Volume 4 || Special Issue 7 || ICCEME 2019-2020 || ISSN (Online) 2456-0774

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

AND ENGINEERING TRENDS

ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION FOR THE V-BELT POWER

TRANSMISSION DRIVE
SYSTEM DESIGN USING SOFTWARE TOOLS
Prof. Yogesh Madhukar Halde
Department of Mechanical Engineering. MVP’S RSM POLYTECHNIC, NASHIK.
[email protected]

Abstract- This paper studies various parameters of flexible machine elements are widely used in
designing the belt drives for power transmission. A industrial application.
new method is introduced here in this research work Although we have some other flexible drives like
which utilizes analytically and simulation calculated rope drive, roller chain drives etc. we will only
data to design the power transmission module for belt
discuss about belt drives.
drives. It has been found that a cumbersome
calculation including twelve design parameters are
ought to make while designing a belt drive. Therefore
here in this paper an attempt has been made to use a
data book to design a belt drive in an easy manner.
Compared to conventional method, proposed method
gives improved results in much less time. This data
book will consist all the necessary parameters and the
designing of belt driven power transmission system
would become easy, efficient, time effective and Figure 1. Belt Drive
calculation less. II. METHODS AND MATERIAL
Keywords – Transmission system, Belt drive, Rope
Literature Review:
drive, Chain drive..
Nomenclature of Open Belt Drive: dL - Diameter of
I INTRODUCTION
the larger pulley.
Belt drives are called flexible machine elements.
Flexible machine elements are used for a large dS - Diameter of the smaller pulley.
number of industrial applications, some of them are αL - Angle of wrap of the larger pulley.
as follows:-
αS - Angle of wrap of the smaller pulley.
1. Used in conveying systems Transportation of
C - Center distance between the two pulleys.
coal, mineral ores etc. over a long distance.
Various Parameters Associated With Belt Drives:
2. Used for transmission of power. Mainly used for
running of various industrial appliances using prime • Pich circle diameter.
movers like electric motors, I.C. Engine etc. • Initial tension.
3. Replacement of rigid type power transmission  Maximum tension.
system.
 Minimum tension.
A gear drive may be replaced by a belt transmission
 Cyclic variation.
system. Flexible machine elements has got an
inherent advantage that, it can absorb a good amount  Belt speed.
of shock and vibration. It can take care of some  Belt length.
degree of misalignment between the driven and the  Wrap angle.
driver machines and long distance power
transmission, in comparison to other transmission  Torque of shaft.
systems, is possible. For the entire above reasons  Drive ratio.

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Belt Tensions: effect will be an increase of the angle of contact or
The belt drives primarily operate on the friction angle of wrap. It will be shown later that due to the
principle, i.e., the friction between the belt and the increase in angle of contact, the power transmission
pulley is responsible for transmitting power from capacity of the drive system will increase. On the
one pulley to the other. In other words the driving other hand, if it is other way round, that is, if the
pulley will give a motion to the belt and the motion slack side is on the lower side and the tight side is
of the belt will be transmitted to the driven pulley. on the upper side, for the same reason as above, the
Due to the presence of friction between the pulley angle of wrap will decrease and the power
and the belt surfaces, tensions on both the sides of transmission capacity will also decrease. Hence, in
the belt are not equal. So it is important that one has case of horizontal drive system the tight side is on
to identify the higher tension side and the lower the lower side and the slack side is always on the
tension side, which is shown in Fig. 2. upper side.
When the driving pulley rotates (in this case, anti-
clock wise), from the fundamental concept of
friction, we know that the belt will oppose the
motion of the pulley. Thereby, the friction, ‘f’ on
the belt will be opposite to the motion of the pulley.
Friction in the belt acts in the direction, as shown in
Fig.2, and will impart a motion on the belt in the
same direction. The friction ‘f’ acts in the same
direction as T2. Equilibrium of the belt segment
suggests that T1 is higher than T2. Here, we will
Figure 2. Belt Tension
refer T1 as the tight side and T2 as the slack side, ie,
T1 is higher tension side and T2 is lower tension Velocity Ratio of Belt Drive:
side. Velocity ratio of belt drive is defined as,
Continuing the discussion on belt tension, the
figures though they are continuous, are represented
as two figures for the purpose of explanation. The Where,
driven pulley in the initial stages is not rotating. The NL and NS are the rotational speeds of the large
basic nature of friction again suggests that the and the small pulley respectively, ‘s’ is the belt slip
driven pulley opposes the motion of the belt. The and ’t’ is the belt thickness.
directions of friction on the belt and the driven ‘or’ It is defined as, The ratio of angular velocity
pulley are shown the figure. The frictional force on of the driver pulley to the angular velocity of the
the driven pulley will create a motion in the driven
direction shown in the figure. Equilibrium of the pulley is known as velocity ratio or speed ratio or
belt segment for driven pulley again suggests that transmission ratio.
T1 is higher than T2. Let,
It is observed that the slack side of the belt is in the d1 = Speed of driver pulley
upper side and the tight side of the belt is in the d2 = Speed of driver pulley
lower side. The slack side of the belt, due to self- n1 = Speed of driver pulley
weight, will not be in a straight line but will sag and n2 = Speed of driver pulley
the angle of contact will increase. However, the Neglecting slip and thickness of belt,
tight side will not sag to that extent. Hence, the net Linear speed of belt on driver = Linear speed of

