol sensing element was used which is controlled through
a NPN power electronic transistor TIP122 by the MCU. [10]
Other existing system uses speed controller. Sensors and
all other components that read the speed of the bike can be
attached to the biker’s helmet, which instructs the rider to
manage the speed based on the obstacles in front of the bike.
In consort with the sensors that limit speed, the helmet also
checks if the rider is under the influence of alcohol and is
currently driving. If the rider is under the influence of alcohol
then the ignition of the bike does not occur eliminating the risk
of the rider proceeding with the ride. Also, this mechanism is
useful in determining the true owner or his/her friend using
voice encrypted password mechanism and check the presence
of helmet using an ultrasonic sensor for detection. [11]
Another smart system to start the bike, when the rider
should wear helmet and he should not be under any influence
of alcohol was also synchronized with the system. Here, RF
transmitter was fixed in the helmet and a receiver was fixed on
the bike. When the rider wear helmet, the sensor will detect
and direct the signal to the receiver that in turn starts the relay
and the ignition starts [12].

Limitations
➢ It does not give any information regarding the
location of accident but just sends a message to the
emergency number.
➢ The helmet is easily breakable and might fail during
severe accidents.
➢ Poor performance.
➢ Relays leads to consume more power.

IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Figure 1: Flow chart of the proposed model
The idea of this work is to give information about the rider This system was organized in such a way that it has two units
wearing the helmet or not, whether the rider drunken or not which is the Transmitter Unit(helmet) and Receiver
and also, when he meets with an accident it gives an Unit(vehicle). Vehicle can be organized using signals from the
information about location where he is met with an accident helmet unit which has a sensor that detects whether the rider
through GSM module to mobile numbers of registered family has worn helmet or not, in case helmet is not worn the vehicle
members, so GSM technology is chosen to give the will not start.
information by sending SMS, using GSM module which has In addition to this alcohol detection sensor is used to
SIM card slot to place the SIM and send SMS. Sending SMS detect whether the rider is under the influence of alcohol or
alone can’t help the driver, if we send an SMS saying that not. If the detected value exceeds the set value the vehicle will
accident had occurred where the ambulance will come without not start. Also, accelerometer sensor is used to detect rash
knowing the location of the accident. So to trace out the driving. If rash driving/accident is detected then SMS will be
location where exactly accident has occurred we use GPS sent to the registered number.

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 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS 2022)
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V. SYSTEM DESIGN

The process of defining the components, modules,

architecture, interfaces and data for a system to fulfil the
specified requirements that can be expressed as system design.
In system design, the system theories are applied to product
development. It is a schematic process, wherein all the related
variables are taken into account and decisions are made on
how the data should travel through the system. The hardware
and software forms the important components of system
design.

The systemhas two units

A. Transmitter Unit (Helmet)

Transmitter unit has alcohol, touch and accelerometer sensor

mounted in it, one of these sensors sense and sends the signal
to the receiver unit through the antenna

Figure 3. Receiver Unit

VI. TECHNICAL STUDIES

A. Renesas Microcontroller

RL78 Family, 16-bit microcontrollers have

extraordinarily high CPU performance of 78K0R which use
functions of R8C and 78K. It offers line-up of 10-128 pin and
1KB to 512 KB products for 8/16-bit market. It has an
efficiency of working at low power consumption of about 46
μA/MHz all through for normal operation and 0.57 μA/MHz
Figure 2. Transmitter Unit during clock operation. One can expect significantly enhanced
power efficiency using RL78 microcontrollers. Incorporated
B. Receiver Unit(vehicle) features like temperature sensor, background operation data
Based on the signal received, the vehicle (i.e.) receiver unit flash capable of 1 million rewrites, high-precision (±1%) high-
takes the necessary action such as not allowing the vehicle to speed on-chip oscillator and interface ports for multiple power
start, locking the ignition etc supplies makes it possible for the effective application [13].

