Systems Operation

966F Wheel Loader and 966F Series II Wheel Loader Hydraulic System

(1) Pilot control valve (2) Auxiliary cylinders (if equipped) (3) Implement lockout feature (4) Tilt cylinder (5) Lift
cylinders 6) Shuttle valve (if equipped) (7) Ride control accumulator (if equipped) (8) Ride control valve (if equipped)
(9) Main control valves (10) Pressure control and selector valve (11) Main relief valve (12) Check valve (13) Check
valve (14) Oil line to steering system (15) Motor (if equipped) (16) Control valve (if equipped) (17) Pump (if equipped)
(18) Implement pump (19) Hydraulic pump (20) Pilot oil line to steering system (21) Pilot relief valve (if equipped) (22)
Pressure reducing valve (if equipped) (23) Axle oil cooler (if equipped) (24) Breaker relief valve (25) Pilot pump (26)
Hydraulic oil filter (27) Hydraulic tank (A) Pilot oil line to brake system

The implement hydraulic system is composed of two basic circuits: the pilot system and the high
pressure system. Hydraulic oil tank (27) is common to both of the circuits.

The main components of the pilot system consist of the following components: pressure reducing
valve (22), pilot pump section (25), check valves (12) and (13), pressure control and selector valve
(10), implement lockout feature (3) and pilot control valve (1) .

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The main components of the high pressure system consist of the following components: hydraulic oil
filter (26), implement pump (18), main relief valve (11), main control valves (9), tilt cylinder (4) and
lift cylinders (5).

Hydraulic tank (27) is located in the middle of the right side of the machine. Hydraulic oil filter (26) is
mounted in the top of the hydraulic tank. The oil fill cap is attached to the front of the hydraulic oil
tank.

Auxiliary cylinders (2) (if equipped) are located near the bucket.

Tilt cylinder (4) is located in the middle of the loader frame. Lift cylinders (5) are mounted on each
side of the frame.

The pilot pump, the steering pump, and the implement pump are part of hydraulic pump (19).
Hydraulic pump (19) is located under the cab on the left side of the machine. The hydraulic pump is
mounted on the pump drive on the flywheel end of the engine.

The drive end of hydraulic pump (19) is implement pump (18) .

The center section of hydraulic pump (19) is the steering pump. The oil from the steering pump is used
to operate the steering cylinders in order to turn the machine.

The small section of hydraulic pump (19) is pilot pump (25).

Pressure control and selector valve (10) is located near the upper articulation joint on the right side of
the machine

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Pilot control valves (1) are located on the right side of the cab. Access is gained by removing a panel.
Pressure control and selector valve (10) routes hydraulic oil to the pilot valves. Pressure control and
selector valve (10) also provides hydraulic oil to pilot control valves (1). This will allow you to lower
the bucket when the engine is stopped.

Pressure reducing valve (22) (if equipped) is located behind the cab near the brake accumulators.
Access is gained by removing a deck plate. Machines with hydraulic over hydraulic brakes are
equipped with a pressure reducing valve.

Main control valves (9) are located inside the front frame of the machine. Access is gained by
removing a panel.

The main control valves also contain the relief valves for the lift circuits and the tilt circuits.

The pilot control valve controls the pilot pressure to the main control valve. The main control valve
controls the flow of oil to the implement cylinders.

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Side View of the Pilot Control Valve

(1) Tilt valve. (2) Lift valve. (3) Auxiliary valve

When the engine is running, oil flows from the pilot/brake pump to the pilot valve (oil manifold). The
pilot valve reduces the pressure to 2413 ± 200 kPa (350 ± 30 psi).

You can lower the lift arms if the engine is stopped or the implement oil pressure fails. The pilot valve
supplies pilot oil to the pilot control valve at reduced pressure.

Top View of the Control Levers Location

(4) Implement lockout feature

When implement lockout feature (4) is in the LOCKED position, the flow of oil to the pilot valves is
blocked. When implement lockout feature (4) is in the UNLOCKED position, the oil flows through
implement lockout feature (4) to the pilot valves.

Tilt valve (1) has a detent in the TILT BACK position. Lift valve (2) has detents in both the LOWER
position and the RAISE position. Auxiliary valve (3) does not have a DETENT position.

Note: The operation of tilt valve (1), lift valve (2), and auxiliary valve (3) are similar. Only the
operation of the tilt valve is described.