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belt on driven i.e., πd1n1= πd2n2 can design a belt drive in less than five minutes.
Power Transmission of Belt Drive: An online calculation mechanism (Ref. no.-13) has
Power transmission of a belt drive is expressed as, taken as a base for the compilation of the database.
In this paper only eight table, using only one speed
P = ( T1 – T2 )v (RPM) value, two power (HP) values, four center
distance (inches) values and five different pitch
where,
circle diameter (cms) values are used. While a
complete databook will consist any value of speed,
at every possible power value, for a centre distance
‘ which can vary from 0.1 meter to more than 8
Power Transmission of Belt Drive: meters, and 35 different standard pitch diameters
Power transmission of a belt drive is expressed as,
of pulley. Compiling all of them in a databook will
P = ( T1 – T2 )v
take hundreds of tables and thousands of graphs
where,
and relative indexes can be drawn.
‘P’ is the power transmission in Watt, and ‘v’ is the
In this research work, the RPM value is taken as
belt velocity in m/s.
1400 RPM, used powers are 0.5 HP and 1 HP, and
Design Procedure for Belt Drives:
centre distances are taken as 24, 36, 50 and 60
Designing of belt drives consist of calculating
inches, while pitch circle diameters are taken as 5,
the following parameters;
10, 20, 50 and 60 centimeters. This paper contains
 Unknown diameter or speed*.
3000 calculations, any analytical value of the
 Velocity*. desired design parameter that comes as under
 Constant ‘k’*. above specification can be found with ease.
 Length of belt*. Tables prepared in this paper are;
 Initial tension in the belt*. 1. When RPM of Driving pulley is 1400, Power is
0.5 hp and Center Distance is 24 inches.
 Power*. 2. When RPM of Driving pulley is 1400, Power is
 Bearing force. 0.5 hp and Center Distance is 36 inches.
 Maximum tension/Minimum tension. 3. When RPM of Driving pulley is 1400, Power is
 Cyclic variation. 0.5 hp and Center Distance is 50 inches.
 Wrap angles.
4. When RPM of Driving pulley is 1400, Power is
 RPMs 0.5 hp and Center Distance is 60 inches.
 Torque.
5. When RPM of Driving pulley is 1400, Power is
 Drive ratio. 1 hp and Center Distance is 24 inches.
Note: (*) Necessary parameters for designing
6. When RPM of Driving pulley is 1400, Power is
a belt drive.
1 hp and Center Distance is 36 inches.
III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
7. When RPM of Driving pulley is 1400, Power is
It has been observed that the calculation for
1 hp and Center Distance is 50 inches.
designing the belt drives for power transmission in
machine elements are cumbersome and tidy, thus 8. When RPM of Driving pulley is 1400, Power is
an attempt has been made here in this research 1 hp and Center Distance is 60 inches.
work to compile a databook by which the designer

