BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MANAGMENT
BY: DR AKSHAY
GUIDED BY: DR ASHITHA
WASTES
🟢 "Something which is not put into proper usage at a given time”
Solid Liquid Gas
🟢 household
waste
🟢 industrial
waste
🟢 biomedical
waste
BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
Any waste which is
generated
during the diagnosis,
treatment or
immunization of human
beings, animals or in
research
activities or in the
production.
CAUSES :
Improper:-
🟢Packaging
🟢 Segregation
🟢Treatment
and disposal
of biomedical waste.
CLASSIFICATION OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE
Infectious Pathological Sharps
waste waste
Pharmaceutic Genotoxic Chemical
al waste waste waste
Waste with Pressurized Radioactive
high content containers waste
of heavy
metals
CLASSIFICATION OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE
1. INFECTIOUS WASTE:
Infectious
waste
suspected
to
contain
pathogens
(bacteria,
viruses,
parasites, or
fungi)
in
sufficient quantity to cause diseases
in susceptible hosts.
• Cultures and stocks of infectious agents from
laboratory work.
• Waste from surgery
of patients with infectious
disease.
• Infected animals from laboratories.
2. PATHOLOGICAL
WASTE: It consists
of tissues, organs,
body parts, human
foetus, and body
fluids.
3. SHARPS: These are the items that could
cause cuts or puncture
wounds, including;
• Needles,
Scalpel and other blades, Knives,
• Saws,
• Broken glass, and nails.
4. PHARMACEUTICAL
WASTE: It includes
expired, unused, spilt,
and contaminated
🟢Pharmaceutical
products
🟢Drugs
🟢 Vaccines
5. GENOTOXIC WASTE:
• Genotoxic waste
is highly
hazardous and may have
• Mutagenic,
• Teratogenic, or
Carcinogenic properties.
6 CHEMICAL WASTE
⚫solid
⚫Liquid
⚫Gaseous
7. WASTES WITH HIGH
CONTENT
OF HEAVY METALS: It
represents a
subcategory of
hazardous chemical
waste, and is
usually highly toxic.
It includes ⚫Batteries,
⚫Broken thermometer
8. PRESSURIZED CONTAINERS:
Many types of gas are used in
health care, and are often stored in
pressurized cylinders, cartridges,
and aerosol cans. Most common
gas used in health
care includes:
🔵Anesthetic gases
🔵 Ethylene oxide
🔵Oxygen
🔵Compressed air
9. RADIOACTIVE WASTE: It includes the X-rays,
Alpha- and Beta- particles, and gamma - rays
emitted by radio active substances
⚫ Alpha particles are heavy positively charged ,
includes protons and neutrons
⚫They have low penetration power, and are hazardous
to humans mostly when inhaled
or ingested.
SOURCES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE
Hospitals Blood banks Biotechnologic
health care al institutions
centers
HOUSEHOLD WASTE
Household Biomedical
waste is hazardous and
infectious. It has an
impact on all biological
life, not just people. The
chemicals from the
waste can pollute the air,
water, and land. Needles,
sharps
INDUSTRIES, EDUCATION INSTITUTES AND
RESEARCH CENTERS:
⚫These also generate biomedical waste in
substantial quantities
⚫The type of waste generated from animal
houses is typically animal tissues, organs, blood of
experimental animals
BLOOD BANKS AND CLINICAL
LABORATORIES:
⚫Laboratories and
blood banks
generate most of
the categories of
biomedical waste
EFFECTS OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE
🌎 The improper management of bio medical waste causes
serious environmental problems interms of
⚫Air
⚫Water
⚫Land pollution
METHODS OF DISPOSAL OF BIOMEDICAL
WASTE AND THEIR SEGREGATION
WASTE CATEGORY TYPE OF WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL
OPTION
CATEGORY 1 Human anatomical waste Incineration / deep burial
[tissues,organ,body parts]
CATEGORY 2 Animal waste (Animal tissues, Incineration / deep burial
organs, body parts, bleeding
parts, fluid, blood and
experimental animals used in
research, waste generated by
veterinary hospitals and
colleges, discharge from
hospitals,)
CATEGORY 3 Biotechnology and microbiology
waste (Wastes from laboratory
Local autoclaving/
cultures, stocks or specimen of microwaving/
live microorganisms, human and
animal cell cultures used in incineration
research and infectious agents
from research and industrial
laboratories, wastes from
production of biological,toxins
and devices used for transfer of
cultures]
CATEGORY 4 Waste sharps( Disinfectanting(chemical
needles,syringes,blade, treatment,
Glass) autoclaving,microwaving
and mutilation)
CATEGORY 5 Discarded medicine and Incineration / destruction
cytotoxic drugs and drugs disposal in
secured
landfills
CATEGORY 6 Items contaminated with Incineration/
body fluids including autoclaving/
cotton, dressings, soiled
plaster casts, lines, microwaving
bedding and other
materials contaminated
with blood
CATEGORY 7 Waste sharps( Disinfecting by chemical
needles,syringes,blade, treatment / autoclaving/
Glass) microwaving/ mutilation/
shredding
CATEGORY 8 Liquid Waste (Waste generated Disinfecting by chemical
from the laboratory and treatment and discharge
washing, cleaning,
housekeeping and
into drains
disinfecting activities)
CATEGORY 9 Incineration Ash (Ash Disposal in municipal
from incineration of landfill
any biomedical
waste
CATEGORY 10 Chemical Waste Chemical treatment
(Chemicals used in and discharge into
production of drains for liquids and
biological, chemicals secured landfill
used in disinfecting, as for solids.
insecticides, etc.)
STEPS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE
COLOUR CODING FOR SEGREGATION OF
BIOMEDICAL WASTE
COLOUR WASTE TREATMENT
YELLOW Human & Animal anatomical Incineration/ deep burial
waste / Micro-biology waste ,
cotton/dressings/linen/bedding
s
Tubing's, Catheters, IV Autoclaving /
Red sets. Microwaving /
Chemical treatment
WHITE/ BLUE Waste sharps Autoclaving/
( Needles, microwaving/
Syringes, Scalpels, chemical
blades) treatment
BLACK BLACK Discarded Disposal in
medicines/cytotoxic secured landfill
drugs,
Incineration ash,
Chemical waste.
REFERENCE
⚫Swasthavrtta textbook by: dr mangalagowri
⚫https://cpcb.nic.in/uploads/Projects/Bio-Medical
-Waste/Guidelines_healthcare_June_2018.pdf
THANK YOU