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Tilt Valve in the Hold Position

(5) Pivot plate. (6) Upper plunger for the TILT BACK position. (7) Upper plunger for the DUMP position. (8) Coil
assembly. (9) Retainer. (10) Retainer. (11) Centering spring. (12) Centering spring. (13) Lower plunger. (14) Lower
plunger. (15) Retainer. (16) Retainer. (17) Centering spring. (18) Centering spring. (19) Bias spring. (20) Bias spring. (21)
Inlet. (22) Outlet. (23) Spool. (24) Spool. (25) Main control valve ports.

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HOLD Position
When the tilt valve is in the HOLD position, centering springs (11) and (12), pressure control valve
springs (17) and (18), and bias springs (19) and (20) keep pivot plate (6) in the CENTERED HOLD
position. Pilot pressure oil flows from port (21) to the controlled pressure chambers of spools (23) and
(24).

The position of spools (23) and (24) prevent oil from flowing to the main control valve. The controlled
pressure chambers are open to return port (22). This also provides a passage for the pilot lines from the
main control valve to return port (22). Return port (22) provides a path back to the hydraulic oil tank.

DUMP Position
When the tilt control lever is moved to the DUMP position, pivot plate (5) causes upper plunger (7) to
move downward. As upper plunger (7) moves downward, the force on retainer (10) overcomes spring
(18) .

As pressure control valve spring (18) compresses, spool (24) shifts against bias spring (20). This
moves spool (24) which closes the passage to the hydraulic oil tank. At the same time, pilot oil
pressure at the controlled pressure chamber of spool (24) also increases.

As upper plunger (7) moves down, the oil pressure shifts the main control valve into the DUMP
position.

The oil pressure increases to a pressure that is equal to the oil pressure at pilot oil supply port (21) .

When you move the tilt control lever back to the HOLD position, centering spring (12), pressure
control valve spring (18), and bias spring (20), force spool (24) and upper plunger (7) back into the
HOLD position. The HOLD position is shown in Illustration 3. This prevents any oil flow into
controlled pressure chamber (24). This also opens a passage to return port (22) .

TILT BACK Position

This causes pressure control valve spring (17) to shift spool (23), which increases the control pressure
in the passage to the main control valve.

When coil assembly (8) is energized, the coil assembly holds the implement valve in the TILT BACK
position.

Coil assembly (8) can be deactivated by the bucket positioner or by movement of the tilt control lever.
Approximately 10 percent lever travel is required to deactivate the detent.

When you move the tilt control lever back to the HOLD position, centering spring (11), pressure
control valve spring (17), and bias spring (19), force spool (23) and upper plunger (6) back into the
HOLD position. The HOLD position is shown in Illustration 3. This prevents any oil flow to the main
control valve. This also opens a passage to return port (22) .

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Selector and Pressure Control Valve (Dead Engine Lower)

Selector and Pressure Control Valve

(1) Drain passage. (2) Spacers. (3) Spring. (4) Holes (four). (5) Inlet passage from head end of lift cylinders. (6) Valve
spool. (7) Inlet passage from pilot pump. (8) Holes (two). (9) Outlet passage to lift and tilt pilot valve.

The selector and pressure control valve provides oil flow to the lift and tilt pilot valve. The selector
and pressure control valve also provides pressure oil to the pilot valve in order to lower the bucket
after the engine is stopped.

Pressure oil from the pilot pump flows through inlet passage (7). The pressure of this oil is controlled
by the pilot relief valve. The oil flows through holes (4) in the valve spool (6). The oil flows through
the center of the valve spool and outlet passage (9) to the lift and tilt pilot valve.

A check valve in the line to passage (5) stops the flow of oil to the head end of the lift cylinders. Oil
from the pilot pump can not go through holes (8) and inlet passage (5) because of the check valve.

When the engine is stopped, there is no pressure oil at inlet passage (7). When the engine is stopped
and the lift arms are raised, the weight of the bucket causes oil pressure in inlet passage (5). This oil is
stopped in the line when the lift and tilt pilot valve is in the HOLD position.

When the lift and tilt pilot valve is moved to the LOWER position, the pressure oil in inlet passage (5)
flows through holes (8). The oil then flows through outlet passage (9) to the lift valve spool in the lift
and tilt control valve. The control valve allows oil to flow from the lift cylinders in order to lower the
lift arms. A check valve in the line to passage (7) stops the flow of oil to the pilot pump.