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C. Tilt Sensor (Accident detection)

A tilt sensor is an instrument used to measure tilt of an
object in multiple axes of a reference plane and also tilting
position keeping gravity as a reference which enable easy
detection of inclination or orientation. In some places, they are
also called the tilt switches or rolling ball switches. Since
many years sensor have become thrust instruments/system
being reformed in increasing numbers of high-end
applications. In aviation, the tilt sensors have been used
widely to provide the data with regards to both horizontal and
vertical inclination of an airplane. The data was used by the
pilots to tackle the situation during flying. Stunt pilots use data
given by the tilt sensors to understand the orientation of the
plane. It is the tilt sensor data which helps pilots create
spectacular acrobatic performances. In the current system, we
use the tilt sensor by placing it on the helmet of the rider. The
data obtained from the tilt sensor is analysed to detect whether
an accident has occurred or not.

Fig 4. Renesas microcontroller

B. MQ-135 Alcohol Sensor

MQ-135 gas sensor was used to detect the

concentration of alcohol content in human’s breath. It consists
of tin dioxide (SnO2) layer inside the aluminium oxide micro
tubes (measuring electrodes) with a heating element inside a
tubular casing. Sensor front side is enclosed with a stainless
steel mesh and the backside of the sensor holds the connection Figure 5. MQ-135 Circuit Diagram
terminals. If any ethyl alcohol present in human’s breath is
then oxidized to acetic acid when it passes through the heating D. MMA7361 Accelerometer
element. With the reduced number of oxygen atoms close to
the tin dioxide sensing layer, the resistance decreases. The MMA7361 sensor can quantify the dynamic or static (earth’s
resistance variation is converted into a suitable voltage gravity) acceleration in three axes. This accelerometer
variation, by using the external load resistance. The circuit measures the level of acceleration/deceleration of an object
diagram in Figure 5 and the connection arrangement of the and also the tilt of the platform to the earth's axis.
MQ- 135 alcohol is shown below [8].

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Further, this sensor provides zero gravity output which

identifies linear free-fall. MMA7361LC consumes less power E. APPLICATION:
because it supports "Sleep Mode" which is the main feature
for battery power devices. It has low profile capacitive micro ➢ It can be used to detect accident location and provide
machined accelerometer featuring signal conditioning, a self- necessary update to near and dear ones.
test, a temperature compensation, single pole low pass filter ➢ It can be used to avoid accident by discouraging
and zero gravity detect which detects linear free-fall and a g- driving when the rider is under the influence of
Select. The g-Select permits us to select between two alcohol.
sensitivities. This unit can be directly powered with 5V DC ➢ This technology can be modified and implemented to
supply or from a 3.3V ‘Clean’ DC supply [9]. cars where-in seat belts can be used as a point of
trigger.

VII. CONCLUS ION AND FUTURE

ENHANCEMENT

The government has to initiate by making compulsory

Helmet and no Drink and Drive. According to analysis only 10
% of the bike riders follow these rules and many a times these
rules are violated. The previously developed helmets detect
only the presence of helmet and not the alcohol in driver’s
breath. The proposed system provides a “Smart Helmet”
which detects the alcohol consumed by the rider and whether
the rider has worn the helmet or not.
We have introduced an advanced sensors, techniques and
radio frequency wireless communications to make this system
a noble one. This valuable smart system pays attention for the
efficient checking of wearing the helmet and driving under the
influence of alcohol. By implementing this smart system, we
can safeguard the life of a rider by wearing helmet and
eliminate the possibility of driver driving under the influence
of alcohol which makes the journey very safe. This system
consists of both hardware and the software part. The results
obtained from the sensors i.e. IR Sensor for Helmet detection
and MQ303A for alcohol detection will be analysed on the
smart phone. Hopefully the proposed system will provide the
rider’s safety and restrict driving under the influence of
alcohol.
In future, this intelligent system can be further
miniaturized and the scope can be extended to stop no entry
and no parking violations. Government should implement
laws to install such violation detection and avoidance system
in each 2-wheeler. By way of instigating such system in two
wheelers, the deaths which are attributed due to careless
driving and other alternative road fatalities can be bought to
zero percent. In case of any accident, messages can be
periodically sent to friends continuously about the location of
the accident until the first aid reaches the rider. A small
camera can be installed for the recording the driver’s activity.

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Figure 6. Simplified Accelerometer Functional Block Emerging Technology in Computer Science &
Diagram

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 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS 2022)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21K74-ART; ISBN: 978-0-7381-1327-2

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