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Class Notes X-Ray - Ravendra Kumar (RVN SIR)

The document discusses the fundamentals of X-rays, including their discovery, types (continuous and characteristic), and the physics behind their production using an X-ray tube. It explains concepts such as photon energy, Moseley's law, and Bragg's law, emphasizing their applications in measuring crystal dimensions and medical imaging. Additionally, it provides examples of calculations related to X-ray wavelength based on kinetic energy loss.

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30 views8 pages

Class Notes X-Ray - Ravendra Kumar (RVN SIR)

The document discusses the fundamentals of X-rays, including their discovery, types (continuous and characteristic), and the physics behind their production using an X-ray tube. It explains concepts such as photon energy, Moseley's law, and Bragg's law, emphasizing their applications in measuring crystal dimensions and medical imaging. Additionally, it provides examples of calculations related to X-ray wavelength based on kinetic energy loss.

Uploaded by

vrateshe5073
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RVN SIR [ IIT Bombay 9920631025]

Discovered by roentgen in 1895

Order of wavelength = 1 angstrom

Device used in X-ray called X-ray tube

X-ray tube initially designed by Coolidge so called Coolidge tube

Filament voltage will decide how many electron will be ejected from lament, this voltage

Will not decide wavelength of X-ray

Will decide wavelength of X-ray

X-ray divided in two types -

1- continuous X-ray

2- characteristic X-ray

1- continuous X-ray :- when accelerated electrons collide with atoms of target then they looses
their kinetic energy and some part of Kinetic Energy converted in photon and remaining part
received by atoms of target material due to which material get heated.

Energy of photon <= Kinetic Energy of electron


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RVN SIR [ IIT Bombay 9920631025]

Ex-1 operating voltage of X-ray tube is 20KV . If electron looses 5% of Kinetic Energy to produce
X-ray. Calculate wavelength of X-ray.
Ans. 1.24 nm.
Ex -2. In previous question calculate minimum wavelength.
Ans.

2- characteristic X- ray:- when accelerated electron knock out the electron from atom of target
material then electron from higher orbit make transition to ll that vacancy. In such transition
electron releases energy in form of em wave those em wave called characteristic X-ray .
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RVN SIR [ IIT Bombay 9920631025]
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RVN SIR [ IIT Bombay 9920631025]
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RVN SIR [ IIT Bombay 9920631025]

Moseley's law:- [ 1913-1914] he was shot in the head by Turkish sniper at battle of Suvla Bay in
turkey at age of 27. First World War.

a & b depend on series , doesn't depend on material.


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RVN SIR [ IIT Bombay 9920631025]

Characteristic wavelength
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RVN SIR [ IIT Bombay 9920631025]

Bragg's law:- atomic separation is comparable to wavelength of X-ray so di raction pattern of X-ray
Can be achieved by atoms of solid crystal.
We can measure dimensions in crystal using this law.

X-ray quite easily passes through esh but stopped by bones. So we can check fracture in bones.
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RVN SIR [ IIT Bombay 9920631025]

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