Note: When the engine is stopped and the lift arms are raised, the bucket can also be dumped.

When the engine is stopped, valve spool (6) maintains a maximum pressure from inlet passage (5) to
outlet passage (9) of approximately 2400 kPa (350 psi). When the pressure in outlet passage (9) rises
too high, valve spool (6) moves against spring (3). This decreases the flow of oil through holes (8).
This also decreases the pressure in outlet passage (9) .

Note: The force of spring (3) against valve spool (6) is controlled by spacers (2).

Vane Pump (Implement, Steering, Pilot and Braking)

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1) Housing. (2) Pilot pump. (3) Steering pump. (4) Inlet. (5) Implement pump. (6) Implement pressure outlet. (7) Steering
pressure outlet .

The hydraulic pump system consists of a three-section vane pump. The pumps rotate on a common
shaft. The pumps draw oil from the hydraulic oil tank through inlet (4) .

Pilot section (2) is a straight vane pump. The vanes of a straight vane pump do not have vane inserts.
The pilot section provides the oil that is required to operate the following systems.

pilot control valves

steering metering pump

brake system

Steering section (3) is a cartridge type of vane pump. The steering section provides the oil that is
required in order to operate the steering cylinders.

Implement section (5) is a cartridge type of vane pump. The implement hydraulic system provides the
oil that is required in order to operate the bucket and any work tools.

On machines with air over hydraulic brakes, pilot section (2) has a pressure relief valve in housing (1).
Oil from the relief valve flows through the drain outlet back to the tank.

On machines with hydraulic over hydraulic brakes, pilot section (2) does not have a pressure relief
valve in housing (1). Oil flows from the pilot pump into the housing. The oil flows to the brake system
and to the pressure reducing valve.

Operation Of The Vane Pump Sections

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Steering and Implement Cartridges

(AA) Supply oil. (BB) Pressure oil. (1) Cam ring. (2) Rotor. (3) Outlet. (4) Vane. (5) Inlet. (6) Slot. (7) Passage. (8) Inlet.
(9) Insert. (10) Outlet. (A-F) Different vane positions.

Pilot Cartridge

(AA) Supply oil. (BB) Pressure oil. (1) Cam ring. (2) Rotor. (3) Outlet. (4) Vane. (5) Inlet. (8) Inlet. (10) Outlet. (11)
Passage. (A-F) Different vane positions.

The components of the carriage assembly for a typical vane pump include a plate, an adapter, seal
packs, cam ring (1), rotor (2) and vanes (4) .

Note: Grooves in the flex plates of the steering and implement cartridges allow pressure oil to flow to
slots (6) in rotor (2). Oil from the slots then flows into the area between inserts (9) and vanes (4). The
vanes are pushed out against cam ring (1). Both ends of the vanes are connected by passages (7) in the
rotor. The oil in these passages will keep the pressure even on both ends of the vanes. This oil also
permits the oil behind the vanes to escape as the vanes are pushed in. Refer to illustration 2.

Note: Vanes (4) of the pilot cartridge are pushed outward by centrifugal force. The vanes are pushed
outward along the contour of cam ring (1) by pressure oil in passages (11). Both ends of the vanes are
connected by these passages. The oil in these passages keeps the pressure equal on both ends of the

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vanes. Also, the oil behind the vanes is allowed to escape as the vanes are pushed inward. Refer to
illustration 3.

As rotor (9) turns clockwise, the vanes in positions (F) and (E) move outward along the contour of the
cam ring. As the chamber area between the vanes increases, the oil pressure drops and a vacuum is
created in the chamber. This pressure difference causes oil to flow from the hydraulic oil tank and
through inlet (8). The oil fills the space between positions (E) and (A) .

Oil between the vanes at positions (E) and (D) will be trapped when the vanes pass the end of inlet (8).
As rotor (9) continues to turn, the vanes are pushed inward by the contour of cam ring (1). The
chamber area between the vanes now decreases. The pressure of the oil increases.

The pressurized oil that is between the vanes at positions (A) and (B) is pushed into outlet (3). When
the vane at position (B) passes the end of outlet (3), the cycle is complete.

Note: The oil that enters through inlet (5) flows through the cartridge assembly and through outlet (10)
similarly.

Control Valve
The main control valve is located on the front end frame of the machine. The main control valve
controls the flow of high pressure oil to the implement cylinders.