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Table 1 - When RPM of Driving pulley is 1400, Power is 0.5 hp and Center Distance is 24 inches

Table 2 - When RPM of Driving pulley is 1400, Power is 0.5 hp and Center Distance is 36 inches

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Table 3 - When RPM of Driving pulley is 1400, Power is 0.5 hp and Center Distance is 50 inches

Table 4 - When RPM of Driving pulley is 1400, Power is 0.5 hp and Center Distance is 60 inches

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Table 5 - When RPM of Driving pulley is 1400, Power is 1 hp and Center Distance is 24 inches

Table 6 - When RPM of Driving pulley is 1400, Power is 1 hp and Center Distance is 36 inches

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Table 7 - When RPM of Driving pulley is 1400, Power is 1 hp and Center Distance is 50 inches

Table 8 - When RPM of Driving pulley is 1400, Power is 1 hp and Center Distance is 60 inches

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IV EXPERIMENTAL SETUP center distance; center distance should be increased

by a minimal so that slip phenomenon can be
controlled.
3. Initial tension and bearing load would be
minimum, when the drive ratio is one (1).
a. Belt speed and cyclic variation are
independent of diameters of pulleys.
REFERENCES
[1] Abrate, S. (1992). Vibrations ofbeltsand belt-
drives. Mechanism and Machine Theory, vol. 27,
p. 645-659.
Figure 3. General Overview of Test Rig
This setup is fabricated, knowing the requirements [2] Ananth et al., International Journal of Advanced
of the experiment and considering the flexibility Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945.
needed. It can be employed to practically [3] G Veerapathiran et al. Int. Journal of Engineering
demonstrate the effect of power transmission. Research and Applications (www.ijera.com ISSN
Direct calculation of variation in RPMs is possible. : 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 3 March 2015).
This test rig can be employed for center distance [4] J.E Shigley and C.R Mischke , Mechanical
varying from 12 inches to 72 inches. Engineering Design , McGraw Hill Publication,
5th Edition. 1989.
Characteristics of test rig:
1. Flexible horizontal and vertical [5] Khurmi, R.S. and Gupta J.K., Text book on
movement of driven shaft. Machine Design, , New Delhi.
2. Pulley of variable diameter can be used. [6] Leamy,M.J.,Wasfy,T.M.(2002).Transient and
3. Center distance is changeable. steady-state dynamic finite element modeling of
4. Simple procedure of analysis. belt-drives. Journal of Dynamic Systems,
Measurement, and Control,vol.124, p. 575-581.
V RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
[7] M.Dudziak, Directionsin development of flexible
It has been observed that, the compilation of the
connector belts design, In: Modelling and
database in this form is possible and be fruitful for
the designing of belt drives. It must also be noted that Simulation in Machinery Productions, Proceedings
any databook do have analytically calculated data ofInter. Conference „Modelling and Simulation in
and there is always room for variation from actual Machinery Productions” 1997, Puchov, Slovakia.
practical experiment. Even in this research, it has [8] M.F Spotts, Design of Machine Elements, Prentice
been found that various factors enlighten some errors Hall India Pvt. Limited, 6th Edition, 1991.
in the readings. Although the values having room for
[9] Module for belt drives, ME Dept., IIT Khargpur.
minute errors, still that comes under safe design due
to design consideration parameters. [10] PSG Design Data Book, Published by
Kalaikathir Achchagam, Coimbatore – 641037.
VI CONCLUSION
[11] Sharma, C.S. and Purohit Kamalesh, Design of
1. It has been observed that, the compilation of the
Machine Elements, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi,
database in this form is possible and be fruitful
[12] V.Maleev and James B. Hartman , Machine
for the designing of belt drives. Following
Design, CBS Publishers And Distributors.3rd
important concluding points came out regarding
Edition. 1983.
effects of power transmission after deeply
[13] http://www.gizmology.net/pulleysbelts.htm
analyzing the report;
[14] www.wikipedia.com/Belt drives, belt
2. Tension in belt gets reduced, while the
transmission.
drive operates. That suggests, elongation takes
place in rotational motion. Thus, it must affect the
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