Tilt Function

Main Control Valve (Tilt Valve Spool in the TILT BACK Position and Lift Valve Spool in the HOLD Position

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(1) Chamber for pilot oil (2) Springs (3) Spring (4) Makeup valve for the rod end of tilt cylinder (5) Passage to the rod
end of the tilt cylinder (6) Passage to the head end of the tilt cylinder (7) Passage (8) Spring (9) Check valve for the tilt
circuit (10) Inlet passage for implement pump oil (11) Tilt valve spool (12) Chamber for pilot oil (13) Passage (14)
Passage (15) Outlet passage to the hydraulic oil tank (16) Lift valve spool

Oil from the implement pump flows through inlet passage (10) to tilt valve spool (11). On machines
with an auxiliary control valve, pump oil flows to the auxiliary valve spool before the oil flows to the
main control valve. Tilt valve spool (11) is spring centered. The tilt valve spool is controlled by pilot
pressure oil. The tilt valve spool has an open center.

HOLD Position

Springs (2) keep tilt valve spool (11) in the HOLD position when there is no pilot pressure oil in
chambers (1) and (12). Spool movement is controlled by pilot pressure oil in chambers (1) and (12) .

When tilt valve spool (11) is in the HOLD position, implement pump oil flows from inlet passage (10)
to passage (14). The oil then flows through outlet passage (15) to the hydraulic oil tank. The position
of the tilt valve spool prevents the flow of oil to passages (5) and (6). The tilt valve spool blocks the
oil in both ends. This prevents the tilt cylinder from moving.

TILT BACK Position

When the tilt control lever is moved to the TILT BACK position, pilot oil flows to chamber (1). Tilt
valve spool (11) moves to the right. Oil flows from inlet passage (10) to check valve (9) .

Check valve (9) does not open until the oil pressure becomes greater than the combined force of spring
(8) and the oil pressure in passage (7). When the check valve opens, oil flows through passage (7) and
out of passage (6) to the head end of the tilt cylinder. This causes the bucket to tilt back.

Oil from the rod end of the tilt cylinder flows in through passage (5). Oil from passage (5) flows
around tilt valve spool (11) and through passage (13). The oil then flows around lift valve spool (16)
and through outlet passage (15) to the hydraulic oil tank. This causes the oil from the rod end of the tilt
cylinder to bypass the lift circuit. This also prevents simultaneous operation of tilting back the bucket
and raising the lift arms.

Note: When tilt valve spool (11) moves fully to the right, implement pump oil will not flow to lift
valve spool (16). The lift circuit will not operate.

DUMP Position

When the tilt control lever is moved to the DUMP position, pilot oil flows to chamber (12). Tilt valve
spool (11) moves to the left. Oil then flows from inlet passage (10) to check valve (9) .

Check valve (9) does not open until the oil pressure becomes greater than the combined force of spring
(8) and the oil pressure in passage (7). When the check valve opens, oil flows through passage (7) and
out of passage (5) to the rod end of the tilt cylinder. This causes the bucket to dump.

Oil from the head end of the tilt cylinder flows through passage (6). Oil from passage (6) flows around
tilt valve spool (11) and through passage (13). The oil then flows around lift valve spool (16) and
through outlet passage (15) to the hydraulic oil tank. This causes the oil from the head end of the tilt
cylinder to bypass the lift circuit. This prevents simultaneous operation of dumping the bucket and
raising the lift arms.

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If the tilt cylinder retracts too fast, the implement pump can not supply enough oil flow to the rod end
of the tilt cylinder. The oil pressure then decreases in passage (5). This causes makeup valve (4) to
move against spring (3). This allows the addition of return line oil to the implement pump oil in order
to prevent damage from cavitation (vacuum) in the hydraulic system.

Note: When tilt valve spool (11) is moved fully to the left, implement pump oil will not flow to lift
valve spool (16). The lift circuit will not operate.

Lift Function

Main Control Valve (Tilt Valve Spool in the HOLD Position and Lift Valve Spool in the RAISE Position)

(10) Inlet passage for implement pump oil (11) Tilt valve spool (13) Passage (14) Passage (15) Outlet passage to the
hydraulic oil tank (16) Lift valve spool (17) Chamber for pilot oil (18) Springs (19) Makeup valve for the rod end of the lift
cylinders (20) Vent passage to the pilot valve (oil manifold) (21) Spring (22) Passage to the rod end of the lift cylinders
(23) Passage to the head end of the lift cylinders (24) Passage (25) Check valve for the lift circuit (26) Spring (27)
Chamber

Oil from the implement pump flows through inlet passage (10) and around tilt valve spool (11) before
the oil reaches lift valve spool (16). On machines with an auxiliary control valve, pump oil flows to
the auxiliary valve spool before the oil flows to the main control valve. Lift valve spool (16) is spring
centered. The lift valve spool is controlled by pilot pressure oil. The lift valve spool has an open
center.

HOLD Position

Springs (18) keep lift valve spool (16) in the HOLD position when there is no pilot pressure oil in
chambers (17) and (27). Spool movement is controlled by pilot pressure oil in chambers (17) and (27) .

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When lift valve spool (16) is in the HOLD position, implement pump oil flows from inlet passage (10)
to passage (14). The oil then flows through outlet passage (15) to the hydraulic oil tank. The position
of the lift valve spool prevents the flow of oil to passages (22) and (23). The lift valve spool blocks the
oil in both ends of the lift cylinder. This prevents the lift cylinder from moving.

RAISE Position

When the lift control lever is moved to the RAISE position, pilot oil flows to chamber (17). This
causes lift valve spool (16) to move to the right. Oil from the implement pump flows into inlet passage
(10). The oil then flows through passage (14) to check valve (25) .

Check valve (25) does not open until the oil pressure becomes greater than the combined force of
spring (26) and the oil pressure in passage (24). When check valve (25) opens, oil flows through
passage (24) and out of passage (23) to the head end of the lift cylinders. This causes the lift arms to
raise.

Oil from the rod end of the lift cylinders flows through passage (22), and around lift valve spool (16).
The oil then flows through passage (13) and passage (15) to the hydraulic oil tank.

LOWER Position

When the lift control lever is moved to the LOWER position, pilot oil flows to chamber (27). Lift
valve spool (16) moves to the left. Oil from the implement pump flows from inlet passage (10),
through passage (14), and to check valve (25) .

Check valve (25) does not open until the oil pressure becomes greater than the combined force of
spring (26) and the oil pressure in passage (24). When check valve (25) opens, oil flows through
passage (24) and passage (22) to the rod end of the lift cylinders. This causes the lift arms to lower.

Oil from the head end of the lift cylinders flows through passage (23), and around lift valve spool (16).
The oil then flows through outlet passage (15) to the hydraulic oil tank.

If the lift cylinder rod retracts too fast the implement pump can not supply enough oil flow to the rod
end of the lift cylinder. The pressure then decreases in passage (22). This causes makeup valve (19) to
move against spring (21). This allows the addition of return line oil to the implement pump oil in order
to prevent damage from cavitation (vacuum) in the hydraulic system.

FLOAT Position

When the lift control lever is moved to the FLOAT position, pilot oil flows to chamber (27) and lift
valve spool (16) moves to the left. Oil from the pilot valve (oil manifold) opens vent passage (20).
This allows makeup valve (19) to open.

Implement oil pressure keeps makeup valve (19) open. The oil from passage (24) and the oil in
passage (22) flow through passage (13). The oil then flows through outlet passage (15) to the hydraulic
oil tank.

The lift cylinders can move freely in either direction according to the force on the bucket. As the lift
cylinder moves, excess oil from the lift cylinders flows to passage (15). The oil then flows to the
hydraulic oil tank.

Auxiliary Function
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Auxiliary Control Valve (Auxiliary Valve Spool in the CLOSE Position and Main Control Valve
Spools in the HOLD Position

(11) Tilt valve spool (15) Outlet passage to the hydraulic oil tank (16) Lift valve spool (28) Chamber for pilot oil (29)
Springs (30) Auxiliary valve spool (31) Passage (32) Spring (33) Check valve for the auxiliary circuit (34) Inlet passage for
implement pump oil (35) Chamber for pilot oil (36) Passage to the drain (37) Passage to the head end of the auxiliary
cylinders (38) Passage to the rod end of the auxiliary cylinders (39) Passage for implement pump oil

The auxiliary control valve is added for machines with auxiliary attachments. The auxiliary control
valve bolts to the tilt control valve. Auxiliary valve spool (30) controls the operation of an auxiliary
attachment such as a logging fork, a side dump bucket, or a multipurpose bucket. This valve is ahead
of the tilt control valve and the lift control valve in the implement hydraulic circuit.

Oil from the implement pump flows through inlet passage (34) to auxiliary valve spool (30). The
auxiliary valve spool is spring centered. The auxiliary valve spool is controlled by pilot pressure oil.
The auxiliary valve spool has an open center.

HOLD Position

Springs (29) keep the auxiliary valve spool in the HOLD position when there is no pilot pressure oil in
chambers (28) and (35). Spool movement is controlled by pilot pressure oil in chambers (28) and (35) .

When auxiliary valve spool (30) is in the HOLD position, implement pump oil flows from inlet
passage (34) to passage (39). Oil from passage (39) then flows around the tilt valve spool and the lift
valve spool. The oil then flows through outlet passage (15) to the hydraulic oil tank.
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The position of the auxiliary valve spool prevents the flow of oil to passages (37) and (38). This blocks
the oil in both ends of the auxiliary cylinders. The auxiliary cylinders will not move.

OPEN Position

When the auxiliary control lever is moved to the OPEN position, pilot oil is sent to chamber (28).
Auxiliary valve spool (30) moves to the right. Implement pump oil flows from inlet passage (34) to
check valve (33) .

Check valve (33) does not open until the oil pressure becomes greater than the combined force of
spring (32) and the oil pressure in passage (31). When check valve (33) opens, oil flows through
passage (31) and out of passage (38) to the rod end of the auxiliary cylinders. This causes the cylinder
rods to retract.

Oil from the head end of the auxiliary cylinders flows through passage (37), and around auxiliary
valve spool (30). The oil then flows through passage (36), and through outlet passage (15) to the
hydraulic oil tank.

Note: When auxiliary valve spool (30) is moved fully in the OPEN position, oil will not flow to the tilt
control valve or the lift control valve. The tilt cylinder and the lift cylinders will not operate.

CLOSE Position

When the auxiliary control lever is moved to the CLOSE position, pilot oil is sent to chamber (35).
Auxiliary valve spool (30) moves to the left. Implement pump oil flows from inlet passage (34) to
check valve (33) .

Check valve (33) does not open until the oil pressure becomes greater than the force of spring (32) and
the oil pressure in passage (31). When check valve (33) opens, oil flows through passage (31) and out
of passage (37) to the head end of the auxiliary cylinder. This causes the cylinder rods to extend.

Oil from the rod end of the auxiliary cylinder flows in through passage (38), and around auxiliary
valve spool (30). The oil then flows through passage (39), and through outlet passage (15) to the
hydraulic oil tank.

Note: When auxiliary valve spool (30) is moved fully in the CLOSE position, pressure oil from the
rod end of the auxiliary cylinders is available to the tilt control valve and the lift control valve. The tilt
circuit and the lift circuit will operate more slowly than normal.

Relief Valve (Main)

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Location of the Main Relief Valve

The main relief valve limits the pressure from the implement pump to the main control valve.

When the pressure at the inlet to the main control valve exceeds the pressure setting of the main relief
valve, the main relief valve opens. The excess hydraulic oil then flows through the main relief valve to
the hydraulic oil tank.

Note: The pressure setting of the main relief valve on standard machines is 20700 ± 340 kPa (3000 ±
50 psi). The pressure setting of the main relief valve on logging machines is 19000 +500 200 kPa
(2750 +73 -30 psi).

1) Inlet. (2) Valve. (3) Seat. (4) Pilot Valve. (5) Locknut. (6) Plunger. (7) Outlets. (8) Passage. (9) Spring. (10) Spring. (11)
Spacer.

Hydraulic oil flows into inlet (1), through the orifice in the center of valve (2), and into the chamber
for spring (9). The oil in the spring chamber contacts valve (4). Seat (3) can not move. Seat (3) is
pressed into the valve body.

When the pressure of the oil in the circuit is less than the relief valve setting, the force of spring (10)
on valve (4) keeps the main relief valve closed.

If the oil pressure in inlet (1) exceeds the relief valve setting, the oil pressure overcomes the force of
spring (10). This causes valve (4) to move down. The oil in the chamber for spring (9) flows through
the hole in seat (3). The oil then flows through passage (8) to the hydraulic oil tank.

When valve (4) opens, the pressure of the oil in the chamber for spring (9) decreases. The force
against the bottom of valve (2) also decreases. The pressure of the oil at inlet (1) moves valve (2)
downward. Oil can then flow through outlets (7), and back to the hydraulic oil tank.

Valve (2) remains down until valve (4) closes. Valve (4) will close when the pressure at inlet (1) drops
below the pressure setting of the relief valve.

The pressure setting of the main relief valve can be adjusted by locknut (5), plunger (6) and spacer
(11) .

Bucket Control

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The bucket control group consists of the components that are identified in illustration 1. This type of
bucket control group is known as a Z-bar linkage because of the configuration of the tilt cylinder, lever
assembly, and link assembly. The Z-bar linkage allows the bucket to remain in the same position as
the lift arm raises.

Bucket Control Group

(1) Head end of the tilt cylinder (2) Rod end of the tilt cylinder (3) Lever assembly (4) Bucket (5) Head end of the lift
cylinders (6) Rod end of the lift cylinders (7) Link assembly (8) Lift arm

When the operator moves the control levers in the cab the bucket control group moves. Valve spools
in the main control valve control the flow of oil to the head end and the rod end of the cylinders.

When high pressure oil flows to the head end of lift cylinders (5), lift arm (8) raises. When high
pressure oil flows to rod end of the lift cylinders (6), lift arm (8) lowers.

Bucket (4) tilts back when high pressure oil flows to the head end of tilt cylinder (1). Bucket (4)
dumps when high pressure oil flows to rod end of the tilt cylinder (2) .

The kickout system may be adjusted in order to control the travel of the lift arms. The kickout system
may also be adjusted in order to control the position of the bucket.

Kickout System
The kickout system is made up of the following components: the lift positioner switch, the bucket
positioner switch and the pilot control valve.

The kickout system allows the operator to move either the tilt control lever or the lift control lever to a
DETENT position.

Lift Kickout

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Components of the Lift Kickout
1) Lift positioner switch. (2) Switch holder. (3) Magnet assembly
Lift positioner switch (1) is located on the left side of the loader frame. Magnet assembly (3) is located
on the top of the lift arm.

Location of the Pilot Valves

(4) Lift, tilt, and attachment valves.

Control Levers

(5) Tilt control lever. (6) Lift control lever. (7) Auxiliary control lever.

The lift kickout system is an electromagnetic system. The lift kickout system will cause lift control
lever (6) to move from the detent on the RAISE position to the HOLD position when the bucket
reaches a preset height.

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 Lift Pilot Control Valve

(8) Coil assembly. (9) Retainer. (10) Centering spring.

Lift positioner switch (1) is a normally open switch. When magnet assembly (3) reaches the switch,
the switch will close. This allows current to flow through the electric circuit to coil assembly (8) .

The lift control valve will stay in the full RAISE position, when lift control lever (6) is activated.
Centering spring (10) forces retainer (9) to contact coil assembly (8). Coil assembly (8) is energized in
order to keep retainer (9) in position. This will maintain control lever (6) in the RAISE position. The
lift control lever will stay in this position until the bucket reaches a preset height. When the lift arms
are raised, magnet (3) moves toward lift positioner switch (1). When magnet (3) reaches lift positioner
switch (1), the circuit opens. This de-energizes coil assembly (8) in order to return lift control lever (6)
to the HOLD position.

Bucket Positioner

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Components of the Bucket Positioner

11) Magnet assembly. (12) Rod End of the Tilt Cylinder. (13) Tilt Cylinder. (14) Tube. (15 ) Bucket Positioner Switch.

Magnet assembly (11) is mounted on the lever assembly. Bucket positioner switch (15) is mounted on
tube (14).

Location of the Pilot Valves

4) Lift, tilt, and attachment valves.

Control Levers

(5) Tilt control lever. (6) Lift control lever. (7) Auxiliary control lever.

The bucket positioner is an electromagnetic system. The bucket positioner will cause tilt control lever
(5) to move from the detent on the TILT BACK position to the HOLD position when the bucket
reaches a preset angle.

When the operator fully moves the lift control lever to the TILT BACK position, retainer (17) contacts
coil assembly (16). Coil assembly (16) holds the lift control lever in the TILT BACK position.

As the bucket tilts, magnet assembly (11) moves in the direction of bucket positioner switch (15).
When the magnet assembly nears the switch, the switch opens. This stops the flow of current to coil
assembly (16). The tilt control lever returns to the HOLD position. This causes the movement of tilt
cylinder rod (12) to stop. The movement of the bucket stops at the predetermined angle.

The bucket stays in this location until the operator places the tilt control lever in the DUMP position

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Tilt Pilot Control Valve

(16) Coil assembly. (17) Retainer. (18) Centering spring.

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